Unit3 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语外研版必修第三册

外研必修第三册Unit 3 The World of Science Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（导学案） 1. 掌握 Unit 3 Period 3 中与科学实验和发明相关的核心词汇及表达。 √ 单词：experiment, scientist, invention, technology, result √ 短语：be amazed at, be inspired by, lead to, contribute to √ 句型：People are inspired by scientific discoveries. 2. 能够理解说明性语篇的主要内容及作者观点。 √ 把握文章围绕“实验过程—真实性质疑—科学精神”展开的结构 √ 理解作者对科学实验真实性的态度及表达方式 3. 提升阅读理解与信息整合能力。 √ 学会通过预测、略读和细读获取关键信息 √ 能根据文本内容进行判断、排序和概括 4. 在科学主题语境下发展思维与表达能力。 √ 理解“科学探究与理性思考”的重要性 √ 能围绕科学实验和发明进行讨论并表达个人观点 √ 能用简单英语描述实验过程或表达对科学现象的看法 1、 词性转换 1. ________ adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→________ v. 变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊，(使)看不清 2. ________ n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→________ v. (使)分开，分散，分割，分成；分配 3. ________ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→________ adj.迫切的，紧急的 4. ________ vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→________ n. 爆炸 5. ________ vt.使震惊；使昏迷→________ adj.震惊的；惊讶的 6. ________ n. 泥；泥浆→________ adj.泥泞的 7. ________ n. 预约；约会；委任→________ v. 任命；委任；安排 8. ________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→________ n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行；有罪 9. ________ vt.表明；宣称；公布→________ n. 公告；宣言；声明 10. ________ adj.每周的 n. 周刊→________ n. 星期 11. ________ vt.计算；核算；预测→________ n. 计算 Part 1 Developing ideas 【知识梳理1】experiment / scientific experiment experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验 语境说明 在本课中，Franklin 的风筝实验是核心内容。通过该实验，学生理解“科学探究”的基本过程（问题—实验—结论），并思考实验真实性与科学精神的关系。 【常用搭配】 do/carry out an experiment 做实验 scientific experiment 科学实验 experiment with sth 用……做实验 the result of an experiment 实验结果 【即学即练】 1. Scientists often __________ experiments to test their ideas. 2. He is doing an experiment __________ electricity. 3. 这个实验的结果令人惊讶。 The result of the experiment __________________________. 【知识梳理2】be amazed at / be inspired by 语境说明 文章中提到人们对Franklin实验的态度变化：从“惊讶与敬佩”到“质疑”，体现科学认知的发展过程。 【常用搭配】 be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶 be inspired by 受到……启发 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 an inspiring story 一个鼓舞人心的故事 【即学即练】 1. People were amazed ________ Franklin’s experiment. 2. Many young students are inspired ________ great scientists. 3. 这个故事激励我努力学习科学。 The story __________________________ study science. 【知识梳理3】question the truth / scientific thinking 语境说明 本文标题“How much is true?”强调：科学不仅是发现，更是质疑。学生需要理解“不要盲目相信”的科学思维。 【常用搭配】 question the truth 质疑真实性 scientific thinking 科学思维 find out the truth 查明真相 prove sth to be true 证明……是真的 【即学即练】 1. Scientists often __________ the truth of a story. 2. We should develop __________ thinking in our study. 3. 我们应该努力找出事情的真相。 We should try to __________________________. Part 2 Presenting ideas & Language focus 【知识梳理4】现在完成时被动语态（has been done） 语境说明 文本中多次使用现在完成时被动（如 has been used / has been invented），强调“发明的持续影响”，这是本课语法重点。 【结构总结】 has/have + been + done 【常用搭配】 has been invented 已被发明 has been used 被使用 has been improved 被改进 has been developed 被发展 【即学即练】 1. The telephone __________________ (invent) for many years. 2. Many new technologies __________________ (develop) in recent years. 3. 这种技术已经被广泛应用。 This technology __________________________. 【知识梳理5】scientist / inventor / invention 语境说明 本课通过Franklin引出“多重身份”（scientist / inventor），帮助学生理解“学科与职业”的关系。 【常用搭配】 a great scientist 一位伟大的科学家 an inventor of … ……的发明者 make an invention 发明 important inventions 重要发明 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. Franklin was not only a scientist but also an __________. 2. Edison made many important __________. 3. 科学家为社会做出了巨大贡献。 Scientists __________________________ society. 【知识梳理6】lead to / change the way 语境说明 文本强调“发明改变生活”，学生需要掌握表达“影响与结果”的核心结构。 【常用搭配】 lead to 导致 change the way 改变方式 improve our life 改善生活 contribute to 促进 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. New inventions can __________ great changes in our life. 2. The Internet has changed the way we __________. 3. 科技的发展改善了我们的生活。 Technology __________________________. 【知识梳理7】观点表达（口语输出核心） 语境说明 本课后半部分大量涉及讨论与展示（Think & Share），学生需要学会表达观点、理由和总结。 【常用句型】 I think / In my opinion … I believe that … The reason is that … In my view … To sum up … 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1.I think we should not always believe everything we hear because __________. 2. In my opinion, a great scientist should __________. 3. 用英语表达：我认为科学精神比故事本身更重要。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.  I told Gunter where I was going, but he looked ________(entire) confused, not knowing what I meant. 2. A survey about students’ after-school activities ________ (conduct) by the research team when I visited the education center. 3. She ________ (attach) great importance to her children’s education since they were very young. 4. Over the past centuries, they ________ (carry) the stories and traditions of the Yi people. 5. The expert explained the economic policy ________ (scientific) to the public. 6. The movie was shot _________ (entire) on location in Italy. 7. Moreover, there is scientific ________ (prove) that using chopsticks does us a lot of good, like increasing finger flexibility, improving eyesight, helping us lose weight and making us smarter. 8. In 1863, President Lincoln issued a ________ (declare) calling for the last Thursday of November to be observed as a day of Thanksgiving. 9. The job market has changed and our approaches to ________ (find) work must change as well.  10. Either you or I _________ (be) going there tomorrow. 二、语法填空 Tsinghua University announced on October 18 that Yang Zhenning,     1     world-renowned physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing at the age of 103 due to illness.  Born in 1922, Yang spent his childhood in Tsinghua Campus,     2     he earned the nickname “Big Head Yang”. He had learned 3,000 characters by age 4 and could recite ancient Chinese classics     3     (fluent) as a child. At 12, after     4     (read) a book about the universe, he told his parents he would win the Nobel Prize someday — a bold dream that came true.  