专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，天津专用）高二英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津滨海新·期中）A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and wars. But art history focuses on much more than these because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors — or of people very different from us — can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than what can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May,1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozeo, and David Alfaro Siqueiros — as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez-showed these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was and still is its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的) belief that statues are unholy (不神圣的，亵渎神明的). 1．Which of the following sentences is WRONG according to the passage? A．Art history concentrates on religious beliefs, emotions and psychology only. B．Art can provide information about the everyday activities of ancient people. C．Information and facts about politics are given objectively in history. D．Franciso Gova was perhaps the first truly political artist. 2．History books are objective because ______. A．it will make the viewers angry and sad about history B．personal and emotional opinions are expressed through it C．it can help us understand historical facts better D．opinions about facts are not expressed 3．The two pictures The Third of May,1808 and Guernica mentioned in paragraph 2 show that ______. A．art is subjective B．artists are very similar even over a hundred years C．history books present objective information D．art can reflect political life of a country 4．In paragraph 2, the underlined part “another continent” refers to ______. A．Europe B．America C．Mexico D．Middle East 5．The passage is mainly discussing ______. A．the difference between general history and art history B．the development of art history C．the influence of artists on art history D．what we can learn from art history Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期中）The Juneteenth celebration, held every year on June 19th, is a reminder of the end of slavery in the United States. The freeing of slaves started with Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (解放宜言) on September 22, 1862. Emancipation means setting free from another’s power. When slaves were emancipated, they were made into free men and women. The Emancipation Proclamation became official on January 1,1863, but it wasn’t until two and a half year later on June 19, 1865, that the last of the slaves in Texas were freed. Some slaves stayed on the plantations, and kept on working. The difference was that they were now free workers, and were paid. But many more left the plantations, as they felt that this was the first step toward freedom. Some went north and others headed off to find family in neighboring states. It was a very insecure time for the former slaves as they tried to fit into a society that had previously only thought of them as slaves. The celebration of June 19th every year gave stability to the lives of the members of the black community as they established themselves. Soon the June 19th celebration was known as “Juneteenth”. However, towards the turn of the century, the Juneteenth celebrations began to die down. Young people didn’t feel the same connection with the emancipation of the slaves. During the time of the Depression many people moved into cities, and it was difficult for them to take time off to celebrate Juneteenth. Then, during the Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, Juneteenth celebrations gathered new strength. On January 1, 1980, the Juneteenth celebrations received status as an official state holiday in Texas. Since then several states have followed Texas in making Juneteenth a state holiday. Juneteenth is a time for African-Americans and others living in the community to get together and celebrate their freedom. But why is this celebration still important today? To many African-Americans, Juneteenth is as important as any country’s Independence Day. It is a celebration of freedom and togetherness. 6．What is the purpose of the Juneteenth celebration? A．To memorize heroes of the Civil War. B．To honor the liberation of the slaves. C．To celebrate the Independence Day. D．To bring African-Americans together again. 7．Why do many people left the plantations after they were free? A．They thought they were not well-paid. B．They wanted to find a safe place. C．They had no place to stay there. D．They thought it as the first step towards freedom. 8．What is the difference for the former slaves working on the plantations after June 19,1865? A．They were free workers doing a paying job. B．They became owners of the plantations. C．They naturally fitted into the society. D．They didn’t get real freedom. 9．When did Juneteenth celebrations become official in Texas? A．On September 22, 1862. B．On January 1, 1863. C．On June 19, 1865. D．On January 1, 1980. 10．What can we learn from the text? A．It took three years for all slaves to get freedom. B．Juneteenth celebrations have been popular all the time. C．African-Americans placed a high value on Juneteenth. D．Depression boosted the development of Juneteenth celebrations. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）We do all sorts of things to attract birds to our yards-from feeders to the right kinds of plants. Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. Luckily, there’s a way to enjoy the birds even while you’re not looking. The Bird Photo Booth device captures (拍摄) birds as they land on a feeding dish, giving you an image of the creature in its natural setting. The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. This way of getting up close and personal with birds appealed to Lisa. When she moved to the United States, she saw birds she hadn’t seen before. She had married into a birdwatcher family and her academic background is in wildlife documentaries, so she was curious to get closer to the birds that were visiting her yard. She set up the photo booth, along with nest boxes equipped with cameras. Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. The device has given Lisa exactly the sort of experience she wanted. She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. The pictures are more than just a fun hobby for Lisa, however. She shares them online. “Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. So for whoever is interested in seeing their birds closer, I would recommend it,” she continued. “The Bird Photo Booth may not be for those who are not tech-savvy (精通技术的) or who have big fingers.” Patience, of course, is also required. Even though you’ve set up the device, it doesn’t mean the birds will come flocking (聚集) over immediately. 1．Why might people miss seeing birds in their yards? A．The birds are always flying away. B．They are busy doing other things. C．The birds are not interested in the yard. D．The camera is usually out of control. 2．What is Para.2 mainly about? A．What the Bird Photo Booth is made up of. B．How the Bird Photo Booth attracts birds. C．How the Bird Photo Booth works. D．What makes the Bird Photo Booth outstanding. 3．How did Lisa keep her garden? A．By making it natural. B．By tidying it up regularly. C．By setting up hunting nets. D．By using chemicals to kill insects. 4．How did Lisa feel about her experience with the Bird Photo Booth? A．She was discouraged. B．She was surprised. C．She was satisfied. D．She was confused. 5．What can we learn about the Bird Photo Booth? A．It may disturb birds. B．It requires little tech knowledge. C．It can attract birds immediately. D．It helps people learn more about nature. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·天津·期中）One of the biggest icebergs(冰山) ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica. The giant block covers an area of about 6,000 sq km; that’s about a quarter the size of Wales, part of the United Kingdom. A US satellite observed (观察)the berg while passing over an area known as the Larsen C Ice Shelf (冰架). Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack(裂缝) in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it. The crack’s expansion had accelerated since 2014, making an upcoming calving(分离) ever more likely. The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored(监视). Currents and winds might eventually push it north of the Antarctic where it could become a serious threat to shipping. The American space agency’s Aqua satellite noticed clear water in the crack between the shelf and the berg. The water is warmer relative to the surrounding ice and air. The event was confirmed by other spacecraft such as Europe’s Sentinel-1 satellite-radar system. The new Larsen berg is probably in the top 10 biggest ever recorded. The largest observed in the satellite era was an object called B-15. It came away from the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000 and measured some 11,000 sq km. Sixe years later, parts of this super-berg still existed and passed by New Zealand. In 1956, it was reported that a US Navy icebreaker had met with an object of roughly 32,000 sq km. That’s bigger than Belgium. Unfortunately, there were no satellites at the time to follow up and confirm the observation. The Larsen C Ice Shelf has been known to produce bigger bergs. An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away. 6．How did researchers view the appearance of the new Larsen berg? A．It needed to be confirmed. B．It was smaller than expected. C．It came as no surprise. D．It was formed within a very short time. 7．What will researchers most probably do next? A．Study the satellite-radar system. B．Keep a close eye on the new iceberg. C．Try to find the cause of the calving. D．Focus on the clear water in the crack. 8．How was B-15 different from the iceberg discovered in 1956? A．B-15 was much bigger. B．B-15 was discovered earlier. C．B-15 was noticed by the satellite D．B-15 was founded by a navy icebreaker. 9．Why does the author mention the iceberg formed in 1986? A．To give an example of Larsen’s bergs. B．To compare it with the new berg. C．To show where Larsen’s bergs often go. D．To explain why Larsen produces big bergs. 10．What can be the best title for the text? A．The secret behind the phenomenon of calving. B．Larsen C Ice Shelf needs more attention. C．Some of the biggest bergs ever recorded. D．Giant iceberg breaks away from Antarctica. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·天津·期中）Last Friday, a special event took place at the National Theater of Korea. A robot called EveR 6 led an orchestra in a performance of Korean music. Robots have led orchestras in other countries, but this was the first time in Korea. EveR 6 is a robot built by the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH). EveR 6 has joints in its neck, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. As a result, it can move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. EveR 6’s movements are based on movements “captured” from real human conductors. In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who led the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. But the robot’s greatest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” says Mr. Choi. But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats.” He said this created a situation where “the performers have to communicate with each other to follow the right beats.” Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. However, he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times. 11．What can we learn about EveR 6? A．It is trained by human conductors. B．It can wave its arms smoothly. C．It has performed in Korea many times. D．It is more advanced than other AI programs. 12．Who conducted the final piece of the concert? A．EveR 6. B．Mr. Choi. C．EveR 6 and Mr. Choi. D．Nobody 13．What is the biggest limitation of EveR 6? A．It cannot hear and respond to the orchestra. B．It has difficulty capturing humans’ movements. C．It cannot beat time with its fingers. D．It doesn’t have human-like facial expressions. 14．Which can best describe EveR 6 being used in daily practice? A．Unworkable. B．Hard-to-use C．Time-saving. D．Useful. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．EveR 6 brings conducting a bright future. B．Korean robot conducts orchestra. C．The war between robots and musicians is on. D．AI robots create music and perform it on stage. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津西青·期中）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 16．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 17．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 18．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 2 and 3? A．Americans may view silence as a sign of respect to the old. B．Mexicans may remain silent to avoid appearing disrespectful. C．In Asian cultures, silence is primarily used to signal agreement in discussions. D．Silence in all cultures implies a lack of interest in the topic being discussed. 19．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 20．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence. B．What It Means to Be Silent. C．Silence to Native Americans. D．Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津河西·期中）Family get-togethers are a great way for family members to understand the lives of each other and strengthen family bonds. For younger family members, get-togethers can reinforce family traditions and can be learning experiences that help them to grow and mature. Traditional family get-togethers can include a meal and an activity such as going to see a movie. However, there are other ideas that can help make get-togethers memorable and provide moments that enrich the lives of family members. ________ One way to make a family get-together memorable is to give it an environmentally friendly theme. A garden can be planted, for example, including vegetables that can be eaten in future get-togethers. A tree could be planted and called the family tree. The family get-together could also be planned for a specific place such as a community nature center. The family could participate in an environmental project such as a neighborhood clean-up, or cleaning streams or roadsides. Be active Family get-togethers can have physical activity as a main focus of the fun. Families can gather at a beach and go swimming. Building sand castles also requires exertion, for it takes patience and imagination. Other beach activities can include kite flying and searching for shells. A family get-together can also be planned for a park that has a nature trail. A picnic meal can provide food, and everyone can take a hike for exercise. A family get-together can also have a sports theme when planned for a location that has a basketball court, tennis court or some other sporting venue. For places with snow, families can go sledding or skiing together. Museum or Historic Site A family get-together can also be an educational gathering. For example, a get-together planned at a museum can provide entertainment as well as educational value. Family members can talk and catch up with one another while touring the museum. Contact the local organization to find historical sites, which can provide memorable scenery to a family get-together. 21．According to the passage, which of the following is a way of traditional family get-together? A．Seeing a film. B．Planting a tree. C．Having a picnic. D．Visiting a historic site. 22．Which of the following is the best choice for the blank? A．Be planned. B．Family tree. C．Go green. D．Community nature center. 23．What does the underlined word “exertion” in Para. 3 really mean? A．Defect. B．Effort. C．Workshop. D．Expression. 24．If you want to have fun and learn a lot, which one is your best choice? A．A family planting a family tree. B．A family gathering at a beach. C．A family gathering of sports theme. D．A family gathering at a museum. 25．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To give us some advice on how to plan a family get-together B．To introduce some ways of making family get-togethers unusual C．To compare traditional family get-togethers with modern ones D．To tell us why and where we often need a family get-together Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）As a contraction of “hungry” and “angry”, the word “hangry” has only been in common use since the beginning of the century. Researchers have taken a step toward figuring out why irritability and puckishness (易怒和有点饿) go together like tomatoes and eggs, or chicken and mushroom. To study the phenomenon, Jennifer conducted an experiment. In the experiment, 118 students took part in a lab study, instructed to fast (禁食) for five or more hours before coming in, while the other group of 118 students were instructed to eat a meal before the experiment. Half of the students were instructed to write a short essay about their emotions to direct their attention to how they were feeling. The other half were told to write about an unemotional ordinary day. Then they were instructed to complete the boring task on the computer, sorting bright circles that were annoying to look at. As the student neared the end of the task, the computer was programmed to pop up (弹出) “the blue screen of death”, making it look as if the student’s computer had crashed (死机). Then a researcher would enter the scene and blame the student for the crash, telling him he had pressed the wrong button. After the experiment, the students were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their emotions and the quality of the experiment. The hungry students who had written about the ordinary day tended to criticize more, expressing more feelings of stress and anger. They evaluated (评估) the researchers as being more severe or more judgmental. However, the students who wrote about their emotions, focusing on their feelings before the task, did not share these same changes in emotions. In other words, with a little self-reflection, “hanger” can be removed. So, why does hunger cause anger? The reason is not clear, but at The Conversation Jennifer explains that previous studies have shown hunger activates (激活) many of the same physiological systems as emotions. Hunger causes the body to release the stress hormones. The hungrier you are, the more hormones are released, causing stress and urging you to take action, so you burst into anger. When you’re hungry — like when you’re having a strong emotion — it can temporarily change how you see the world. This is a concept called affect-as-information theory. “These findings suggest that the hangry feeling occurs when your hunger-caused negativity is blamed on the world around you,” Jennifer writes. “People don’t even realize they’re taking the wrong action.” 26．The author holds the point that ______. A．the research explained why hunger causes anger B．negative feelings would make people feel hungry C．anger is to hunger what chicken is to mushroom D．there is nothing to do to deal with the feeling of hanger 27．The students wrote a short essay in the experiment to make it possible to ______. A．test their writing skills B．study the phenomenon C．research the effect of short-term fasting D．investigate the impact of emotional awareness 28．How did the students who wrote about their emotions feel after the experiment? A．They were less affected emotionally. B．They felt more stressed and angry. C．They evaluated the researchers negatively. D．They were more critical of the experiment. 29．What role do hormones play in the development of “hanger”? A．They control the body to slow the development of the feeling of hunger. B．They play an important role in driving the person to burst into anger. C．They stop people from expressing their negative emotions freely. D．They help people reflect and recognize their mistakes themselves. 30．Which of the following may lead to “hanger”? A．You enjoy a rich dinner with your family. B．You wait an hour for your order at a restaurant. C．You jump the queue to buy something after lunch.| D．You help a boy with his broken bike on the way home. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期中）Jules Verne is widely regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction. His “Extraordinary Voyages (航海)” series transport readers on grand adventures to the far reaches of Earth and beyond. But Verne did more than just tell entertaining stories — he also predicted over 100 modern-day inventions and technologies in his writings. For example, in the 1889 short story In the Year 2889, Verne painted a picture of a highly networked world with global multimedia communications. He described the “phono telephote,” which sent sound and images over great distances. The main character, Fritz Napoleon Smith, is able to easily communicate via this technology with his wife on another continent: “Mr. Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her... Mrs. Smith immediately appeared on the telephonic screen, with her features smiling and her eyes moist (潮湿的) with tears.” Verne’s technically-grounded adventure tales represented a new approach to imagining the future through fiction. Unlike other writers of his day who penned more fanciful or supernatural stories, Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic visions, always basing them on cutting-edge science and his own extensive research. This laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century and beyond. Verne is often thought of as a technological optimist, a champion of scientific progress and innovation. But his writings also reveal another perspective. Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine (潜艇) to violently attack ships. For Verne, human nature determined whether technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction. The spirit of adventure in Verne’s timeless stories will live on, continuing to inspire generations to push the boundaries of the possible and create the world of tomorrow. That is perhaps the greatest achievement of the extraordinary voyages of Jules Verne. 31．What is the main emphasis of Jules Verne’s “Extraordinary Voyages” series? A．The dangers of unchecked scientific progress. B．The prediction of modern-day technologies. C．The exploration of human nature through adventure. D．The balance between realism and fantasy in storytelling. 32．How does Mr. Smith contact his wife in In the Year 2889? A．By holding an in-person talk. B．By making a long-distance call. C．By sending a letter back home. D．By having an instant video chat. 33．What is the “hard science fiction” based on? A．The unrealistic fantasies. B．The fictional technologies. C．The latest research findings. D．The imagined future worlds. 34．What can we infer about Veme from Captain Nemo’s story? A．He is disappointed with human nature. B．He is aware of the danger of technology. C．He is in favour of scientific development. D．He is different from the writers of his time. 35．Which of the following best describes Jules Verne according to the text? A．Strong-willed. B．Fantasy-seeking. C．Positive-minded. D．Forward-thinking. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津滨海新·期中）Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both questions is yes. To some extent (在某种程度上) our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius (天才) out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed (固定的) at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated (不相关的) people at random (随机地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical (完全相同的) twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates (表明) that environment as well as birth plays a part.This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who lives in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence. 11．Which of the following best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph One? A．To some extent, intelligence is given at birth. B．Intelligence is developed by the environment. C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid. D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment. 12．If a child was born with low intelligence, he can . A．become a genius. B．not reach his higher intelligence in his life C．develop his intelligence in rich and varied surroundings D．still become a genius if he works hard 13．The last paragraph mainly shows . A．the importance of birth B．the relationship between environment and birth C．the writer’s final conclusion D．the relationship between intelligence and environment 14．The key word of this passage would be . A．Education B．Intelligence C．Birth D．Influence 15．Which statement about the passage is true? A．All twins have similar degrees of intelligence. B．A man who is educated in university must make greater achievements than a man who works in a boring factory. C．Proper (适当的，合理的) education can change one’s intelligence at some degree. D．Education can’t make a child born with low intelligence cleverer. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津北辰·期中）Electrical and electronic scrap(e-scrap) is now one of the fastest-growing types of waste and is projected to reach 74 million metric tons by 2030. E-scrap includes a wide variety of old electronic devices that include large household devices such as refrigerators, air-conditioning systems, smartphones, computers and other consumer electronics. Finding interesting, and cost-effective ways to reuse e-scrap could have many advantages for the environment, while also potentially reducing manufacturing (制造) costs. So far, however, the reuse of e-scrap has mainly been limited to the separation of valuable materials. Potentially, electronic waste could also be used in combination with renewable energy sources to build self-sustainable robots (SSR). Researchers at TU Wien have recently carried out a study exploring this possibility and have developed Scrapino, a robot built from e-scrap that uses renewable energy. The components used to build the robot include a combination of new and old materials recycled from electronic devices such as old scanner machines, printers, robots, computers and toys. The researchers used DC motors, ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) that can identify barriers in the surroundings, and LDR sensors that can detect light. In this way, the self-sustainable robot can move around its surrounding environment, searching for the best sunbathing spots in which it can collect energy by using a solar panel as its source of power. After charging its battery to over 50 percent, Scrapino can complete a number of tasks, for instance, greeting students around the university or providing useful information about ongoing conferences, workshops, lessons, etc. Nowadays, the massive production of robots has an impact on electricity consumption. Scrapino is a great example of reusing e-scrap and combining old and new technologies while also promoting lower electricity consumption and a cleaner environment. “SSR will provide a very good learning experience and show that robotics and renewable energy can go hand in hand and serve as a gateway to getting SSR from e-scrap,” the researchers wrote in their paper. In the future, this study could inspire other researchers to explore interesting ways in which e-scrap can be reused or recycled. 16．What does the author want to show us in paragraph 1? A．The abundance of household equipment. B．Advancements in electronic devices. C．The urgency of handling the e-scrap. D．Different recycling methods of e-scrap. 17．Which of the following puts the present reusing e-scrap at a disadvantage? A．The separation is technically demanding. B．The recycled materials cannot meet environmental requirements. C．The recycling processes involve high energy consumption. D．The materials from the e-scrap cannot get fully reused. 18．Why did the researchers equip Scrapino with DC motors and sensors? A．To provide Scrapino with basic mobility skills. B．To understand Scrapino’s source of energy. C．To let them act as the solar panels. D．To assess the surrounding working conditions. 19．What can we infer about the self-sustainable robot from the text? A．It will reform the creation of robots. B．It can be a pioneer to encourage researchers to go further. C．It has the ability to charge fast and steadily. D．It can be put into massive production as soon as possible. 20．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To list the benefits of self-sustainable robots. B．To explain the challenges of reusing e-waste. C．To show a novel way to reuse e-scrap. D．To demonstrate a new way of making use of robots. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津北辰·期中）Nature impacted the lives of people all around the world in different ways. For Nicki Voss, it led to the start of her small business, Textile pop, a quilt (被子) making and sewing class business. One day, Voss was walking along the Santa Clara River Trail and observed that, at a time of uncertainty when many businesses failed, one thing remained permanent: nature. Voss grew up going on camping trips with her family as a young girl, which taught her to appreciate her surroundings and the outside. “Although the leaves change colors with the seasons, nature never truly changes,” said Voss. Voss grabbed her camera, went to the Los Angeles Griffith Observatory, and photographed the scenic view of famous buildings that have appeared in numerous films and other pop culture mediums. She then began to make the photograph of downtown Los Angeles stand out on cloth. The quilt, titled “Downtown Los Angeles Quilt”, was made from 583 individually cut pieces of new fabric (织物), with each piece intentionally placed in the perfect location to create a contemporary art quilt. Voss has created numerous contemporary art quilts following her initial one. Ranging from bright colors to earth tones, Voss’ creations have risen from her photographs of California’s kinds of landscapes such as oak trees, the Central Coast, Death Valley, the Eastern Sierra Dusk, etc. After working for many years, Voss found herself wanting to do something different. Voss signed up with the College of the Canyons to take online classes concerning the ins and outs of company operations. “It was absolutely inspiring. I learned so much. I went through everything including the introduction to human resource management, business e-commerce, accounting, marketing... all of the details,” Voss said. “Then the idea started to take shape itself.” And when the time was right, she launched Textile pop. Voss offers a variety of course options for individuals of all ages interested in learning how to sew. Voss said people nowadays no longer learn manual (手工的) arts like they once used to. “Something as simple as sewing a button suddenly becomes a mystery,” Voss said. 21．What inspired Voss to start her business? A．Her passion for sewing and quilting. B．Her desire to teach others about nature. C．The close bond with family members. D．The constancy and stability of nature. 22．What did Voss do after obtaining the photographs of famous buildings? A．Add bright colors to them. B．Turn them into landscape paintings. C．Produce a short film using them. D．Translate the image onto cloth. 23．What does the author intend to reveal by mentioning a series of California’s landscapes? A．The diverse elements in Voss’ works. B．The accessibility of California’s landscapes. C．The commercial success of Voss’ art quilts. D．The impact of Voss’ art on natural landscapes. 24．Why did Voss take online classes through the College of the Canyons? A．To change her career path to teaching. B．To gain knowledge about running a business C．To broaden the network of relationships. D．To find inspiration for her art creation. 25．What is this text mainly about? A．Nicki Voss’ efforts to save the lost manual arts. B．The impact of nature on business innovation. C．Nicki Voss’ journey of sewing a new future. D．The significance of California landscapes in art. 主题01 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期中）It’s weird. Time feels faster the older we get. I can think back to an event three years ago, and it feels like yesterday. I still wear the same clothes. My haircut is the same. I live in the same place and eat the same food. Nothing much distinguishes that event from my present. Yet, for a child or teenager, three years can feel like a lifetime. Why does this happen? Children and teenagers experience significantly more change, more frequently, than adults. They grow taller, wear new clothes, switch schools, have different friends, and learn new things in class. It is a world of transition and change. As adults, many of these factors level out and don’t change at all. During adolescence, which researchers identify as between 10 and 25 years of age, the brain undergoes significant change. Laurence Steinberg, a heavy hitter in the adolescent research world, calls it a brain of “opportunity” because it is wide open to learning. Imagine thousands of neurons all bumping up against each other, equally likely to activate each other. Adolescents are highly sensitive to their environment because their brains are open to anything and everything happening to them. They use this openness to learn how the world works and how to function in it. When sex hormones come online, they enhance this learning through myelination (髓鞘形成), or the act of adding a fatty sheath on top of the highly active neurons to help them fire 100times faster than non-myelinated neurons. The brain takes what it learns and hardwires it. Stressful life events have a greater impact when they occur in adolescence versus middle childhood because the brain wires to teenage experiences. This is why we have a different experience of time. When we are teenagers, we are so open and receptive to the world. Our interactions with teachers, friends, material in class, parents, society, and more shape how we understand the world and how we operate in it. We experience big emotions, teaching us about relationships, responsibility, and everything else. It feels like so much happens every day because our brains are taking in so many things. As we get older, our brains aren’t wired to take in as many things from the outside world, or to learn in the same way. Therefore, three years ago can feel like yesterday: not much has changed in our brains, our perception, or our lived experience. 1．What is the author’s primary observation about time in the first paragraph? A．Personal habits like clothing and diet never evolve after youth. B．Physical appearance remains unchanged for years in adulthood. C．Adults’ stable routines make time feel faster than in childhood. D．Childhood memories feel more distant than recent adult experiences. 2．According to the article, why do children and teenagers perceive time as passing more slowly than adults do? A．Because their brains develop slower, delaying time perception. B．Because they lack the cognitive ability to track time accurately. C．Because their daily routines are less structured than those of adults. D．Because they experience more frequent and noticeable life changes. 3．Why do stressful events impact adolescents more? A．They lack emotional strength. B．Their brains are less developed. C．They experience fewer changes. D．Their brains hardwire experiences. 4．What can we infer about teenagers from the passage? A．They have less stress than adults. B．They are more likely to adapt to change. C．Their brains are less active than those of adults. D．They focus more on the present than the future. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Why Time Feels Faster as We Age. B．The Role of Change in Perception. C．How Teen Brains Shape Time Perception. D．The Impact of Hormones on Time Experience. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company based in China, has attracted global attention for its groundbreaking work in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning. Founded in 2015 by a team of computer scientists and engineers, the company aims to create AI systems that “understand humans like friends.” Its most famous product, an AI assistant named DeepMind, can answer complex questions, write essays, and even generate creative stories. One key innovation of DeepSeek is its focus on ethical AI development. Unlike some companies that prioritize profit over safety, DeepSeek follows strict guidelines to prevent misuse of its technology. For example, its AI models are programmed to refuse harmful requests, such as generating false information or violent content. Additionally, the company openly shares its research findings with universities to promote transparency. Education is another area where DeepSeek shines. In 2022, it launched “EduBot,” a free AI tutor designed to help students in rural areas access quality learning resources. EduBot provides personalized explanations for math problems, analyzes essay structures, and simulates English speaking tests. A survey showed that 73% of users improved their grades within six months of using the tool. Despite its success, DeepSeek faces challenges. Training advanced AI models requires enormous computing power, leading to high energy consumption. To address this, the company has invested in renewable energy projects and optimized its algorithms to reduce carbon emissions by 40% since 2020. Looking ahead, DeepSeek’s CEO stated, “Our next goal is to develop AI that assists scientific research, like discovering new materials or predicting climate change patterns.” With its balanced approach to innovation and responsibility, DeepSeek continues to shape a future where humans and AI coexist harmoniously. 6．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A．bring up the topic B．propose a definition C．present an argument D．reach a conclusion 7．What is a special feature of DeepSeek’s AI models? A．They focus on profit-making. B．They prioritize speed over accuracy. C．They refuse to cooperate with universities. D．They escape harmful content generation. 8．How did EduBot help students according to the text? A．By offering free laptops. B．By replacing human teachers. C．By providing quality learning resources. D．By organizing online competitions. 9．The underlined phrase “optimized its algorithms” (Paragraph 4) most likely means ______. A．reduced data security B．improved computer programs C．hired more engineers D．increased energy usage 10．What is DeepSeek’s future plan? A．To develop AI for gaming. B．To build the world’s fastest computer. C．To create AI for scientific research. D．To replace human workers in factories. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津北辰·期中）Many companies are pushing their employees to get back to the office, considering it critical for maintaining the company culture. According to Treehugger, the third industrial revolution would be the end of the office and in the future, it would be a coffee shop: “The major purpose of an office in the future is to interact, to get around a table and talk, and to chat.” I am so enthusiastic about the end of the office considering the carbon it would save. It is reflected in not just the gas in the cars or the building operations, but the massive carbon from building office buildings, subways, and other facilities designed to meet the peak demand of the commute (通勤). Many companies are settling into the concept of hybrid (混合的) offices, where employees work from home several days per week. The Carbon Counter of the Financial Times sees a picture in the U.S. where “there are bigger savings from homeworking, largely down to a cut in the time spent driving gas-guzzling (高油耗的) cars.” But people may move to bigger suburban houses, willing to have longer commutes, where they have twice the footprint of someone living in the city. The Carbon Counter estimates that full-time homeworking has a footprint of about 50% of fulltime office working in the U. S., but only a minor saving in carbon emissions with a switch to 3 days in the office and 2 at home, based on a 22-mile commute and a 40% increase in heating and electricity for those days working from home. Besides, no company is going to keep 100% of their office space for two-thirds of the number of people, especially when they are no longer worrying about social distancing. Companies will promote more “hot-desking” where employees do not have permanent personal spots, which many find makes the office less attractive, encouraging more people to work from home. I noted earlier there might be less demand for public transportation and highway expansion in the case of hybrid offices, but analyst John Kemp reports crowded subways are a feature, not a fault. Kemp also notes that “fully occupied central offices and transportation systems usually make very efficient use of energy.” 11．Why are lots of companies calling on employees to return to offices? A．To promote a relaxing working environment among them. B．To boost social contact and teamwork among them. C．To bring about another industrial revolution. D．To reduce unnecessary carbon footprints among them. 12．What makes the author in favor of putting an end to the office? A．Its contribution to his health. B．Its lowering the cost of the commute. C．Its environment-friendliness. D．Its giving him flexible working hours. 13．Which of the following might the Carbon Counter agree with? A．Full-time homeworking is more suitable for the U. S. B．Working from home is not easy to put into practice. C．Hybrid offices might not be so carbon-efficient. D．Many people in the U. S. have to face longer commutes. 14．What can we know about “hot-desking”? A．It results in social distancing. B．It contributes to people’s preference for working from home. C．It encourages people to improve social skills. D．It stimulates employees’ enthusiasm for work from home. 15．What is Kemp’s attitude towards hybrid offices? A．Negative. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Uncertain. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）Flying down a mountain at high speed is exciting. Being surrounded by beautiful, snow-covered scenery is peaceful. It is not difficult to see why skiing is such a popular sport. Introduced to China just a few years ago, skiing has increased in popularity among sport lovers, including some high school students. Yi Dan, a senior high school student in Beijing, is planning to go to Harbin with her family and friends to ski over the coming winter holidays. “My father taught me to ski when I was 12. Since then I did it every winter,” she said. “I really like the feeling when you’re gliding (滑动) down the mountain. It is like flying.” While skiing today gives people a lot of pleasure and excitement, it was not invented for that reason. Skiing was started by people who enjoyed the feeling of pain. Modern downhill skiing was invented in 1643, by a Swiss named Phlogiston. As a member of a small group of masochists (受虐狂), Phlogiston was not satisfied by common self-harm activities, such as eating glass. After thinking over the matter for some time, he finally announced to his friends that he had found a solution. “It seems to me that if we attached long pieces of wood to our feet, and hurled (掷) ourselves down snowy mountain slopes, we could really do ourselves some serious damage.” Phlogiston went to the village blacksmith, who attached two pieces of wood to his feet. With this equipment, he managed to glide down a mountain before jumping into a valley never to be seen again. The success of the sport was assured. Modern skiing has improved greatly on Phlogiston’s original idea. People say that a distant cousin of Phlogiston was the first to realize that skiing could be made into a business. From a suicidal act, skiing became a sport, and from a sport, it became an industry. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．Skiing’s origin. B．Skiing’s popularity. C．Skiing’s future. D．Skiing’s benefits. 17．We can learn from the text that skiing ______. A．was invented in the 16th century B．was introduced to China not long ago C．was invented for pleasure and excitement D．is enjoyed most in China 18．What do we know about Yi Dan? A．She learnt to ski with the help of her friends. B．She is a Senior 1 student in Harbin. C．She likes the feeling of skiing. D．She went skiing every winter. 19．It can be inferred from the text that Phlogiston ______. A．made skiing into a business B．put his idea into practice with friends’ help C．came up with the idea suddenly D．hated having a peaceful life 20．What does the underlined word “suicidal” mean in English? A．self-killing. B．creative. C．self-taught. D．beneficial. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津滨海新·期中）A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and wars. But art history focuses on much more than these because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors — or of people very different from us — can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than what can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May,1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozeo, and David Alfaro Siqueiros — as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez-showed these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was and still is its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的) belief that statues are unholy (不神圣的，亵渎神明的). 1．Which of the following sentences is WRONG according to the passage? A．Art history concentrates on religious beliefs, emotions and psychology only. B．Art can provide information about the everyday activities of ancient people. C．Information and facts about politics are given objectively in history. D．Franciso Gova was perhaps the first truly political artist. 2．History books are objective because ______. A．it will make the viewers angry and sad about history B．personal and emotional opinions are expressed through it C．it can help us understand historical facts better D．opinions about facts are not expressed 3．The two pictures The Third of May,1808 and Guernica mentioned in paragraph 2 show that ______. A．art is subjective B．artists are very similar even over a hundred years C．history books present objective information D．art can reflect political life of a country 4．In paragraph 2, the underlined part “another continent” refers to ______. A．Europe B．America C．Mexico D．Middle East 5．The passage is mainly discussing ______. A．the difference between general history and art history B．the development of art history C．the influence of artists on art history D．what we can learn from art history 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了解艺术史比上历史课能更好的了解一种文化，因为艺术作品中倾注了创作人的思想情感，可以更好地反映某个特定时期的历史以及某个特定地域的文化。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But art history focuses on much more than these because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.(但艺术史关注的远不止这些，因为艺术不仅反映了一个民族的政治价值观，而且还反映了宗教信仰、情感和心理)”可知，艺术史既反映了一个民族的政治价值观，也反映了宗教信仰、情感和心理。由此可知，“艺术史只关注宗教信仰、情感和心理”表述错误。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed.(在历史书中，关于一个国家政治生活的客观信息被呈现出来：也就是说，给出了政治事实，但是观点没有被表达出来)”可知，历史书只呈现客观历史事件，不会表达感情。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions.(另一方面，艺术是主观的：它反映情感和观点)”可知，艺术是主观的。然后作者用一些例子来支持自己的观点，包括The Third of May, 1808和Guernica这两个作品。由此推知，作者举这两个例子，就是为了证明艺术是主观的。故选A项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clements Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros ― as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez ― showed these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.(与此同时，在另一个大陆上，Diego Rivera, Jose Clements Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros他们这些大师的作品，以及Alfredo Ramos Martinez的作品，展示了这些墨西哥艺术家对社会问题的深深愤怒和悲伤)”可知，这些墨西哥艺术家指就是来自于another continent的艺术家们。由此可知，another continent指的是美洲。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general classes.(学习艺术史可能是了解一种文化的好方法，比在一般课堂上学到的要多)”可知，文章开篇点名主题，所以本文主要讲述了我们可以从艺术中学到什么。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期中）The Juneteenth celebration, held every year on June 19th, is a reminder of the end of slavery in the United States. The freeing of slaves started with Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (解放宜言) on September 22, 1862. Emancipation means setting free from another’s power. When slaves were emancipated, they were made into free men and women. The Emancipation Proclamation became official on January 1,1863, but it wasn’t until two and a half year later on June 19, 1865, that the last of the slaves in Texas were freed. Some slaves stayed on the plantations, and kept on working. The difference was that they were now free workers, and were paid. But many more left the plantations, as they felt that this was the first step toward freedom. Some went north and others headed off to find family in neighboring states. It was a very insecure time for the former slaves as they tried to fit into a society that had previously only thought of them as slaves. The celebration of June 19th every year gave stability to the lives of the members of the black community as they established themselves. Soon the June 19th celebration was known as “Juneteenth”. However, towards the turn of the century, the Juneteenth celebrations began to die down. Young people didn’t feel the same connection with the emancipation of the slaves. During the time of the Depression many people moved into cities, and it was difficult for them to take time off to celebrate Juneteenth. Then, during the Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, Juneteenth celebrations gathered new strength. On January 1, 1980, the Juneteenth celebrations received status as an official state holiday in Texas. Since then several states have followed Texas in making Juneteenth a state holiday. Juneteenth is a time for African-Americans and others living in the community to get together and celebrate their freedom. But why is this celebration still important today? To many African-Americans, Juneteenth is as important as any country’s Independence Day. It is a celebration of freedom and togetherness. 6．What is the purpose of the Juneteenth celebration? A．To memorize heroes of the Civil War. B．To honor the liberation of the slaves. C．To celebrate the Independence Day. D．To bring African-Americans together again. 7．Why do many people left the plantations after they were free? A．They thought they were not well-paid. B．They wanted to find a safe place. C．They had no place to stay there. D．They thought it as the first step towards freedom. 8．What is the difference for the former slaves working on the plantations after June 19,1865? A．They were free workers doing a paying job. B．They became owners of the plantations. C．They naturally fitted into the society. D．They didn’t get real freedom. 9．When did Juneteenth celebrations become official in Texas? A．On September 22, 1862. B．On January 1, 1863. C．On June 19, 1865. D．On January 1, 1980. 10．What can we learn from the text? A．It took three years for all slaves to get freedom. B．Juneteenth celebrations have been popular all the time. C．African-Americans placed a high value on Juneteenth. D．Depression boosted the development of Juneteenth celebrations. 【答案】6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国六月节的由来、发展历程以及其对非裔美国人的重要意义。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Juneteenth celebration, held every year on June 19th, is a reminder of the end of slavery in the United States.(每年6月19日举行的六月节庆祝活动，是对美国奴隶制结束的一种纪念)”可知，六月节庆祝活动的目的是纪念奴隶的解放。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But many more left the plantations, as they felt that this was the first step toward freedom.(但更多的人离开了种植园，因为他们觉得这是走向自由的第一步)”可知，许多人离开种植园是因为他们认为这是走向自由的第一步。故选D项。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some slaves stayed on the plantations, and kept on working. The difference was that they were now free workers, and were paid.(一些奴隶留在种植园继续工作。不同的是，他们现在是自由工人，并且有报酬)”可知，1865年6月19日之后，在种植园工作的前奴隶的不同在于他们是有报酬的自由工人。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“On January 1, 1980, the Juneteenth celebrations received status as an official state holiday in Texas.(1980年1月1日，六月节庆祝活动在德克萨斯州获得了正式州节日的地位)”可知，六月节庆祝活动在德克萨斯州于1980年1月1日正式成为州节日。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To many African-Americans, Juneteenth is as important as any country’s Independence Day. It is a celebration of freedom and togetherness.(对许多非裔美国人来说，六月节和任何一个国家的独立日一样重要。这是对自由和团结的庆祝)”可知，对非裔美国人来说，六月节和任何一个国家的独立日一样重要。由此推知，非裔美国人非常重视六月节。故选C项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）We do all sorts of things to attract birds to our yards-from feeders to the right kinds of plants. Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. Luckily, there’s a way to enjoy the birds even while you’re not looking. The Bird Photo Booth device captures (拍摄) birds as they land on a feeding dish, giving you an image of the creature in its natural setting. The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. This way of getting up close and personal with birds appealed to Lisa. When she moved to the United States, she saw birds she hadn’t seen before. She had married into a birdwatcher family and her academic background is in wildlife documentaries, so she was curious to get closer to the birds that were visiting her yard. She set up the photo booth, along with nest boxes equipped with cameras. Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. The device has given Lisa exactly the sort of experience she wanted. She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. The pictures are more than just a fun hobby for Lisa, however. She shares them online. “Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. So for whoever is interested in seeing their birds closer, I would recommend it,” she continued. “The Bird Photo Booth may not be for those who are not tech-savvy (精通技术的) or who have big fingers.” Patience, of course, is also required. Even though you’ve set up the device, it doesn’t mean the birds will come flocking (聚集) over immediately. 1．Why might people miss seeing birds in their yards? A．The birds are always flying away. B．They are busy doing other things. C．The birds are not interested in the yard. D．The camera is usually out of control. 2．What is Para.2 mainly about? A．What the Bird Photo Booth is made up of. B．How the Bird Photo Booth attracts birds. C．How the Bird Photo Booth works. D．What makes the Bird Photo Booth outstanding. 3．How did Lisa keep her garden? A．By making it natural. B．By tidying it up regularly. C．By setting up hunting nets. D．By using chemicals to kill insects. 4．How did Lisa feel about her experience with the Bird Photo Booth? A．She was discouraged. B．She was surprised. C．She was satisfied. D．She was confused. 5．What can we learn about the Bird Photo Booth? A．It may disturb birds. B．It requires little tech knowledge. C．It can attract birds immediately. D．It helps people learn more about nature. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了The Bird Photo Booth设备如何帮助人们观察和记录鸟类。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. (但有时这些一瞥太过短暂，或者因为我们正在忙别的事情而完全错过了鸟类。)”可知，人们有时会错过院子里的鸟，是因为他们正忙着做其他事情。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. (The Bird Photo Booth使用一个运动传感器来激活相机。当一只鸟坐在与一个小杠杆相连的喂食碗上时，相机会开始拍照和录像，这些照片和视频可以发送到另一个设备上。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了The Bird Photo Booth的工作原理，即The Bird Photo Booth是如何工作的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. (此外，她和家人还尽可能地让花园对野生动物友好，放弃使用杀虫剂，并选择对虫类和昆虫有益的植物。)”可知，Lisa是通过让她的花园更自然来保持她的花园的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. (她说她在某个地方看到了大约30种不同的物种。她说：“每天浏览我的照片是我一生中不想错过的日常乐趣。”)”可知，Lisa对她的The Bird Photo Booth体验感到非常满意。故选C。 5．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. (更多地了解自然总是一件好事，而这是一个很容易进入这个领域的方式。)”可知，使用The Bird Photo Booth可以帮助人们更多地了解大自然。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·天津·期中）One of the biggest icebergs(冰山) ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica. The giant block covers an area of about 6,000 sq km; that’s about a quarter the size of Wales, part of the United Kingdom. A US satellite observed (观察)the berg while passing over an area known as the Larsen C Ice Shelf (冰架). Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack(裂缝) in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it. The crack’s expansion had accelerated since 2014, making an upcoming calving(分离) ever more likely. The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored(监视). Currents and winds might eventually push it north of the Antarctic where it could become a serious threat to shipping. The American space agency’s Aqua satellite noticed clear water in the crack between the shelf and the berg. The water is warmer relative to the surrounding ice and air. The event was confirmed by other spacecraft such as Europe’s Sentinel-1 satellite-radar system. The new Larsen berg is probably in the top 10 biggest ever recorded. The largest observed in the satellite era was an object called B-15. It came away from the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000 and measured some 11,000 sq km. Sixe years later, parts of this super-berg still existed and passed by New Zealand. In 1956, it was reported that a US Navy icebreaker had met with an object of roughly 32,000 sq km. That’s bigger than Belgium. Unfortunately, there were no satellites at the time to follow up and confirm the observation. The Larsen C Ice Shelf has been known to produce bigger bergs. An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away. 6．How did researchers view the appearance of the new Larsen berg? A．It needed to be confirmed. B．It was smaller than expected. C．It came as no surprise. D．It was formed within a very short time. 7．What will researchers most probably do next? A．Study the satellite-radar system. B．Keep a close eye on the new iceberg. C．Try to find the cause of the calving. D．Focus on the clear water in the crack. 8．How was B-15 different from the iceberg discovered in 1956? A．B-15 was much bigger. B．B-15 was discovered earlier. C．B-15 was noticed by the satellite D．B-15 was founded by a navy icebreaker. 9．Why does the author mention the iceberg formed in 1986? A．To give an example of Larsen’s bergs. B．To compare it with the new berg. C．To show where Larsen’s bergs often go. D．To explain why Larsen produces big bergs. 10．What can be the best title for the text? A．The secret behind the phenomenon of calving. B．Larsen C Ice Shelf needs more attention. C．Some of the biggest bergs ever recorded. D．Giant iceberg breaks away from Antarctica. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然现象——巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack(裂缝) in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it. ”（十多年来，研究人员一直在跟踪拉森冰川上的一条大裂缝的发展，他们预计会出现这种情况）可知，研究人员认为Larsen berg的出现并不令人意外，故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored(监视). ”（短时间内，厚冰山不会移动得很远，也不会移动得很快。但它需要被监控）可知，研究人员接下来最有可能密切关注新冰山，故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The largest observed in the satellite era was an object called B-15. （卫星时代观测到的最大天体是一个叫做B-15）”和“In 1956, it was reported that a US Navy icebreaker had met with an object of roughly 32,000 sq km. That’s bigger than Belgium. Unfortunately, there were no satellites at the time to follow up and confirm the observation.”（1956年，据报道，一艘美国海军破冰船遇到了一个面积约32000平方公里的物体。比比利时还大。不幸的是，当时没有卫星跟踪和确认观测结果）可知，B-15和1956发现的冰川的不同之处，B-15被卫星记录下来了。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away.”（1986年，一个面积约9000平方公里的物体消失了。许多拉森冰山可以进入威德尔海，或者跟随洋流进入南大洋，甚至进入南大西洋。这个大陆架上的大量冰山最终会在英国海外地区南乔治亚附近的浅海大陆架上被捕获，在那里它们会逐渐消失）可推知，此处提到1986年形成的冰川是因为它是大型冰川消失的一个例子，故选A。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段中心句“One of the biggest icebergs(冰山) ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica. ”（有记录以来最大的冰山之一刚刚从南极洲脱离）可知，文章介绍巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。因此本文的最佳标题为“巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲”。故选D。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·天津·期中）Last Friday, a special event took place at the National Theater of Korea. A robot called EveR 6 led an orchestra in a performance of Korean music. Robots have led orchestras in other countries, but this was the first time in Korea. EveR 6 is a robot built by the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH). EveR 6 has joints in its neck, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. As a result, it can move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. EveR 6’s movements are based on movements “captured” from real human conductors. In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who led the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. But the robot’s greatest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” says Mr. Choi. But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats.” He said this created a situation where “the performers have to communicate with each other to follow the right beats.” Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. However, he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times. 11．What can we learn about EveR 6? A．It is trained by human conductors. B．It can wave its arms smoothly. C．It has performed in Korea many times. D．It is more advanced than other AI programs. 12．Who conducted the final piece of the concert? A．EveR 6. B．Mr. Choi. C．EveR 6 and Mr. Choi. D．Nobody 13．What is the biggest limitation of EveR 6? A．It cannot hear and respond to the orchestra. B．It has difficulty capturing humans’ movements. C．It cannot beat time with its fingers. D．It doesn’t have human-like facial expressions. 14．Which can best describe EveR 6 being used in daily practice? A．Unworkable. B．Hard-to-use C．Time-saving. D．Useful. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．EveR 6 brings conducting a bright future. B．Korean robot conducts orchestra. C．The war between robots and musicians is on. D．AI robots create music and perform it on stage. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了机器人指挥管弦乐队的情况。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a result, it can move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. (因此，它可以在许多不同的方向上快速而平稳地移动手臂)”可知它能平稳地挥动着手臂，故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who led the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. (两支由EveR 6指挥，两支由釜山爱乐乐团的指挥的崔秀荣指挥。两位指挥家在最后一首曲子中一起工作)”可知，在最后一首曲子中，是由EveR 6 和 Mr. Choi.一起完成的。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. But the robot’s greatest weakness is that it can’t hear.(Mr. Choi 对 EveR 6的行动方式印象深刻。但这个机器人最大的缺点是它听不见)”可知，它最大的局限性在于它不能听到，因此更不能回应管弦乐队。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times.(然而，他认为机器人在需要多次重复的练习中会有所帮助)”可知，在日常实践中，机器人是有帮助的，故是有用的，故选D。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Last Friday, a special concert took place at the National Theater of Korea. It included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by a robot called EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who leads the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece.(5日，在国立剧场举行了特别音乐会。它包括五段不同的音乐。其中两首由名为EveR 6的机器人指挥，两首由釜山市立交响乐团首席崔秀烈指挥。两位指挥家在最后的作品中合作过)”结合文章主要讲述的是EveR 6指挥管弦乐队的情况。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津西青·期中）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 16．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 17．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 18．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 2 and 3? A．Americans may view silence as a sign of respect to the old. B．Mexicans may remain silent to avoid appearing disrespectful. C．In Asian cultures, silence is primarily used to signal agreement in discussions. D．Silence in all cultures implies a lack of interest in the topic being discussed. 19．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 20．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence. B．What It Means to Be Silent. C．Silence to Native Americans. D．Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold. 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沉默在不同文化中的不同含义，并探讨了护士如何在护理中正确处理沉默。 16．细节理解题。根据文章中第一段的句子“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.(沉默可能被一些文化群体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话来填补每一个空白。其他文化群体的人看重沉默，认为沉默是理解一个人需求的必要条件。)”可知，沉默具有文化特异性，有些文化认为沉默是必要的，而有些文化则认为沉默令人不安。故选C项。 17．细节理解题。根据文章中第二段的句子“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.(许多印第安人重视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自这些文化的人正在讲话时，突然停下来，可能是在暗示这个人希望听者在继续之前考虑一下他说了什么。)”可知，中国人可能会将沉默视为深思的信号。故选A项。 18．细节理解题。根据文章中第三段的句子“However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.(然而，墨西哥人在受到权威人士的指示时可能会保持沉默，而不是粗鲁地与他或她争论。)”可知，墨西哥人可能会保持沉默以避免显得不尊重权威。故选B项。 19．细节理解题。根据文章中最后一段的句子“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.(了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的病人。)”可知，作者建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值来协助护理。故选D项。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容，特别是第一段的句子“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.(沉默可能被一些文化群体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话来填补每一个空白。其他文化群体的人看重沉默，认为沉默是理解一个人需求的必要条件。)”可知，文章主要讨论了沉默在不同文化中的含义及其在护理中的应用。所以，B项“What It Means to Be Silent(沉默意味着什么)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津河西·期中）Family get-togethers are a great way for family members to understand the lives of each other and strengthen family bonds. For younger family members, get-togethers can reinforce family traditions and can be learning experiences that help them to grow and mature. Traditional family get-togethers can include a meal and an activity such as going to see a movie. However, there are other ideas that can help make get-togethers memorable and provide moments that enrich the lives of family members. ________ One way to make a family get-together memorable is to give it an environmentally friendly theme. A garden can be planted, for example, including vegetables that can be eaten in future get-togethers. A tree could be planted and called the family tree. The family get-together could also be planned for a specific place such as a community nature center. The family could participate in an environmental project such as a neighborhood clean-up, or cleaning streams or roadsides. Be active Family get-togethers can have physical activity as a main focus of the fun. Families can gather at a beach and go swimming. Building sand castles also requires exertion, for it takes patience and imagination. Other beach activities can include kite flying and searching for shells. A family get-together can also be planned for a park that has a nature trail. A picnic meal can provide food, and everyone can take a hike for exercise. A family get-together can also have a sports theme when planned for a location that has a basketball court, tennis court or some other sporting venue. For places with snow, families can go sledding or skiing together. Museum or Historic Site A family get-together can also be an educational gathering. For example, a get-together planned at a museum can provide entertainment as well as educational value. Family members can talk and catch up with one another while touring the museum. Contact the local organization to find historical sites, which can provide memorable scenery to a family get-together. 21．According to the passage, which of the following is a way of traditional family get-together? A．Seeing a film. B．Planting a tree. C．Having a picnic. D．Visiting a historic site. 22．Which of the following is the best choice for the blank? A．Be planned. B．Family tree. C．Go green. D．Community nature center. 23．What does the underlined word “exertion” in Para. 3 really mean? A．Defect. B．Effort. C．Workshop. D．Expression. 24．If you want to have fun and learn a lot, which one is your best choice? A．A family planting a family tree. B．A family gathering at a beach. C．A family gathering of sports theme. D．A family gathering at a museum. 25．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To give us some advice on how to plan a family get-together B．To introduce some ways of making family get-togethers unusual C．To compare traditional family get-togethers with modern ones D．To tell us why and where we often need a family get-together 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统家庭聚会的方式，并提出了多种使家庭聚会更有意义和难忘的创新方式，如环保主题、体育活动、博物馆参观等。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Traditional family get-togethers can include a meal and an activity such as going to see a movie.(传统的家庭聚会包括吃一顿饭和看一场电影这样的活动。)”可知，传统的家庭聚会活动包括看电影和吃饭，故选A。 22．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的首句内容“One way to make a family get-together memorable is to give it an environmentally friendly theme.(让家庭聚会难忘的一种方式是给它一个环保主题。)”可知，第二段首句为本段的主旨大意，概括本段内容，故本段介绍的是进行环保主题的家庭聚会活动，故C项“环保”符合本段小标题，故选C。 23．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词exertion后文的内容“for it takes patience and imagination.(因为它需要耐心和想象力)”可知，后文提到堆沙堡需要耐心和想象力，故此处划线词与B项“Effort(努力)”意思相近，堆沙堡需要付出努力和精力，因为它需要耐心和想象力，故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A family get-together can also be an educational gathering. For example, a get-together planned at a museum can provide entertainment as well as educational value.(家庭聚会也可以是一种有教育意义的聚会。例如，在博物馆计划的聚会可以提供娱乐和教育价值。)”可知，博物馆聚会既有娱乐性又有教育意义，故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“However, there are other ideas that can help make get-togethers memorable and provide moments that enrich the lives of family members.(然而，还有其他想法可以帮助聚会变得难忘，并提供丰富家庭成员的时刻。)”以及后文每段的小标题“Go green(环保), Be active(保持活跃), Museum or Historic Site(博物馆或历史遗址)”的具体介绍可知，本文主要提出了多种使家庭聚会更有意义和难忘的创新方式，故文章的目的是为了介绍一些如何让家庭聚会与众不同的方式，故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）As a contraction of “hungry” and “angry”, the word “hangry” has only been in common use since the beginning of the century. Researchers have taken a step toward figuring out why irritability and puckishness (易怒和有点饿) go together like tomatoes and eggs, or chicken and mushroom. To study the phenomenon, Jennifer conducted an experiment. In the experiment, 118 students took part in a lab study, instructed to fast (禁食) for five or more hours before coming in, while the other group of 118 students were instructed to eat a meal before the experiment. Half of the students were instructed to write a short essay about their emotions to direct their attention to how they were feeling. The other half were told to write about an unemotional ordinary day. Then they were instructed to complete the boring task on the computer, sorting bright circles that were annoying to look at. As the student neared the end of the task, the computer was programmed to pop up (弹出) “the blue screen of death”, making it look as if the student’s computer had crashed (死机). Then a researcher would enter the scene and blame the student for the crash, telling him he had pressed the wrong button. After the experiment, the students were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their emotions and the quality of the experiment. The hungry students who had written about the ordinary day tended to criticize more, expressing more feelings of stress and anger. They evaluated (评估) the researchers as being more severe or more judgmental. However, the students who wrote about their emotions, focusing on their feelings before the task, did not share these same changes in emotions. In other words, with a little self-reflection, “hanger” can be removed. So, why does hunger cause anger? The reason is not clear, but at The Conversation Jennifer explains that previous studies have shown hunger activates (激活) many of the same physiological systems as emotions. Hunger causes the body to release the stress hormones. The hungrier you are, the more hormones are released, causing stress and urging you to take action, so you burst into anger. When you’re hungry — like when you’re having a strong emotion — it can temporarily change how you see the world. This is a concept called affect-as-information theory. “These findings suggest that the hangry feeling occurs when your hunger-caused negativity is blamed on the world around you,” Jennifer writes. “People don’t even realize they’re taking the wrong action.” 26．The author holds the point that ______. A．the research explained why hunger causes anger B．negative feelings would make people feel hungry C．anger is to hunger what chicken is to mushroom D．there is nothing to do to deal with the feeling of hanger 27．The students wrote a short essay in the experiment to make it possible to ______. A．test their writing skills B．study the phenomenon C．research the effect of short-term fasting D．investigate the impact of emotional awareness 28．How did the students who wrote about their emotions feel after the experiment? A．They were less affected emotionally. B．They felt more stressed and angry. C．They evaluated the researchers negatively. D．They were more critical of the experiment. 29．What role do hormones play in the development of “hanger”? A．They control the body to slow the development of the feeling of hunger. B．They play an important role in driving the person to burst into anger. C．They stop people from expressing their negative emotions freely. D．They help people reflect and recognize their mistakes themselves. 30．Which of the following may lead to “hanger”? A．You enjoy a rich dinner with your family. B．You wait an hour for your order at a restaurant. C．You jump the queue to buy something after lunch.| D．You help a boy with his broken bike on the way home. 【答案】26．C 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究通过对照实验表明饥饿的确可以引发愤怒，但情绪自我觉察可缓解该现象，其机制可以用情感信息理论解释——人们常将饥饿导致的负面情绪错误归因于外部环境。 26．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers have taken a step toward figuring out why irritability and puckishness (易怒和有点饿) go together like tomatoes and eggs, or chicken and mushroom. (研究人员在探索“为什么易怒和有点饿总是形影不离”这个问题上取得了进展——就像西红柿炒蛋或小鸡炖蘑菇那样，这两种状态总是相伴相生)”可知，作者将饥饿与愤怒的关系比作经典食物搭配，说明两者总是形影不离，C项“愤怒之于饥饿，犹如鸡肉之于蘑菇”复现了这个类比，表明饥饿与愤怒的天然关联性，契合作者的观点。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Half of the students were instructed to write a short essay about their emotions to direct their attention to how they were feeling. The other half were told to write about an unemotional ordinary day. (其中一半学生被要求撰写一篇关于自己情绪的短文，以引导他们关注自身感受。另一半学生则被要求描述一个平淡无奇的日常日子)”、第三段中“The hungry students who had written about the ordinary day tended to criticize more, expressing more feelings of stress and anger. (那些被要求记录日常生活的饥饿学生往往表现出更多批评态度，流露出更强的压力和愤怒情绪)”和“However, the students who wrote about their emotions, focusing on their feelings before the task, did not share these same changes in emotions. (然而，那些在任务前专注记录自身情绪的学生，并未出现同样的情绪波动)”可知，实验中研究者让学生撰写情绪短文或日常记录，最后的研究结果表明关注自身情绪者更少愤怒。由此可知，让学生写情绪短文是为了对比情绪觉察对饿怒的影响。故选D项。 28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, the students who wrote about their emotions, focusing on their feelings before the task, did not share these same changes in emotions. (然而，那些在任务前专注记录自身情绪的学生，并未出现同样的情绪波动)”可知，这部分学生较少受负面情绪影响。故选A项。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hunger causes the body to release the stress hormones. The hungrier you are, the more hormones are released, causing stress and urging you to take action, so you burst into anger. (饥饿会促使人体释放压力荷尔蒙。饥饿感越强烈，释放的荷尔蒙就越多，这会引发压力并促使你采取行动，最终导致你突然发怒)”可知，荷尔蒙在驱使人发怒方面起着重要作用。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Jennifer所说的话“These findings suggest that the hangry feeling occurs when your hunger-caused negativity is blamed on the world around you (这些研究结果表明，当你将饥饿引发的负面情绪归咎于周遭环境时，就会产生“饿怒”情绪)”可知，B项“你在餐馆等了一个小时才点餐”的情况下，你是饥饿的，且等待时间过长会让你难以忍受，这时你容易有“饿怒”情绪。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·天津和平·期中）Jules Verne is widely regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction. His “Extraordinary Voyages (航海)” series transport readers on grand adventures to the far reaches of Earth and beyond. But Verne did more than just tell entertaining stories — he also predicted over 100 modern-day inventions and technologies in his writings. For example, in the 1889 short story In the Year 2889, Verne painted a picture of a highly networked world with global multimedia communications. He described the “phono telephote,” which sent sound and images over great distances. The main character, Fritz Napoleon Smith, is able to easily communicate via this technology with his wife on another continent: “Mr. Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her... Mrs. Smith immediately appeared on the telephonic screen, with her features smiling and her eyes moist (潮湿的) with tears.” Verne’s technically-grounded adventure tales represented a new approach to imagining the future through fiction. Unlike other writers of his day who penned more fanciful or supernatural stories, Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic visions, always basing them on cutting-edge science and his own extensive research. This laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century and beyond. Verne is often thought of as a technological optimist, a champion of scientific progress and innovation. But his writings also reveal another perspective. Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine (潜艇) to violently attack ships. For Verne, human nature determined whether technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction. The spirit of adventure in Verne’s timeless stories will live on, continuing to inspire generations to push the boundaries of the possible and create the world of tomorrow. That is perhaps the greatest achievement of the extraordinary voyages of Jules Verne. 31．What is the main emphasis of Jules Verne’s “Extraordinary Voyages” series? A．The dangers of unchecked scientific progress. B．The prediction of modern-day technologies. C．The exploration of human nature through adventure. D．The balance between realism and fantasy in storytelling. 32．How does Mr. Smith contact his wife in In the Year 2889? A．By holding an in-person talk. B．By making a long-distance call. C．By sending a letter back home. D．By having an instant video chat. 33．What is the “hard science fiction” based on? A．The unrealistic fantasies. B．The fictional technologies. C．The latest research findings. D．The imagined future worlds. 34．What can we infer about Veme from Captain Nemo’s story? A．He is disappointed with human nature. B．He is aware of the danger of technology. C．He is in favour of scientific development. D．He is different from the writers of his time. 35．Which of the following best describes Jules Verne according to the text? A．Strong-willed. B．Fantasy-seeking. C．Positive-minded. D．Forward-thinking. 【答案】31．B 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科幻小说之父儒勒·凡尔纳的“奇异旅行”系列作品，包括其对现代科技的预测、创作风格，还提到他对科技的不同看法，以及其作品的影响力。 31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His ‘Extraordinary Voyages (航海)’ series transport readers on grand adventures to the far reaches of Earth and beyond. But Verne did more than just tell entertaining stories — he also predicted over 100 modern day inventions and technologies in his writings.(他的“奇异旅行”系列作品带领读者踏上前往地球遥远地区及更远地方的宏大冒险之旅。但凡尔纳不仅仅是讲述有趣的故事——他还在作品中预测了100多种现代发明和技术)”可知，该系列作品的重点在于对现代科技的预测。故选B项。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He described the ‘phono telephote,’ which sent sound and images over great distances. The main character, Fritz Napoleon Smith, is able to easily communicate via this technology with his wife on another continent: ‘Mr. Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her... Mrs. Smith immediately appeared on the telephonic screen, with her features smiling and her eyes moist (潮湿的) with tears.’(他描述了“有声电视电话”，它可以远距离传输声音和图像。主人公弗里茨·拿破仑·史密斯能够通过这项技术轻松地与在另一个大陆的妻子交流：“尽管与妻子相隔甚远，史密斯先生仍能清楚地看到她……史密斯夫人立刻出现在电话屏幕上，脸上带着微笑，眼睛里噙着泪水。”)”可知，史密斯先生是通过即时视频聊天与妻子联系的。故选D项。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlike other writers of his day who penned more fanciful or supernatural stories, Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic visions, always basing them on cutting edge science and his own extensive research. This laid the foundation for the ‘hard science fiction’ of the 20th century and beyond.(与他那个时代其他撰写更奇幻或超自然故事的作家不同，凡尔纳在他对未来的设想中追求现实主义，总是以前沿科学和他自己的广泛研究为基础。这为20世纪及以后的“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础)”可知，“硬科幻小说”是以最新的研究成果为基础的。故选C项。 34．推理判断题。根据五段中“Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine (潜艇) to violently attack ships. For Verne, human nature determined whether technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction.(他的许多故事中都有一个聪明但疯狂的科学家，其发明最终带来的危害大于好处。《海底两万里》中的尼摩船长用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只。对凡尔纳来说，人性决定了科技是一股善的力量还是破坏的源头)”可知，《海底两万里》中的尼摩船长用他的潜艇猛烈攻击其它船只，带来巨大危害，由此可以推断出，凡尔纳意识到了科技的危险。故选B项。 35．推理判断题。根据第一段中“he also predicted over 100 modern day inventions and technologies in his writings(他还在作品中预测了100多种现代发明和技术)”以及全文对他作品的介绍可知，儒勒·凡尔纳具有前瞻性思维。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津滨海新·期中）Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both questions is yes. To some extent (在某种程度上) our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius (天才) out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed (固定的) at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated (不相关的) people at random (随机地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical (完全相同的) twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates (表明) that environment as well as birth plays a part.This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who lives in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence. 11．Which of the following best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph One? A．To some extent, intelligence is given at birth. B．Intelligence is developed by the environment. C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid. D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment. 12．If a child was born with low intelligence, he can . A．become a genius. B．not reach his higher intelligence in his life C．develop his intelligence in rich and varied surroundings D．still become a genius if he works hard 13．The last paragraph mainly shows . A．the importance of birth B．the relationship between environment and birth C．the writer’s final conclusion D．the relationship between intelligence and environment 14．The key word of this passage would be . A．Education B．Intelligence C．Birth D．Influence 15．Which statement about the passage is true? A．All twins have similar degrees of intelligence. B．A man who is educated in university must make greater achievements than a man who works in a boring factory. C．Proper (适当的，合理的) education can change one’s intelligence at some degree. D．Education can’t make a child born with low intelligence cleverer. 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智力由先天和后天环境共同影响。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed (固定的) at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. (因此，一个人智力的限度在出生时就已固定，但他是否能达到这些限度则取决于他所处的环境。)”可知，作者在第一段中主要表达了智力在出生时就已固定，但会受到环境影响而发展的观点。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. (另一方面，一个生活在单调环境中的孩子，其智力发展会比生活在丰富多样环境中的孩子更少)”可知，低智力儿童在丰富环境中能发展智力。故选C。 13．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates (表明) that environment as well as birth plays a part.This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who lives in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence. (现在想象一下，我们将一对同卵双胞胎置于不同的环境中。例如，我们可能把其中一个送到大学，另一个送到工作枯燥的工厂。我们很快就会发现他们在智力发展上的差异，这表明环境和先天因素一样起着作用。另一个事实也支持这一结论：彼此密切接触但完全没有血缘关系的人，很可能具有相似的智力水平。)”可知，最后一段主要展示了智力和环境之间的关系。故选D。 14．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed (固定的) at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. (因此，一个人智力的限度在出生时就已固定，但他是否能达到这些限度则取决于他所处的环境。)”可知，文章围绕“智力”展开讨论，探讨了智力的先天因素和后天环境对其的影响，因此关键词应为Intelligence“智力”。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. (另一方面，生活在单调环境中的孩子比生活在丰富多变环境中的孩子智力发展要差。)”以及后文内容可知，虽然一个人的智力在出生时就已固定，但环境对其发展也有重要影响，合理的教育可以在一定程度上改变一个人的智力。C选项“Proper (适当的，合理的) education can change one’s intelligence at some degree. (合理的教育可以在一定程度上改变一个人的智力)”表述正确。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津北辰·期中）Electrical and electronic scrap(e-scrap) is now one of the fastest-growing types of waste and is projected to reach 74 million metric tons by 2030. E-scrap includes a wide variety of old electronic devices that include large household devices such as refrigerators, air-conditioning systems, smartphones, computers and other consumer electronics. Finding interesting, and cost-effective ways to reuse e-scrap could have many advantages for the environment, while also potentially reducing manufacturing (制造) costs. So far, however, the reuse of e-scrap has mainly been limited to the separation of valuable materials. Potentially, electronic waste could also be used in combination with renewable energy sources to build self-sustainable robots (SSR). Researchers at TU Wien have recently carried out a study exploring this possibility and have developed Scrapino, a robot built from e-scrap that uses renewable energy. The components used to build the robot include a combination of new and old materials recycled from electronic devices such as old scanner machines, printers, robots, computers and toys. The researchers used DC motors, ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) that can identify barriers in the surroundings, and LDR sensors that can detect light. In this way, the self-sustainable robot can move around its surrounding environment, searching for the best sunbathing spots in which it can collect energy by using a solar panel as its source of power. After charging its battery to over 50 percent, Scrapino can complete a number of tasks, for instance, greeting students around the university or providing useful information about ongoing conferences, workshops, lessons, etc. Nowadays, the massive production of robots has an impact on electricity consumption. Scrapino is a great example of reusing e-scrap and combining old and new technologies while also promoting lower electricity consumption and a cleaner environment. “SSR will provide a very good learning experience and show that robotics and renewable energy can go hand in hand and serve as a gateway to getting SSR from e-scrap,” the researchers wrote in their paper. In the future, this study could inspire other researchers to explore interesting ways in which e-scrap can be reused or recycled. 16．What does the author want to show us in paragraph 1? A．The abundance of household equipment. B．Advancements in electronic devices. C．The urgency of handling the e-scrap. D．Different recycling methods of e-scrap. 17．Which of the following puts the present reusing e-scrap at a disadvantage? A．The separation is technically demanding. B．The recycled materials cannot meet environmental requirements. C．The recycling processes involve high energy consumption. D．The materials from the e-scrap cannot get fully reused. 18．Why did the researchers equip Scrapino with DC motors and sensors? A．To provide Scrapino with basic mobility skills. B．To understand Scrapino’s source of energy. C．To let them act as the solar panels. D．To assess the surrounding working conditions. 19．What can we infer about the self-sustainable robot from the text? A．It will reform the creation of robots. B．It can be a pioneer to encourage researchers to go further. C．It has the ability to charge fast and steadily. D．It can be put into massive production as soon as possible. 20．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To list the benefits of self-sustainable robots. B．To explain the challenges of reusing e-waste. C．To show a novel way to reuse e-scrap. D．To demonstrate a new way of making use of robots. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了电子废料是增长最快的废料类型之一，目前其再利用主要局限于分离有价值材料。研究人员利用电子废料制成可持续机器人Scrapino，配备直流电机和传感器使其能移动，还能收集太阳能完成任务，为电子废料再利用提供新思路并有望激励更多研究。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“Electrical and electronic scrap(e-scrap) is now one of the fastest-growing types of waste and is projected to reach 74 million metric tons by 2030. E-scrap includes a wide variety of old electronic devices that include large household devices such as refrigerators, air-conditioning systems, smartphones, computers and other consumer electronics.(电气和电子废料（电子垃圾）现在是增长最快的废物之一，预计到2030年将达到7400万吨。电子垃圾包括各种各样的旧电子设备，包括冰箱、空调系统、智能手机、电脑和其他消费电子产品等大型家用设备)”可知，作者想在第一段向我们展示处理电子废料的紧迫性。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“So far, however, the reuse of e-scrap has mainly been limited to the separation of valuable materials.(然而，到目前为止，电子垃圾的再利用主要局限于有价值材料的分离)”可知，目前电子废料的再利用主要局限于有价值材料的分离，这意味着废料中的材料没有得到充分再利用，故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers used DC motors, ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) that can identify barriers in the surroundings, and LDR sensors that can detect light. In this way, the self-sustainable robot can move around its surrounding environment, searching for the best sunbathing spots in which it can collect energy by using a solar panel as its source of power.(研究人员使用了直流电动机、可以识别周围障碍物的超声波传感器，以及可以探测光线的LDR传感器。通过这种方式，这种自我可持续发展的机器人可以在周围环境中移动，寻找最好的日光浴点，并利用太阳能电池板作为动力源收集能量)”可知，研究人员给Scrapino安装直流电机和传感器是为了给Scrapino提供基本的行动技能。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, this study could inspire other researchers to explore interesting ways in which e-scrap can be reused or recycled.(在未来，这项研究可以激励其他研究人员探索电子垃圾再利用或回收的有趣方法)”可知，自我可持续机器人可以成为鼓励研究人员走得更远的先驱。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据第三段“Potentially, electronic waste could also be used in combination with renewable energy sources to build self-sustainable robots (SSR). Researchers at TU Wien have recently carried out a study exploring this possibility and have developed Scrapino, a robot built from e-scrap that uses renewable energy. The components used to build the robot include a combination of new and old materials recycled from electronic devices such as old scanner machines, printers, robots, computers and toys.(电子垃圾也可能与可再生能源结合使用，以制造自我可持续发展的机器人（SSR）。维也纳理工大学的研究人员最近进行了一项研究，探索了这种可能性，并开发了一种使用可再生能源的电子废料制造的机器人Scrapino。用于制造机器人的部件包括从旧扫描仪、打印机、机器人、电脑和玩具等电子设备中回收的新旧材料的组合)”结合文章电子废料是增长最快的废料类型之一，目前其再利用主要局限于分离有价值材料。研究人员利用电子废料制成可持续机器人Scrapino，配备直流电机和传感器使其能移动，还能收集太阳能完成任务，为电子废料再利用提供新思路并有望激励更多研究。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示一种重新利用电子废料的新方法。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津北辰·期中）Nature impacted the lives of people all around the world in different ways. For Nicki Voss, it led to the start of her small business, Textile pop, a quilt (被子) making and sewing class business. One day, Voss was walking along the Santa Clara River Trail and observed that, at a time of uncertainty when many businesses failed, one thing remained permanent: nature. Voss grew up going on camping trips with her family as a young girl, which taught her to appreciate her surroundings and the outside. “Although the leaves change colors with the seasons, nature never truly changes,” said Voss. Voss grabbed her camera, went to the Los Angeles Griffith Observatory, and photographed the scenic view of famous buildings that have appeared in numerous films and other pop culture mediums. She then began to make the photograph of downtown Los Angeles stand out on cloth. The quilt, titled “Downtown Los Angeles Quilt”, was made from 583 individually cut pieces of new fabric (织物), with each piece intentionally placed in the perfect location to create a contemporary art quilt. Voss has created numerous contemporary art quilts following her initial one. Ranging from bright colors to earth tones, Voss’ creations have risen from her photographs of California’s kinds of landscapes such as oak trees, the Central Coast, Death Valley, the Eastern Sierra Dusk, etc. After working for many years, Voss found herself wanting to do something different. Voss signed up with the College of the Canyons to take online classes concerning the ins and outs of company operations. “It was absolutely inspiring. I learned so much. I went through everything including the introduction to human resource management, business e-commerce, accounting, marketing... all of the details,” Voss said. “Then the idea started to take shape itself.” And when the time was right, she launched Textile pop. Voss offers a variety of course options for individuals of all ages interested in learning how to sew. Voss said people nowadays no longer learn manual (手工的) arts like they once used to. “Something as simple as sewing a button suddenly becomes a mystery,” Voss said. 21．What inspired Voss to start her business? A．Her passion for sewing and quilting. B．Her desire to teach others about nature. C．The close bond with family members. D．The constancy and stability of nature. 22．What did Voss do after obtaining the photographs of famous buildings? A．Add bright colors to them. B．Turn them into landscape paintings. C．Produce a short film using them. D．Translate the image onto cloth. 23．What does the author intend to reveal by mentioning a series of California’s landscapes? A．The diverse elements in Voss’ works. B．The accessibility of California’s landscapes. C．The commercial success of Voss’ art quilts. D．The impact of Voss’ art on natural landscapes. 24．Why did Voss take online classes through the College of the Canyons? A．To change her career path to teaching. B．To gain knowledge about running a business C．To broaden the network of relationships. D．To find inspiration for her art creation. 25．What is this text mainly about? A．Nicki Voss’ efforts to save the lost manual arts. B．The impact of nature on business innovation. C．Nicki Voss’ journey of sewing a new future. D．The significance of California landscapes in art. 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Nicki Voss受大自然启发，将自然风景照片制作成艺术被子，然后为了创业参加在线课程学习企业运营知识，最终创办了Textile pop提供缝纫课程的故事。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“One day, Voss was walking along the Santa Clara River Trail and observed that, at a time of uncertainty when many businesses failed, one thing remained permanent: nature.(有一天，沃斯沿着圣克拉拉河小径散步，他注意到，在一个许多企业倒闭、充满不确定性的时代，有一样东西是永恒的：大自然)”可知，自然的恒常性和稳定性激发了沃斯创业。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“She then began to make the photograph of downtown Los Angeles stand out on cloth. The quilt, titled “Downtown Los Angeles Quilt”, was made from 583 individually cut pieces of new fabric (织物), with each piece intentionally placed in the perfect location to create a contemporary art quilt.(然后，她开始在布上制作洛杉矶市中心的照片。这款名为“洛杉矶市中心被子”的被子由583块单独裁剪的新面料制成，每一块都被精心放置在完美的位置，以创造一个当代艺术被子)”可知，沃斯把洛杉矶市中心的照片呈现在布料上制作成了被子，故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据第四段“Ranging from bright colors to earth tones, Voss’ creations have risen from her photographs of California’s kinds of landscapes such as oak trees, the Central Coast, Death Valley, the Eastern Sierra Dusk, etc.(从明亮的色彩到大地色调，沃斯的作品都来源于她对加州各种风景的拍摄，比如橡树、中央海岸、死亡谷、东部黄昏山脉等)”可知，作者提到加州的一系列风景，想要揭示沃斯作品中的多元元素。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据第五段“Voss signed up with the College of the Canyons to take online classes concerning the ins and outs of company operations.(沃斯与峡谷学院签约，参加有关公司运营细节的在线课程)”可知，沃斯要参加峡谷学院的在线课程是为了获得经营企业的知识。故选B。 25．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“And when the time was right, she launched Textile pop. Voss offers a variety of course options for individuals of all ages interested in learning how to sew. Voss said people nowadays no longer learn manual (手工的) arts like they once used to.(当时机成熟时，她推出了Textile pop。沃斯为所有有兴趣学习如何缝纫的年龄的个人提供各种课程选择。沃斯说，现在人们不再像过去那样学习手工艺术)”结合文章主要讲述了Nicki Voss受大自然启发，将自然风景照片制作成艺术被子，然后为了创业参加在线课程学习企业运营知识，最终创办了Textile pop提供缝纫课程的故事，可知，这篇文章主要讲的是尼基·沃斯开创新未来的旅程。故选C。 主题01 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·天津南开·期中）It’s weird. Time feels faster the older we get. I can think back to an event three years ago, and it feels like yesterday. I still wear the same clothes. My haircut is the same. I live in the same place and eat the same food. Nothing much distinguishes that event from my present. Yet, for a child or teenager, three years can feel like a lifetime. Why does this happen? Children and teenagers experience significantly more change, more frequently, than adults. They grow taller, wear new clothes, switch schools, have different friends, and learn new things in class. It is a world of transition and change. As adults, many of these factors level out and don’t change at all. During adolescence, which researchers identify as between 10 and 25 years of age, the brain undergoes significant change. Laurence Steinberg, a heavy hitter in the adolescent research world, calls it a brain of “opportunity” because it is wide open to learning. Imagine thousands of neurons all bumping up against each other, equally likely to activate each other. Adolescents are highly sensitive to their environment because their brains are open to anything and everything happening to them. They use this openness to learn how the world works and how to function in it. When sex hormones come online, they enhance this learning through myelination (髓鞘形成), or the act of adding a fatty sheath on top of the highly active neurons to help them fire 100times faster than non-myelinated neurons. The brain takes what it learns and hardwires it. Stressful life events have a greater impact when they occur in adolescence versus middle childhood because the brain wires to teenage experiences. This is why we have a different experience of time. When we are teenagers, we are so open and receptive to the world. Our interactions with teachers, friends, material in class, parents, society, and more shape how we understand the world and how we operate in it. We experience big emotions, teaching us about relationships, responsibility, and everything else. It feels like so much happens every day because our brains are taking in so many things. As we get older, our brains aren’t wired to take in as many things from the outside world, or to learn in the same way. Therefore, three years ago can feel like yesterday: not much has changed in our brains, our perception, or our lived experience. 1．What is the author’s primary observation about time in the first paragraph? A．Personal habits like clothing and diet never evolve after youth. B．Physical appearance remains unchanged for years in adulthood. C．Adults’ stable routines make time feel faster than in childhood. D．Childhood memories feel more distant than recent adult experiences. 2．According to the article, why do children and teenagers perceive time as passing more slowly than adults do? A．Because their brains develop slower, delaying time perception. B．Because they lack the cognitive ability to track time accurately. C．Because their daily routines are less structured than those of adults. D．Because they experience more frequent and noticeable life changes. 3．Why do stressful events impact adolescents more? A．They lack emotional strength. B．Their brains are less developed. C．They experience fewer changes. D．Their brains hardwire experiences. 4．What can we infer about teenagers from the passage? A．They have less stress than adults. B．They are more likely to adapt to change. C．Their brains are less active than those of adults. D．They focus more on the present than the future. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Why Time Feels Faster as We Age. B．The Role of Change in Perception. C．How Teen Brains Shape Time Perception. D．The Impact of Hormones on Time Experience. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着年龄增长，人们对时间感知的变化，以及儿童、青少年和成年人在时间感知上的差异。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s weird. Time feels faster the older we get. I can think back to an event three years ago, and it feels like yesterday. I still wear the same clothes. My haircut is the same. I live in the same place and eat the same food. Nothing much distinguishes that event from my present. Yet, for a child or teenager, three years can feel like a lifetime. Why does this happen?(这很奇怪。我们越老，时间感觉越快。我可以回想起三年前的一件事，感觉就像昨天一样。我仍然穿着同样的衣服。我的发型还是老样子。我住在同一个地方，吃同样的食物。那件事和我现在的情况没有多大区别。然而，对于一个孩子或青少年来说，三年就像一辈子。为什么会发生这种情况？)”可知，在第一段中作者对时间的主要观察是成年人稳定的日常生活让人觉得时间比童年时过得快。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Children and teenagers experience significantly more change, more frequently, than adults.(儿童和青少年比成年人经历更多的变化，且更频繁)”可知，儿童和青少年与成年人对时间感知不同的原因是他们经历更多的变化。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Stressful life events have a greater impact when they occur in adolescence versus middle childhood because the brain wires to teenage experiences.(与童年中期相比，压力事件在青春期发生时影响更大，因为大脑会与青少年的经历建立连接)”可知，压力事件对青少年影响更大的原因是他们的大脑会将这些经历“连接”起来。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“Adolescents are highly sensitive to their environment because their brains are open to anything and everything happening to them.(少年对环境非常敏感，因为他们的大脑对发生的任何事情都保持开放)”可推知，青少年更容易适应变化。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s weird. Time feels faster the older we get.(这很奇怪。我们越老，时间感觉越快)”可知，文章主要讨论了随着年龄增长，人们对时间感知的变化，尤其是成年人与青少年在时间感知上的差异。选项A“为什么随着年龄增长，时间感觉过得越来越快”最符合文章标题，故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company based in China, has attracted global attention for its groundbreaking work in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning. Founded in 2015 by a team of computer scientists and engineers, the company aims to create AI systems that “understand humans like friends.” Its most famous product, an AI assistant named DeepMind, can answer complex questions, write essays, and even generate creative stories. One key innovation of DeepSeek is its focus on ethical AI development. Unlike some companies that prioritize profit over safety, DeepSeek follows strict guidelines to prevent misuse of its technology. For example, its AI models are programmed to refuse harmful requests, such as generating false information or violent content. Additionally, the company openly shares its research findings with universities to promote transparency. Education is another area where DeepSeek shines. In 2022, it launched “EduBot,” a free AI tutor designed to help students in rural areas access quality learning resources. EduBot provides personalized explanations for math problems, analyzes essay structures, and simulates English speaking tests. A survey showed that 73% of users improved their grades within six months of using the tool. Despite its success, DeepSeek faces challenges. Training advanced AI models requires enormous computing power, leading to high energy consumption. To address this, the company has invested in renewable energy projects and optimized its algorithms to reduce carbon emissions by 40% since 2020. Looking ahead, DeepSeek’s CEO stated, “Our next goal is to develop AI that assists scientific research, like discovering new materials or predicting climate change patterns.” With its balanced approach to innovation and responsibility, DeepSeek continues to shape a future where humans and AI coexist harmoniously. 6．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A．bring up the topic B．propose a definition C．present an argument D．reach a conclusion 7．What is a special feature of DeepSeek’s AI models? A．They focus on profit-making. B．They prioritize speed over accuracy. C．They refuse to cooperate with universities. D．They escape harmful content generation. 8．How did EduBot help students according to the text? A．By offering free laptops. B．By replacing human teachers. C．By providing quality learning resources. D．By organizing online competitions. 9．The underlined phrase “optimized its algorithms” (Paragraph 4) most likely means ______. A．reduced data security B．improved computer programs C．hired more engineers D．increased energy usage 10．What is DeepSeek’s future plan? A．To develop AI for gaming. B．To build the world’s fastest computer. C．To create AI for scientific research. D．To replace human workers in factories. 【答案】6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过客观陈述DeepSeek公司的发展历程、技术创新、产品应用及未来规划，旨在向读者说明该公司在AI领域的成就与愿景。 6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“DeepSeek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company based in China, has attracted global attention for its groundbreaking work in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning. (DeepSeek是一家总部位于中国的领先人工智能（AI）公司，因其在自然语言处理（NLP）和机器学习领域的开创性工作而备受全球关注)”可知，作者通过介绍DeepSeek的背景与成就引出主题。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For example, its AI models are programmed to refuse harmful requests, such as generating false information or violent content. (例如，其人工智能模型经过编程，会拒绝有害请求，比如生成虚假信息或暴力内容)”可知，DeepSeek的AI模型拒绝生成有害内容。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2022, it launched “EduBot,” a free AI tutor designed to help students in rural areas access quality learning resources. (2022年，该公司推出了“EduBot”，这是一款免费的人工智能辅导工具，旨在帮助农村地区的学生获取优质的学习资源)”可知，EduBot通过提供优质学习资源帮助学生。故选C。 9．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Training advanced AI models requires enormous computing power, leading to high energy consumption. To address this, the company has invested in renewable energy projects and optimized its algorithms to reduce carbon emissions by 40% since 2020. (训练先进的人工智能模型需要巨大的计算能力，这导致了高能耗问题。为了解决这一问题，该公司投资了可再生能源项目，并optimized its algorithms，自2020年以来已将碳排放减少了40%)”可知，DeepSeek通过改进算法来降低能耗。故optimized its algorithms意为“改进计算机程序”，与improved computer programs意思相符。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Looking ahead, DeepSeek’s CEO stated, “Our next goal is to develop AI that assists scientific research, like discovering new materials or predicting climate change patterns.” (展望未来，深势科技的首席执行官表示：“我们的下一个目标是开发能够辅助科学研究的人工智能，比如发现新材料或预测气候变化模式。”)”可知，DeepSeek的未来计划是开发用于科研的AI。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·天津北辰·期中）Many companies are pushing their employees to get back to the office, considering it critical for maintaining the company culture. According to Treehugger, the third industrial revolution would be the end of the office and in the future, it would be a coffee shop: “The major purpose of an office in the future is to interact, to get around a table and talk, and to chat.” I am so enthusiastic about the end of the office considering the carbon it would save. It is reflected in not just the gas in the cars or the building operations, but the massive carbon from building office buildings, subways, and other facilities designed to meet the peak demand of the commute (通勤). Many companies are settling into the concept of hybrid (混合的) offices, where employees work from home several days per week. The Carbon Counter of the Financial Times sees a picture in the U.S. where “there are bigger savings from homeworking, largely down to a cut in the time spent driving gas-guzzling (高油耗的) cars.” But people may move to bigger suburban houses, willing to have longer commutes, where they have twice the footprint of someone living in the city. The Carbon Counter estimates that full-time homeworking has a footprint of about 50% of fulltime office working in the U. S., but only a minor saving in carbon emissions with a switch to 3 days in the office and 2 at home, based on a 22-mile commute and a 40% increase in heating and electricity for those days working from home. Besides, no company is going to keep 100% of their office space for two-thirds of the number of people, especially when they are no longer worrying about social distancing. Companies will promote more “hot-desking” where employees do not have permanent personal spots, which many find makes the office less attractive, encouraging more people to work from home. I noted earlier there might be less demand for public transportation and highway expansion in the case of hybrid offices, but analyst John Kemp reports crowded subways are a feature, not a fault. Kemp also notes that “fully occupied central offices and transportation systems usually make very efficient use of energy.” 11．Why are lots of companies calling on employees to return to offices? A．To promote a relaxing working environment among them. B．To boost social contact and teamwork among them. C．To bring about another industrial revolution. D．To reduce unnecessary carbon footprints among them. 12．What makes the author in favor of putting an end to the office? A．Its contribution to his health. B．Its lowering the cost of the commute. C．Its environment-friendliness. D．Its giving him flexible working hours. 13．Which of the following might the Carbon Counter agree with? A．Full-time homeworking is more suitable for the U. S. B．Working from home is not easy to put into practice. C．Hybrid offices might not be so carbon-efficient. D．Many people in the U. S. have to face longer commutes. 14．What can we know about “hot-desking”? A．It results in social distancing. B．It contributes to people’s preference for working from home. C．It encourages people to improve social skills. D．It stimulates employees’ enthusiasm for work from home. 15．What is Kemp’s attitude towards hybrid offices? A．Negative. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Uncertain. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“混合型办公室”开始流行起来，比较了与传统办公室之间的区别和优缺点。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many companies are pushing their employees to get back to the office, considering it critical for maintaining the company culture.(许多公司都在敦促员工回到办公室，认为这对维护公司文化至关重要)”可知，许多公司呼吁员工返回办公室是为了维护公司文化，即促进他们之间的社会联系和团队合作。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“According to Treehugger, the third industrial revolution would be the end of the office and in the future, it would be a coffee shop: “The major purpose of an office in the future is to interact, to get around a table and talk, and to chat.”(根据Treehugger的说法，第三次工业革命将终结办公室，在未来，办公室将成为咖啡馆：“未来办公室的主要目的是互动，围坐在桌子旁交谈，聊天。”考虑到这样可以节省碳排放，我对办公室的终结非常感兴趣)”可知，作者赞成结束办公室是因为环境友好。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Carbon Counter estimates that full-time homeworking has a footprint of about 50% of fulltime office working in the U. S., but only a minor saving in carbon emissions with a switch to 3 days in the office and 2 at home, based on a 22-mile commute and a 40% increase in heating and electricity for those days working from home.(碳计数器估计，在美国，全职在家工作的碳足迹约占全职办公室工作的50%，但根据22英里的通勤距离和在家工作的时间增加40%的供暖和电力，将上班时间改为3天，在家工作的时间改为2天，只会减少少量的碳排放)”可知，混合型办公室可能不那么节能。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Companies will promote more “hot-desking” where employees do not have permanent personal spots, which many find makes the office less attractive, encouraging more people to work from home.(公司将推广更多的“办公桌轮换制”，即员工没有固定的个人位置，许多人认为这会降低办公室的吸引力，鼓励更多的人在家工作)”可知，“办公桌轮换制”有助于人们更喜欢在家工作。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I noted earlier there might be less demand for public transportation and highway expansion in the case of hybrid offices, but analyst John Kemp reports crowded subways are a feature, not a fault.(我之前提到过，在混合办公的情况下，公共交通和高速公路扩建的需求可能会减少，但分析师约翰·肯普认为，拥挤的地铁是一个特点，而不是缺点)”以及最后一段“Kemp also notes that “fully occupied central offices and transportation systems usually make very efficient use of energy.”(肯普还指出，“满员的中央办公室和交通系统通常会非常有效地利用能源。”)”可知，坎普支持传统办公室，对混合型办公室的态度是消极的。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·天津·期中）Flying down a mountain at high speed is exciting. Being surrounded by beautiful, snow-covered scenery is peaceful. It is not difficult to see why skiing is such a popular sport. Introduced to China just a few years ago, skiing has increased in popularity among sport lovers, including some high school students. Yi Dan, a senior high school student in Beijing, is planning to go to Harbin with her family and friends to ski over the coming winter holidays. “My father taught me to ski when I was 12. Since then I did it every winter,” she said. “I really like the feeling when you’re gliding (滑动) down the mountain. It is like flying.” While skiing today gives people a lot of pleasure and excitement, it was not invented for that reason. Skiing was started by people who enjoyed the feeling of pain. Modern downhill skiing was invented in 1643, by a Swiss named Phlogiston. As a member of a small group of masochists (受虐狂), Phlogiston was not satisfied by common self-harm activities, such as eating glass. After thinking over the matter for some time, he finally announced to his friends that he had found a solution. “It seems to me that if we attached long pieces of wood to our feet, and hurled (掷) ourselves down snowy mountain slopes, we could really do ourselves some serious damage.” Phlogiston went to the village blacksmith, who attached two pieces of wood to his feet. With this equipment, he managed to glide down a mountain before jumping into a valley never to be seen again. The success of the sport was assured. Modern skiing has improved greatly on Phlogiston’s original idea. People say that a distant cousin of Phlogiston was the first to realize that skiing could be made into a business. From a suicidal act, skiing became a sport, and from a sport, it became an industry. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．Skiing’s origin. B．Skiing’s popularity. C．Skiing’s future. D．Skiing’s benefits. 17．We can learn from the text that skiing ______. A．was invented in the 16th century B．was introduced to China not long ago C．was invented for pleasure and excitement D．is enjoyed most in China 18．What do we know about Yi Dan? A．She learnt to ski with the help of her friends. B．She is a Senior 1 student in Harbin. C．She likes the feeling of skiing. D．She went skiing every winter. 19．It can be inferred from the text that Phlogiston ______. A．made skiing into a business B．put his idea into practice with friends’ help C．came up with the idea suddenly D．hated having a peaceful life 20．What does the underlined word “suicidal” mean in English? A．self-killing. B．creative. C．self-taught. D．beneficial. 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了滑雪的起源。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第三、四、五段内容可知，本文主要介绍了滑雪这项运动的起源，滑雪一开始不是为了娱乐和刺激，而是为了享受痛苦，它是Phlogiston于1643年发明的。故选A 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Introduced to China just a few years ago, skiing has increased in popularity among sport lovers, including some high school students.(滑雪几年前才引入中国，在运动爱好者中越来越受欢迎，其中包括一些高中生。)”可知，滑雪运动几年前才传入中国，并没有多长时间。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I really like the feeling when you’re gliding (滑动) down the mountain. It is like flying.(我真的很喜欢滑下山的感觉。这就像飞行。)”可知，她喜欢滑雪的感觉。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As a member of a small group of masochists (受虐狂), Phlogiston was not satisfied by common self-harm activities, such as eating glass.(作为受虐狂小团体的一员，Phlogiston对常见的自残行为（如吃玻璃）并不满意。)”可知，Phlogiston是受虐狂，他有自残行为，由此可推测出，他不喜欢平静的生活。故选D。 20．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Modern downhill skiing was invented in 1643, by a Swiss named Phlogiston.(现代高山滑雪是1643年由一位名叫Phlogiston的瑞士人发明的。)”和倒数第二段中的“With this equipment, he managed to glide down a mountain before jumping into a valley never to be seen again.(有了这个设备，他设法滑下一座山，然后跳进一个山谷，再也看不见了。)”可知，Phlogiston最初发明的这种方法，他滑雪跳进一个山谷，然后消失了，这种滑雪行为是自杀式的，suicidal意为“自杀性的”，与self-killing意思一致。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $