猜押专题05 阅读与表达（话题+体裁）（抢分专练）（北京专用） 2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

猜押专题05阅读与表达（话题+体裁） 年份 试卷 类型 体裁 主题 话题 考点分布 押题依据 2025年 北京卷 议论文 发挥想象力，勇敢尝试 主要讲述了Mark Lee和Sally Carter两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力，勇敢尝试。 细节理解题2个，判断推理题1个，开放性试题1个 40.细节理解题 41.细节理解题 42.判断推理题43.开放性试题 通过对三年北京高考阅读与表达的研究，我们发现：1.文章多为记叙文或者说明文；2.文章词数260-280之间；3.主题聚焦亲情友情、品格修养、人性抉择、成长蜕变、人生哲理等主题，传递正能量与正确价值观，贴合立德树人的课标要求；4.阅读与表达的考查主要涉及以下几个方面：一是细节理解题，占比最高，考查原文信息定位、抓取与同义转换能力，设问围绕人物、事件、数据等关键信息，答案可从文中直接查找或简单改写；二是判断推理题，侧重深层理解，要求结合上下文推断人物情感、性格、行为动机判断的正误，并且找到错误的依据；三是开放性表达题，要求结合文本内容与自身经历谈看法、评价人物、阐述启示，注重观点明确、逻辑连贯、语言规范，体现思辨能力。 综上所述，我们对2026年北京高考做了如下押题预测：以话题为主线，兼顾体裁，关注几个类别： 1.叙事哲理题 2.说明哲理题 2024年 北京卷 记叙文 独立与合作 讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 细节理解题2个，判断推理题1个，开放性试题1个 40.细节理解题 41.细节理解题 42.判断推理题43.开放性试题 2023年 北京卷 说明文 建立良好习惯 习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 细节理解题2个，判断推理题1个，开放性试题1个 40.细节理解题 41.细节理解题 42.判断推理题43.开放性试题 考点1叙事哲理题 【新动向】（2026 北京市西城区 期末） As a freshman, I had no idea how to become a scientist. The process felt cloudy and overwhelming. But things began to change after my first meeting with the professor who became my lab supervisor. Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew. Being an advisor at my Ph.D. university seemed a great opportunity to do the same for others. I enthusiastically applied and was excited to be matched with a student. But as our first meeting drew close, uncertainty set in. What if she asks a question that I have no idea about? How could I be ready for this leadership role when I still have so far to go myself? The day of our first meeting, I was terrified. But once my student joined the call, seeming very enthusiastic about meeting me, and started to talk about herself, I had a flashback to my own college experience. I remembered struggling to handle getting into a research lab and applying to graduate school. This student was probably going through something similar— feeling both uncertainty and a fierce determination to achieve her professional goals. We ended the meeting setting some practical goals for the year, including writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations. As our sessions continued, I still went into each one, worried that I would not be prepared to solve every problem my student encountered. What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences. When I did not know the answer to an issue she raised, I was honest about it and did my best to listen, provide feedback, and allow her to determine her best course of action. Sometimes, I was there simply to provide a safe space to vent (发泄). I could help even when I did not have a solution. A few months after submitting her graduate school applications, my student sent an email thanking me for my support and guidance, which she said helped increase her confidence. She probably doesn’t know that she helped increase my confidence, too. This was a journey of mutual empowerment, making both of us stronger along the way. 40. What change did the professor bring about in the author? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How did the author and the student end their first meeting? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Give one example of your own real-life “mutual empowerment”. (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The professor empowered the author and boosted his/her confidence. 41. They set practical goals for the year—writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations. 42. According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. The author says what mattered most was not having all the answers but knowing the student, listening, and offering guidance based on shared experience. 43. I taught my friend Excel for budget tracking; she taught me public-speaking tricks. Both of us finished the semester stronger—she managed her finances, I nailed my presentation. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者从迷茫新生到自信导师的成长历程，以及与指导学生间的相互赋能。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew.(在整个大学期间，她不仅在专业上给予我支持，还在个人方面提供帮助。我备受鼓舞，信心也随之增强。)”可知，这位教授给了作者力量、提升了作者的自信，故答案为The professor empowered the author and boosted his/her confidence. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“We ended the meeting setting some practical goals for the year, including writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations.(我们结束会面时，为这一年设定了一些实际目标，包括撰写她的个人陈述和练习研究报告展示。)”可知，作者和这位学生为这一年设定了切实可行的目标——撰写个人陈述以及练习研究报告展示。故答案为They set practical goals for the year—writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences.(但我逐渐意识到，最重要的是不要成为那个想象中无所不知的完美导师，而是要了解我的学生，包括她的希望和抱负，并根据我自己的经验，尽我所能地提供指导和支持。)”可知，错误的部分是“have the answers to the student’s questions”，故答案为According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. The author says what mattered most was not having all the answers but knowing the student, listening, and offering guidance based on shared experience. 