His     5     (science) achievements reshaped physics. In 1957, he and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering “parity non-conservation” in weak interactions,     6     (become) China’s first physics Nobel laureates. His 1954 “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory” was even more influential — it laid the foundation for understanding fundamental particles,     7     six later Nobel winners building on his work.  Yang loved his country deeply. In 1971, he became the first major Chinese scholar to visit China after Sino-U. S. (中美) relations thawed, bridging academic exchanges. Since 1999, he     8     (teach) at Tsinghua, even lecturing freshmen. It is his     9     (curious) and dedication to research     10    inspire us to love learning lifelong. 三、阅读理解 As the world’s use of renewable electricity rockets, the need to store that energy when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing is growing in step. While some turn to lithium batteries (锂电池) and others to pumped hydro (抽水蓄能), a small but growing industry is convinced there’s a better solution still: batteries that rely on air.  Highview Power, an energy storage firm, is confident that liquid air energy storage will make it easier for countries to replace fossil fuels with clean renewable energy — though at present, the technology is expensive. But as the need for clean energy storage grows, they’re betting the balance will tip in favour of liquid air.  Switching to renewable energy is essential. But doing so poses challenges for electricity grids (电网). Power plants that burn fossil fuels like coal and gas can be turned on and off largely at will, offering a predictable supply of electricity that can be matched to demand. In contrast, renewables are intermittent. In other words, sometimes there isn’t enough electricity being generated, risking power cuts, and sometimes there is too much — such as on very windy days — which could damage the grid.  A big part of the solution is to store the surplus energy so that it can be released when needed. This helps ensure a reliable supply and reduce the risk of damage to the grid. For decades, the main form of energy storage has been pumped hydro. More recently, large-scale battery storage systems have been built, which is a relatively new technology on the block.  Experts believe that liquid air storage, along with batteries and pumped hydro, will form a diverse energy storage system essential for the global green transition. Each technology has unique strengths, and together they will help rebuild electricity grids worldwide to accommodate renewable energy sources. 1. What is a potential challenge of liquid air energy storage? A．High cost. B．Small scale. C．Weather conditions. D．Outdated technology. 2. Why are fossil fuels mentioned in Para.3? A．To highlight their low cost. B．To explain their production process. C．To show the inflexibility of green energy. D．To stress the necessity of renewable energy. 3. What does the underlined word “surplus” in Para.4 most likely mean? A．Sufficient. B．Traditional. C．reliable. D．Extra. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Electricity grids will remain stable. B．Different technologies will team up. C．Liquid air storage will take the lead. D．renewable energies will be affordable. 一、阅读理解 A You’ve arrived at a party, but you don’t see anyone you know. Who should you talk to? You put on a special pair of glasses and look at the people again. Now, you see information about each person on their faces or chests — their jobs, interests, even the friends you have in common. Then, you approach someone who shares a lot with you. Can you buy these special glasses right now? Negative. But a technology called augmented reality (AR) may make them readily available soon. Augment means to “add to something or expand something.” So, augmented reality is an expanded reality. AR adds pictures, sounds, text, and other information which comes from computer software to the real world. Some forms of AR are already in use. When you watch a sport such as soccer, you can see the score and the amount of playing time on the TV screen. In addition, the TV producers often draw circles or lines on it to more clearly illustrate something. Doctors use a more complex type of AR. They can project an MRI (核磁共振) scan of a person’s head onto the head itself. Then, while they are performing an operation, the doctors can look at the MRI scan on the patient’s head. Today, the most accessible (可使用的) form of AR is through smartphone applications. Smartphone AR uses your phone’s GPS software. Imagine you’re walking down the street trying to decide where to eat. Just hold your phone up to a street with restaurants and your phone will show you reviews, menu items, and prices. Shoppers who point their phones at an item in a store can get information on the price and quality — even the same product at other stores. In the future, we probably won’t use cell phone screens to see augmented reality. A pair of glasses might be all we need. This is an exciting idea, but there are some concerns. Some people worry that AR might produce too much information that can be confusing. Others worry that people might get so addicted that they would prefer augmented reality to actual reality. However, there is no question that AR is here to stay. Soon, everyone will have access to it and people will learn to get used to it. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By solving a problem. D．By describing a scene. 2. What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To show how AR is first developed. B．To explain what AR is and how it works. C．To discuss why AR glasses cannot be bought now. D．To tell the differences between AR and the real world. 3. What can we learn about AR from the text? A．It is more useful in hospital than in other fields. B．TV producers has already used it for drama programs. C．Most personal use of AR is through special glasses so far. D．Smartphone-based AR needs to know your location to work. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward AR? A．Consistent. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. B Humans are now skilled at altering (改变) life’s basic building blocks. Genetically modified (修改的) food is widely available, and gene-editing tools help create new medicines. Increasingly, scientists are exploring how these tools might also help protect nature — for example, by developing corals that survive in warmer oceans or plants resistant to disease. Recently, a major conservation group discussed whether gene-edited plants and animals should be released into the wild. Central to the debate is a proposed temporary ban on releasing such organisms. Supporters urge caution, arguing that the risks and the outcome are unknown. On the other side, many scientists and conservationists believe all tools should be considered to slow species extinction, including genetic engineering of living cells. “We face a biodiversity crisis and a climate crisis,” said one policy expert. “We must use every tool to prevent ecosystems from collapsing further.” Although such a ban would not necessarily take effect, experts warn it could still affect research by making institutions and funders more hesitant. “Everyone cares about reputation,” noted one science nonprofit leader. A ban from a respected international body could weaken support for related studies. About one million species risk extinction, largely due to human activity. Some researchers see gene-editing as a way to intervene positively. The Australian biologist, Robert Smith, for instance, is editing frog genes to resist a deadly fungus (真菌). “The science isn’t the hard part,” he said. “The challenge will be persuading people that it’s a good idea.” Skeptics, however, argue the technology is still unproven in complex, open environments. It is unclear whether edited species would thrive or could cause unintended harm to existing ecosystems, or how any such harm could be controlled once releases begin. This uncertainty fuels the ongoing debate. 5. What is a potential application of gene-editing in nature conservation? A．Mass production of genetically modified food. B．Developing corals that endure higher temperatures. C．Creating new medicines for human diseases. D．Banning the release of any edited organisms. 6. Why could a proposed temporary ban on releasing gene-edited organisms affect research? A．It would make the technology illegal worldwide. B．It proves that the technology is too dangerous to use. C．It would immediately stop all ongoing experiments. D．It could discourage supporting institutions and funders. 7. What does the Australian biologist, Robert Smith mean by his statement? A．The technical aspects of gene-editing are already perfect. B．The main obstacle to using gene-editing is social acceptance. C．Scientists are not confident in their gene-editing skills. D．The debate about the ban is scientifically unnecessary. 8. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To argue strongly in favor of releasing gene-edited organisms into the wild. B．To explain the technical process of editing genes in frogs and corals. C．To present the debate over using gene-editing for ecosystem protection. D．To criticize conservation groups for blocking scientific progress. C Being stuck in miles of stopped traffic is not a relaxing way to start or finish a holiday. And as we move slowly along the road, many of us will fantasize a future free of traffic jams.  As a mathematician and motorist, I view traffic as a complex system, consisting of many interacting agents, including cars, trucks, cyclists and walkers. Sometimes these agents interact in a free-flowing way and at other times they simply come to a stop. All situations can be examined — and hopefully improved — using mathematical modeling. For instance, mathematical models tell us that if drivers kept within the variable speed limits on a motorway, traffic would flow consistently at, say, 50 mph.  However, we tend to drive more aggressively (激进地), speeding up as soon as the opportunity arises — and being forced to slow down moments later. The result is greater fuel consumption and a longer overall journey time. But could this change if our roads were taken over by driverless cars?  In theory, driverless cars will typically drive within the speed limits, have faster reaction times allowing them to drive closer together and will behave less randomly than humans. Choosing the best route, accounting for barriers and traffic volume (量), driverless cars will behave in a more rational (理性的) way, as they can communicate with other cars and quickly change their route or driving behavior.  Of course, even integrating driverless cars into the best modeling, we could still get to the point where there are simply too many cars on the road, and traffic jams can occur. Yet there is still potential for self-driving cars to help. Some car makers expect that eventually we will stop viewing cars as possessions and instead simply treat them as a transport service. Again, by applying mathematical modeling, we could make this shared autonomous vehicle service operate most efficiently, reducing the overall number of cars on the road. 9. What does the author think of traffic flow? A．It follows strict patterns. B．It is affected by many factors. C．It involves mathematical modeling. D．It depends heavily on drivers’ skills. 10. What is the major reason behind traffic problems? A．Poor traffic planning. B．Terrible road conditions. C．Random driving behavior. D．Unreasonable speed limits. 11. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about driverless cars? A．How they reduce fuel use. B．How they could avoid barriers. C．How they would improve traffic. D．How they may ensure road safety. 12. What might be the most striking feature of future transportation? A．Fewer private cars. B．More urban motorways. C．More efficient traffic rules. D．More intelligent navigation. 二、思维提升-观点分享 Topic: Share your ideas about scientific experiments and explain how experiments help us understand the world. Tasks 1. Think of one experiment in this lesson or in real life. Answer the following questions: a. What problem or question does it try to answer? b. What can we learn from this experiment? 2. Prepare a short oral presentation (about 30–40 seconds) and share your ideas with your partner. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tom 正在学习科学实验相关内容。他写信向你请教： 科学实验有什么作用？为什么我们不能总是相信“Seeing is believing”？ 请你根据 Unit 3 的学习内容，给他回信。 写作要点包括： ① 科学实验的作用 ② 对“Seeing is believing”的理解 二选一 1. 写三句话回答 Tom 的问题 要求： · 至少使用 3 个本单元词汇或短语 · 内容完整，意思清楚 2. 写一封完整的回信（80–100 词） 要求： · 观点清楚，结构完整 · 紧扣“科学实验与思考”的主题 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研必修第三册Unit 3 The World of Science Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（导学案） 1. 掌握 Unit 3 Period 3 中与科学实验和发明相关的核心词汇及表达。 √ 单词：experiment, scientist, invention, technology, result √ 短语：be amazed at, be inspired by, lead to, contribute to √ 句型：People are inspired by scientific discoveries. 2. 能够理解说明性语篇的主要内容及作者观点。 √ 把握文章围绕“实验过程—真实性质疑—科学精神”展开的结构 √ 理解作者对科学实验真实性的态度及表达方式 3. 提升阅读理解与信息整合能力。 √ 学会通过预测、略读和细读获取关键信息 √ 能根据文本内容进行判断、排序和概括 4. 在科学主题语境下发展思维与表达能力。 √ 理解“科学探究与理性思考”的重要性 √ 能围绕科学实验和发明进行讨论并表达个人观点 √ 能用简单英语描述实验过程或表达对科学现象的看法 1、 词性转换 1. ________ adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→________ v. 变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊，(使)看不清 2. ________ n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→________ v. (使)分开，分散，分割，分成；分配 3. ________ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→________ adj.迫切的，紧急的 4. ________ vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→________ n. 爆炸 5. ________ vt.使震惊；使昏迷→________ adj.震惊的；惊讶的 6. ________ n. 泥；泥浆→________ adj.泥泞的 7. ________ n. 预约；约会；委任→________ v. 任命；委任；安排 8. ________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→________ n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行；有罪 9. ________ vt.表明；宣称；公布→________ n. 公告；宣言；声明 10. ________ adj.每周的 n. 周刊→________ n. 星期 11. ________ vt.计算；核算；预测→________ n. 计算 【答案】 【小题1】 blurred blur 【小题2】 division divide 【小题3】 urge urgent 【小题4】 explode explosion 【小题5】 stun stunned 【小题6】 mud muddy 【小题7】 appointment appoint 【小题8】 guilty guilt 【小题9】 declare declaration 【小题10】 weekly week 【小题11】 calculate calculation Part 1 Developing ideas 【知识梳理1】experiment / scientific experiment experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验 语境说明 在本课中，Franklin 的风筝实验是核心内容。通过该实验，学生理解“科学探究”的基本过程（问题—实验—结论），并思考实验真实性与科学精神的关系。 【常用搭配】 do/carry out an experiment 做实验 scientific experiment 科学实验 experiment with sth 用……做实验 the result of an experiment 实验结果 【即学即练】 1. Scientists often __________ experiments to test their ideas. 2. He is doing an experiment __________ electricity. 3. 这个实验的结果令人惊讶。 The result of the experiment __________________________. 【答案】1. carry out / do 2.with 3.is surprising / is amazing 【知识梳理2】be amazed at / be inspired by 语境说明 文章中提到人们对Franklin实验的态度变化：从“惊讶与敬佩”到“质疑”，体现科学认知的发展过程。 【常用搭配】 be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶 be inspired by 受到……启发 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 an inspiring story 一个鼓舞人心的故事 【即学即练】 1. People were amazed ________ Franklin’s experiment. 2. Many young students are inspired ________ great scientists. 3. 这个故事激励我努力学习科学。 The story __________________________ study science. 【答案】1.at/by 2. by 3. inspires me to 【知识梳理3】question the truth / scientific thinking 语境说明 本文标题“How much is true?”强调：科学不仅是发现，更是质疑。学生需要理解“不要盲目相信”的科学思维。 【常用搭配】 question the truth 质疑真实性 scientific thinking 科学思维 find out the truth 查明真相 prove sth to be true 证明……是真的 【即学即练】 1. Scientists often __________ the truth of a story. 2. We should develop __________ thinking in our study. 3. 我们应该努力找出事情的真相。 We should try to __________________________. 【答案】1. question 2.scientific 3. find out the truth Part 2 Presenting ideas & Language focus 【知识梳理4】现在完成时被动语态（has been done） 语境说明 文本中多次使用现在完成时被动（如 has been used / has been invented），强调“发明的持续影响”，这是本课语法重点。 【结构总结】 has/have + been + done 【常用搭配】 has been invented 已被发明 has been used 被使用 has been improved 被改进 has been developed 被发展 【即学即练】 1. 1. The telephone __________________ (invent) for many years. 2. Many new technologies __________________ (develop) in recent years. 3. 这种技术已经被广泛应用。 This technology __________________________. 【答案】1. has been invented 2. have been developed 3. has been widely used 【知识梳理5】scientist / inventor / invention 语境说明 本课通过Franklin引出“多重身份”（scientist / inventor），帮助学生理解“学科与职业”的关系。 【常用搭配】 a great scientist 一位伟大的科学家 an inventor of … ……的发明者 make an invention 发明 important inventions 重要发明 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. Franklin was not only a scientist but also an __________. 2. Edison made many important __________. 3. 科学家为社会做出了巨大贡献。 Scientists __________________________ society. 【答案】1.inventor 2. inventions 3. contribute a lot to 【知识梳理6】lead to / change the way 语境说明 文本强调“发明改变生活”，学生需要掌握表达“影响与结果”的核心结构。 【常用搭配】 lead to 导致 change the way 改变方式 improve our life 改善生活 contribute to 促进 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. New inventions can __________ great changes in our life. 2. The Internet has changed the way we __________. 3. 科技的发展改善了我们的生活。 Technology __________________________. 【答案】1. lead to 2. live / communicate 3. has improved our life 【知识梳理7】观点表达（口语输出核心） 语境说明 本课后半部分大量涉及讨论与展示（Think & Share），学生需要学会表达观点、理由和总结。 【常用句型】 I think / In my opinion … I believe that … The reason is that … In my view … To sum up … 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1.I think we should not always believe everything we hear because __________. 2. In my opinion, a great scientist should __________. 3. 用英语表达：我认为科学精神比故事本身更重要。 【答案】 1. it may not be true / we need to think carefully 2. be curious / be careful / be honest 3. I think scientific spirit is more important than the story itself. 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.  I told Gunter where I was going, but he looked ________(entire) confused, not knowing what I meant. 【答案】entirely 【解析】考查副词。句意：我告诉了冈特我要去哪里，但他看起来完全困惑，不知道我是什么意思。空格处需要修饰形容词confused（困惑的），根据语法要求，形容词需由副词来修饰。entire是形容词，意为“完全的”，其对应的副词形式是entirely，表示“完全地；彻底地〞。故填entirely. 2. A survey about students’ after-school activities ________ (conduct) by the research team when I visited the education center. 【答案】was being conducted 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当我参观教育中心时，研究团队正在开展一项关于学生课后活动的调查。根据下文“when I visited the education center（当我参观教育中心的时候）”可知，本句时态可用过去进行时表示过去某个时间段正在发生的动作，又因为conduct和主语 之间是被动关系，所以用过去进行时的被动语态，即谓语动词用：be动词+being done，又因为主语A survey是第三人称单数形式，所以be动词用was。故答案为was being conducted。 3. She ________ (attach) great importance to her children’s education since they were very young. 【答案】has attached 【解析】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：从孩子们很小的时候起，她就非常重视他们的教育。根据“since they were very young”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语为三单形式。动词attach意为“赋予，认为…….具有”。故填has attached。 4. Over the past centuries, they ________ (carry) the stories and traditions of the Yi people. 【答案】have carried 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几个世纪里，它们承载着彝族人的故事和传统。时间状语“Over the past centuries”是现在完成时的标志，表示动作从过去持续到现在。主语"they"为复数，助动词用have。故填have carried。 5. The expert explained the economic policy ________ (scientific) to the public. 【答案】scientifically 【解析】考查副词。句意：专家向公众科学地解释了经济政策。本空修饰动词explained，用副词scientifically“科学地”，作状语。故填scientifically. 6. The movie was shot _________ (entire) on location in Italy. 【答案】entirely 【解析】考查副词。句意：这部电影完全是在意大利实地拍摄的。本空修饰动词shot，作状语，用副词entirely“完全地”。故填entirely。 7. Moreover, there is scientific ________ (prove) that using chopsticks does us a lot of good, like increasing finger flexibility, improving eyesight, helping us lose weight and making us smarter. 【答案】proof 【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，有科学证据表明使用筷子对我们有很多好处，比如能增强手指的灵活性、改善视力、帮助我们減轻体重以及使我们变得 更聪明。根据设空前的形容词scientific和设空后that引导的同位语从句可知，设空处应用名词形式，作there be句型的主语，prove对应的名词为proof。故填proof。 8. In 1863, President Lincoln issued a ________ (declare) calling for the last Thursday of November to be observed as a day of Thanksgiving. 【答案】declaration 【解析】考查名词。句意：1863年，林肯总统发布了一项宣言，呼吁将11月的最后一个星期四定为感恩节。提示词作宾语，用名词declaration，意为“宣言”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填declaration。 9. The job market has changed and our approaches to ________ (find) work must change as well.  【答案】finding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就业市场已经改变，我们找工作的方法也必须随之改变。根据句意可知，approach在句中用作名词，表示“方法”或“途径”时，其后常接介词to，表示“做的方法”，其后动词用动名词形式作to宾语。故填finding。 10. Either you or I _________ (be) going there tomorrow. 【答案】am 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。either…or...连接并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，即与I保持一致，故填am。 二、语法填空 Tsinghua University announced on October 18 that Yang Zhenning,     1     world-renowned physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing at the age of 103 due to illness.  Born in 1922, Yang spent his childhood in Tsinghua Campus,     2     he earned the nickname “Big Head Yang”. He had learned 3,000 characters by age 4 and could recite ancient Chinese classics     3     (fluent) as a child. At 12, after     4     (read) a book about the universe, he told his parents he would win the Nobel Prize someday — a bold dream that came true.  His     5     (science) achievements reshaped physics. In 1957, he and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering “parity non-conservation” in weak interactions,     6     (become) China’s first physics Nobel laureates. His 1954 “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory” was even more influential — it laid the foundation for understanding fundamental particles,     7     six later Nobel winners building on his work.  Yang loved his country deeply. In 1971, he became the first major Chinese scholar to visit China after Sino-U. S. (中美) relations thawed, bridging academic exchanges. Since 1999, he     8     (teach) at Tsinghua, even lecturing freshmen. It is his     9     (curious) and dedication to research     10    inspire us to love learning lifelong. 【答案】 【小题1】a 【小题2】where 【小题3】fluently 【小题4】reading 【小题5】scientific 【小题6】becoming 【小题7】with 【小题8】has been teaching 【小题9】curiosity 【小题10】that 三、阅读理解 As the world’s use of renewable electricity rockets, the need to store that energy when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing is growing in step. While some turn to lithium batteries (锂电池) and others to pumped hydro (抽水蓄能), a small but growing industry is convinced there’s a better solution still: batteries that rely on air.  Highview Power, an energy storage firm, is confident that liquid air energy storage will make it easier for countries to replace fossil fuels with clean renewable energy — though at present, the technology is expensive. But as the need for clean energy storage grows, they’re betting the balance will tip in favour of liquid air.  Switching to renewable energy is essential. But doing so poses challenges for electricity grids (电网). Power plants that burn fossil fuels like coal and gas can be turned on and off largely at will, offering a predictable supply of electricity that can be matched to demand. In contrast, renewables are intermittent. In other words, sometimes there isn’t enough electricity being generated, risking power cuts, and sometimes there is too much — such as on very windy days — which could damage the grid.  A big part of the solution is to store the surplus energy so that it can be released when needed. This helps ensure a reliable supply and reduce the risk of damage to the grid. For decades, the main form of energy storage has been pumped hydro. More recently, large-scale battery storage systems have been built, which is a relatively new technology on the block.  Experts believe that liquid air storage, along with batteries and pumped hydro, will form a diverse energy storage system essential for the global green transition. Each technology has unique strengths, and together they will help rebuild electricity grids worldwide to accommodate renewable energy sources. 1. What is a potential challenge of liquid air energy storage? A．High cost. B．Small scale. C．Weather conditions. D．Outdated technology. 2. Why are fossil fuels mentioned in Para.3? A．To highlight their low cost. B．To explain their production process. C．To show the inflexibility of green energy. D．To stress the necessity of renewable energy. 3. What does the underlined word “surplus” in Para.4 most likely mean? A．Sufficient. B．Traditional. C．reliable. D．Extra. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Electricity grids will remain stable. B．Different technologies will team up. C．Liquid air storage will take the lead. D．renewable energies will be affordable. 【答案】A C D B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述可再生能源发展推动储能需求，液态空气储能成新方向，虽现成本高但被看好，各类储能技术将协同助力全球绿色转型。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第二段“Highview Power, an energy storage firm, is confident that liquid air energy storage will make it easier for countries to replace fossil fuels with clean renewable energy — though at present, the technology is expensive. But as the need for clean energy storage grows, they’re betting the balance will tip in favour of liquid air. (Highview 电力这家储能企业坚信，液态空气储能技术能让各国更易以清洁的可再生能源替代化石燃料——尽管目前这项技术的成本仍居高不下。）”可知，液态空气储能的潜在挑战是成本高。故选A项。 【小题2】推理判断题。根据第三段“Power plants that burn fossil fuels like coal and gas can be turned on and off largely at will, offering a predictable supply of electricity that can be matched to demand. In contrast, renewables are intermittent.（燃煤、燃气这类 化石燃料发电厂的启停基本可按需操控，能提供可预测的电力供应，与用电需求精准匹配。相比之下，可再生能源的发电具有间歇性。）”可知，提及化石燃料是为了对比凸显可再生能源发电不稳定、缺乏灵活性的问题。故选C项。 【小题3】词句猜测题。根据第四段“A big part of the solution is to store the surplus energy so that it can be released when needed.（解決方案的重要一环是储存surplus能量，以便在需要时释放。）”并结合前文" In contrast, renewables are intermittent. In other words, sometimes there isn’t enough electricity being generated, risking power cuts, and sometimes there is too much — such as on very windy days — which could damage the grid.（相比之下，可再生能源的发电具有间歇性。也就是说，有时发电量不足，会有停电风险；有时 又会发电过剩——比如在风力强劲的日子里—这可能会对电网造成损害。）”可推断，“surplus”意为“多余的”.故选D项。 【小题4】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Experts believe that liquid air storage, along with batteries and pumped hydro, will form a diverse energy storage system essential for the global green transition. Each technology has unique strengths, and together they will help rebuild electricity grids worldwide to accommodate renewable energy sources.（专家认为，液态空气储能技术与电池储能、抽 水蓄能技术相结合，将构成全球绿色转型所需的多元化储能体系。各类技术均具备独特优势，它们协同发力，将助力重构全球电网，以适配可再生能源的接入与消纳。）”可知，本段主要讲不同储能技术将协同合作。故选B项。 一、阅读理解 A You’ve arrived at a party, but you don’t see anyone you know. Who should you talk to? You put on a special pair of glasses and look at the people again. Now, you see information about each person on their faces or chests — their jobs, interests, even the friends you have in common. Then, you approach someone who shares a lot with you. Can you buy these special glasses right now? Negative. But a technology called augmented reality (AR) may make them readily available soon. Augment means to “add to something or expand something.” So, augmented reality is an expanded reality. AR adds pictures, sounds, text, and other information which comes from computer software to the real world. Some forms of AR are already in use. When you watch a sport such as soccer, you can see the score and the amount of playing time on the TV screen. In addition, the TV producers often draw circles or lines on it to more clearly illustrate something. Doctors use a more complex type of AR. They can project an MRI (核磁共振) scan of a person’s head onto the head itself. Then, while they are performing an operation, the doctors can look at the MRI scan on the patient’s head. Today, the most accessible (可使用的) form of AR is through smartphone applications. Smartphone AR uses your phone’s GPS software. Imagine you’re walking down the street trying to decide where to eat. Just hold your phone up to a street with restaurants and your phone will show you reviews, menu items, and prices. Shoppers who point their phones at an item in a store can get information on the price and quality — even the same product at other stores. In the future, we probably won’t use cell phone screens to see augmented reality. A pair of glasses might be all we need. This is an exciting idea, but there are some concerns. Some people worry that AR might produce too much information that can be confusing. Others worry that people might get so addicted that they would prefer augmented reality to actual reality. However, there is no question that AR is here to stay. Soon, everyone will have access to it and people will learn to get used to it. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By solving a problem. D．By describing a scene. 2. What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To show how AR is first developed. B．To explain what AR is and how it works. C．To discuss why AR glasses cannot be bought now. D．To tell the differences between AR and the real world. 3. What can we learn about AR from the text? A．It is more useful in hospital than in other fields. B．TV producers has already used it for drama programs. C．Most personal use of AR is through special glasses so far. D．Smartphone-based AR needs to know your location to work. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward AR? A．Consistent. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】 【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】D 【小题4】C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了增强现实（AR）技术的概念、工作原理、应用场景以及未来发展趋势。 【小题1】推理判断题。根据第一段“You’ve arrived at a party, but you don’t see anyone you know. Who should you talk to? You put on a special pair of glasses and look at the people again. Now, you see information about each person on their faces or chests — their jobs, interests, even the friends you have in common. Then, you approach someone who shares a lot with you.（你参加了一个 聚会，但没有看到认识的人。你应该和谁说话？你戴上一副特殊的眼镜，再次看着这些人。现在，你可以在他们的脸上或胸前看到关于每个人的 信息—他们的工作、兴趣，甚至你们共同的朋友。然后，你接近一个和你有很多共同点的人）”可知，作者通过描述一个场景来引入话题。故选D。 【小题2】推理判断题。根据第二段" But a technology called augmented reality (AR) may make them readily available soon. Augment means to “add to something or expand something.” So, augmented reality is an expanded reality. AR adds pictures, sounds, text, and other information which comes from computer software to the real world.（但是一种叫做增强现实（AR）的技术可能很快就会让它们 变得触手可及。Augment的意思是“增加或扩展某物”。所以，增强现实是一种扩展的现实。AR将来自计算机软件的图片、声音、文本和其他 信息添加到现实世界中）”可知，第二段主要解释了AR是什么以及它是如何工作的。故选B。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据第四段“Today, the most accessible (可使用的) form of AR is through smartphone applications. Smartphone AR uses your phone’s GPS software.（如今，最容易获得的AR形式是通过智能手机应用程序。智能手机AR使用你手机的GPS软件）〞可知，基于智能手机的AR需要知道你的位置才能工作。故选D。 【小题4】推理判断题。根据最后一段" However, there is no question that AR is here to stay. Soon, everyone will have access to it and people will learn to get used to it.（然而，毫无疑问，AR将会一直存在下去。很快，每个人都可以使用它，人们会学会适应它）”可知，作者对AR的态度是积极的。故选C。 B Humans are now skilled at altering (改变) life’s basic building blocks. Genetically modified (修改的) food is widely available, and gene-editing tools help create new medicines. Increasingly, scientists are exploring how these tools might also help protect nature — for example, by developing corals that survive in warmer oceans or plants resistant to disease. Recently, a major conservation group discussed whether gene-edited plants and animals should be released into the wild. Central to the debate is a proposed temporary ban on releasing such organisms. Supporters urge caution, arguing that the risks and the outcome are unknown. On the other side, many scientists and conservationists believe all tools should be considered to slow species extinction, including genetic engineering of living cells. “We face a biodiversity crisis and a climate crisis,” said one policy expert. “We must use every tool to prevent ecosystems from collapsing further.” Although such a ban would not necessarily take effect, experts warn it could still affect research by making institutions and funders more hesitant. “Everyone cares about reputation,” noted one science nonprofit leader. A ban from a respected international body could weaken support for related studies. About one million species risk extinction, largely due to human activity. Some researchers see gene-editing as a way to intervene positively. The Australian biologist, Robert Smith, for instance, is editing frog genes to resist a deadly fungus (真菌). “The science isn’t the hard part,” he said. “The challenge will be persuading people that it’s a good idea.” Skeptics, however, argue the technology is still unproven in complex, open environments. It is unclear whether edited species would thrive or could cause unintended harm to existing ecosystems, or how any such harm could be controlled once releases begin. This uncertainty fuels the ongoing debate. 5. What is a potential application of gene-editing in nature conservation? A．Mass production of genetically modified food. B．Developing corals that endure higher temperatures. C．Creating new medicines for human diseases. D．Banning the release of any edited organisms. 6. Why could a proposed temporary ban on releasing gene-edited organisms affect research? A．It would make the technology illegal worldwide. B．It proves that the technology is too dangerous to use. C．It would immediately stop all ongoing experiments. D．It could discourage supporting institutions and funders. 7. What does the Australian biologist, Robert Smith mean by his statement? A．The technical aspects of gene-editing are already perfect. B．The main obstacle to using gene-editing is social acceptance. C．Scientists are not confident in their gene-editing skills. D．The debate about the ban is scientifically unnecessary. 8. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To argue strongly in favor of releasing gene-edited organisms into the wild. B．To explain the technical process of editing genes in frogs and corals. C．To present the debate over using gene-editing for ecosystem protection. D．To criticize conservation groups for blocking scientific progress. 【答案】 【小题5】B 【小题6】D 【小题7】B 【小题8】C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨基因编辑技术在自然保护中的潜在应用，以及各界对将基因编辑生物放归野外的支持与质疑的争议。 【小题5】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Increasingly, scientists are exploring how these tools might also help protect nature — for example, by developing corals that survive in warmer oceans or plants resistant to disease.（越来越多的科学家正在探索这些工具如何也 能帮助保护自然——例如，培育能在更温暖的海洋中生存的珊瑚或抗病的植物。）”可知，基因编辑在自然保护中的一个潜在应用是培育能耐受更高温度的珊瑚。故选B项。 【小题6】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Although such a ban would not necessarily take effect, experts warn it could still affect research by making institutions and funders more hesitant.（尽管这样的禁令不一定会生效，但专家警告说，它仍可能让研究机构和资助者变得更加犹豫，从而影响研究工作。）”可知，拟议的临时禁令会影响研究是因为它可能使支持这项研究的机构和资助者产生顾虑、不愿支持。故选D项。 【小题7】推理判断题。根据第五段中的““The science isn’t the hard part,” he said. “The challenge will be persuading people that it’s a good idea.（他说：“科学方面并非难事，挑战在于说服人们这是个好主意。”）”可知，澳大利亚生物学家罗伯特•史密斯认力基因编辑的技术层面并不难，主要障碍是让社会大众接受这项技术。故选B项。 【小题8】推理判断题。根据第二段中的〝Recently, a major conservation group discussed whether gene-edited plants and animals should be released into the wild. Central to the debate is a proposed temporary ban on releasing such organisms.（最近，一个大型环保组织讨论了是否应该将基因编辑的动植物放归野外。这场辩论的核心是一项拟议的临时禁令，禁止释放此类生物体。）”，第三段中的“On the other side, many scientists and conservationists believe all tools should be considered to slow species extinction, including genetic engineering of living cells.（另一方面，许多科学家和环保主义者认为，应该考虑使用所有工具来减缓物种灭绝，包括对活细胞进行基 因工程改造。）”以及第六段中的“keptics, however, argue the technology is still unproven in complex, open environments.（然而，持 怀疑态度的人认为，这项技术在复杂的开放环境中尚未得到验证。）”可知，文章主要介绍了各界对于将基因编辑技术用于生态保护、放归基因编辑生物这一做法的不同看法和争议。故选C项。 C Being stuck in miles of stopped traffic is not a relaxing way to start or finish a holiday. And as we move slowly along the road, many of us will fantasize a future free of traffic jams.  As a mathematician and motorist, I view traffic as a complex system, consisting of many interacting agents, including cars, trucks, cyclists and walkers. Sometimes these agents interact in a free-flowing way and at other times they simply come to a stop. All situations can be examined — and hopefully improved — using mathematical modeling. For instance, mathematical models tell us that if drivers kept within the variable speed limits on a motorway, traffic would flow consistently at, say, 50 mph.  However, we tend to drive more aggressively (激进地), speeding up as soon as the opportunity arises — and being forced to slow down moments later. The result is greater fuel consumption and a longer overall journey time. But could this change if our roads were taken over by driverless cars?  In theory, driverless cars will typically drive within the speed limits, have faster reaction times allowing them to drive closer together and will behave less randomly than humans. Choosing the best route, accounting for barriers and traffic volume (量), driverless cars will behave in a more rational (理性的) way, as they can communicate with other cars and quickly change their route or driving behavior.  Of course, even integrating driverless cars into the best modeling, we could still get to the point where there are simply too many cars on the road, and traffic jams can occur. Yet there is still potential for self-driving cars to help. Some car makers expect that eventually we will stop viewing cars as possessions and instead simply treat them as a transport service. Again, by applying mathematical modeling, we could make this shared autonomous vehicle service operate most efficiently, reducing the overall number of cars on the road. 9. What does the author think of traffic flow? A．It follows strict patterns. B．It is affected by many factors. C．It involves mathematical modeling. D．It depends heavily on drivers’ skills. 10. What is the major reason behind traffic problems? A．Poor traffic planning. B．Terrible road conditions. C．Random driving behavior. D．Unreasonable speed limits. 11. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about driverless cars? A．How they reduce fuel use. B．How they could avoid barriers. C．How they would improve traffic. D．How they may ensure road safety. 12. What might be the most striking feature of future transportation? A．Fewer private cars. B．More urban motorways. C．More efficient traffic rules. D．More intelligent navigation. 【答案】 【小题9】B 【小题10】C 【小题11】C 【小题12】A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章从数学家和司机的双重视角分析交通拥堵问题，探讨人类驾驶的随机性如何加剧交通问题，以及自动驾驶汽车如何通过更理性的行为和共享出行服务，利用数学模型优化交通，缓解拥堵。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第二段中" I view traffic as a complex system, consisting of many interacting agents, including cars, trucks, cyclists and walkers.（我将交通视为一个复杂的系统，由许多相互作用的因素组成，包括汽车、卡车、自行车手和行人）”可知，作者认为交通流受到许多因素的影响。故选B项。 【小题2】细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, we tend to drive more aggressively (激进地), speeding up as soon as the opportunity arises — and being forced to slow down moments later. The result is greater fuel consumption and a longer overall journey time.（然而，我们倾向于更激进地驾驶，一有机会就加速——然后很快就被迫減速。结果是更大的燃料消耗和更长的总行程时间）”可知，交通问题的主要原因在于随机的驾驶行为。故选C项。 【小题3】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Choosing the best route, accounting for barriers and traffic volume (量), driverless cars will behave in a more rational (理性的) way, as they can communicate with other cars and quickly change their route or driving behavior.（选择最佳路线，考虑到障碍物和交通量，无人驾驶汽车将表现得更加理性，因为它们可以与其他汽车通信，并迅速改变路线或驾驶行为）”可知，本段主要讲述了自动驾驶汽车如何通过更理性的行內来改善交通。故选C项。 【小题4】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Some car makers expect that eventually we will stop viewing cars as possessions and instead simply treat them as a transport service. Again, by applying mathematical modeling, we could make this shared autonomous vehicle service operate most efficiently, reducing the overall number of cars on the road.（一些汽车制造商预计，最终我们将不再把汽车视为财 产，而只是将其作为一种交通服务。同样，通过应用数学模型，我们可以使这种共享自动驾驶汽车服务最高效地运行，从而减少道路上的汽车总 数）”可推断，未来我们将不再把汽车视为财产，且共享自动驾驶汽车服务将最高效地运行，所以私家车数量会减少。故选A项。 二、思维提升-观点分享 Topic: Share your ideas about scientific experiments and explain how experiments help us understand the world. Tasks 1. Think of one experiment in this lesson or in real life. Answer the following questions: a. What problem or question does it try to answer? b. What can we learn from this experiment? 2. Prepare a short oral presentation (about 30–40 seconds) and share your ideas with your partner. 【答案】 I want to talk about the experiment “Egg in a bottle”. It tries to answer how air pressure works in our daily life. In this experiment, the egg is pushed into the bottle by the air outside. It shows that air pressure is very powerful and can affect objects around us. This experiment helps us understand science better and encourages us to think more carefully about what we see. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tom 正在学习科学实验相关内容。他写信向你请教： 科学实验有什么作用？为什么我们不能总是相信“Seeing is believing”？ 请你根据 Unit 3 的学习内容，给他回信。 写作要点包括： ① 科学实验的作用 ② 对“Seeing is believing”的理解 二选一 1. 写三句话回答 Tom 的问题 要求： · 至少使用 3 个本单元词汇或短语 · 内容完整，意思清楚 2. 写一封完整的回信（80–100 词） 要求： · 观点清楚，结构完整 · 紧扣“科学实验与思考”的主题 1.【参考答案】 Scientific experiments help us understand how things work. Sometimes what we see may not be completely true. We should think carefully and question what we read or hear.. 2.【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I’m glad to share my ideas about scientific experiments with you. In my opinion, experiments help us understand how the world works and test whether an idea is true. Many discoveries come from careful observation and repeated experiments. However, we should not always believe everything we see. Sometimes a story may sound real, but it may not be completely true. So it is important to think critically and ask questions. Science is not only about results, but also about the process of thinking. Best wishes, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $