专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（天津专用）（中考真题+中考模拟）-2026年天津中考英语总复习(语法+题型)

专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （天津专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals. If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish. There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water. Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea. 1．What is the colour of most lanternfish on top? A．Brown. B．Green. C．Red. D．Silver. 2．What does the word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quicker. B．Easier. C．Richer. D．Darker. 3．How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world? A．Over 152. B．Over 230. C．About 15. D．About 100. 4．In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________. A．drink water B．cook food C．send information D．fall asleep 5．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Space. C．Health. D．Nature. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了灯笼鱼的外形特征、生活习性以及发光功能。 1．细节理解题。根据“Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面)”可知，大多数灯笼鱼背部是棕色的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“the daylight becomes dimmer and dimmer…the daylight is almost gone”可知，随着深度增加，日光逐渐变弱直至几乎消失，因此“dimmer”意为“更暗的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world”可知，全球有超过230种灯笼鱼。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other”可知，灯笼鱼通过发光传递信息以互相识别。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕海洋生物灯笼鱼展开，介绍其自然特征，因此最可能出现在杂志的“自然”板块。故选D。 中考模拟真题练习 In recent years, garbage classification has become an important part of environmental protection. To make it easier for people, a company in Beijing has developed an AI smart garbage bin. This bin looks like a common trash can, but it has a special eye—a camera connected to an AI system. When you hold a piece of garbage near the bin, the camera takes a photo and sends it to the AI system. The system can recognize over 2,000 kinds of waste in 0.3 seconds, such as paper, plastic, glass and kitchen waste. Then, the corresponding door of the bin opens automatically, so you just need to put the garbage in. The AI smart bin also has a screen on its front. It shows how much each type of garbage has been collected. It can also play tips about garbage classification, like “Batteries are harmful waste, please put them in the red bin.” What’s more, the bin is connected to a mobile app. If the bin is full, it will send a message to the cleaning staff, telling them to empty it in time. Since it was put into use in 2024, the AI smart bin has been installed in many communities in Beijing. It helps people classify garbage correctly and makes environmental protection easier. However, some people still don’t know how to use it properly. The company is planning to add more functions, like voice guidance, to make it more user-friendly. 1．What does the AI smart garbage bin have as its “special eye”? A．A screen. B．A camera. C．A mobile app. D．A voice guide. 2．How many kinds of waste can the AI system recognize? A．Less than 2,000. B．Exactly 2,000. C．Over 2,000. D．About 3,000. 3．What can the screen on the bin do? A．Take photos of garbage. B．Send messages to cleaners. C．Show collection amounts of garbage. D．Open the bin doors automatically. 4．Why is the company going to add voice guidance? A．To make the bin more beautiful. B．To help people use it properly. C．To collect more kinds of garbage. D．To connect it to more apps. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Garbage classification is important. B．AI helps make garbage classification easier. C．Many communities use AI smart bins. D．The AI bin will have more functions. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了AI智能垃圾桶如何帮助人们更轻松地进行垃圾分类。 1．根据第二段“This bin looks like a common trash can, but it has a special eye—a camera connected to an AI system.”可知，AI智能垃圾桶的“特殊眼睛”是一个摄像头。 2．根据第二段“The system can recognize over 2,000 kinds of waste in 0.3 seconds”可知，AI系统可以识别超过2000种废物。 3．根据第三段“The AI smart bin also has a screen on its front. It shows how much each type of garbage has been collected.”可知，垃圾桶上的屏幕可以显示每种垃圾的收集量。 4．根据最后一段“However, some people still don’t know how to use it properly. The company is planning to add more functions, like voice guidance, to make it more user-friendly.”可知，公司要增加语音指导功能是为了帮助人们正确使用它。 5．根据全文内容，特别是第一段“To make it easier for people, a company in Beijing has developed an AI smart garbage bin.”以及最后一段“It helps people classify garbage correctly and makes environmental protection easier.”可知，本文主要介绍了AI智能垃圾桶如何帮助人们更轻松地进行垃圾分类，即AI使垃圾分类变得更容易。 We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated (模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures (榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e 5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩). The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes (月震) often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as 180°C during the day and as cold as-190°C at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space. The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035. 1．The lunar bricks are developed to ________. A．study the lunar soil B．build a base on the moon C．test the weather on the moon D．create stronger building materials on Earth 2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Normal bricks. B．Red bricks. C．Lunar bricks. D．The scientists. 3．Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant? A．They wanted to find materials. B．The simulant is different from real lunar soil. C．The soil on the moon changes from place to place. D．They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks. 4．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why lunar bricks need to be tested. B．How the lunar bricks were made. C．What the weather is like on the moon. D．How the lunar bricks were tested. 5．What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text? A．They were tested in China’s space station. B．A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth. C．Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks. D．They will soon be used to build a lunar research station. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了华中科技大学科学家们为在月球上建造基地而研发的“月壤砖”，包括其制造原理、结构特点、测试的必要性以及目前的进展。 1．细节理解题。根据第2段“Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology have developed ‘lunar bricks’. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.”可知，研发月球砖的目的是在月球上建造基地。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第3段“The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures…”可知，这里的“They”指代前一句的主语“The bricks”，即“lunar bricks”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第4段“Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon… This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks.”可知，因为月球上不同地方的土壤不同，所以需要测试不同种类的模拟月壤来挑选最佳材料。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。第5段主要说明月球砖需要经过充分测试的原因：月球环境恶劣，有月震、强辐射和极端温差。因此，本段主要讲的是为什么月球砖需要测试。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据第6段“The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.”可知，月球砖曾在中国的空间站接受测试。故选A。 The ocean is a huge and amazing world. It covers more than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface. The ocean is home to millions of living things, from tiny plankton to huge whales. The ocean is very important to us. It provides us with many things. For example, we get fish, shrimp and other seafood from the ocean. Seafood is an important part of many people’s diet. The ocean also gives us salt, which we use to cook food. Moreover, the ocean helps regulate (调节) the Earth’s climate. It absorbs (吸收) a lot of heat from the sun. This helps keep the Earth’s temperature stable. The ocean also produces a large amount of oxygen. About half of the oxygen we breathe comes from the ocean. However, the ocean is facing many problems. Pollution is a big threat. People throw plastic bags, bottles and other rubbish into the ocean. This hurts marine animals. Many animals mistake plastic for food and eat it, which causes them to die. Overfishing is another problem. Some fishermen catch too many fish, which reduces the number of fish in the ocean. We must protect the ocean. We can reduce plastic use by using reusable bags and bottles. We can also support sustainable fishing (可持续捕鱼). Governments should make stricter rules to stop ocean pollution. Everyone has a responsibility to protect the ocean. Let’s work together to keep the ocean clean and healthy. 1．How much of the Earth’s surface does the ocean cover? A．Less than one-third. B．More than two-thirds. C．About half. D．All of it. 2．What do we get from the ocean? ① Seafood         ② Salt         ③ Oxygen         ④ Plastic A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．Why is the ocean important to the Earth’s climate? A．It produces oxygen. B．It provides seafood. C．It absorbs heat from the sun. D．It gives us salt. 4．What problems is the ocean facing? A．Pollution and overfishing. B．Pollution and cold weather. C．Overfishing and lack of oxygen. D．Lack of salt and pollution. 5．What can we do to protect the ocean? A．Throw more plastic into the ocean. B．Ignore the ocean problems. C．Catch as many fish as possible. D．Use reusable bags and bottles. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海洋的面积、对人类的贡献、在调节气候中的作用，以及当前面临的污染和过度捕捞等问题，最后呼吁人们保护海洋。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It covers more than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface.”可知，海洋覆盖了地球表面超过三分之二的面积。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“we get fish, shrimp and other seafood from the ocean...The ocean also gives us salt”和第三段“The ocean also produces a large amount of oxygen.”可知，海洋为我们提供海鲜、盐和氧气。文中未提及海洋提供塑料。因此，我们能从海洋获得的是①②③。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It absorbs a lot of heat from the sun. This helps keep the Earth’s temperature stable.”可知，海洋对地球气候重要是因为它能吸收太阳的热量。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Pollution is a big threat.”以及“Overfishing is another problem.”可知，海洋面临污染和过度捕捞两大问题。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We can reduce plastic use by using reusable bags and bottles.”可知，使用可重复使用的袋子和瓶子是保护海洋的具体行动。故选D。 