【43题详解】 开放题。我的生活中“相互赋能”的例子是：我教朋友用Excel做预算追踪，她则传授我公开演讲的技巧。学期结束时，我们俩都收获满满——她学会了理财，我则成功完成了演讲展示。故答案为I taught my friend Excel for budget tracking; she taught me public-speaking tricks. Both of us finished the semester stronger—she managed her finances, I nailed my presentation. 通过故事类的叙事，从中感悟哲理，是高考阅读与表达的焦点。高考命题关注学生生活，关注他们的感悟体验，不仅考查考生的思维能力，还分析其中蕴含的道理。高考很可能以多种角度命制相关试题，所以强力推荐有关叙事类哲理的阅读与表达。 考点2说明哲理题 【新动向】（2026 北京市东城区 期末） History is full of stories suggesting that scientific breakthroughs happen suddenly, in a flash of inspiration. Perhaps the most famous of these concerns Isaac Newton, a physicist, who was supposedly sitting under a tree in his mother’s garden when an apple fell on his head. Thanks to this, Newton came up with his theory of gravity. Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to—how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him. “Eureka” he reportedly declared, which means “I’ve found it” in Ancient Greek. Apparently, he was so excited by his discovery, which became very influential, that he jumped out of the bathtub and ran into the street to tell everyone! These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. Recent studies suggest that effective problem-solving often requires two types of attention. The first stage is analytical thinking, which involves paying close attention to detail. This stage may take years or even decades. But there comes a point when we must step away from the problem and give it space and time. And it’s during this less focused stage, when we’re in the bathtub, or under an apple tree, that our “Eureka moments” are more likely to come. 40. When did Archimedes find the solution to the problem he was struggling with? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What do the two stories have in common? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what else contributes to problem-solving? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 41. Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on. 42. People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. They enjoy the simplicity of the stories. 43. Other factors include teamwork for diverse ideas, persistence to overcome failures, and access to resources like books or tools. These help build knowledge and creativity, leading to better solutions beyond just focused thinking. 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了科学突破常被传为灵光乍现，实则多经过漫长积累。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to—how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him.(大约两千年前，数学家和物理学家阿基米德正在努力解决一个没有人能找到答案的问题——如何准确地测量物体的体积。当他进入浴缸时，他注意到浴缸里的水在上升，他想到了解决办法)”可知，当阿基米德进去时发现浴缸里的水在上升，从而找到了解决他苦苦挣扎的问题的方法。故回答：When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries.(这两个故事，都是关于科学家们突然解决了他们一直在研究的问题，已经被讲述了几个世纪)”可知，这两个故事的共同之处是两者都涉及科学家突然解决了他们一直在研究的问题。故回答：Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously.(当人们想到苹果从树上掉下来或老人从浴缸里跳出来的画面时，就会喜欢这些故事的简单。也许这两个故事甚至让我们相信，如果我们足够幸运地拥有自己的“Eureka时刻”，我们也可以做出伟大的发现。但是，实际上，这些发现通常是经过多年的艰苦工作和认真的科学分析后得出的，其中大多数发现并不像前面提到的两个故事那样引起人们的兴趣)”可知，人们喜欢这些故事是因为其简单性，而非欣赏科学发现的实际过程；实际过程是漫长而艰苦的。故回答：People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. They enjoy the simplicity of the stories. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。文中提到了分析性思维，除了这种思维外，要想成功还需要团队合作、克服失败的毅力、获取书籍或工具等资源。这些有助于建立知识和创造力，带来更好的解决方案，而不仅仅是集中思考。故回答：Other factors include teamwork for diverse ideas, persistence to overcome failures, and access to resources like books or tools. These help build knowledge and creativity, leading to better solutions beyond just focused thinking. 通过说明有哲理的现象，帮助人们提高思维能力，是高考命题的方向。高考很可能以多种角度命制相关试题，所以强力推荐有关说明哲理类的阅读与表达，引导考生提高思辨能力，扩大视野。 Passage1 【新动向】（2026 北京市朝阳区 期末） Think about the toughest period of your life. The time you felt most lost, most challenged, most broken. It probably felt like an impassible wall, a dead end. But what if that wall was actually a doorway? What if the struggle itself was the very thing you needed to grow? There’s a beautiful, ancient Latin phrase that expresses this idea perfectly: Ad Astra per Aspera. It translates to ”a tough road leads to the stars,“ and it is one of the most powerful and inspiring philosophical ideas ever packed into four little words. This phrase isn’t some modern, feel-good statement. It’s old. Really old. It’s been adopted as a motto by countless families, cities, and even used by space programs, which is beautifully literal. The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. Let’s break it down. The “Aspera” part means “hardships” or “difficulties”. This isn’t just about minor inconveniences. It refers to the real, painful struggles of life-failure, loss, and doubt. Our modern culture often teaches us to avoid pain at all costs, to seek the smoothest, easiest path. But “Ad Astra per Aspera” challenges that view. It suggests that the “Aspera” is not a detour(绕道) from the path; it is the path. The “Astra” part of the phrase means “the stars”. The stars represent your biggest dreams, and your best self. It could be a specific goal, like starting a business or healing a relationship. Or it could be a state of being, like finding peace, wisdom, or purpose. The beauty of the phrase is that “the stars” are personal to you, but the message is universal: The journey to the stars is not a flight; it’s a climb up a jagged(崎岖的) mountain. 40. What does the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” literally mean? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why has the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” lasted for centuries? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can “Aspera” lead you to “Astra”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. A tough road leads to the stars. 41. Because it speaks to a fundamental truth that greatness is not born from comfort. 42. The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal Explanation: According to the passage, the message of the phrase is universal, but “the stars” (Astra) are personal to each person. 43. Aspera refers to real life struggles. They are not detours but the necessary path that leads us to our biggest dreams and best selves. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要阐释拉丁谚语“Ad Astra per Aspera”的含义，点明磨难是实现梦想、成就自我的必经之路。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It translates to ”a tough road leads to the stars,“ and it is one of the most powerful and inspiring philosophical ideas ever packed into four little words.(它的意思是 “艰难之路，通往星辰”，也是浓缩在这区区四个单词里、最具力量与感召力的哲学理念之一)”可知，“Ad Astra per Aspera”的字面意思是“艰难之路，通往星辰”。故填A tough road leads to the stars. 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort(这句格言流传了数个世纪，因为它道出了一个基本真理：伟大并非源于安逸)”可知，该谚语流传数世纪的原因是它道出了“伟大并非源于安逸”这一基本真理。故填Because it speaks to a fundamental truth that greatness is not born from comfort. 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The beauty of the phrase is that ‘the stars’ are personal to you, but the message is universal(这句格言的精妙之处在于，“星辰” 的含义因人而异，但它传递的道理却具有普适性)”可知，“Astra”（即 the stars）是具有个体独特性的，并非普世的，只有传递的道理是普世的。故填both its message and the “Astra” are universal Explanation: According to the passage, the message of the phrase is universal, but “the stars” (Astra) are personal to each person. 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Let’s break it down. The “Aspera” part means “hardships” or “difficulties”. This isn’t just about minor inconveniences. It refers to the real, painful struggles of life-failure, loss, and doubt. Our modern culture often teaches us to avoid pain at all costs, to seek the smoothest, easiest path. But “Ad Astra per Aspera” challenges that view. It suggests that the “Aspera” is not a detour from the path; it is the path.(我们来拆解一下这句话的含义。Aspera一词代表着 “重重磨难” 或 “种种困境”。这绝非指那些微不足道的小麻烦，而是指人生中真切而痛苦的挣扎 —— 失败、失去与迷茫。现代社会的主流观念往往告诫我们要不惜一切代价规避痛苦，去追寻那条最平坦、最轻松的捷径。但拉丁语格言 “Ad Astra per Aspera” 却对这种观念提出了质疑。它昭示着这样一个道理：磨难并非通往目标之路上的绕行歧途，而是这条路本身)”和第四段的“The stars represent your biggest dreams, and your best self. (星辰象征着你最远大的梦想，以及你最理想的自我模样)”可知，“Aspera”是人生的艰难困苦，它不是实现理想的阻碍，而是必经之路，能引导人们走向梦想和更好的自己。故填Aspera refers to life’s real struggles. It is not a detour but the very path that helps us grow and finally reach our biggest dreams and best selves. Passage2 【新考向】（2026·北京市丰台区·期末） Last year, when Andre Rouhani and Gabriela Reyes toured Culdesac Tempe, a rental development outside of Phoenix, the place looked pretty sweet. It had pleasant walkways, unique shops, and low white buildings. The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. The couple had a baby on the way. “Long story short, we decided that all the pros outweigh the cons. It’s the best place I’ve ever lived,” Mr. Rouhani said. Modeled on towns in Italy and Greece, Culdesac Tempe is what its developer, Ryan Johnson, calls the country’s first neighborhood purposely built to be car free. Mr. Johnson said he wanted to offer a blueprint for living in a walkable place, even in a car-centric state. “This is completely different from the modern, conventional approach to development. It is a very big deal,” said Mr. Johnson. Culdesac’s buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. “The pedestrian is the primary person,” said Alexandra Vondeling, the lead architect. While there’s a short-term parking lot for deliveries and guests, residents are expected to get around by the nearby light-rail system, buses and electric bikes. Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. “We really feel supported and loved here,” he said. “It’s one of the best things we can do for climate, health and low cost of living, even low cost of government,” said Mr. Johnson, who lives at Culdesac, too. “It’s also a better lifestyle.” 40. Why was Andre Rouhani surprised when he first visited Culdesac Tempe? _______________________________________________ 41. What design features help Culdesac Tempe to adapt to the desert climate? _______________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Living in a place without cars, residents in Culdesac Tempe have limited social life. _______________________________________________ 43. How would you design your community as Ryan Johnson did to make it a better place to live in? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because he was told that there was no resident parking in Culdesac Tempe. 41. The buildings are painted bright white to reflect heat, arranged to maximize shade and built with narrow pathways to encourage breezes. 42. False part: have limited social life According to the passage, living in a car-free place means a slower pace and more opportunities for connection. Mr. Rouhani received help and care from his neighbours after his daughter was born, which proves residents there have a rich social life. 43. I will build a car-free community with walkways and public spaces, paint buildings heat-reflective colors and provide convenient public transport for residents. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国首个无车社区Culdesac Tempe的设计特点、生活模式及居民的居住体验。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. (唯一让鲁哈尼先生感到惊讶的是，当他询问居民停车位时，得到的答复是这里根本没有停车位。)”可知，他感到惊讶的原因是这个社区没有居民停车位。故答案为：Because he was told that there was no resident parking there. 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Culdesac’ buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. (Culdesac的建筑专为沙漠气候设计，外墙被漆成亮白色以反射热量。由于不需要设置居民停车位，建筑师们合理布局建筑以最大化遮阳效果，并修建狭窄的小径来促进空气流通。)”可知，该社区适应沙漠气候的设计特点有三点。故答案为：The buildings are painted bright white to reflect heat, arranged to maximize shade and built with narrow pathways to encourage breezes. 【42题详解】 细节判断题。根据第六段中的“Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. (鲁哈尼先生说，住在没有汽车的地方意味着生活节奏更慢，人与人之间有更多交流的机会。在他们女儿出生后的几天里，有三位邻居送来了饭菜、饼干，还主动提出帮他们采购日用品。)”可知，无车社区的居民社交生活更丰富，而非受限。需划出的错误部分：have limited social life. According to the passage, living in a car-free place means a slower pace and more opportunities for connection, and Mr. Rouhani got help and care from his neighbours, which shows residents there have a rich social life. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。我将打造一个无车社区，配套建设步行道与公共活动区域，为建筑外立面涂刷热反射涂料，并为居民提供便捷的公共交通服务。故答案为：I will build a car-free community with walkways and public spaces, paint buildings heat-reflective colors and provide convenient public transport for residents. Passage3 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末） With climate change and rapid urbanization, many cities are at the serious risk of flooding. To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the “sponge city” concept — an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. How do sponge cities work? These cities combine sustainable technologies and functional landscaping, including pavements that allow water to go down into the ground; urban parks and green spaces that act as places to hold water during heavy rain and as recreational zones during dry periods; urban wetlands that naturally filter water and promote biodiversity; waterways and channels that are linked together to efficiently transport and store water. All these elements transform the urban landscape into a “sponge” capable of absorbing and releasing water according to climate conditions. The benefits of the sponge city approach are diverse. Beyond its primary function of reducing flood risk and easing pressure on drainage systems, this strategy significantly enhances urban livability. How is this possible? It creates extensive green zones that expand healthy public spaces for recreation, improve air quality, and support increased urban biodiversity. This urban planning model has achieved widespread international recognition. In China, it was officially adopted as a nationwide policy in 2014, with cities like Wuhan and Beijing leading implementation efforts. Following devastating floods of a 2011 storm, the city of Copenhagen launched its own sponge city transformation plan. Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施) elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city’s extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. The sponge city strategy signals a smarter way forward in city-building: greener, more resilient, and matched to today’s environmental challenges. At its core, it’s more than a fix for climate chaos — it’s an investment in the well-being of future generations. 40. According to the passage, what does the “sponge city” concept refer to? ________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the benefits of the sponge city approach? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. ________________________________________________________________ 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) would you propose to make your city more livable? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 41. It reduces flood risk, eases pressure on drainage systems, and enhances urban livability. 42. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves redesigning and making use of its canal network. 43. We can optimize public transport to cut traffic jams and pollution, add community facilities like small libraries, and promote garbage classification to protect the urban ecological environment. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为应对气候变化与快速城市化引发的洪水风险，中国提出海绵城市概念，阐述其运作方式、多重益处及中丹等国的应用实践，彰显其绿色韧性的城市建设价值。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the “sponge city” concept — an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams.( 为了解决这个问题，中国研究人员首先提出了“海绵城市”概念——一种利用自然可持续管理水资源的城市规划策略，减少了对混凝土管道和水坝的依赖)”可知，海绵城市指的是一种城市规划策略，利用自然来可持续地管理水资源，减少对混凝土管道和水坝的依赖。故答案为It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Beyond its primary function of reducing flood risk and easing pressure on drainage systems, this strategy significantly enhances urban livability. It creates extensive green zones that expand healthy public spaces for recreation, improve air quality, and support increased urban biodiversity.(除了降低洪水风险和缓解排水系统压力的主要功能外，该策略还显著提升了城市宜居性。它创造了广阔的绿地，扩大了健康的休闲公共空间，改善了空气质量，并支持了城市生物多样性的增加。)”可知，海绵城市模式降低了洪水风险，减轻了排水系统的压力，提高了城市的宜居性。故答案为It reduces flood risk, eases pressure on drainage systems, and enhances urban livability. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段“Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施) elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city’s extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. (该战略的基础是绿色基础设施要素，如重新设计的公园，在暴雨期间充当蓄水池，以及蓝色基础设施，如该市广泛的运河网络，用于引导和储存多余的水)”可知，哥本哈根的海绵城市转型计划涉及重新设计和利用其运河网络。故答案为The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves redesigning and making use of its canal network. 【43题详解】 考查开放性表达。要求围绕“让城市更宜居”提出文章未提及的方法，答案不唯一，合理即可。我们可以优化公共交通，减少交通堵塞和污染，增加小型图书馆等社区设施，推广垃圾分类，保护城市生态环境。故答案为We can optimize public transport to cut traffic jams and pollution, add community facilities like small libraries, and promote garbage classification to protect the urban ecological environment. Passage 4 【新语境】（2026 北京市石景山 期末） On Lin’s shelf stands a plain white ceramic mug (陶瓷杯). At first glance it seems ordinary, yet it quietly carries the story of her friendship with Hana. They met in Grade Three, when Hana transferred to Lin’s school. On her first day, Hana forgot her water bottle. At lunchtime, Lin shyly pushed a new mug across the desk and murmured, “You can use mine.” From then on, they did homework together, shared secrets and gradually became inseparable. In senior high, things changed. Lin joined the student union and was constantly busy with meetings and events. Hana felt increasingly left out. One weekend, Hana went to Lin’s home, determined to talk seriously. Their conversation, however, quickly turned into a heated argument. As Hana stood up, her hand hit the shelf. The white mug fell and shattered (破碎) on the floor. Shaken, Hana gathered the pieces with trembling fingers. Hurt and speechless, Hana took the broken pieces with her and left. From that day on, they barely spoke. Months later, on Lin’s seventeenth birthday, memories of their shared laughter returned, leaving an unexpected ache in her chest. Just then, the doorbell rang. To her surprise, Hana was standing there with a small paper bag. After she left, Lin opened the bag. Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken, and a small card: “I’m sorry. I know I can’t bring back the old mug, but I hope we can start again. If you still need a friend, I’m here.” Holding the mug, Lin finally smiled. 40. Why did Lin push Hana a mug when they first met? ________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What did Hana do when she felt left out? ________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. ________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “friendship”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40 Because Hana forgot her water bottle on her first day of transferring to Lin’s school. 41. She went to Lin’s home one weekend and wanted to have a serious talk with Lin. 42. On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. Explanation: Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken. 43. Friendship may have conflicts, but sincere apologies and willingness to reconcile can help repair the broken relationship. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述林和哈娜因一只陶瓷杯串联起的友谊破裂与重归于好的故事。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “They met in Grade Three, when Hana transferred to Lin’s school. On her first day, Hana forgot her water bottle. At lunchtime, Lin shyly pushed a new mug across the desk (她们在三年级相识，那时哈娜转学到了林的学校。开学第一天，哈娜忘了带水壶。午饭时，林害羞地把一个新杯子推到了桌子对面).” 可知，林给哈娜递杯子的原因是哈娜转学第一天忘带水壶。故填Because Hana forgot her water bottle on her first day of transferring to Lin’s school. 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Hana felt increasingly left out. One weekend, Hana went to Lin’s home, determined to talk seriously (哈娜越来越觉得被冷落。一个周末，哈娜去了林的家，决心要好好谈一谈).” 可知，哈娜感到被冷落之后的做法是周末去林家，打算和林认真谈一次。故填She went to Lin’s home one weekend and wanted to have a serious talk with Lin. 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken (袋子里是一个白色的陶瓷杯，和之前打碎的那个一模一样).” 可知，林收到的是一个和打碎的杯子一模一样的新杯子，并非之前被打碎的那一个。故答案为On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. Explanation: Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。通读全文可知，林和哈娜的友谊因忙碌产生隔阂、因争吵破裂，又因哈娜的道歉和新杯子重归于好。由此可总结出友谊的道理：友谊或许会有矛盾，但真诚的歉意和想要和好的心意能修复破裂的关系。故填Friendship may have conflicts, but sincere apologies and willingness to reconcile can help repair the broken relationship. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 猜押专题05阅读与表达（话题+体裁） 年份 试卷 类型 体裁 主题 话题 考点分布 押题依据 2025年 北京卷 议论文 发挥想象力，勇敢尝试 主要讲述了Mark Lee和Sally Carter两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力，勇敢尝试。 细节理解题2个，判断推理题1个，开放性试题1个 40.细节理解题 41.细节理解题 42.判断推理题43.开放性试题 通过对三年北京高考阅读与表达的研究，我们发现：1.文章多为记叙文或者说明文；2.文章词数260-280之间；3.主题聚焦亲情友情、品格修养、人性抉择、成长蜕变、人生哲理等主题，传递正能量与正确价值观，贴合立德树人的课标要求；4.阅读与表达的考查主要涉及以下几个方面：一是细节理解题，占比最高，考查原文信息定位、抓取与同义转换能力，设问围绕人物、事件、数据等关键信息，答案可从文中直接查找或简单改写；二是判断推理题，侧重深层理解，要求结合上下文推断人物情感、性格、行为动机判断的正误，并且找到错误的依据；三是开放性表达题，要求结合文本内容与自身经历谈看法、评价人物、阐述启示，注重观点明确、逻辑连贯、语言规范，体现思辨能力。 综上所述，我们对2026年北京高考做了如下押题预测：以话题为主线，兼顾体裁，关注几个类别： 1.叙事哲理题 2.说明哲理题 2024年 北京卷 记叙文 独立与合作 讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 细节理解题2个，判断推理题1个，开放性试题1个 40.细节理解题 41.细节理解题 42.判断推理题43.开放性试题 2023年 北京卷 说明文 建立良好习惯 习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 细节理解题2个，判断推理题1个，开放性试题1个 40.细节理解题 41.细节理解题 42.判断推理题43.开放性试题 考点1叙事哲理题 【新动向】（2026 北京市西城区 期末） As a freshman, I had no idea how to become a scientist. The process felt cloudy and overwhelming. But things began to change after my first meeting with the professor who became my lab supervisor. Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew. Being an advisor at my Ph.D. university seemed a great opportunity to do the same for others. I enthusiastically applied and was excited to be matched with a student. But as our first meeting drew close, uncertainty set in. What if she asks a question that I have no idea about? How could I be ready for this leadership role when I still have so far to go myself? The day of our first meeting, I was terrified. But once my student joined the call, seeming very enthusiastic about meeting me, and started to talk about herself, I had a flashback to my own college experience. I remembered struggling to handle getting into a research lab and applying to graduate school. This student was probably going through something similar— feeling both uncertainty and a fierce determination to achieve her professional goals. We ended the meeting setting some practical goals for the year, including writing her personal statement and practicing research presentations. As our sessions continued, I still went into each one, worried that I would not be prepared to solve every problem my student encountered. What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences. When I did not know the answer to an issue she raised, I was honest about it and did my best to listen, provide feedback, and allow her to determine her best course of action. Sometimes, I was there simply to provide a safe space to vent (发泄). I could help even when I did not have a solution. A few months after submitting her graduate school applications, my student sent an email thanking me for my support and guidance, which she said helped increase her confidence. She probably doesn’t know that she helped increase my confidence, too. This was a journey of mutual empowerment, making both of us stronger along the way. 40. What change did the professor bring about in the author? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How did the author and the student end their first meeting? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Give one example of your own real-life “mutual empowerment”. (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 通过故事类的叙事，从中感悟哲理，是高考阅读与表达的焦点。高考命题关注学生生活，关注他们的感悟体验，不仅考查考生的思维能力，还分析其中蕴含的道理。高考很可能以多种角度命制相关试题，所以强力推荐有关叙事类哲理的阅读与表达。 考点2说明哲理题 【新动向】（2026 北京市东城区 期末） History is full of stories suggesting that scientific breakthroughs happen suddenly, in a flash of inspiration. Perhaps the most famous of these concerns Isaac Newton, a physicist, who was supposedly sitting under a tree in his mother’s garden when an apple fell on his head. Thanks to this, Newton came up with his theory of gravity. Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to—how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him. “Eureka” he reportedly declared, which means “I’ve found it” in Ancient Greek. Apparently, he was so excited by his discovery, which became very influential, that he jumped out of the bathtub and ran into the street to tell everyone! These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. Recent studies suggest that effective problem-solving often requires two types of attention. The first stage is analytical thinking, which involves paying close attention to detail. This stage may take years or even decades. But there comes a point when we must step away from the problem and give it space and time. And it’s during this less focused stage, when we’re in the bathtub, or under an apple tree, that our “Eureka moments” are more likely to come. 40. When did Archimedes find the solution to the problem he was struggling with? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What do the two stories have in common? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what else contributes to problem-solving? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 通过说明有哲理的现象，帮助人们提高思维能力，是高考命题的方向。高考很可能以多种角度命制相关试题，所以强力推荐有关说明哲理类的阅读与表达，引导考生提高思辨能力，扩大视野。 Passage1 【新动向】（2026 北京市朝阳区 期末） Think about the toughest period of your life. The time you felt most lost, most challenged, most broken. It probably felt like an impassible wall, a dead end. But what if that wall was actually a doorway? What if the struggle itself was the very thing you needed to grow? There’s a beautiful, ancient Latin phrase that expresses this idea perfectly: Ad Astra per Aspera. It translates to ”a tough road leads to the stars,“ and it is one of the most powerful and inspiring philosophical ideas ever packed into four little words. This phrase isn’t some modern, feel-good statement. It’s old. Really old. It’s been adopted as a motto by countless families, cities, and even used by space programs, which is beautifully literal. The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. Let’s break it down. The “Aspera” part means “hardships” or “difficulties”. This isn’t just about minor inconveniences. It refers to the real, painful struggles of life-failure, loss, and doubt. Our modern culture often teaches us to avoid pain at all costs, to seek the smoothest, easiest path. But “Ad Astra per Aspera” challenges that view. It suggests that the “Aspera” is not a detour(绕道) from the path; it is the path. The “Astra” part of the phrase means “the stars”. The stars represent your biggest dreams, and your best self. It could be a specific goal, like starting a business or healing a relationship. Or it could be a state of being, like finding peace, wisdom, or purpose. The beauty of the phrase is that “the stars” are personal to you, but the message is universal: The journey to the stars is not a flight; it’s a climb up a jagged(崎岖的) mountain. 40. What does the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” literally mean? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why has the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” lasted for centuries? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can “Aspera” lead you to “Astra”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Passage2 【新考向】（2026·北京市丰台区·期末） Last year, when Andre Rouhani and Gabriela Reyes toured Culdesac Tempe, a rental development outside of Phoenix, the place looked pretty sweet. It had pleasant walkways, unique shops, and low white buildings. The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. The couple had a baby on the way. “Long story short, we decided that all the pros outweigh the cons. It’s the best place I’ve ever lived,” Mr. Rouhani said. Modeled on towns in Italy and Greece, Culdesac Tempe is what its developer, Ryan Johnson, calls the country’s first neighborhood purposely built to be car free. Mr. Johnson said he wanted to offer a blueprint for living in a walkable place, even in a car-centric state. “This is completely different from the modern, conventional approach to development. It is a very big deal,” said Mr. Johnson. Culdesac’s buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. “The pedestrian is the primary person,” said Alexandra Vondeling, the lead architect. While there’s a short-term parking lot for deliveries and guests, residents are expected to get around by the nearby light-rail system, buses and electric bikes. Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. “We really feel supported and loved here,” he said. “It’s one of the best things we can do for climate, health and low cost of living, even low cost of government,” said Mr. Johnson, who lives at Culdesac, too. “It’s also a better lifestyle.” 40. Why was Andre Rouhani surprised when he first visited Culdesac Tempe? _______________________________________________ 41. What design features help Culdesac Tempe to adapt to the desert climate? _______________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Living in a place without cars, residents in Culdesac Tempe have limited social life. _______________________________________________ 43. How would you design your community as Ryan Johnson did to make it a better place to live in? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________ Passage3 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末） With climate change and rapid urbanization, many cities are at the serious risk of flooding. To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the “sponge city” concept — an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. How do sponge cities work? These cities combine sustainable technologies and functional landscaping, including pavements that allow water to go down into the ground; urban parks and green spaces that act as places to hold water during heavy rain and as recreational zones during dry periods; urban wetlands that naturally filter water and promote biodiversity; waterways and channels that are linked together to efficiently transport and store water. All these elements transform the urban landscape into a “sponge” capable of absorbing and releasing water according to climate conditions. The benefits of the sponge city approach are diverse. Beyond its primary function of reducing flood risk and easing pressure on drainage systems, this strategy significantly enhances urban livability. How is this possible? It creates extensive green zones that expand healthy public spaces for recreation, improve air quality, and support increased urban biodiversity. This urban planning model has achieved widespread international recognition. In China, it was officially adopted as a nationwide policy in 2014, with cities like Wuhan and Beijing leading implementation efforts. Following devastating floods of a 2011 storm, the city of Copenhagen launched its own sponge city transformation plan. Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施) elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city’s extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. The sponge city strategy signals a smarter way forward in city-building: greener, more resilient, and matched to today’s environmental challenges. At its core, it’s more than a fix for climate chaos — it’s an investment in the well-being of future generations. 40. According to the passage, what does the “sponge city” concept refer to? ________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the benefits of the sponge city approach? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. ________________________________________________________________ 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) would you propose to make your city more livable? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 【新语境】（2026 北京市石景山 期末） On Lin’s shelf stands a plain white ceramic mug (陶瓷杯). At first glance it seems ordinary, yet it quietly carries the story of her friendship with Hana. They met in Grade Three, when Hana transferred to Lin’s school. On her first day, Hana forgot her water bottle. At lunchtime, Lin shyly pushed a new mug across the desk and murmured, “You can use mine.” From then on, they did homework together, shared secrets and gradually became inseparable. In senior high, things changed. Lin joined the student union and was constantly busy with meetings and events. Hana felt increasingly left out. One weekend, Hana went to Lin’s home, determined to talk seriously. Their conversation, however, quickly turned into a heated argument. As Hana stood up, her hand hit the shelf. The white mug fell and shattered (破碎) on the floor. Shaken, Hana gathered the pieces with trembling fingers. Hurt and speechless, Hana took the broken pieces with her and left. From that day on, they barely spoke. Months later, on Lin’s seventeenth birthday, memories of their shared laughter returned, leaving an unexpected ache in her chest. Just then, the doorbell rang. To her surprise, Hana was standing there with a small paper bag. After she left, Lin opened the bag. Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken, and a small card: “I’m sorry. I know I can’t bring back the old mug, but I hope we can start again. If you still need a friend, I’m here.” Holding the mug, Lin finally smiled. 40. Why did Lin push Hana a mug when they first met? ________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What did Hana do when she felt left out? ________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. ________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “friendship”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $