内容正文:
考前必备清单03:2026年中考英语词性词形转换训练
(词汇清单+构词法知识+巩固训练)
一、词性转化词汇清单
A
· able adj. 能够的 → ability n. 能力 → unable adj. 不能的 → enable v. 使能够 → disable v. 使残疾
· act v. 行动,做事 → action n. 行动,行为 → active adj. 积极的,活跃的 → actor n. 演员 → actress n. 女演员 → activity n. 活动
· angry adj. 生气的 → anger n. 愤怒 → angrily adv. 生气地
· amazing adj. 令人惊奇的 → amazed adj. 感到惊讶的 → amazement n. 惊奇
· amuse v. 娱乐 → amused adj. 感到愉快的 → amusing adj. 有趣的 → amusement n.娱乐
· apologize v. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 道歉的
· appear v. 出现 → appearance n. 出现,外貌 → disappear v. 消失 → disappearance n. 消失
· absent adj. 缺席的 → absence n. 缺席
· accept v. 接受 → acceptable adj. 可接受的 → acceptance n. 接受 → unacceptable adj. 不可接受的
· achieve v. 达到,实现 → achievement n. 成就,成绩 → achievable adj. 可实现的
· add v. 增加 → addition n. 增加,加法 → additional adj. 额外的,附加的
· advise v. 建议 → advice n. 建议 → adviser/advisor n. 顾问 → advisable adj. 明智的,可取的
B
· base n. 基础 → basic adj. 基本的 → basically adv. 基本地
· brave adj. 勇敢的 → bravely adv. 勇敢地 → bravery n. 勇敢
· build v. 建造 → building n. 建筑物 → builder n. 建筑工人 → rebuild v. 重建
· busy adj. 忙碌的 → business n. 商业,生意 → businessman/businesswoman n. 商人/女商人
· beauty n. 美丽 → beautiful adj. 美丽的 → beautifully adv. 美丽地
· believe v. 相信 → belief n. 信念 → believable adj. 可信的 → unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
· breathe v. 呼吸 → breath n. 呼吸 → breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
· bright adj. 明亮的,聪明的 → brightly adv. 明亮地 → brightness n. 亮度 → brighten v. 使变亮
· broad adj. 宽阔的 → broaden v. 拓宽 → broadly adv. 广泛地 → breadth n. 宽度
C
· care n./v. 关心,在意 → careful adj. 小心的 → carefully adv. 小心地 → careless adj. 粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心
· centre/center n. 中心 → central adj. 中心的 → centralize v. 集中
· child n. 孩子 → children (pl.) n. 孩子们 → childhood n. 童年 → childish adj. 孩子气的(贬义) → childlike adj. 孩子般的(褒义)
· choose v. 选择 → choice n. 选择 → choosy adj. 挑剔的
· colour/color n. 颜色 → colourful/colorful adj. 色彩丰富的 → colourless/colorless adj. 无色的
· create v. 创造 → creative adj. 有创造力的 → creativity n. 创造力 → creation n. 创造物
· comfort n./v. 安慰,舒适 → comfortable adj. 舒适的 → uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 → comfortably adv. 舒适地
· communicate v. 交流 → communication n. 交流 → communicative adj. 健谈的
· compete v. 竞争 → competition n. 比赛 → competitor n. 竞争者 → competitive adj. 有竞争力的
· confident adj. 自信的 → confidence n. 自信 → confidently adv. 自信地
D
· danger n. 危险 → dangerous adj. 危险的 → endanger v. 危及
· decide v. 决定 → decision n. 决定 → decisive adj. 决定性的
· develop v. 发展 → development n. 发展 → developed adj. 发达的 → developing adj. 发展中的
· die v. 死亡 → dead adj. 死的 → death n. 死亡 → dying adj. 垂死的
· different adj. 不同的 → difference n. 不同 → differ v. 相异
· difficult adj. 困难的 → difficulty n. 困难
· direct adj./v. 直接的;指导 → direction n. 方向 → director n. 导演,主任 → directly adv. 直接地
· discover v. 发现 → discovery n. 发现 → discoverer n. 发现者
· discuss v. 讨论 → discussion n. 讨论
· divide v. 分开 → division n. 分开,部门
E
· east n. 东方 → eastern adj. 东方的 → eastward(s) adv. 向东
· easy adj. 容易的 → easily adv. 容易地 → ease n. 安逸
· economy n. 经济 → economic adj. 经济的(与钱有关) → economical adj. 节约的(省钱) → economics n. 经济学
· educate v. 教育 → education n. 教育 → educational adj. 教育的 → educator n. 教育家
· electric adj. 电的 → electricity n. 电 → electrical adj. 电的,电气科学的 → electronic adj. 电子的
· employ v. 雇佣 → employer n. 雇主 → employee n. 雇员 → employment n. 就业 → unemployment n. 失业
· encourage v. 鼓励 → encouragement n. 鼓励 → courage n. 勇气 → discourage v. 使气馁
· end n./v. 结束 → ending n. 结尾 → endless adj. 无尽的
· energy n. 能量,精力 → energetic adj. 精力充沛的
· enjoy v. 享受,喜欢 → enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的 → enjoyment n. 乐趣
· enter v. 进入 → entrance n. 入口 → entry n. 进入,条目
· excite v. 使兴奋 → excited adj. (人)感到兴奋的 → exciting adj. (物)令人兴奋的 → excitement n. 兴奋
· explain v. 解释 → explanation n. 解释
· express v. 表达 → expression n. 表达,表情
F
· fail v. 失败 → failure n. 失败 → failed adj. 失败的
· fair adj. 公平的;美丽的 → fairly adv. 相当;公平地 → unfair adj. 不公平的 → fairness n. 公平
· fame n. 名声 → famous adj. 著名的
· familiar adj. 熟悉的 → unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的 → familiarize v. 使熟悉
· farm n. 农场 → farmer n. 农民 → farming n. 农业
· favour/favor n. 帮助,偏爱 → favourite/favorite adj./n. 最喜爱的(人或物) → favourable/favorable adj. 有利的
· fear n./v. 害怕 → fearful adj. 害怕的 → fearless adj. 无畏的
· feel v. 感觉 → feeling n. 感觉 → felt (过去式/过去分词)
· fly v. 飞 → flight n. 飞行,航班
· free adj. 自由的,免费的 → freedom n. 自由 → freely adv. 自由地
· friend n. 朋友 → friendly adj. 友好的 → friendship n. 友谊
· fortune n. 财富,运气 → fortunate adj. 幸运的 → fortunately adv. 幸运地 → unfortunate adj. 不幸的
G
· general adj. 一般的,总的 → generally adv. 通常,普遍地 → generalize v. 概括
· gentle adj. 温柔的 → gently adv. 温柔地 → gentleness n. 温柔
· globe n. 地球 → global adj. 全球的 → globalize v. 全球化
· govern v. 统治,管理 → government n. 政府 → governor n. 州长,总督
· graduate v. 毕业 → graduation n. 毕业 → graduate n. 毕业生
· grate v. 磨碎 → grateful adj. 感激的 → gratitude n. 感激之情
· grow v. 生长,种植 → growth n. 生长 → grown-up n./adj. 成年人;成年的
H
· happy adj. 快乐的 → happiness n. 快乐 → unhappy adj. 不快乐的
· health n. 健康 → healthy adj. 健康的 → unhealthy adj. 不健康的
· heat n. 热 → hot adj. 热的 → heat v. 加热
· help n./v. 帮助 → helpful adj. 有帮助的 → helpless adj. 无助的
· high adj. 高的 → height n. 高度 → highly adv. 高度地
· home n. 家 → homeless adj. 无家可归的 → homesick adj. 想家的
· honest adj. 诚实的 → honesty n. 诚实 → dishonest adj. 不诚实的
· hope n./v. 希望 → hopeful adj. 有希望的 → hopeless adj. 绝望的
· humour/humor n. 幽默 → humorous adj. 幽默的
I
· ill adj. 生病的 → illness n. 疾病
· imagine v. 想象 → imagination n. 想象力 → imaginative adj. 富有想象力的 → imaginary adj. 虚构的
· important adj. 重要的 → importance n. 重要性 → unimportant adj. 不重要的
· impress v. 给…留下印象 → impression n. 印象 → impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
· improve v. 改进,提高 → improvement n. 改进
· include v. 包括 → including prep. 包括 → inclusion n. 包含 → exclude v. 排除
· industry n. 工业,产业 → industrial adj. 工业的 → industrious adj. 勤奋的
· inform v. 通知 → information n. 信息 → informative adj. 信息丰富的
· injure v. 伤害 → injury n. 伤害 → injured adj. 受伤的
· invent v. 发明 → invention n. 发明 → inventor n. 发明家
· invite v. 邀请 → invitation n. 邀请
J, K, L
· joy n. 欢乐 → joyful adj. 快乐的 → enjoy v. 享受
· kind adj. 善良的;n. 种类 → kindness n. 善良 → unkind adj. 不善良的
· know v. 知道 → knowledge n. 知识 → knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的 → unknown adj. 未知的
· late adj./adv. 迟的(地) → later adj./adv. 后来(的) → latest adj. 最新的 → lately adv. 最近
· lead v. 领导,导致 → leader n. 领导者 → leadership n. 领导力
· long adj. 长的 → length n. 长度 → lengthen v. 延长 → long-term adj. 长期的
· love n./v. 爱 → lovely adj. 可爱的 → lover n. 爱好者,情人
M
· major adj. 主要的 → majority n. 大多数 → minority n. 少数
· manage v. 管理,设法做到 → manager n. 经理 → management n. 管理
· mean v. 意思是;adj. 吝啬的 → meaning n. 意义 → meaningful adj. 有意义的
· measure v. 测量 → measurement n. 测量,尺寸
· medicine n. 药,医学 → medical adj. 医学的 → medication n. 药物
· meet v. 遇见,满足 → meeting n. 会议
· memory n. 记忆 → memorize v. 记住 → memorial adj./n. 纪念的;纪念碑
· move v. 移动 → movement n. 运动 → moving adj. 感人的 → removal n. 移除
N, O, P
· nation n. 国家 → national adj. 国家的 → nationality n. 国籍 → international adj. 国际的
· nature n. 自然 → natural adj. 自然的 → naturally adv. 自然地
· necessary adj. 必要的 → necessity n. 必需品 → unnecessary adj. 不必要的
· noise n. 噪音 → noisy adj. 吵闹的 → noisily adv. 吵闹地
· north n. 北方 → northern adj. 北方的 → northeast n. 东北
· office n. 办公室 → officer n. 官员 → official adj./n. 官方的;官员
· open v./adj. 打开;开着的 → opening n. 开口,开幕式
· operate v. 操作,动手术 → operation n. 手术,操作 → operator n. 操作员
· organize v. 组织 → organization n. 组织 → organizer n. 组织者
· pain n. 疼痛 → painful adj. 疼痛的 → painless adj. 无痛的
· patient adj. 有耐心的;n. 病人 → patience n. 耐心 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的
· peace n. 和平 → peaceful adj. 和平的 → peacefully adv. 和平地
· perfect adj. 完美的 → perfectly adv. 完美地 → imperfect adj. 不完美的
· perform v. 表演,执行 → performance n. 表演,表现 → performer n. 表演者
· please v. 使高兴 → pleased adj. (人)高兴的 → pleasant adj. (物)令人愉快的 → pleasure n. 乐趣
· pollute v. 污染 → pollution n. 污染 → polluted adj. 被污染的
· populate v. 居住于 → population n. 人口 → popular adj. 流行的 → popularity n. 流行度
· possible adj. 可能的 → possibility n. 可能性 → impossible adj. 不可能的
· power n. 力量,权力 → powerful adj. 强大的 → powerless adj. 无力的
· practice/practise v. 练习 → practice n. 练习 → practical adj. 实际的 → practically adv. 几乎,实际上
· press v. 按,压 → pressure n. 压力
· prevent v. 防止 → prevention n. 预防
· produce v. 生产 → product n. 产品 → production n. 生产 → producer n. 生产者
· pronounce v. 发音 → pronunciation n. 发音
· protect v. 保护 → protection n. 保护 → protective adj. 保护的
· proud adj. 骄傲的 → pride n. 骄傲 → proudly adv. 骄傲地
Q, R, S
· quick adj. 快的 → quickly adv. 快地 → quicken v. 加快
· quiet adj. 安静的 → quietly adv. 安静地 → quietness n. 安静
· real adj. 真实的 → really adv. 真正地 → reality n. 现实 → realize v. 意识到
· reason n. 原因,理由 → reasonable adj. 合理的 → unreasonable adj. 不合理的
· recent adj. 最近的 → recently adv. 最近
· relate v. 联系,叙述 → relation n. 关系 → relative n./adj. 亲戚;相对的 → relationship n. 关系
· relax v. 放松 → relaxed adj. (人)放松的 → relaxing adj. (物)令人放松的 → relaxation n. 放松
· rely v. 依靠 → reliable adj. 可靠的 → reliability n. 可靠性
· respond v. 回应 → response n. 回应 → responsible adj. 负责的 → responsibility n. 责任
· sad adj. 悲伤的 → sadness n. 悲伤 → sadly adv. 悲伤地
· safe adj. 安全的 → safety n. 安全 → unsafe adj. 不安全的 → save v. 拯救,节省
· satisfy v. 使满意 → satisfied adj. (人)满意的 → satisfying/satisfactory adj. (物)令人满意的 → satisfaction n. 满意
· science n. 科学 → scientist n. 科学家 → scientific adj. 科学的
· sense n./v. 感觉,意义 → sensible adj. 明智的 → sensitive adj. 敏感的 → sensitivity n. 敏感
· serve v. 服务 → service n. 服务 → servant n. 仆人
· short adj. 短的 → shorten v. 缩短 → shortage n. 短缺
· sign n./v. 标志;签名 → signal n. 信号 → signature n. 签名 → significance n. 重要性
· silent adj. 安静的 → silence n. 安静 → silently adv. 安静地
· simple adj. 简单的 → simply adv. 仅仅,简单地 → simplify v. 简化
· society n. 社会 → social adj. 社会的 → socialize v. 社交
· solve v. 解决 → solution n. 解决方法
· speak v. 说 → speaker n. 说话者,扬声器 → speech n. 演讲
· succeed v. 成功 → success n. 成功 → successful adj. 成功的 → successfully adv. 成功地
· suggest v. 建议 → suggestion n. 建议
· surprise n./v. 惊讶 → surprised adj. (人)惊讶的 → surprising adj. (物)令人惊讶的
T, U, V, W, Y, Z
· teach v. 教 → teacher n. 教师 → teaching n. 教学
· technology n. 技术 → technological adj. 技术的 → technician n. 技术员
· terrible adj. 可怕的 → terribly adv. 非常,可怕地 → terror n. 恐怖
· thank v. 感谢 → thankful adj. 感激的 → thanks n. 感谢
· think v. 想 → thought n. 想法 → thinker n. 思想家
· tire v. 使疲劳 → tired adj. 疲劳的 → tiring adj. 令人疲劳的 → tireless adj. 不知疲倦的
· tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的 → traditionally adv. 传统上
· true adj. 真实的 → truth n. 真相 → truly adv. 真正地
· use v. 使用 → useful adj. 有用的 → useless adj. 无用的 → usage n. 用法
· value n./v. 价值;重视 → valuable adj. 有价值的 → valueless adj. 无价值的
· vary v. 变化 → various adj. 各种各样的 → variety n. 多样性
· visit v./n. 访问 → visitor n. 访问者
· warm adj. 温暖的 → warmth n. 温暖 → warmly adv. 温暖地
· weak adj. 虚弱的 → weakness n. 弱点 → weaken v. 削弱
· wide adj. 宽的 → width n. 宽度 → widen v. 拓宽 → widely adv. 广泛地
· wonder n./v. 惊奇;想知道 → wonderful adj. 极好的
· young adj. 年轻的 → youth n. 青年时期,年轻人 → youthful adj. 年轻的
· zero n. 零 → zero v. 归零
二、构词法知识清单
构词法是指词的构成规律。掌握构词法有助于快速扩大词汇量,准确猜测生词含义。英语主要有三种构词法:派生法、合成法和转化法。
表1:派生法(Derivation)—— 通过添加前缀或后缀改变词义或词性
类型
功能
常见词缀
示例
名词后缀
构成名词,表示人、物、状态、性质等
-er/-or, -ist, -ness, -ment, -ion/-tion, -ance/-ence, -ity, -ship, -hood
teacher, actor, artist, happiness, development, education, importance, difference, reality, friendship, childhood
动词后缀
构成动词,表示“使成为…”或动作
-ize/-ise, -en, -ify
realize, widen, simplify
形容词后缀
构成形容词,表示“具有…性质的”
-ful, -less, -able/-ible, -ous, -ive, -al, -y, -ic
helpful, careless, comfortable, dangerous, active, natural, cloudy, historic
副词后缀
构成副词,表示方式、程度等
-ly
slowly, happyly, extremely
否定前缀
构成反义词
un-, in-/im-/il-/ir-, dis-, non-
unhappy, incorrect, impossible, illegal, irregular, disagree, non-stop
表2:合成法(Compounding)—— 由两个或更多的词合成一个新词
合成类型
示例
合成名词
class+room → classroom, note+book → notebook, sun+glasses → sunglasses
合成形容词
good-looking, well-known, snow-white, part-time
合成动词
over+come → overcome, under+stand → understand
合成副词
how+ever → however, any+way → anyway
表3:转化法(Conversion)—— 词形不变,词性改变
转化类型
示例
名词 → 动词
water (n. 水) → water (v. 浇水), book (n. 书) → book (v. 预订)
动词 → 名词
try (v. 尝试) → have a try (n. 尝试), walk (v. 走) → go for a walk (n. 散步)
形容词 → 动词
slow (adj. 慢的) → slow down (v. 减速), clean (adj. 干净的) → clean the room (v. 打扫)
三、巩固训练典题50道
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示,用单词的适当形式填空。
1. The teacher was very ________ (please) with our homework.
2. We should protect our ________ (环境) for the future.
3. He made a ________ (决定) to study abroad after high school.
4. The news was so ________ (令人惊讶的) that everyone shouted.
5. Reading can ________ (拓宽) your knowledge.
6. It's ________ (polite) to speak loudly in the library.
7. The ________ (发明) of the telephone changed the world.
8. She looked at me ________ (angry) because I was late.
9. We need to find a ________ (solve) to this problem.
10. He is a ________ (knowledge) person who reads a lot.
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. The children were playing ________ (happy) in the park.
12. We must take this matter ________ (serious).
13. His sudden ________ (appear) made us all worried.
14. The movie was so ________ (bore) that I fell asleep.
15. Can you give me some ________ (suggest) on how to learn English?
16. The ________ (develop) of technology is very fast.
17. She told me the news in a ________ (friend) way.
18. It's ________ (possible) for him to finish the work in one hour.
19. We should be ________ (care) when crossing the road.
20. The teacher's ________ (explain) was very clear.
三、单项选择(词义辨析与词形转换)。
21. The doctor told him to take the medicine ________.
A. regular B. regularly C. regulation D. regularity
22. We were deeply ________ by his moving speech.
A. impressed B. impression C. impressive D. impressively
23. The little boy showed great ________ in saving his friend from the river.
A. brave B. bravely C. bravery D. bravest
24. There is no ________ between the two cases. They are totally different.
A. connect B. connection C. connective D. connecting
25. The government is taking action to reduce air ________.
A. pollute B. polluted C. pollution D. polluting
26. He made a ________ that he would never tell a lie again.
A. promise B. promising C. promised D. promiser
27. The ________ of the internet has made our life much more convenient.
A. invent B. invention C. inventor D. inventive
28. She looked ________ when she heard the bad news.
A. sad B. sadness C. sadly D. sadden
29. It's ________ to judge a person only by his appearance.
A. fair B. fairly C. unfair D. fairness
30. The ________ from London to Paris is about one hour by plane.
A. distant B. distance C. distantly D. distancing
四、同义句转换,每空一词(考查词性转换)。
31. He is a careful driver.
→ He drives ________ ________.
32. The problem is very difficult. We can't solve it.
→ The problem is ________ ________ for us to solve.
33. She quickly made a decision.
→ She made a decision ________ ________.
34. His success made his parents very happy.
→ His parents were very ________ ________ his success.
35. The teacher explained the grammar rules clearly.
→ The teacher's ________ of the grammar rules was clear.
五、根据构词法知识,写出下列单词的相应形式。
36. act (v.) → n. (行为) ________ → adj. (积极的) ________
37. child (n.) → n. (童年) ________ → adj. (孩子气的) ________
38. create (v.) → n. (创造力) ________ → adj. (有创造力的) ________
39. depend (v.) → adj. (独立的) ________ → n. (独立) ________
40. inform (v.) → n. (信息) ________ → adj. (信息丰富的) ________
六、短文填空(综合运用)。
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整正确。
Last weekend, I had a very 41. ________ (interest) experience. I visited a science museum with my classmates. The 42. ________ (exhibit) there were amazing. One exhibit showed the 43. ________ (important) of water 44. ________ (conserve). We learned that many people in the world still don't have 45. ________ (safe) drinking water. It made me think 46. ________ (deep). Another exhibit was about space 47. ________ (explore). We saw a model of a rocket and some 48. ________ (science) instruments. The most 49. ________ (excite) part was the 3D movie about the universe. It was so 50. ________ (real) that I felt like I was flying among the stars. I gained a lot of knowledge and had a wonderful day.
【参考答案】
1. pleased 2. environment 3. decision 4. surprising/amazing 5. widen/broaden
2. impolite 7. invention 8. angrily 9. solution 10. knowledgeable
3. happily 12. seriously 13. disappearance 14. boring 15. suggestions
4. development 17. friendly 18. impossible 19. careful 20. explanation
21-25: BACBC 26-30: ABACB
5. very carefully 32. too difficult 33. very quickly 34. happy with 35. explanation
6. action, active 37. childhood, childish 38. creativity, creative 39. independent, independence 40. information, informative
7. interesting 42. exhibits 43. importance 44. conservation 45. safe
8. deeply 47. exploration 48. scientific 49. exciting 50. real
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