Squirrels (松鼠) are getting ready for winter. They are looking for nuts and seeds, digging holes in the ground or finding holes in trees. That’s where they store the food they will need during the coming months, when the weather is cold and sometimes snowy. Squirrels spend a lot of time in trees, which are like restaurants for them. Among their favorite things to eat are nuts and other parts of trees, like tender buds (花苞). Squirrels may also eat corn, insects and other animals. And, as anyone who has a bird knows, squirrels love bird food! Squirrels stay active all winter, so they need plenty of food to help keep up their energy. Squirrels tend to bury food underground, piece by piece. Some squirrels may gather food into piles that they put at the base of trees or bury underground. When they need food, squirrels use their memory and smell to help them find what they buried. Sometimes you will even see them digging through the snow. Squirrels make nests in trees. Some squirrels spend much of the winter in underground tunnels (地道) where it is warmer. When spring comes, squirrels change their eating habits to new plant growth, like buds and leaves. Sometimes they forget to dig up all their buried nuts. That’s why you’ll sometimes find a little tree growing in a place where neither you nor your family planted it. It must have been the squirrels. 1．To get ready for winter, squirrels do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A．store leaves to keep warm B．look for nuts and seeds C．find holes in trees D．dig holes in the ground 2．Why do squirrels spend a lot of time in trees? A．Because they can keep warm in trees. B．Because they can find bird food there. C．Because their favorite food is there. D．Because they can find insects there. 3．The underlined part “tend to bury” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A．never bury B．seldom bury C．usually bury D．hardly bury 4．According to the passage, we know that ________. A．squirrels do not eat any other animals B．squirrels sleep all the time during winter C．squirrels plant young trees when spring comes D．squirrels sometimes fail to find all of their buried nuts 5．The passage is mainly about________. A．what squirrels are like B．how squirrels spend winter C．where squirrels bury food D．why squirrels store food for winter 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了松鼠如何为冬季做准备，包括储存食物、寻找栖息处、冬季活动以及偶尔遗忘埋藏的坚果从而无意中帮助树木生长。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“They are looking for nuts and seeds, digging holes in the ground or finding holes in trees.”可知，松鼠为冬天做准备的活动包括寻找坚果种子、在地上挖洞、在树上找洞，未提及储存树叶保暖。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“Squirrels spend a lot of time in trees, which are like restaurants for them. Among their favorite things to eat are nuts and other parts of trees...”可知，它们在树上花很多时间是因为它们最喜欢的食物（坚果、树芽等）在那里。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第4段“Squirrels tend to bury food underground, piece by piece.”并结合上下文描述松鼠储存食物的习性可知，“tend to”在这里表示“倾向于，通常”的意思，“tend to bury”即“通常埋藏”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sometimes they forget to dig up all their buried nuts.”可知，松鼠有时会找不到所有埋藏的坚果。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕松鼠如何准备并度过冬季展开，详细描述了它们储存食物、寻找住所、冬季活动及春季习惯，核心是介绍松鼠如何过冬。故选B。 Lightning (闪电) is shocking, and it happens all over the world! Scientists think that there are more than three million lightning strikes (袭击) every day in the world—that’s thirty strikes every second. Lightning can also be very dangerous. Every year, lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it makes temperatures reach up to 28,000 degrees centigrade (摄氏度). American Roy Sullivan, who worked in a park, holds the record for surviving the most lightning strikes. Between 1942 and 1983, he was hit seven times! So, why does lightning strike? Lightning strikes happen when ice and water in clouds rub (摩擦) together, and cause atmospheric (大气层的) changes. When this happens, it creates a static charge (静电荷). Lightning can strike inside the cloud, between two clouds and between a cloud and the earth. It’s the last type of strike that is the most dangerous for humans. About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result. Lightning is certainly not something to play with. When lightning strikes, it’s best to stay inside a large building. To stay safe, do not stand under trees, on hills or near water. Trees attract lightning. Also, do not lie down on the ground; otherwise the electricity may go through you and cause a heart attack. 1．Lightning strikes ________. A．happen three billion times each day B．will start when there are big fires C．can reach very high temperatures D．kill all those who work in a park 2．What does the underlined word “surviving” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．目睹 B．幸存 C．制造 D．遇难 3．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________. A．lightning strikes are caused whenever ice and water meet B．lightning between two clouds is the most dangerous for humans C．lightning strikes can’t create a static charge D．about one tenth of the people struck by lightning die every year in America 4．Where’s the best place to be when lightning strikes? A．On the top of a hill. B．In a swimming pool. C．Under a tree. D．Inside a large building. 5．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The introduction of lightning. B．Protecting ourselves from lightning. C．Lightning is dangerous. D．The reasons for lightning. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了闪电的相关科普知识。 1．细节理解题。根据“Every year, lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it makes temperatures reach up to 28,000 degrees centigrade.”可知，每年都有人死于雷击，因为它会引发大火，还会产生高达28000摄氏度的高温。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“American Roy Sullivan, who worked in a park, holds the record for surviving the most lightning strikes. Between 1942 and 1983, he was hit seven times!”可知，曾在公园工作的美国人罗伊・沙利文，保持着遭遇雷击次数最多且幸存的纪录。在1942到1983年间，他被闪电击中过七次，因此此处surviving意为“幸存”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result.”可知，在美国，每年约有一千人被闪电击中，其中约一百人因此丧生，可推知在美国，每年被闪电击中的人当中，大约有十分之一会因此丧生。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“When lightning strikes, it’s best to stay inside a large building.”可知，当发生雷击时，最好待在大型建筑物内。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章可知，文章主要介绍了雷电发生频率 、危险性、形成原因及避险建议。故选A。 The 14th China Airshow was held from November 8th to 13th, 2024, in Zhuhai. Over 42 countries joined the show, such as America, Australia, the UK and many other countries. Among the different models of airplanes, the J-20 Drone surprised many people. Drones (无人机) are one of the best inventions in recent years. They are light and easy to carry, so they are popular. Small drones are often used for taking photos and light shows. Larger ones can smartly carry things to far places, for example, Meituan Takeout uses them to deliver food or packages (包裹) to offices in big cities like Shenzhen and Shanghai. Drones also help farmers: they check crops’ growth at different times a day, letting farmers look after five times more land than before. Scientists use underwater drones to get ocean CO2 information, a new way to study and protect the ocean. Besides these uses, drones are also becoming heroes in our society. They can help search for lost people in the mountains or deliver important medical things to hospitals quickly. Sometimes, they can even save lives during natural disasters (灾害). However, some experts are worried that drones may cause some problems. They think that some people may use the drones to do some bad things. For example, there are probably some robberies(抢劫) caused by the drones. Maybe some people use drones to steal (偷) some secret documents. Some people may even use them to hurt people. So the government should do something to guide people to use the drones in a right way. 1．How long did the 2024 China Airshow last? A．5 days. B．6 days. C．13 days. D．42 days. 2．Why are drones popular? A．They are big. B．They are cheap C．They can fly fast. D．They are light and easy to carry. 3．How does the writer show the uses of drones? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By giving facts. D．By comparing with other tools. 4．What does the text suggest the government do? A．Guide the proper use of drones. B．Stop using drones. C．Make more drones. D．Sell drones cheaply. 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The J-20 Drone at the 14th China Airshow B．How Drones Help People in Work and Life C．Drones: Uses, Problems and Proper Rules D．Why the Government Limits Bad Drone Use 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了无人机的使用及可能会导致的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“The 14th China Airshow was held from November 8th to 13th, 2024, in Zhuhai.”可知，2024年中国航展从11月8日持续到13日，一共6天。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“They are light and easy to carry, so they are popular.”可知，无人机受欢迎是因为它们轻便且易于携带。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Small drones are often used for taking photos and light shows. Larger ones can smartly carry things to far places,...Drones also help farmers...Scientists use underwater drones...They can help search for lost people...deliver important medical things...”以及“Sometimes, they can even save lives during natural disasters (灾害).”可知，文章通过这些例子来展示无人机的用途。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“So the government should do something to guide people to use the drones in a right way.”可知，文章建议政府引导人们正确使用无人机。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。文章先介绍了无人机受欢迎及用途，接着提到无人机可能带来的问题，最后建议政府引导正确使用，所以“Drones: Uses, Problems and Proper Rules”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Plant coral Before You Leave Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are often seen as the forests under the sea, as they are home to many sea animals. They are not only amazing to see, but they also protect the health of the water body and support the people who depend on them in many important ways. However, these natural wonders are going downhill quickly due to rising ocean temperatures, pollution, overfishing, and other harmful human activities. To help protect them, a resort in Bali, Indonesia, is inviting its guests to plant coral before leaving. The St. Regis Bali Resort has teamed up with an organization to give a new life to the coral reefs near its coast. They are working to restore the reefs using a method called MARRS. It involves man-made reef systems called “reef stars”, which are put together like a web on the seabed near other live coral. The “reef stars” are covered by sand and resins (树脂) and have local coral on them. These create an environment that encourages other coral and sea life to live here. So far, this method has been used in many places to help rebuild coral reefs. The resort believes that many hands make light work, so it invites its guests to take part. As the resort says, guests can receive and plant their own “reef stars” on the seabed, which creates a personal connection to ocean protection. The resort’s environmental efforts go beyond coral restoration. It also organizes coastal clean-ups and educates guests about using reef-safe products. These actions—involving more people in protecting the environment—are more than just projects. They are a strong reminder that caring for our planet is everyone’s responsibility. 1．Why are coral reefs often called the forests under the sea? A．Because they look like forests on the land. B．Because they are home to many sea animals. C．Because they can produce oxygen like forests. D．Because they are as large as forests. 2．Which of the following is NOT the reason for coral reefs going downhill? A．Rising ocean temperatures. B．Ocean pollution. C．Overfishing. D．Natural disasters. 3．What does the method MARRS involve? A．Planting trees near the coast. B．Using man-made reef systems called“reef stars”. C．Cleaning the seabed every day. D．Stopping guests from touching coral reefs. 4．What can we infer from the St. Regis Bali Resort’s actions? A．The resort only cares about coral restoration. B．Guests can make a personal connection to ocean protection by planting coral. C．The “reef stars” can’t help other coral and sea life live. D．The MARRS method is useless for rebuilding coral reefs. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the beautiful coral reefs in Bali. B．To tell us why coral reefs are important to the earth. C．To show how a Bali resort helps protect coral reefs and call on everyone to protect the planet. D．To explain the MARRS method and how it works. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了巴厘岛的一个度假村通过邀请客人种植珊瑚等方式来保护珊瑚礁，并呼吁大家保护地球。 1．细节理解题。根据“Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are often seen as the forests under the sea, as they are home to many sea animals.”可知，珊瑚礁常被称为海底森林是因为它们是许多海洋动物的家园。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, these natural wonders are going downhill quickly due to rising ocean temperatures, pollution, overfishing, and other harmful human activities.”可知，导致珊瑚礁衰退的原因有海洋温度上升、海洋污染、过度捕捞，不包括自然灾害。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“They are working to restore the reefs using a method called MARRS. It involves man-made reef systems called ‘reef stars’”可知，MARRS方法涉及使用被称为“礁星”的人造珊瑚礁系统。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“As the resort says, guests can receive and plant their own ‘reef stars’ on the seabed, which creates a personal connection to ocean protection.”可知，客人可以领取并在海底种植自己的‘礁星’，从而与海洋保护建立个人联系。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了巴厘岛的一个度假村如何帮助保护珊瑚礁，并呼吁大家保护地球。故选C。 Hainan’s Independent Customs (海关) Operation In December 2025, Hainan started its independent customs operation. It is a big step for China’s opening-up and a key milestone for building the Hainan Free Trade Port. Many people may think it means closing the island, but it is not true at all. The operation follows three main rules: open at the front line, controlled at the second line and free within the island. The front line is between Hainan and other countries. Most goods can come in without tariffs (关税) there. The second line is between Hainan and the Chinese mainland. Only a few special goods need strict checks here. Within the island, goods, money, and people can move freely and easily. For people, this policy brings great benefits. Tourists can buy more tax-free goods at lower prices in Hainan. Business people also get good chances. They can enjoy lower tax rates and simpler work processes to start businesses. Hainan’s goal is clear. By 2035, it will become a world-famous free trade port. This not only makes Hainan a great place for trade, travel and investment (投资), but also helps China connect with global (全球的) trade rules better. It shows China’s strong wish to open wider to the world. 1．When did Hainan start its independent customs operation? A．In November 2025. B．In December 2025. C．In January 2026. D．In February 2026. 2．What does “independent customs operation” mean to most people at first sight? A．Opening the island widely. B．Building a new port. C．Closing the island. D．Making new rules. 3．Which rule is about the line between Hainan and other countries? A．Open at the front line. B．Controlled at the second line. C．Free within the island. D．Strict checks for all goods. 4．What benefit can tourists get from the new policy? A．Live in Hainan for free. B．Buy cheap tax-free goods. C．Get free plane tickets to Hainan. D．Open shops easily in Hainan. 5．What is Hainan’s goal by 2035? A．To close to the world. B．To become a famous free trade port. C．To stop all imports and exports. D．To cut the number of tourists. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年12月海南启动独立海关运作这一事件，阐述了其对中国对外开放和海南自由贸易港建设的重要意义，介绍了运作遵循的规则，以及对人们带来的好处，还说明了海南到2035年的目标。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In December 2025, Hainan started its independent customs operation.”可知，海南在2025年12月启动独立海关运作。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people may think it means closing the island, but it is not true at all.”可推测，大多数人第一眼看到“independent customs operation”会认为是关闭岛屿。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“The operation follows three main rules: open at the front line, controlled at the second line and free within the island. The front line is between Hainan and other countries. Most goods can come in without tariffs (关税) there.”可知，关于海南和其他国家之间一线的规则是“前线开放”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Tourists can buy more tax-free goods at lower prices in Hainan.”可知，游客从新政策中能得到的好处是购买便宜的免税商品。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“By 2035, it will become a world-famous free trade port.”可知，海南到2035年的目标是成为一个著名的自由贸易港。故选B。 A clock’s ringing can make us wake up at the right time for school or work. We look at our watches to know the right time for the bus or train. However, there is also a right time to eat, sleep, exercise, and take medicine. We can’t look at a clock for the right time for these activities. We must listen to the clock inside our bodies: the biological clock. Barbara Wells exercised every morning. She woke up at 6:00 am. She ran about two miles before she went to work. But Barbara’s legs and back started to hurt. She did some exercises before she ran. But her legs and back still hurt. She ran slower, but the pain didn’t stop. Barbara talked to her doctor. The doctor said, “Don’t run in the morning. Try to exercise later in the day. That is the time when your body is at the right temperature for exercise after work.” Her legs and back didn’t hurt any more. Today, doctors are learning more about chronobiology (生物钟学), the study of biological clocks. They are learning about the importance of time for our bodies. For example, it is best for people to go to sleep on time every night and to eat only when they’re hungry. Also, doctors discovered that some illness, such as heart attacks, occur (发生) most often in the morning. This information tells them that the best time to take heart medicine may be at night. It may prevent a heart attack in the morning. Many doctors believe chronobiology can help us live healthier lives. It may be the right time to listen to these doctors! 1．We look at our ________ to know the right time for the bus or train. A．medicine B．watches C．temperature D．doctors 2．________, then her legs and back didn’t hurt any more. A．Barbara exercised in the morning B．Barbara did some exercises before she ran C．Barbara ran slower D．Barbara exercised later in the day 3．Chronobiology is about ________. A．people’s watches B．how people do exercises C．the study of biological clocks D．what medicine people take 4．The best time to take heart medicine may be ________. A．at night B．in the afternoon C．in the morning D．at noon 5．Which is correct according to the passage? A．We can look at a clock for the right time for everything. B．Barbara Wells ran about two miles before she went to work. C．Doctors are learning about the importance of time for our exercises. D．It is best for people to go to sleep late every night. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生物钟与人类健康的关系，通过具体事例和研究发现，阐明遵循生物钟对生活的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“We look at our watches to know the right time for the bus or train.”可知，我们通过看手表来判断公交车或火车的时间。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据医生的建议“Don’t run in the morning. Try to exercise later in the day.”及结果“Her legs and back didn’t hurt any more.”可知，Barbara在一天晚些时候锻炼之后，腿和背就不再疼了。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Today, doctors are learning more about chronobiology (生物钟学), the study of biological clocks.”可知，生物钟学是对生物钟的研究。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“This information tells them that the best time to take heart medicine may be at night.”可知，服用心脏药物的最佳时间可能是在晚上。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“She ran about two miles before she went to work.”可知，Barbara在上班前会跑大约两英里，B项正确。故选B。 What makes a camp great? Did you take part in a camp this summer? There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same. To choose which camp is best for you, first you must do a bit of research. Maybe you’ve never thought about it before, but every great summer camp has the same main goals—opportunity, challenge and growth. Opportunity means you are given a chance to do something special. It also makes you special because other kids don’t have the same opportunity. For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism camp. You may have the opportunity of meeting famous news reporters there. Challenge means you are given a task. You must finish the task, succeed in overcoming the challenge and then achieve your goal. Then you will have a sense of accomplishment. For example, you could take a lifeguard course at some summer camps. If you pass the exam, then you will receive a certificate (证书) to become a real lifeguard. This also leads to the third and most important goal of every great summer camp: personal growth. It doesn’t mean growing taller and stronger or more beautiful. It means seeing yourself improve: learning something new and doing something you didn’t know or believe you could do before. It also means becoming more confident in yourself. So in the future when choosing your next summer camp, remember to ask yourself: Is it a special opportunity? Is it a challenge? Will I grow? But what about friendship, fun and joy? These will all happen naturally when you have the right goals at summer camps. Enjoy yourself, make friends and learn cool new skills at a camp. There are all kinds of summer camps in the US. Some camps pay more attention to playing games and having fun. Other camps focus on developing a certain skill or ability. In general, if you can think of a camp, then it’s probably out there for you. You just have to find it. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s opinion? A．All the summer camps are the same. B．All great summer camps have the same main goals. C．Summer camps help you understand your research. D．There are too many summer camps nowadays. 2．If you want to be a news reporter, you can join ________. A．a journalism camp B．a lifeguard camp C．a fishing camp D．a speech camp 3．The sentence “you will have a sense of accomplishment” means “________”. A．you will overcome the challenge without much effort B．you will feel like doing more new and difficult tasks C．you will feel worried or anxious not completing the task D．you will feel pleased after finishing the task successfully 4．What is the most important thing for a child to learn from camps? A．He will grow taller and stronger. B．He knows how to take opportunities. C．He gets to learn new life-saving skills. D．He can improve and become more confident. 5．What will the writer probably write about in the following part? A．He will write about how to enjoy ourselves and make friends. B．He will tell us what cool skills can be learnt at summer camps. C．He will give several examples of summer camps in the US. D．He will introduce different types of games at summer camps. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文围绕“什么样的夏令营很棒”展开。 1．细节理解题。根据“Maybe you’ve never thought about it before, but every great summer camp has the same main goals”可知，作者认为所有很棒的夏令营都有相同的主要目标。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism camp. You may have the opportunity of meeting famous news reporters there.”可知，如果想成为新闻记者，可以参加新闻夏令营。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Challenge means you are given a task. You must finish the task, succeed in overcoming the challenge and then achieve your goal. Then you will have a sense of accomplishment.”可知，挑战意味着要完成任务，成功克服挑战并实现目标，之后会有成就感，即成功完成任务后会感到高兴。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“This also leads to the third and most important goal of every great summer camp: personal growth. It means seeing yourself improve: learning something new and doing something you didn’t know or believe you could do before. It also means becoming more confident in yourself.”可知，孩子从夏令营中学到的最重要的是个人成长，即看到自己进步，学习新事物，做以前不知道或不相信自己能做的事，变得更加自信。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“There are all kinds of summer camps in the US. Some camps pay more attention to playing games and having fun. Other camps focus on developing a certain skill or ability. In general, if you can think of a camp, then it’s probably out there for you. You just have to find it.”可知，接下来作者很可能会举例说明美国的夏令营。故选C。 In science museums, you usually see animal specimens (标本) lying silently. Now they are not quiet anymore. Thanks to AI, visitors to a museum in England can talk to them now. The museum works with an AI company so that it is possible for people and the natural world to communicate with each other. It brings 13 of its specimens back to life. Visitors only need to use their smartphones to scan the QR codes (二维码) next to the specimens to begin talking with them—either by text or voice. The animals will reply as if they’re still alive. This is a new way for people to learn about animals. The museum wants to see how AI can help people connect with nature better. “This is just a try using AI technology in natural science. It will help people know more about the specimen animals! Will it influence people’s opinions about them? For example, will people like the mouse better after hearing its voice? We’re not sure,” said Jack Ashby, a worker of the museum. And you don’t have to speak English, by the way—the animals are multilingual. So no matter what languages you speak, the animals can talk to you in a way that’s easy for you to understand. The project engineers hope to make people care more about the biodiversity crisis (生物多样性危机). Based on the most recent research, wildlife populations dropped by 69% between 1970 and 2018. And animals are dying out at a faster speed. Let’s hope the new technology will be both fun and helpful. 1．What does AI do in the science museum? A．It helps the animals to live longer. B．It helps the museum to make more money. C．It helps visitors to talk with the specimens. D．It helps the scientists to make specimens. 2．How does the writer express his opinion in Paragraph 5? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By explaining reasons. D．By asking questions. 3．What does the underlined sentence “the animals are multilingual” mean in Paragraph 6? A．The animals can’t speak any languages. B．The animals can speak only one language. C．The animals can speak two languages. D．The animals can speak several different languages. 4．Why does the museum work with the AI company? A．Because the museum hopes to make the number of animals increase. B．Because the museum wishes visitors to learn more about animals. C．Because the museum would like to help visitors communicate with each other. D．Because the museum wants to teach visitors how to use smartphones in the museum. 5．What does the writer hope new technology will be like? A．Interesting and useful. B．Cheap and smart. C．Smooth and safe. D．Convenient and fast. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一家博物馆利用AI技术让动物标本“复活”，游客可以通过扫描二维码与标本互动，从而更好地了解动物和自然。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In science museums, you usually see animal specimens lying silently. Now they are not quiet anymore. Thanks to AI, visitors to a museum in England can talk to them now.”可知，AI帮助游客与标本对话。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Will it influence people’s opinions about them? For example, will people like the mouse better after hearing its voice?”可知，作者通过连续提问表达对AI技术效果的疑问。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第六段“So no matter what languages you speak, the animals can talk to you in a way that’s easy for you to understand.”可知，不管你说什么语言，动物都能以一种你容易理解的方式与你交谈。因此，“the animals are multilingual”指动物能用多种语言与游客交流。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“The museum wants to see how this can help people connect with nature better.”可知，博物馆想看看这能如何帮助人们更好地与自然联系，包括多了解动物。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Let’s hope the new technology will be both fun and helpful.”可知，作者希望新技术既有趣又有用。故选A。 Lots of festivals were created in Chinese history. Here are some of them. The Spring Festival is celebrated on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar. On that day, people set off fireworks and share jiaozi with their family, especially the northern Chinese. During the Spring Festival people can’t sweep the room or argue with each other. People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th of the lunar calendar. The traditional activities include dragon boat races and having zongzi. In some areas, people believe that the day is an evil (邪恶的) day, and babies under one year old should be taken to their grandma’s home in order not to be hurt. The Mid-Autumn Festival takes place on August 15th of the lunar calendar. It is a special festival because wherever people are, they will try their best to go back home. People get together to enjoy the fullest and brightest moon of the year and have mooncakes. It is said that men are not allowed to join in the moon-worship ceremony (拜月仪式), because the moon is a woman. 1．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To introduce the Chinese history. B．To introduce the traditional Chinese festivals. C．To introduce the traditional activities. D．To introduce the development of China. 2．What do people usually do during the Spring Festival? A．Sweep the room. B．Eat zongzi. C．Have mooncakes. D．Share jiaozi with family. 3．What can we learn about the Mid-Autumn Festival? A．It is a time for family to get together. B．People only have mooncakes on that day. C．Women are not allowed to take part in the moon-worship ceremony. D．The date of the Mid-Autumn Festival is usually on August 14th. 4．Why do some people take babies under one year old to grandma’s home on the Dragon Boat Festival? A．To watch dragon boat races. B．To eat zongzi together. C．To keep the babies from being hurt. D．To celebrate the festival. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first lunar month. B．The southern Chinese don’t eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival. C．There are three traditional activities during the Dragon Boat Festival. D．This passage mainly introduces two traditional Chinese festivals. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国历史上的几个传统节日，包括春节、端午节和中秋节，以及这些节日的庆祝方式和相关习俗。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Lots of festivals were created in Chinese history. Here are some of them.”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了介绍中国历史上的传统节日。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On that day, people set off fireworks and share jiaozi with their family, especially the northern Chinese.”可知，在春节期间，人们通常会和家人一起分享饺子。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It is a special festival because wherever people are, they will try their best to go back home. People get together to enjoy the fullest and brightest moon of the year and have mooncakes.”可知，中秋节是一个家人团聚的时刻。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In some areas, people believe that the day is an evil (邪恶的) day, and babies under one year old should be taken to their grandma’s home in order not to be hurt.”可知，在一些地区，人们认为端午节是邪恶的一天，所以会把一岁以下的婴儿带到奶奶家，以免受到伤害。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Spring Festival is celebrated on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.”可知，春节是在农历正月初一庆祝的。故选A。 New Zealand is in the Pacific Ocean and it is made up of islands. The largest island is the South Island and the North Island is the second largest. Most people live on the North Island. 70% of New Zealanders are descendants (后代) from Europe. Their forefathers (祖先) started to arrive in New Zealand from Europe about 200 years ago as farmers and businessmen.17% are Maoris. The Maoris came to New Zealand from the Polynesian Islands probably around the tenth century. When the Maoris first arrived in New Zealand, they lived in villages and were excellent fishermen, hunters and farmers. Now many Maoris live and work in the large cities and take jobs in government, industries, medicine and education. They are proud of their culture and keep up many of the traditions which are part of their way of life. New Zealand has two official languages: English and Maori. Many places in New Zealand have Maori names. In 1865, Wellington took Auckland’s place and became the capital of New Zealand, but the largest city is Auckland. The two cities are on the North Island. New Zealand has high mountains, active volcanoes, lakes, rainforests and beautiful sandy beaches, which makes it a location for the movie The Lord of the Rings. New Zealand has mild (温和的) temperatures and lots of sunshine. January and February are the warmest months of the year, while July is the coldest. New Zealand has many special birds. The best-known is the kiwi. The kiwi, about the size of a large chicken, cannot fly. It is the symbol of the country and you can find pictures of kiwis on New Zealand stamps and coins. The kiwi is named after its calls—kewe, kewe. New Zealanders are also called Kiwis, but very few New Zealanders have ever seen a kiwi bird in the wild. 1．When did the Maoris arrive in New Zealand? A．About 10 years ago. B．About 85 years ago. C．About 200 years ago. D．About 1,000 years ago. 2．Why do the Maoris keep up many of their traditions now? A．Because their “great grandfathers” came from Europe. B．Because they were excellent fishermen, hunters and farmers. C．Because they are proud of their culture and way of life. D．Because they all live and work in the large cities now. 3．Which is the coldest month of a year in New Zealand? A．July. B．January. C．February. D．June. 4．What do we know about the capital of New Zealand? A．The capital is on the South Island of New Zealand. B．At first, Wellington was the capital but now Auckland is. C．Wellington was not the capital of New Zealand until 1865. D．The capital of New Zealand is the largest city in the country. 5．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined part “very few New Zealanders have ever seen a kiwi bird in the wild”? A．Many New Zealanders like the kiwi bird. B．The kiwi bird is actually a kind of animal in danger. C．The local people can see kiwi birds in the zoo. D．The kiwi bird doesn’t live in the wild any more. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了新西兰的地理、人口构成、毛利文化、气候特点及国鸟几维鸟的现状。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Maoris came to New Zealand from the Polynesian Islands probably around the tenth century.”可知，毛利人大约在10世纪（即1000年前）抵达新西兰。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They are proud of their culture and keep up many of the traditions which are part of their way of life.”可知，毛利人保持传统是因为他们为自己的文化和生活方式感到自豪。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“July is the coldest.”可知，新西兰最冷的月份是七月。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“In 1865, Wellington took Auckland’s place and became the capital of New Zealand”可知，惠灵顿在1865年成为新西兰首都。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“The best-known is the kiwi. The kiwi, about the size of a large chicken, cannot fly. It is the symbol of the country and you can find pictures of kiwis on New Zealand stamps and coins. The kiwi is named after its calls—kewe, kewe. New Zealanders are also called Kiwis, but very few New Zealanders have ever seen a kiwi bird in the wild.”可知，几维鸟是新西兰的象征，但很少有新西兰人在野外见过几维鸟，由此可推断出几维鸟是一种濒危动物。故选B。 Do you know black boxes? Black boxes are flight recorders placed in an aircraft for the purpose of making it easier to know how the accidents happened in flight. An airplane actually has two black boxes. The flight data recorder catches the information, which can discover whether human error (错误) or instrument problems contributed to an accident. The cockpit (驾驶舱) voice recorder records pilot voices and cockpit sounds. The black boxes are not black. They are painted bright orange to help with their recovery after accidents. The outside is covered with stripes of reflective tape (反光带). The black boxes are usually placed in the tail of a plane where they are more likely to survive (幸存) a crash (坠毁). A flight data recorder is required to store at least 25 hours of flight information. A cockpit voice recorder is required to record at least 2 hours of audio information. For the black boxes to survive a crash, they are built to be waterproof, fireproof, shockproof, heat and pressure and corrosion resistant (耐腐蚀). The black box must be able to hold 3,400 times the force of gravity, when the airplane goes down at the speed of about 500 km/h. It must also survive flames up to 1, 100 degrees Celsius for one hour, and the boxes should be able to give out a signal once per second while put under 6, 000 meters of saltwater for at least 30 days. How is data from black boxes picked up? It needs special skills to physically bring the black boxes back. Investigators may need to clean and dry the black boxes and download data from them. It takes time to download and get the information from data. If the storing units go wrong, it will take longer time, either days or months. So, the black boxes are very important to explain to everyone what happened during the flight. 1．What does the underlined word “recovery” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．恢复 B．找回 C．保存 D．覆盖 2．Which of the following sentence is True according to the passage? A．Black boxes help us know how flight accidents happen. B．It takes little time to download data from the black boxes. C．Black boxes are painted black with stripes of reflective tape. D．One black box is in the head of a plane and the other is in the tail. 3．Why are black boxes placed in the tail of a plane? A．Because it’s easier to paint them bright orange there. B．Because they can record more flight data in the tail. C．Because the tail is the safest part during a crash. D．Because the tail can protect them from water and fire. 4．In Paragraph 5, the writer uses numbers to show ________. A．the black boxes are strong enough B．the black boxes can help the plane land safely C．the black boxes can tell people the cause of the accident D．the black boxes can hold a lot of information about the plane 5．This passage mainly tells us ________. A．how long black boxes work B．how black boxes pick up data C．what messages black boxes carry D．what we know about black boxes 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了黑匣子的用途、外观、位置、构造以及数据获取等方面，让我们对黑匣子有了一定的了解。 1．词句猜测题。根据“They are painted bright orange to help with their recovery after accidents.”可知，涂成亮橙色是为了事故后便于找回它们，“recovery”意思是“找回”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Black boxes are flight recorders placed in an aircraft for the purpose of making it easier to know how the accidents happened in flight.”可知，黑匣子帮助我们了解飞行事故是如何发生的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The black boxes are usually placed in the tail of a plane where they are more likely to survive (幸存) a crash (坠毁).”可知，黑匣子放在飞机尾部是因为在坠毁时尾部是最安全的部分。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“The black box must be able to hold 3,400 times the force of gravity…and the boxes should be able to give out a signal once per second while put under 6, 000 meters of saltwater for at least 30 days.”可知，列举数字（如承受3400倍重力、1100℃高温、6000米深海压力等），均是为了证明黑匣子极其坚固故选A。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了黑匣子的用途、外观、位置、构造以及数据获取等方面，让我们对黑匣子有了一定的了解。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （天津专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals. If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish. There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water. Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea. 1．What is the colour of most lanternfish on top? A．Brown. B．Green. C．Red. D．Silver. 2．What does the word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quicker. B．Easier. C．Richer. D．Darker. 3．How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world? A．Over 152. B．Over 230. C．About 15. D．About 100. 4．In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________. A．drink water B．cook food C．send information D．fall asleep 5．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Space. C．Health. D．Nature. 中考模拟真题练习 In recent years, garbage classification has become an important part of environmental protection. To make it easier for people, a company in Beijing has developed an AI smart garbage bin. This bin looks like a common trash can, but it has a special eye—a camera connected to an AI system. When you hold a piece of garbage near the bin, the camera takes a photo and sends it to the AI system. The system can recognize over 2,000 kinds of waste in 0.3 seconds, such as paper, plastic, glass and kitchen waste. Then, the corresponding door of the bin opens automatically, so you just need to put the garbage in. The AI smart bin also has a screen on its front. It shows how much each type of garbage has been collected. It can also play tips about garbage classification, like “Batteries are harmful waste, please put them in the red bin.” What’s more, the bin is connected to a mobile app. If the bin is full, it will send a message to the cleaning staff, telling them to empty it in time. Since it was put into use in 2024, the AI smart bin has been installed in many communities in Beijing. It helps people classify garbage correctly and makes environmental protection easier. However, some people still don’t know how to use it properly. The company is planning to add more functions, like voice guidance, to make it more user-friendly. 1．What does the AI smart garbage bin have as its “special eye”? A．A screen. B．A camera. C．A mobile app. D．A voice guide. 2．How many kinds of waste can the AI system recognize? A．Less than 2,000. B．Exactly 2,000. C．Over 2,000. D．About 3,000. 3．What can the screen on the bin do? A．Take photos of garbage. B．Send messages to cleaners. C．Show collection amounts of garbage. D．Open the bin doors automatically. 4．Why is the company going to add voice guidance? A．To make the bin more beautiful. B．To help people use it properly. C．To collect more kinds of garbage. D．To connect it to more apps. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Garbage classification is important. B．AI helps make garbage classification easier. C．Many communities use AI smart bins. D．The AI bin will have more functions. We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated (模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures (榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e 5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩). The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes (月震) often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as 180°C during the day and as cold as-190°C at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space. The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035. 1．The lunar bricks are developed to ________. A．study the lunar soil B．build a base on the moon C．test the weather on the moon D．create stronger building materials on Earth 2．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Normal bricks. B．Red bricks. C．Lunar bricks. D．The scientists. 3．Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant? A．They wanted to find materials. B．The simulant is different from real lunar soil. C．The soil on the moon changes from place to place. D．They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks. 4．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why lunar bricks need to be tested. B．How the lunar bricks were made. C．What the weather is like on the moon. D．How the lunar bricks were tested. 5．What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text? A．They were tested in China’s space station. B．A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth. C．Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks. D．They will soon be used to build a lunar research station. The ocean is a huge and amazing world. It covers more than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface. The ocean is home to millions of living things, from tiny plankton to huge whales. The ocean is very important to us. It provides us with many things. For example, we get fish, shrimp and other seafood from the ocean. Seafood is an important part of many people’s diet. The ocean also gives us salt, which we use to cook food. Moreover, the ocean helps regulate (调节) the Earth’s climate. It absorbs (吸收) a lot of heat from the sun. This helps keep the Earth’s temperature stable. The ocean also produces a large amount of oxygen. About half of the oxygen we breathe comes from the ocean. However, the ocean is facing many problems. Pollution is a big threat. People throw plastic bags, bottles and other rubbish into the ocean. This hurts marine animals. Many animals mistake plastic for food and eat it, which causes them to die. Overfishing is another problem. Some fishermen catch too many fish, which reduces the number of fish in the ocean. We must protect the ocean. We can reduce plastic use by using reusable bags and bottles. We can also support sustainable fishing (可持续捕鱼). Governments should make stricter rules to stop ocean pollution. Everyone has a responsibility to protect the ocean. Let’s work together to keep the ocean clean and healthy. 1．How much of the Earth’s surface does the ocean cover? A．Less than one-third. B．More than two-thirds. C．About half. D．All of it. 2．What do we get from the ocean? ① Seafood         ② Salt         ③ Oxygen         ④ Plastic A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．Why is the ocean important to the Earth’s climate? A．It produces oxygen. B．It provides seafood. C．It absorbs heat from the sun. D．It gives us salt. 4．What problems is the ocean facing? A．Pollution and overfishing. B．Pollution and cold weather. C．Overfishing and lack of oxygen. D．Lack of salt and pollution. 5．What can we do to protect the ocean? A．Throw more plastic into the ocean. B．Ignore the ocean problems. C．Catch as many fish as possible. D．Use reusable bags and bottles. Squirrels (松鼠) are getting ready for winter. They are looking for nuts and seeds, digging holes in the ground or finding holes in trees. That’s where they store the food they will need during the coming months, when the weather is cold and sometimes snowy. Squirrels spend a lot of time in trees, which are like restaurants for them. Among their favorite things to eat are nuts and other parts of trees, like tender buds (花苞). Squirrels may also eat corn, insects and other animals. And, as anyone who has a bird knows, squirrels love bird food! Squirrels stay active all winter, so they need plenty of food to help keep up their energy. Squirrels tend to bury food underground, piece by piece. Some squirrels may gather food into piles that they put at the base of trees or bury underground. When they need food, squirrels use their memory and smell to help them find what they buried. Sometimes you will even see them digging through the snow. Squirrels make nests in trees. Some squirrels spend much of the winter in underground tunnels (地道) where it is warmer. When spring comes, squirrels change their eating habits to new plant growth, like buds and leaves. Sometimes they forget to dig up all their buried nuts. That’s why you’ll sometimes find a little tree growing in a place where neither you nor your family planted it. It must have been the squirrels. 1．To get ready for winter, squirrels do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A．store leaves to keep warm B．look for nuts and seeds C．find holes in trees D．dig holes in the ground 2．Why do squirrels spend a lot of time in trees? A．Because they can keep warm in trees. B．Because they can find bird food there. C．Because their favorite food is there. D．Because they can find insects there. 3．The underlined part “tend to bury” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A．never bury B．seldom bury C．usually bury D．hardly bury 4．According to the passage, we know that ________. A．squirrels do not eat any other animals B．squirrels sleep all the time during winter C．squirrels plant young trees when spring comes D．squirrels sometimes fail to find all of their buried nuts 5．The passage is mainly about________. A．what squirrels are like B．how squirrels spend winter C．where squirrels bury food D．why squirrels store food for winter Lightning (闪电) is shocking, and it happens all over the world! Scientists think that there are more than three million lightning strikes (袭击) every day in the world—that’s thirty strikes every second. Lightning can also be very dangerous. Every year, lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it makes temperatures reach up to 28,000 degrees centigrade (摄氏度). American Roy Sullivan, who worked in a park, holds the record for surviving the most lightning strikes. Between 1942 and 1983, he was hit seven times! So, why does lightning strike? Lightning strikes happen when ice and water in clouds rub (摩擦) together, and cause atmospheric (大气层的) changes. When this happens, it creates a static charge (静电荷). Lightning can strike inside the cloud, between two clouds and between a cloud and the earth. It’s the last type of strike that is the most dangerous for humans. About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result. Lightning is certainly not something to play with. When lightning strikes, it’s best to stay inside a large building. To stay safe, do not stand under trees, on hills or near water. Trees attract lightning. Also, do not lie down on the ground; otherwise the electricity may go through you and cause a heart attack. 1．Lightning strikes ________. A．happen three billion times each day B．will start when there are big fires C．can reach very high temperatures D．kill all those who work in a park 2．What does the underlined word “surviving” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．目睹 B．幸存 C．制造 D．遇难 3．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________. A．lightning strikes are caused whenever ice and water meet B．lightning between two clouds is the most dangerous for humans C．lightning strikes can’t create a static charge D．about one tenth of the people struck by lightning die every year in America 4．Where’s the best place to be when lightning strikes? A．On the top of a hill. B．In a swimming pool. C．Under a tree. D．Inside a large building. 5．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The introduction of lightning. B．Protecting ourselves from lightning. C．Lightning is dangerous. D．The reasons for lightning. The 14th China Airshow was held from November 8th to 13th, 2024, in Zhuhai. Over 42 countries joined the show, such as America, Australia, the UK and many other countries. Among the different models of airplanes, the J-20 Drone surprised many people. Drones (无人机) are one of the best inventions in recent years. They are light and easy to carry, so they are popular. Small drones are often used for taking photos and light shows. Larger ones can smartly carry things to far places, for example, Meituan Takeout uses them to deliver food or packages (包裹) to offices in big cities like Shenzhen and Shanghai. Drones also help farmers: they check crops’ growth at different times a day, letting farmers look after five times more land than before. Scientists use underwater drones to get ocean CO2 information, a new way to study and protect the ocean. Besides these uses, drones are also becoming heroes in our society. They can help search for lost people in the mountains or deliver important medical things to hospitals quickly. Sometimes, they can even save lives during natural disasters (灾害). However, some experts are worried that drones may cause some problems. They think that some people may use the drones to do some bad things. For example, there are probably some robberies(抢劫) caused by the drones. Maybe some people use drones to steal (偷) some secret documents. Some people may even use them to hurt people. So the government should do something to guide people to use the drones in a right way. 1．How long did the 2024 China Airshow last? A．5 days. B．6 days. C．13 days. D．42 days. 2．Why are drones popular? A．They are big. B．They are cheap C．They can fly fast. D．They are light and easy to carry. 3．How does the writer show the uses of drones? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By giving facts. D．By comparing with other tools. 4．What does the text suggest the government do? A．Guide the proper use of drones. B．Stop using drones. C．Make more drones. D．Sell drones cheaply. 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The J-20 Drone at the 14th China Airshow B．How Drones Help People in Work and Life C．Drones: Uses, Problems and Proper Rules D．Why the Government Limits Bad Drone Use Plant coral Before You Leave Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are often seen as the forests under the sea, as they are home to many sea animals. They are not only amazing to see, but they also protect the health of the water body and support the people who depend on them in many important ways. However, these natural wonders are going downhill quickly due to rising ocean temperatures, pollution, overfishing, and other harmful human activities. To help protect them, a resort in Bali, Indonesia, is inviting its guests to plant coral before leaving. The St. Regis Bali Resort has teamed up with an organization to give a new life to the coral reefs near its coast. They are working to restore the reefs using a method called MARRS. It involves man-made reef systems called “reef stars”, which are put together like a web on the seabed near other live coral. The “reef stars” are covered by sand and resins (树脂) and have local coral on them. These create an environment that encourages other coral and sea life to live here. So far, this method has been used in many places to help rebuild coral reefs. The resort believes that many hands make light work, so it invites its guests to take part. As the resort says, guests can receive and plant their own “reef stars” on the seabed, which creates a personal connection to ocean protection. The resort’s environmental efforts go beyond coral restoration. It also organizes coastal clean-ups and educates guests about using reef-safe products. These actions—involving more people in protecting the environment—are more than just projects. They are a strong reminder that caring for our planet is everyone’s responsibility. 1．Why are coral reefs often called the forests under the sea? A．Because they look like forests on the land. B．Because they are home to many sea animals. C．Because they can produce oxygen like forests. D．Because they are as large as forests. 2．Which of the following is NOT the reason for coral reefs going downhill? A．Rising ocean temperatures. B．Ocean pollution. C．Overfishing. D．Natural disasters. 3．What does the method MARRS involve? A．Planting trees near the coast. B．Using man-made reef systems called“reef stars”. C．Cleaning the seabed every day. D．Stopping guests from touching coral reefs. 4．What can we infer from the St. Regis Bali Resort’s actions? A．The resort only cares about coral restoration. B．Guests can make a personal connection to ocean protection by planting coral. C．The “reef stars” can’t help other coral and sea life live. D．The MARRS method is useless for rebuilding coral reefs. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the beautiful coral reefs in Bali. B．To tell us why coral reefs are important to the earth. C．To show how a Bali resort helps protect coral reefs and call on everyone to protect the planet. D．To explain the MARRS method and how it works. Hainan’s Independent Customs (海关) Operation In December 2025, Hainan started its independent customs operation. It is a big step for China’s opening-up and a key milestone for building the Hainan Free Trade Port. Many people may think it means closing the island, but it is not true at all. The operation follows three main rules: open at the front line, controlled at the second line and free within the island. The front line is between Hainan and other countries. Most goods can come in without tariffs (关税) there. The second line is between Hainan and the Chinese mainland. Only a few special goods need strict checks here. Within the island, goods, money, and people can move freely and easily. For people, this policy brings great benefits. Tourists can buy more tax-free goods at lower prices in Hainan. Business people also get good chances. They can enjoy lower tax rates and simpler work processes to start businesses. Hainan’s goal is clear. By 2035, it will become a world-famous free trade port. This not only makes Hainan a great place for trade, travel and investment (投资), but also helps China connect with global (全球的) trade rules better. It shows China’s strong wish to open wider to the world. 1．When did Hainan start its independent customs operation? A．In November 2025. B．In December 2025. C．In January 2026. D．In February 2026. 2．What does “independent customs operation” mean to most people at first sight? A．Opening the island widely. B．Building a new port. C．Closing the island. D．Making new rules. 3．Which rule is about the line between Hainan and other countries? A．Open at the front line. B．Controlled at the second line. C．Free within the island. D．Strict checks for all goods. 4．What benefit can tourists get from the new policy? A．Live in Hainan for free. B．Buy cheap tax-free goods. C．Get free plane tickets to Hainan. D．Open shops easily in Hainan. 5．What is Hainan’s goal by 2035? A．To close to the world. B．To become a famous free trade port. C．To stop all imports and exports. D．To cut the number of tourists. A clock’s ringing can make us wake up at the right time for school or work. We look at our watches to know the right time for the bus or train. However, there is also a right time to eat, sleep, exercise, and take medicine. We can’t look at a clock for the right time for these activities. We must listen to the clock inside our bodies: the biological clock. Barbara Wells exercised every morning. She woke up at 6:00 am. She ran about two miles before she went to work. But Barbara’s legs and back started to hurt. She did some exercises before she ran. But her legs and back still hurt. She ran slower, but the pain didn’t stop. Barbara talked to her doctor. The doctor said, “Don’t run in the morning. Try to exercise later in the day. That is the time when your body is at the right temperature for exercise after work.” Her legs and back didn’t hurt any more. Today, doctors are learning more about chronobiology (生物钟学), the study of biological clocks. They are learning about the importance of time for our bodies. For example, it is best for people to go to sleep on time every night and to eat only when they’re hungry. Also, doctors discovered that some illness, such as heart attacks, occur (发生) most often in the morning. This information tells them that the best time to take heart medicine may be at night. It may prevent a heart attack in the morning. Many doctors believe chronobiology can help us live healthier lives. It may be the right time to listen to these doctors! 1．We look at our ________ to know the right time for the bus or train. A．medicine B．watches C．temperature D．doctors 2．________, then her legs and back didn’t hurt any more. A．Barbara exercised in the morning B．Barbara did some exercises before she ran C．Barbara ran slower D．Barbara exercised later in the day 3．Chronobiology is about ________. A．people’s watches B．how people do exercises C．the study of biological clocks D．what medicine people take 4．The best time to take heart medicine may be ________. A．at night B．in the afternoon C．in the morning D．at noon 5．Which is correct according to the passage? A．We can look at a clock for the right time for everything. B．Barbara Wells ran about two miles before she went to work. C．Doctors are learning about the importance of time for our exercises. D．It is best for people to go to sleep late every night. What makes a camp great? Did you take part in a camp this summer? There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same. To choose which camp is best for you, first you must do a bit of research. Maybe you’ve never thought about it before, but every great summer camp has the same main goals—opportunity, challenge and growth. Opportunity means you are given a chance to do something special. It also makes you special because other kids don’t have the same opportunity. For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism camp. You may have the opportunity of meeting famous news reporters there. Challenge means you are given a task. You must finish the task, succeed in overcoming the challenge and then achieve your goal. Then you will have a sense of accomplishment. For example, you could take a lifeguard course at some summer camps. If you pass the exam, then you will receive a certificate (证书) to become a real lifeguard. This also leads to the third and most important goal of every great summer camp: personal growth. It doesn’t mean growing taller and stronger or more beautiful. It means seeing yourself improve: learning something new and doing something you didn’t know or believe you could do before. It also means becoming more confident in yourself. So in the future when choosing your next summer camp, remember to ask yourself: Is it a special opportunity? Is it a challenge? Will I grow? But what about friendship, fun and joy? These will all happen naturally when you have the right goals at summer camps. Enjoy yourself, make friends and learn cool new skills at a camp. There are all kinds of summer camps in the US. Some camps pay more attention to playing games and having fun. Other camps focus on developing a certain skill or ability. In general, if you can think of a camp, then it’s probably out there for you. You just have to find it. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s opinion? A．All the summer camps are the same. B．All great summer camps have the same main goals. C．Summer camps help you understand your research. D．There are too many summer camps nowadays. 2．If you want to be a news reporter, you can join ________. A．a journalism camp B．a lifeguard camp C．a fishing camp D．a speech camp 3．The sentence “you will have a sense of accomplishment” means “________”. A．you will overcome the challenge without much effort B．you will feel like doing more new and difficult tasks C．you will feel worried or anxious not completing the task D．you will feel pleased after finishing the task successfully 4．What is the most important thing for a child to learn from camps? A．He will grow taller and stronger. B．He knows how to take opportunities. C．He gets to learn new life-saving skills. D．He can improve and become more confident. 5．What will the writer probably write about in the following part? A．He will write about how to enjoy ourselves and make friends. B．He will tell us what cool skills can be learnt at summer camps. C．He will give several examples of summer camps in the US. D．