Unit 2 Growing pains and gains Understanding ideas Grammar课件- 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

外研版八年级英语下册 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains Understanding ideas Grammar 通过情境体验，能够了解一般过去时的被动语态的用法。 能够正确使用一般过去时的被动语态。 能够使用一般过去时的被动语态表述与父母产生矛盾的经历。 一般过去时被动语态的各类句式 肯定句: 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). I was praised by the teacher. 2. 否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). The windows were not broken by him. 我被老师表扬了。 窗户不是被他打破的。 Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. P23 (a) I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. (b) I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. 一般过去时的被动语态的结构： 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) Now find one more sentence with this structure in the reading passage. lazy sofa adj. 懒洋洋的，慵懒的 n. 长沙发 The lazy dog was carried to the sofa by its owner. 这只懒狗被它的主人抱到了沙发上。 一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)? - Was your homework finished yesterday? - Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)? - When was the company founded? - Two years ago. —你昨天完成作业了吗？ —是的，完成了。/ 不，没有完成。 —这家公司是什么时候成立的？ —两年前。 term n. 学期 A lot of time is spent on sports in our class this term. 这学期我们班的很多时间都用在了体育运动上。 spend v. 花(时间) conversation n. 谈话，交谈，会话 A quiet conversation was heard in the next room just now. 刚才隔壁房间传来一阵轻声的交谈。 含有不定式的主动句变被动句 Liu Xiang was encouraged (by the school) to train for the high jump. For example： 在“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 不定式”结构中，当动词是被动语态时，其后的不定式可保持主动语态。 The school encouraged Liu Xiang to train for the high jump. 当含有被动含义时，不定式本身能变成被动语态。 For example： He never expected the book to be found (by them). He never expected them to find the book. 含有短语动词的主动句变被动句 The pets were taken care of by us. For example： 短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动句后要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。 We took care of the pets. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句 ①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变。 ②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前须有介词(一般 是for或to)。 He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. The book was given to me by him. For example： 间接宾语 直接宾语 disagreement n. 意见不合，分歧，争论 They had a small disagreement about where to go for lunch. 他们就去哪里吃午饭发生了一点小争执。 含有感官动词或使役动词的主动句变被动句 I heard him sing in the next room. He was heard to sing in the next room. The man makes the boy do his homework. The boy is made to do his homework (by the man). For example： 主动句中，感官动词（如：hear, see, watch等）或使役动词（如：make等）跟宾语后再跟省略to的动词不定式，改为被动句后，省略的to要加上。 Note 4 被动语态 关键：be 动词的时态随原主动句的时态变化，过去分词固定不变（规则 / 不规则变化需牢记）。 三、基本句式变化（以一般过去时为例，其他时态同理） The worker repaired the machine.（工人修了机器） 被动句：The machine was repaired by the worker. 否定句：be 动词后加 not → The machine wasn't repaired by the worker. 这台机器没被这个工人修。 一般疑问句：be 动词提前 → Was the machine repaired by the worker? 这台机器是被这个工人修的吗？ 回答：Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. 一般将来时 主语：will\shall+do 例：Tomorrow they will plant trees. 被动: will\shall be+done 例：Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 被动语态 1. 规则变化（3 类核心） ① 直接加 - ed：clean→cleaned；ask→asked；play→played ② 以 e 结尾加 - d：live→lived；like→liked；dance→danced ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - ed：study→studied；worry→worried 2. 初中必背不规则过去分词（高频） see→seen；do→done；go→gone；have→had；make→made；take→taken；eat→eaten；write→written；break→broken；buy→bought；speak→spoken；tell→told；ask→asked；build→built；teach→taught Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. People speak English in many countries. 2. He doesn't finish the homework on time. 3. Do you water these flowers every morning? 4. Who does the teacher praise most in class? 1. English is spoken by people in many countries. 2. The homework is not finished by him on time. 3. Are these flowers watered by you every morning? 4. Who is praised most by the teacher in class? Production Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple past. 1.  Betty's dad didn't allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa.                                                                       2.  Robert's mum turned down his idea of hiking alone in the mountains.                                                                      3. Sarah's parents hid her birthday presents in their bedroom.                                                                       Betty wasn’t allowed to have a lazy day on the sofa. Rober’s idea of hiking alone in the mountains was turned down by his mum. Sarah’s birthday presents were hidden in their bed room by her parents . Complete the messages with the correct form of the words and  expression in brackets. Dad, You can't just take my phone away. I actually use it for many important things. It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.But now I           (cut off) from them! Do you still remember my space project from last term? A lot of the research           (do) on my phone. And I did a really great job. Can I have my phone back,please? Samantha was cut off was done 一般过去时的被动语态 核心定义：一般过去时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，且主语是动作的承受者。 构成：一般过去时的被动语态由“主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作执行者）”构成。 例句：The mobile phone has greatly influenced people's life since it was invented. 手机自发明以来极大地影响了人们的生活。 These books were written for children. 这些书是写给儿童的。 一般过去时的被动语态 句式： 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词(+其他). 例句：The club was set up in 2010. 这个俱乐部是2010年成立的。 否定句：主+wasn't/weren't+过去分词(+其他). 例句：The door wasn't locked. 门没被锁。 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词(+其他)? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ was/were.；否定回答：No, 主语+ wasn't/weren't. 例句：—Were the trees planted last year? 这些树是去年种的吗？ —Yes, they were. 是的，它们是。/No, they weren't. 不，它们不是。 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were +主语 + 过去分词(+其他)？ 例句：When was the bridge completed? 这座桥是什么时候完工的？ I'm sorry, Samantha. I'm afraid that too much of your time           (spend) on your phone. That's very bad for your eyes. At times, your attention           (draw) away during family meals. We need quality family time, too. How about this? Let's all put our phones down for a while every day and have a family conversation. What do you think? Dad Production was spent was drew 23 1. Tom cleaned the classroom yesterday. The classroom ____________ by Tom yesterday. 2. My mum bought me a new pen last week. A new pen for me by my mum last week. 3. We planted 20 trees in the park last month. 20 trees in the park by us last month. 4. She invited us to dinner this evening. We ______________ to dinner by her this evening. 5. I saw Lily on the street yesterday. Lily __________ on the street by me yesterday. was cleaned was bought were planted were invited was seen 一、 完成句子 24 二、英译汉 1. The problem was caused by misunderstanding. 这个问题是由误会引起的。 2. When I woke up, I found everything was covered with snow. 当我醒来时，我发现一切都被雪覆盖了。 3. The presents were hidden in the bedroom. 礼物被藏在卧室里。 4. Your attention was drawn away during meals. 你的注意力在吃饭时被分散了。 25 26 Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents, using the words and expressions from the reading passage and useful expressions. Basic homework Practical homework Write 5 passive voice sentences, using the phrases from the text. Give a presentation of your story and talk about it to find solutions in groups. Extended homework 27 $