He will introduce different types of games at summer camps. In science museums, you usually see animal specimens (标本) lying silently. Now they are not quiet anymore. Thanks to AI, visitors to a museum in England can talk to them now. The museum works with an AI company so that it is possible for people and the natural world to communicate with each other. It brings 13 of its specimens back to life. Visitors only need to use their smartphones to scan the QR codes (二维码) next to the specimens to begin talking with them—either by text or voice. The animals will reply as if they’re still alive. This is a new way for people to learn about animals. The museum wants to see how AI can help people connect with nature better. “This is just a try using AI technology in natural science. It will help people know more about the specimen animals! Will it influence people’s opinions about them? For example, will people like the mouse better after hearing its voice? We’re not sure,” said Jack Ashby, a worker of the museum. And you don’t have to speak English, by the way—the animals are multilingual. So no matter what languages you speak, the animals can talk to you in a way that’s easy for you to understand. The project engineers hope to make people care more about the biodiversity crisis (生物多样性危机). Based on the most recent research, wildlife populations dropped by 69% between 1970 and 2018. And animals are dying out at a faster speed. Let’s hope the new technology will be both fun and helpful. 1．What does AI do in the science museum? A．It helps the animals to live longer. B．It helps the museum to make more money. C．It helps visitors to talk with the specimens. D．It helps the scientists to make specimens. 2．How does the writer express his opinion in Paragraph 5? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By explaining reasons. D．By asking questions. 3．What does the underlined sentence “the animals are multilingual” mean in Paragraph 6? A．The animals can’t speak any languages. B．The animals can speak only one language. C．The animals can speak two languages. D．The animals can speak several different languages. 4．Why does the museum work with the AI company? A．Because the museum hopes to make the number of animals increase. B．Because the museum wishes visitors to learn more about animals. C．Because the museum would like to help visitors communicate with each other. D．Because the museum wants to teach visitors how to use smartphones in the museum. 5．What does the writer hope new technology will be like? A．Interesting and useful. B．Cheap and smart. C．Smooth and safe. D．Convenient and fast. Lots of festivals were created in Chinese history. Here are some of them. The Spring Festival is celebrated on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar. On that day, people set off fireworks and share jiaozi with their family, especially the northern Chinese. During the Spring Festival people can’t sweep the room or argue with each other. People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th of the lunar calendar. The traditional activities include dragon boat races and having zongzi. In some areas, people believe that the day is an evil (邪恶的) day, and babies under one year old should be taken to their grandma’s home in order not to be hurt. The Mid-Autumn Festival takes place on August 15th of the lunar calendar. It is a special festival because wherever people are, they will try their best to go back home. People get together to enjoy the fullest and brightest moon of the year and have mooncakes. It is said that men are not allowed to join in the moon-worship ceremony (拜月仪式), because the moon is a woman. 1．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To introduce the Chinese history. B．To introduce the traditional Chinese festivals. C．To introduce the traditional activities. D．To introduce the development of China. 2．What do people usually do during the Spring Festival? A．Sweep the room. B．Eat zongzi. C．Have mooncakes. D．Share jiaozi with family. 3．What can we learn about the Mid-Autumn Festival? A．It is a time for family to get together. B．People only have mooncakes on that day. C．Women are not allowed to take part in the moon-worship ceremony. D．The date of the Mid-Autumn Festival is usually on August 14th. 4．Why do some people take babies under one year old to grandma’s home on the Dragon Boat Festival? A．To watch dragon boat races. B．To eat zongzi together. C．To keep the babies from being hurt. D．To celebrate the festival. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first lunar month. B．The southern Chinese don’t eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival. C．There are three traditional activities during the Dragon Boat Festival. D．This passage mainly introduces two traditional Chinese festivals. New Zealand is in the Pacific Ocean and it is made up of islands. The largest island is the South Island and the North Island is the second largest. Most people live on the North Island. 70% of New Zealanders are descendants (后代) from Europe. Their forefathers (祖先) started to arrive in New Zealand from Europe about 200 years ago as farmers and businessmen.17% are Maoris. The Maoris came to New Zealand from the Polynesian Islands probably around the tenth century. When the Maoris first arrived in New Zealand, they lived in villages and were excellent fishermen, hunters and farmers. Now many Maoris live and work in the large cities and take jobs in government, industries, medicine and education. They are proud of their culture and keep up many of the traditions which are part of their way of life. New Zealand has two official languages: English and Maori. Many places in New Zealand have Maori names. In 1865, Wellington took Auckland’s place and became the capital of New Zealand, but the largest city is Auckland. The two cities are on the North Island. New Zealand has high mountains, active volcanoes, lakes, rainforests and beautiful sandy beaches, which makes it a location for the movie The Lord of the Rings. New Zealand has mild (温和的) temperatures and lots of sunshine. January and February are the warmest months of the year, while July is the coldest. New Zealand has many special birds. The best-known is the kiwi. The kiwi, about the size of a large chicken, cannot fly. It is the symbol of the country and you can find pictures of kiwis on New Zealand stamps and coins. The kiwi is named after its calls—kewe, kewe. New Zealanders are also called Kiwis, but very few New Zealanders have ever seen a kiwi bird in the wild. 1．When did the Maoris arrive in New Zealand? A．About 10 years ago. B．About 85 years ago. C．About 200 years ago. D．About 1,000 years ago. 2．Why do the Maoris keep up many of their traditions now? A．Because their “great grandfathers” came from Europe. B．Because they were excellent fishermen, hunters and farmers. C．Because they are proud of their culture and way of life. D．Because they all live and work in the large cities now. 3．Which is the coldest month of a year in New Zealand? A．July. B．January. C．February. D．June. 4．What do we know about the capital of New Zealand? A．The capital is on the South Island of New Zealand. B．At first, Wellington was the capital but now Auckland is. C．Wellington was not the capital of New Zealand until 1865. D．The capital of New Zealand is the largest city in the country. 5．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined part “very few New Zealanders have ever seen a kiwi bird in the wild”? A．Many New Zealanders like the kiwi bird. B．The kiwi bird is actually a kind of animal in danger. C．The local people can see kiwi birds in the zoo. D．The kiwi bird doesn’t live in the wild any more. Do you know black boxes? Black boxes are flight recorders placed in an aircraft for the purpose of making it easier to know how the accidents happened in flight. An airplane actually has two black boxes. The flight data recorder catches the information, which can discover whether human error (错误) or instrument problems contributed to an accident. The cockpit (驾驶舱) voice recorder records pilot voices and cockpit sounds. The black boxes are not black. They are painted bright orange to help with their recovery after accidents. The outside is covered with stripes of reflective tape (反光带). The black boxes are usually placed in the tail of a plane where they are more likely to survive (幸存) a crash (坠毁). A flight data recorder is required to store at least 25 hours of flight information. A cockpit voice recorder is required to record at least 2 hours of audio information. For the black boxes to survive a crash, they are built to be waterproof, fireproof, shockproof, heat and pressure and corrosion resistant (耐腐蚀). The black box must be able to hold 3,400 times the force of gravity, when the airplane goes down at the speed of about 500 km/h. It must also survive flames up to 1, 100 degrees Celsius for one hour, and the boxes should be able to give out a signal once per second while put under 6, 000 meters of saltwater for at least 30 days. How is data from black boxes picked up? It needs special skills to physically bring the black boxes back. Investigators may need to clean and dry the black boxes and download data from them. It takes time to download and get the information from data. If the storing units go wrong, it will take longer time, either days or months. So, the black boxes are very important to explain to everyone what happened during the flight. 1．What does the underlined word “recovery” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．恢复 B．找回 C．保存 D．覆盖 2．Which of the following sentence is True according to the passage? A．Black boxes help us know how flight accidents happen. B．It takes little time to download data from the black boxes. C．Black boxes are painted black with stripes of reflective tape. D．One black box is in the head of a plane and the other is in the tail. 3．Why are black boxes placed in the tail of a plane? A．Because it’s easier to paint them bright orange there. B．Because they can record more flight data in the tail. C．Because the tail is the safest part during a crash. D．Because the tail can protect them from water and fire. 4．In Paragraph 5, the writer uses numbers to show ________. A．the black boxes are strong enough B．the black boxes can help the plane land safely C．the black boxes can tell people the cause of the accident D．the black boxes can hold a lot of information about the plane 5．This passage mainly tells us ________. A．how long black boxes work B．how black boxes pick up data C．what messages black boxes carry D．what we know about black boxes 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $