专题01 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，安徽专用）高一英语下学期

专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽六安·期中） In today’s fast-paced world, studying for long hours without a break has become the norm for many students. However, this approach often leads to burnout, reduced concentration, and lower recollection rates. Studies have shown that taking regular study breaks is a key strategy for maintaining mental clarity, boosting productivity, and improving overall learning effectiveness. Michelle Connolly, an educational consultant, said, “Taking breaks during study sessions isn’t a luxury; it’s a necessity for both cerebral (大脑的) recovery and emotional well-being.” It’s about creating a harmonious blend that respects your mental boundaries while pushing the limits of your academic performance. Striking a balance is critical for peak cognitive performance and overall well-being. Integrating effective rest periods strategically into your study sessions can enhance your ability to learn and remember information. Cognitive performance benefits significantly from breaks. Breaks help ease mental exhaustion that accumulates during prolonged study. You might notice that after long periods of intense focus, your concentration starts to fade. This is because of cognitive load, a concept in cognitive science suggesting your brain has a limited capacity for information processing. When you take a break, you essentially allow your brain to “cool off” and reduce this load, thereby restoring your ability to concentrate and maintain focus during study. Attention Restoration Theory underlines the value of breaks, especially those involving nature or relaxation, to rejuvenate (恢复) your capacity for concentration. Likewise, the Conservation of Resources Theory suggests that by conserving mental resources through regular breaks, you can better manage stress and avoid burnout. One of the most popular methods is the Pomodoro Technique, which suggests studying for 25 minutes and taking a 5-minute break. After four cycles, you take a longer break, typically 15-30 minutes. This technique leverages the brain’s natural rhythms to keep it fresh and focused. By understanding the science behind study breaks and using strategies like the Pomodoro Technique, you can optimize your study sessions and maintain a balanced approach to learning. Remember, productivity isn’t just about working harder; it’s about working smarter — and studybreaks are a key part of that equation. 1．What is Michelle’s attitude toward putting breaks into study sessions? A．Approving. B．Indifferent. C．Skeptical. D．Neutral. 2．In what way do breaks contribute to cognitive performance? A．By removing mental exhaustion. B．By preventing cerebral focus resetting. C．By maximizing the brain’s capacity. D．By cutting down cognitive load. 3．Why are the different theories mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To present that different theories may contradict each other. B．To show the historical development of break-related theories. C．To emphasize the importance of physical exercise in study. D．To provide the theoretical support for the benefits of breaks. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should prioritize working harder over taking breaks. B．Regular breaks alone are enough to achieve the best academic results. C．True productivity combines scientific basis with practical strategies. D．More focus should be placed on short-term goals by students. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习中休息的重要性及相关科学原理和策略。 1．推理判断题。 根据第二段Michelle Connolly的话“Taking breaks during study sessions isn’t a luxury; it’s a necessity for both cerebral (大脑的) recovery and emotional well-being.(在学习期间适当休息并非是一种奢侈的行为；它对于大脑的恢复和情绪的健康而言都是必不可少的)”可知，Michelle认为在学习期间休息不是奢侈，而是大脑恢复和情感健康所必需的。由此可推知，她对在学习中加入休息持赞成的态度。故选A。 2．细节理解题。 根据第三段的“This is because of cognitive load, a concept in cognitive science suggesting your brain has a limited capacity for information processing. When you take a break, you essentially allow your brain to ‘cool off’ and reduce this load, thereby restoring your ability to concentrate and maintain focus during study.(这是因为认知负荷，认知科学中的一个概念表明你的大脑处理信息的能力有限。当你休息的时候，从本质上来说，你是让大脑“冷静下来”，减轻这种负担，从而恢复你在学习时集中注意力并保持专注的能力)”可知，休息可以让大脑“冷却”并减少认知负荷，从而恢复你在学习期间集中注意力和保持专注的能力。因此，休息通过减少认知负荷来提高认知表现。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Attention Restoration Theory underlines the value of breaks, especially those involving nature or relaxation, to rejuvenate (恢复) your capacity for concentration. Likewise, the Conservation of Resources Theory suggests that by conserving mental resources through regular breaks, you can better manage stress and avoid burnout.(注意力恢复理论强调了休息的价值，尤其是那些与亲近自然或放松身心有关的休息方式，它们有助于恢复你的注意力。同样，资源保存理论表明，通过定期休息来保存精神资源，你能够更好地应对压力，避免精力耗尽)”可知，两个理论都强调了休息的重要性，特别是那些涉及自然或放松的休息，可以恢复你的注意力集中能力，并通过定期休息来保存精神资源，从而更好地管理压力和避免倦怠。由此可推知，提到这些理论是为了为休息的好处提供理论支持。故选D。 4．推理判断题。 根据最后一段的“By understanding the science behind studybreaks and using strategies like the Pomodoro Technique, you can optimize your study sessions and maintain a balanced approach to learning.(通过了解学习间隙休息背后的科学原理，并运用像番茄工作法这样的策略，你可以优化自己的学习时段安排，并且保持一种平衡的学习方式)”可知，作者认为通过了解学习间隙背后的科学原理，并使用像番茄工作法这样的策略，可以优化学习并保持一种平衡的学习方法。由此可推知，作者暗示真正的生产力结合了科学基础和实际策略。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·马鞍山二中·期中） Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. For example, Roman engineers built thick concrete (混凝土) sea barriers, and Chinese builders raised walls against invaders. But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail. Recent research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice, beer, and even urine. These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal (愈合)” cracks when they form. With the rising threats of climate change, there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions (排放量) worldwide. Cement production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions. Many researchers have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BCE, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago”, said John Oleson, an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada. Researchers used to think the unevenly mixed chunks of limestone throughout the Roman material were a sign that the Romans were not mixing up their materials well enough. Instead, the scientists found that the chunks could fuel the material’s “self-healing” abilities. When cracks form, water enters the concrete, scientists explained. Then the water activates the leftover lime, creating new chemical reactions that can fill in the damaged sections. Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time it could not hold up heavy buildings. “You couldn’t build a modern skyscraper with Roman concrete,” Oleson said. “It would collapse when you got to the third story.” Instead, researchers are trying to take some of the ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. 1．What is the difference between ancient buildings and recent ones? A．Ancient buildings are able to heal cracks. B．Ancient buildings used expected materials. C．Ancient buildings were built with concrete. D．Ancient buildings are already starting to fail. 2．What does the underlined word “sustainable” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Splendid. B．Impressive. C．Ecological. D．Comfortable. 3．What can be inferred from John Oleson’s words in paragraph 4? A．Seawater has been hitting Roman structures for ages. B．The Roman structures’ concrete was poured long ago. C．The Roman Empire built concrete structures in 200 BCE. D．The Roman structures were free from seawater damage. 4．How does water contribute to the material’s “self-healing”? A．It fills in the damaged sections. B．It mixes with chunks of limestone. C．It enters the concrete when cracks form. D．It reacts with the leftover lime chemically. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了古代建筑使用了一些意想不到的材料，这些材料能随着时间推移变得更强，还能“自愈”裂缝，而现代建筑在可持续性方面面临挑战，研究者从古代建筑中寻找灵感，尝试将古代材料加入现代建筑材料中。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recent research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice, beer, and even urine. These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal (愈合)” cracks when they form.(最近的研究发现了一份令人惊讶的混入古代建筑的材料清单。它们包括树皮、火山灰、大米、啤酒，甚至尿液。这些意想不到的材料有可能随着时间的推移变得更强，并在裂缝形成时“愈合”裂缝)”以及第一段中“But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail.(但是现在有许多建筑已经开始出现问题了)”可知，古代建筑和新建建筑的区别在于古代建筑能够愈合裂缝。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions (排放量) worldwide. Cement production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions(最近的一份联合国报告估计，建筑环境产生的二氧化碳排放量占全球排放量的三分之一以上。仅水泥生产就占这些排放量的7%以上)”可知，建筑行业对环境造成了较大的碳排放影响。再结合划线词所在句“With the rising threats of climate change, there is a growing call to make construction more…(随着气候变化威胁的加剧，越来越多的人呼吁使建筑更加……)”可知，划线词所在句提到了气候变化威胁加剧，可推理出为了应对气候变化，建筑应该朝着更环保、生态的方向发展，所以“sustainable”意思是“生态的，可持续的”，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago”, said John Oleson, an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada.(加拿大维多利亚大学的考古学家约翰・奥列森说，即使在海水长期冲击建筑结构的地方，你也会发现混凝土“基本上还是2000年前浇筑时的样子)”可知，尽管海水长期冲击罗马建筑的结构，但是混凝土依然保持着2000年前浇筑时的样子，可推理出罗马建筑的结构没有受到海水的损害。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“When cracks form, water enters the concrete, scientists explained. Then the water activates the leftover lime, creating new chemical reactions that can fill in the damaged sections.(科学家解释说，当裂缝形成时，水会进入混凝土。然后水会激活剩余的石灰，产生新的化学反应，从而填补受损部分)”可知，水通过与剩余的石灰发生化学反应来促进材料的“自愈”。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽阜阳·期中） The Influence of Social Media on Youth Social media has become an important part of the lives of today’s youth. It offers a platform for them to connect with friends, share ideas, and express themselves. However, its impact is a double-edged sword. On one hand, social media provides numerous educational opportunities. Many educational institutions and organizations use social media platforms to spread knowledge. For example, there are language-learning groups where members can practice speaking with each other, and science-related pages that share the latest research findings. Youth can access a vast amount of information that can broaden their horizons and improve their learning. Moreover, social media helps in building social skills. Through online communication, young people can interact with peers from different backgrounds. They learn how to express their opinions clearly, understand different viewpoints, and develop empathy. For instance, in a debate group on social media, participants learn to respect others’ ideas while stating their own. On the other hand, social media also has its downsides. One of the major concerns is the issue of cyber-bullying. Some individuals use social media platforms to disturb (打扰), threaten, or spread rumors (谣言) about others. This can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of the victims, leading to depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Another problem is the addiction to social media. The constant stream of notifications (通知) and the need to stay updated can lead to overuse. Youth may spend hours scrolling through their feeds, ignoring other important aspects of their lives such as studies, physical activities, and face-to-face relationships. In conclusion, social media has a significant influence on youth. While it offers many benefits, it also poses several challenges. It is essential for parents, educators, and society as a whole to guide the youth to make the most of social media’s advantages and minimize its disadvantages. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To oppose the use of social media. B．To focus on the negative effects of social media. C．To promote the use of social media among youth. D．To discuss the positive and negative effects of social media on youth. 2．According to the passage, how does social media benefit youth educationally? A．It provides a platform for knowledge sharing and learning. B．It only focuses on language learning. C．It replaces traditional educational institutions. D．It makes youth lazy in learning. 3．What negative effect of social media is mentioned in the passage? A．Building social skills. B．Cyber-bullying. C．Connecting with friends. D．Improving learning. 4．How does the author view the impact of social media on young people? A．Unconcerned. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Positive. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体对年轻人的积极的和消极的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Social media has become an integral part of the lives of today's youth. It offers a platform for them to connect with friends, share ideas, and express themselves. However, its impact is a double-edged sword.(社交媒体已成为当今年轻人生活中不可或缺的一部分。它为他们提供了一个与朋友联系、分享想法和表达自己的平台。然而，它的影响是一把双刃剑)”指出社交媒体是年轻人生活中不可或缺的一部分，接着从两个方面进行论述。一方面阐述了社交媒体在教育和社交技能培养方面的积极作用，如根据第二段“Many educational institutions and organizations use social media platforms to disseminate knowledge.(许多教育机构和组织利用社交媒体平台传播知识)” 和第三段“social media helps in building social skills.(社交媒体有助于培养社交技能)”；另一方面又提到了社交媒体的消极影响，根据四段“On the other hand, social media also has its downsides. One of the major concerns is the issue of cyber-bullying.(主要问题之一是网络欺凌问题)”以及根据第五段“Another problem is the addiction to social media.(另一个问题是对社交媒体的依赖)”可知，文章主要是在讨论社交媒体对年轻人的积极和消极影响。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many educational institutions and organizations use social media platforms to disseminate knowledge. For example, there are language-learning groups where members can practice speaking with each other, and science - related pages that share the latest research findings.(许多教育机构和组织使用社交媒体平台来传播知识。例如，有语言学习小组，成员可以练习互相交谈，还有与科学相关的页面，分享最新的研究成果)”可知，社交媒体为知识分享和学习提供了平台。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the major concerns is the issue of cyber-bullying.(主要问题之一是网络欺凌问题)”可知，网络欺凌是文中提到的社交媒体的一个主要负面问题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。作者在文章中既谈到了社交媒体对年轻人的积极影响，如提供教育机会、培养社交技能等，又谈到了消极影响，如网络欺凌和成瘾问题。最后还提出要引导年轻人充分利用其优势，减少其劣势，这表明作者的态度是客观的。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·皖南八校·期中） Smartphones means that you can read the news, check the weather, and keep in touch with families and friends on social media. Being connected comes with a lot of benefits. But smartphones are not always good when they cause less family conversations or less attention in class. In January 2024, Brazil signed a bill to ban (禁止) smartphone use in schools, joining the trend (趋势) in the US and Europe. The law applies to public and private schools and isn't just limited to classrooms. Using smartphones in hallways is also not allowed. The law follows a growing ban against smartphone use in all of Brazil's states' schools including Rio de Janeiro. Almost two-thirds of schools in Brazil introduced limitations and 28 percent had complete bans. “Students were having trouble focusing,” a school's headmaster Meire Nocito said. “There was also the problem of social isolation (孤立). Many students who used technology too much would stay alone during breaks, only communicating through social media. Banning smartphone use has helped create a space for social interaction, developing relationships and teaching students to deal with disagreements and arguments, which are a normal part of human interactions. It has been very positive.” Brazilians have one of the highest smartphones use rates in the world. There are actually more phones than people in this South American country with 258 million devices for 203 million people. Brazilians spend over nine hours a day on their phones. This is a hard habit to break. Smartphones have been connected with physical and mental health issues. Mariana Waetge, a 13-year-old student, uses her smartphone to talk with friends and family and to find entertainment on Instagram. Now that she is forced to put her phone away at school, she has found new ways to interact with friends. Brazil, along with France and China, is limiting smartphone use in schools. This measure will not only improve students' academic performance but also make their mental health better. 1．What is not allowed since 2024 if you are a Brazilian student? A．Chat with classmates at breaks. B．Read online news outside classrooms. C．Use a phone to check the weather at home. D．Take photos with a smartphone in the park. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Measures to develop friendship. B．Ways of keeping focused in class. C．Reasons for banning smartphones. D．Advantages of smartphones. 3．Which is correct according to the text? A．Brazilians use their phones for only 9 hours every day. B．Each Brazilian owns a smartphone. C．Brazilians have a high rate of phone use. D．There are 258 million phones across South America. 4．What is the writer likely to talk about next? A．The ownership of smartphones in France and China. B．Advantages of current social media. C．Methods of balancing online entertainment and learning. D．Positive influences of no-phone school on students. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了巴西在 2024 年 1 月签署法案禁止在学校使用智能手机的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In January 2024, Brazil signed a bill to ban (禁止) smartphone use in schools, joining the trend (趋势) in the US and Europe. The law applies to public and private schools and isn't just limited to classrooms. Using smartphones in hallways is also not allowed.(2024 年 1 月，巴西签署了一项禁止在学校使用智能手机的法案，加入了美国和欧洲的这一趋势。该法律适用于公立和私立学校，且不仅限于教室。在走廊使用智能手机也是不被允许的)”可知，作为一个巴西学生，在学校范围内使用智能手机是被禁止的，因此，不可以在教室外面阅读网络新闻。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Students were having trouble focusing,” a school's headmaster Meire Nocito said. “There was also the problem of social isolation (孤立). Many students who used technology too much would stay alone during breaks, only communicating through social media. Banning smartphone use has helped create a space for social interaction, developing relationships and teaching students to deal with disagreements and arguments, which are a normal part of human interactions. It has been very positive.”(“学生们难以集中注意力，” 一所学校的校长梅雷・诺西托说。“还有社交孤立的问题。许多过度使用科技产品的学生在课间会独自待着，只通过社交媒体交流。禁止使用智能手机有助于创造一个社交互动的空间，发展人际关系，并教导学生处理分歧和争论，这是人类互动的正常部分。这是非常积极的。”)”可知，此段主要阐述了学生使用智能手机存在的问题以及禁止使用智能手机带来的好处，也就是在说明禁止在学校使用智能手机的原因。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Brazilians have one of the highest smartphone use rates in the world. There are actually more phones than people in this South American country with 258 million devices for 203 million people. Brazilians spend over nine hours a day on their phones.(巴西人是世界上智能手机使用率最高的人群之一。在这个南美国家，手机数量实际上比人口还多，2.03 亿人口拥有 2.58 亿部设备。巴西人每天花在手机上的时间超过 9 个小时)”可知，巴西人手机使用率很高。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Brazil, along with France and China, is limiting smartphone use in schools. This measure will not only improve students' academic performance but also make their mental health better.(巴西，连同法国和中国，正在限制学校使用智能手机。这项措施不仅将提高学生的学业成绩，还将改善他们的心理健康)”可知，文章最后强调了限制学校使用智能手机对学生的好处，接下来很可能会进一步阐述无手机学校对学生的积极影响。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期中） A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes. In 2007, an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study of the universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one. Though it’s not entirely unheard of for one event to launch an entirely new scientific inquiry, it is certainly uncommon. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. As years ticked by and no more FRBs were discovered, some astronomers began to conclude Lorimer had found nothing more than an unusual example of one of the perytons. Good news: in 2011, there was a report of a second FRB． Four more were found in 2013. Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last, the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from. Finally, this “unicorn” story came to a somewhat surprising end. Several years ago, a team reanalyzed the same data from the radio telescope by which Lorimer found the first FRB．There was one more that they had previously missed. Since then, other teams have analyzed even older data and found FRBs in those datasets too. “They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says. 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A．Negative. B．Curious. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 2．What is the purpose when unicorns are mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To indicate that the new scientific discovery might be a legend. B．To hint that mythical creatures might actually exist in reality. C．To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries. D．To cite an event that occurred in the field of science. 3．Why was it bad news that other FRBs found also came from Lorimer’s telescope? A．Because it might mean the results were not reliable. B．Because they were all found at almost the same time. C．Because these signals were labeled as perytons and turned out to be not real FRBs. D．Because not every astronomer had access to the same type of telescope as Lorimer. 4．What does the last sentence imply? A．Just one event might be enough to kick off a new scientific field. B．It’s unlikely to make a new scientific discovery without advanced research methods. C．Scientists shouldn’t deny new discoveries even if they lack evidence temporarily. D．It’s important for scientists to carefully tell the difference between true discoveries and data errors. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了快速射电暴（FRB）从发现到被广泛确认的科学探索过程。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented.(当洛里默的论文在期刊上发表时，许多人skeptical，这并不奇怪。“有时候，看似非凡的科学发现，结果却是数据错误，”一些人评论道。)”可知，许多人对洛里默的论文持怀疑态度，认为有时候看似非凡的科学发现结果是数据上的错误，skeptical“怀疑的”与D选项Doubtful“怀疑的”意思一致。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it for many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes.(一个发现独角兽的科学家可能不会在没多次见到它的情况下就这么说。然而，有时候，一只独角兽就足够了。)”和第二段“In 2007 an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study about universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one.(2007年，一位名叫邓肯·洛里默的天文学家报告称发现了一种新型天文事件。那是一股极为短暂且强大的能量流，能够从数十亿光年外的星系抵达地球。他将其命名为快速射电暴（FRB）。如果这一非凡发现确凿无疑，那么它将为宇宙研究做出巨大贡献。他预测还会发现更多此类事件，但那一年，他仅观测到了一起。)”可知，第一段提到独角兽是为了象征以前未知和未被发现的发现，C选项“To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries.(象征着以前未知和未被发现的发现。)”符合题意。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from.(但坏消息是：这些发现全部来自洛里默使用的那台射电望远镜。不过最终，在2014年，另一台射电望远镜也报告了快速射电暴的发现。此后，其他望远镜也开始较为定期地发现更多此类事件。最终，关于快速射电暴的讨论焦点从“它们是否真实存在”转移到了“它们源自何处”。)”可知，其他快速射电暴信号也都来自洛里默的同一台射电望远镜，这可能意味着结果不可靠，所以是坏消息。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says.(“它们一直就在那里，等待着更先进的技术将它们发现。”洛里默说道。)”可知，即使暂时缺乏证据，科学家也不应该否认新发现。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·安徽培优联盟·期中） Late at night on Aug 4, many students in Singapore found themselves unable to access their applications and information stored on their iPads and tablets. According to Singapore’s Ministry of Education, around 13,000 students from 26 secondary schools found that data on their devices had been deleted. This was due to a cyber-attack on Mobile Guardian, an official app used in education in Singapore. The app helps parents manage their children’s use of their devices, limiting screen time and access to certain websites and apps. The ministry stated that all cloud backup information had been recovered by Aug 7. This event has attracted attention to whether education has become too dependent on digital technology. “I’m very upset as (using electronic devices) distracts the boys unnecessarily,” a parent whose son attends St Andrew’s Secondary School in Singapore said to The New Paper. Singapore is not the only country finding that digital education may not be as good as people thought. Denmark is a country long known for pushing forward digital education. But in December 2023, Denmark published recommendations for screen time and the use of digital tools in upper secondary education, according to the official website of the European Commission. This move may be due to the fact that, in a 2022 assessment, Danish students’ performance in maths and reading saw a sharp fall, noted Capital, a German business publication. Experts then looked into the problem. They found that students in Denmark spent an average of 3.8 hours per day in front of electronic devices in school. A report published by the Danish National Institute of Public Health in January stated that students struggle to concentrate due to the amount of time spent on digital devices. Similarly, in Sweden, experts have questioned whether the country’s digitalized system of education has caused students to become worse at important basic skills, such as reading and writing. An increasing number of schools are now focusing on printed books instead of tablets. “There’s clear scientific evidence that digital tools harm rather than enhance student learning,” Sweden’s Karolinska Institution stated in 2023. UNESCO also called for “appropriate use of technology in education”, warning countries that technology should never replace in-person teacher-led instruction. 1．What caused the problem for the students in Singapore? A．A hacking-in. B．A power-out. C. Breakdown of devices. D．An official ban. 2．Why did the Danish government restrict the screen time for secondary school students? A．To protect their health. B．To push forward digital education. C．To reduce distractions from study. D．To conserve the environment. 3．What is UNESCO’s attitude towards the use of digital learning? A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．A new trend in the education industry in Singapore. B．Countries rethinking digital study. C．Singapore’s education reforms. D．Singapore students fail to access digital resources. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以新加坡网络攻击事件为切入点，主要探讨多国因数字教育问题重新审视其在教育中的应用，反思过度依赖的弊端。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This was due to a cyber-attack on Mobile Guardian, an official app used in education in Singapore.(这是由于新加坡教育官方应用程序Mobile Guardian遭到网络攻击)”可知，新加坡学生设备数据丢失的原因是“黑客入侵”。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A report published by the Danish National Institute of Public Health in January stated that students struggle to concentrate due to the amount of time spent on digital devices.(丹麦国家公共卫生研究院1月发布的一份报告指出，学生因在数字设备上花费大量时间而难以集中注意力)”可知，丹麦政府限制屏幕时间是为了减少学习中的干扰，帮助学生集中注意力。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“UNESCO also called for “appropriate use of technology in education”, warning countries that technology should never replace in-person teacher-led instruction. (联合国教科文组织还呼吁“在教育中适当使用技术”，警告各国技术不应取代教师主导的面对面教学)”可知，UNESCO主张平衡技术与传统教学，态度客观，既肯定技术作用，也强调其局限性。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“Late at night on Aug 4, many students in Singapore found themselves unable to access their applications and information stored on their iPads and tablets.(8月4日深夜，新加坡的许多学生发现自己无法访问存储在iPad和平板电脑上的应用程序和信息)”可知，文章以新加坡网络攻击事件为切入点，继而讨论丹麦、瑞典等国因数字教育导致的学习问题，最终引出UNESCO的呼吁，核心是各国对数字教育的反思，所以，“各国重新思考数字学习”精准概括全文主旨。故选B项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·安徽培优联盟·期中） In April 2024, on the streets of Yizhuang, Beijing, a safety worker in a Baidu Robotaxi said, “Even though I’m sitting in the driver’s seat, my hands are not on the wheel.” This shows how much Baidu’s self-driving technology has improved. Baidu’s autonomous driving journey began in 2013 when it set up its Institute of Deep Learning (DL). Baidu’s founder, Li Yanhong, once said he had never imagined Baidu would become so deeply connected to the automotive industry. However, as AI technology advanced, he realized that the automotive sector would be greatly changed by AI. This set the stage for Baidu’s commitment to autonomous driving. In 2015, it launched its autonomous driving division. By 2017, Baidu had introduced the Apollo Project, named after the historic moon landing mission. In 2019, Baidu secured 40 licenses to test self-driving vehicles carrying passengers on designated roads in Beijing. It secured permits to offer a fully driverless commercial robotaxi service in 2022 and launched a sixth-generation autonomous vehicle in 2024. “Baidu’s strength in autonomous driving lies in its mapping technology, particularly its high-definition maps,” said Liu Xu, director of Baidu Intelligent Cloud. These maps help cars recognize road details, enabling precise navigation and safer driving. They also support advanced features like self-parking and centimeter-level positioning, which are key for autonomous vehicles to function effectively. Although Baidu is a leader in the self-driving industry, its journey to the top has not been a smooth one. Since 2015, Baidu has put in over 150 billion yuan in research and development of self-driving cars, with yearly spending exceeding 20 billion yuan since 2021. Despite these efforts, achieving profitability remains a major challenge. Additionally, the growing market competition has negatively impacted the development of Baidu’s self-driving cars. Domestically, Baidu faces tough competition from rivals like Horizon, DJI Automotive, and Huawei. Globally, Tesla’s strong presence and brand influence add significant pressure on Baidu. Looking ahead, Baidu sees great potential in China with strong government support and rapid infrastructure development. While the past decade has been filled with challenges, Baidu is now close to achieving large-scale commercialisation, with a promising future ahead, said Liu. 1．What led Baidu to develop autonomous driving? A．The development of technology. B．Its founder’s ambition. C．The need for expansion. D．The country’s original mission. 2．What is Baidu’s advantage in autonomous driving? A．Li Yanhong’s leadership. B．There being few competitors in this field. C．It’s high-definition mapping technology. D．The support from Chinese government. 3．What is the right order of the following events? a. Baidu launched a sixth-generation autonomous vehicle. b. Baidu introduced the Apollo Project. c. Baidu secured 40 licenses to test self-driving vehicles carrying passengers on designated roads in Beijing. d. Baidu set up its Institute of Deep Learning (DL). e. It secured permits to offer a fully driverless commercial robotaxi service. A．dbcae B．dbcea. C．dcabe. D．bdcea. 4．Which of the following statements is true? A．Baidu has struggled to make money from autonomous driving project. B．Baidu has secured permits for self-driving cars to run in any city of China. C．Baidu has spent 20 million yuan on autonomous driving since 2015. D．Baidu has achieved large-scale commercialisation of autonomous technology. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍百度自动驾驶技术的发展历程、优势、挑战及未来前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, as AI technology advanced, he realized that the automotive sector would be greatly changed by AI. This set the stage for Baidu’s commitment to autonomous driving.(然而，随着人工智能技术的进步，他意识到汽车行业将因人工智能而发生巨大变革。这为百度投身自动驾驶奠定了基础)”可知，百度发展自动驾驶的核心驱动力是技术发展。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Baidu’s strength in autonomous driving lies in its mapping technology, particularly its high-definition maps,” said Liu Xu, director of Baidu Intelligent Cloud. (“百度在自动驾驶方面的优势在于其地图技术，尤其是高清地图，”百度智能云总监Liu Xu表示)”可知，百度的核心优势是高清地图技术。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Baidu’s autonomous driving journey began in 2013 when it set up its Institute of Deep Learning (DL).(百度的自动驾驶之旅始于2013年，当时它成立了深度学习研究院)”可知，百度于2013年成立深度学习研究院；根据第三段中的“In 2017, Baidu introduced the Apollo Project, named after the historic moon landing mission.(2017年，百度推出了以历史性登月任务命名的阿波罗计划)”可知，百度于2017年推出阿波罗计划；根据第三段中的“In 2019, Baidu secured 40 licenses to test self-driving vehicles carrying passengers on designated roads in Beijing.(2019年，百度获得了40个在北京市指定道路上测试载人自动驾驶车辆的许可。)”可知，百度于2019年获得北京载人测试许可；根据第三段中的“It secured permits to offer a fully driverless commercial robotaxi service in 2022 and launched a sixth-generation autonomous vehicle in 2024. (2022年，它获得了提供完全无人驾驶商业机器人出租车服务的许可。并于2024年推出了第六代自动驾驶汽车)”可知，百度于2022年获得完全无人驾驶商业许可并且于2024年推出第六代自动驾驶汽车。因此，正确顺序为dbcea。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Despite these efforts, achieving profitability remains a major challenge.(尽管付出了这些努力，实现盈利仍然是一项重大挑战)”可知，百度在自动驾驶项目上尚未盈利，处于亏损状态。故选A项。 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽六安·期中） Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives(蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always fall to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 1．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest? A．It’s small in size. B．It’s hidden in trees. C．It’s covered with wax. D．It’s hard to recognize. 2．What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A bee. B．A bird. C．A honey seeker. D．A beekeeper. 3．The honey guide is special in the way ________. A．it gets its food B．it goes to church C．it sings in the forest D．it reaches into bees’ nests 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Wild Bees. B．Wax and Honey. C．Beekeeping in Africa. D．Honey-Lover’s Helper. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种奇特的鸟。虽然寻找野蜜蜂的巢很难，但在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.(然而，他们得到蜂蜜的唯一方法就是找到一个野蜜蜂的巢，然后从里面取蜂蜜。通常，这些巢穴都在高高的树上，很难找到它们)”可知，野蜜蜂的巢都在很高的树上，不易被人找到。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”及划线词前“So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.(所以，当它找到一个合适的巢穴时，它会寻找别人来帮助它。蜂蜜向导发出一声响亮的叫声，吸引了路过的动物和人的注意。一旦引起了它们的注意，它就会飞过森林，时不时地等着这些好奇的动物或人把它们带到蜂巢那里)”和后面“reaches in to get at the delicious honey(伸手去够美味的蜂蜜)”可知，本段主要讲述寻找蜂蜜的人和动物如何通过这种鸟找到蜂巢的过程，小鸟找到蜂巢就会吸引人或动物跟着它，到了蜂巢那里，跟着它的人或动物去把蜂蜜拿出来。由此推测，the follower指的是寻找蜂蜜的人或动物。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”中的形容词strange and unexpected可知，这种鸟很奇特，结合第二段内容可推测，这种鸟的奇特之处是它找到食物的方法很特别，找到蜂巢，去找人类或其他动物来吃蜂蜜，它捡拾掉落的蜂蜡吃。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”并综合全文可知，本文主要介绍这种奇怪的小鸟，它可以帮助想吃蜂蜜的人或动物找到野蜂巢。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期中） In the face of increasing energy bills and the unstable situation of global temperatures, Deep Green, a small data center startup, and Exmouth Leisure Centre have come up with an approach to assist one another. Since the start of the pandemic, energy costs for a leisure swimming pool have reportedly tripled, leaving many centers with no choice but to close, according to Swim England. They claim that by March 2024, 40 percent of council areas could risk losing their swimming pools if nothing changes. Similarly, data centers have had to raise their fees in order to cover the extra cost of cooling their equipment, making it impossible to offer a competitive rate. While most normal data centers waste the heat that the computers generate, Deep Green has found a solution to benefit everybody. They have built a small data center in Exmouth Leisure Centre, allowing the heat from the servers to heat the swimming pool. The solution is cost-free, and Exmouth Leisure Centre is projected to save about £20,000 per year. Given that data centers run 24 hours a day and are designed with backup power systems, they generate a consistent and reliable amount of heat." “As the world moves, we need ten times the number of computers and we cannot build ten times the amount of data centers,” said Bjornsgaard, manager of Deep Green. “So there is a need to decentralize (分散) them and take little bits of them to where the heat is required. Our ‘digital boilers’ put waste heat to good use, saving local businesses thousands of pounds on energy bills and reducing their carbon footprint.” Deep Green isn’t the only company to come up with a neat solution to using waste-heat. In Paris, the Condorcet data center is heating an onsite Climate Change Arboretum that studies which plants are most adaptable to global warming. Similarly, the Notre Dame Centre for Research Computing heats a local municipal greenhouse. So as Bjornsgaard says, this is just the start. 1．What problem is Exmouth Leisure Centre facing? A．The increasing energy bill. B．The risk of losing its customers. C．Finding ways to cool its equipment. D．Its decreasing swimming pools. 2．Why does Deep Green cooperate with Exmouth Leisure Centre? A．Because they belong to the same company. B．Because their business models are similar. C．Because they can provide benefits for each other. D．Because they both want to protect the environment. 3．What factor leads to plenty of heat in data centers? A．The alarming speed of global warming. B．The non-stop running pattern. C．The building of backup power systems. D．The poor arrangement of devices. 4．Which of the following can best describe the solution? A．Modern but strange. B．Complicated but amazing. C．Demanding and expensive. D．Creative and environment-friendly. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍Deep Green数据中心与埃克斯茅斯休闲中心合作利用废热的互利方案及类似案例。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since the start of the pandemic, energy costs for a leisure swimming pool have reportedly tripled, leaving many centers with no choice but to close, according to Swim England.(据英国游泳协会称，自疫情开始以来，休闲游泳池的能源成本已上涨两倍，许多中心别无选择，只能关闭。)”可知，埃克斯茅斯休闲中心面临着能源账单不断增加的问题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Deep Green, a small data center startup, and Exmouth Leisure Centre have come up with an approach to assist one another.(小型数据中心初创公司Deep Green和埃克斯茅斯休闲中心想出了一种互相帮助的方法。)”以及第四段中的“They have built a small data center in Exmouth Leisure Centre, allowing the heat from the servers to heat the swimming pool.(他们在埃克斯茅斯休闲中心建造了一个小型数据中心，利用服务器产生的热量为游泳池供暖。)”可知，两者合作是因为能互相提供好处。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Given that data centers run 24 hours a day and are designed with backup power systems, they generate a consistent and reliable amount of heat.(由于数据中心全天24小时运行，并且设计有备用电源系统，它们产生的热量稳定且可靠。)”可知，数据中心24小时不间断运行的模式使其产生大量热量。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“While most normal data centers waste the heat that the computers generate, Deep Green has found a solution to benefit everybody.(虽然大多数普通数据中心会浪费计算机产生的热量，但Deep Green找到了一个对每个人都有利的解决方案。)”以及第六段中的“Our ‘digital boilers’ put waste heat to good use, saving local businesses thousands of pounds on energy bills and reducing their carbon footprint.(我们的‘数字锅炉’充分利用废热，为当地企业节省数千英镑的能源账单，并减少他们的碳足迹。)”可知，这种解决方案既富有创意，又有利于环境。故选D项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安庆二中·期中） There is more to bettering health than exercise and eating more fruits and vegetables. Maintaining proper posture (体态) is vital for living a fuller life and avoiding negative health outcomes. Understanding good posture starts with the realization that your back doesn’t have to be completely straight, no matter how many times you heard warnings to “sit up straight” in your youth. “Proper posture allows you to distribute (分布) your weight equally, which enables your body to function more effectively with less bone stress and overall decreased damage. It also means plenty of movement. When most people think of posture, they consider fixed positioning. But the best posture guidelines encourage movement whenever possible,” says Drew Schwartz, a preventive medicine specialist. Maintaining proper posture provides a host of proven physical benefits, including better breathing. Schwartz notes that inefficient breathing patterns are related to a slouched (驼背的) posture, because such a position forces the body to rely more on upper-chest breathing. By contrast, belly breathing is more efficient and promotes relaxation pathways within the body. Proper posture can also improve digestion, helping you potentially avoid issues related to heartburn and high blood sugar levels. Along with such physical advantages, proper posture can also enhance your social life by improving human interactions and connections. “We’ve learned that a person with middle head-level posture is considered to be more cooperative than someone who has their head in an up-or-down position,” says Brook Martin, an associate professor. “Because of this and because posture plays such an important role in body language, good posture can improve communication skills and make you more appealing to others.” To experience benefits related to proper posture, Martin recommends being aware of how you sit and stand, and practicing doing so correctly often enough that it feels natural. Schwartz stresses the importance of wearing proper footwear, emphasizing that supportive flat and low-heeled shoes can be especially beneficial. “No matter what techniques you follow. improving your posture is an achievable goal,” Martin said. 1．What does holding a proper posture mean? A．Maintaining a straight back. B．Putting weight on main bones. C．Ensuring balanced weight distribution. D．Avoiding intense pressure on the back. 2．How can proper posture benefit our physical health? A．By giving us peace of mind. B．By adjusting our blood pressure. C．By switching our breathing methods. D．By ridding us of stomach discomfort. 3．What might Martin consider people with good posture to be? A．Capable and ambitious leaders. B．Easy-going and patient partners. C．Active and hardworking employees. D．Approachable and popular communicators. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The positives of having good posture. B．Some ways to develop good posture. C．The central meaning of good posture. D．Some facts behind body language. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保持正确体态的意义、好处及相关建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段““Proper posture allows you to distribute (分布) your weight equally, which enables your body to function more effectively with less bone stress and overall decreased damage. It also means plenty or movement. When most people think of posture, they consider fixed positioning. But the best posture guidelines encourage movement whenever possible,” says Drew Schwartz, a preventive medicine specialist.(“正确的体态能让你均匀分配体重，从而使身体在骨骼承受更小压力的情况下更有效地运作，并减少整体损伤。这也意味着要进行充分的运动。大多数人一想到体态，就会想到固定的姿势。但最佳的体态指南鼓励随时进行运动，”预防医学专家德鲁·施瓦茨说道)”可知，正确的体态能让你均匀地分布体重，使身体更有效地运转，减少骨骼压力和整体损伤。所以保持正确的体态意味着确保体重的平衡分布。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Maintaining proper posture provides a host of proven physical benefits, including better breathing Schwartz notes that inefficient breathing patterns are related to a slouched (驼背的) posture, because such a position forces the body to rely more on upper-chest breathing. By contrast, belly breathing is more efficient and promotes relaxation pathways within the body. (保持正确的体态能带来诸多已证实的身体益处，包括改善呼吸。施瓦茨指出，低效的呼吸模式与驼背体态有关，因为这种姿势会迫使身体更多地依赖上胸部呼吸。相比之下，腹式呼吸更为高效，并能促进身体内的放松机制)”可知，正确的体态能通过改变我们的呼吸方式有益于我们的身体健康。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Because of this and because posture plays such an important role in body language, good posture can improve communication skills and make you more appealing to others.(正因为如此，而且体态在肢体语言中扮演着如此重要的角色，所以良好的体态能够提升沟通技巧，让你对他人更具吸引力)”可推知，Martin可能会认为体态良好的人是易于接近且受欢迎的沟通者。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Maintaining proper posture (体态) is vital for living a fuller life and avoiding negative health outcomes.(保持正确的体态对于过上更充实的生活和避免不良健康后果至关重要)”可知，文章主要讲述了保持良好体态的诸多益处，包括对身体和社交生活的积极影响。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·皖南八校·期中） In Zhenhu, a small, scenic town in Suzhou, of its nearly 20, 000 residents, more than 40percent are engaged in the embroidery (刺绣) business. Zhou Xiaojing is one of them. With her nimble needle and threads (线), the young embroiderer has created many fascinating pieces of art. But mastering Suzhou embroidery is no easy task. It takes an ambitious embroiderer three to five years in general to learn the basics, and at least another 10 years to acquire more advanced techniques. “If you don’t love this craft, it’s hard to stick around, ” Zhou said. Many of her childhood friends abandoned this family practice, considering the low income, intense training, and other factors. To make her embroidery more lifelike, she studied the real world for inspiration. “To embroider a water town, I visited an ancient town in person; to do a goldfish, I bought a goldfish and studied its appearance and how it moved through the water.” Zhou’s embroidered goldfish has become a hit online. The two fish look alive, as if truly swimming in water. The most striking part is their tails, which twinkle with brilliant colours. To convey the goldfish’s elegant movements, she needed to use extremely fine silk threads. She split (分开) a single silk thread into 128 pieces, using just one of them in her embroidery. “The divided threads are incredibly light and thin. If you take a deep breath while embroidering, they might simply disappear, ” she said, “Also, you have to control your strength. Even a slight pressure imbalance can break the thread. That’s the hardest. ” She hopes her goldfish work will inspire more people to learn about this art and appreciate it, and bring more attention to traditional handicrafts. 1．Why didn’t Zhou’s childhood friends take up embroidery as a job? A．Their family don’t support them due to low income. B．Employment rate is low with too many embroiderers. C．Grasping the skill will take great efforts and patience. D．Possible injuries from sharp needles are a great threat. 2．Before Zhou embroiders flowers, which of the following is she more likely to do? A．Observe how the real flowers unfold. B．Turn to experts in her group for help. C．Do research on different flowers online. D．Analyse various works of great painters. 3．What is the most difficult part of her goldfish work? A．How to make the fish swim in water. B．She must keep a balanced force in hands. C．She must hold her breath for a long time. D．How to get the right thread, thin and light. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Embroidering a Lifelike Goldfish B．The Charm of Suzhou Embroidery C．The Success of Traditional Handicrafts D．Zhou Xiaojing: A Devoted Embroiderer 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了周晓静作为一名刺绣师的故事，包括她如何掌握刺绣技巧、如何通过观察实物提升作品逼真度，以及她对传统手工艺的热爱和推广。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Many of her childhood friends abandoned this family practice, considering the low income, intense training, and other factors.(考虑到收入低、训练强度大等因素，她的许多儿时朋友都放弃了这种家庭做法)”可知，周晓静的童年朋友放弃刺绣的原因包括低收入、高强度训练等因素。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“To make her embroidery more lifelike, she studied the real world for inspiration. “To embroider a water town, I visited an ancient town in person; to do a goldfish, I bought a goldfish and studied its appearance and how it moved through the water.”(为了使她的刺绣更逼真，她从现实世界中寻找灵感。‘为了绣一个水乡，我亲自去了一个古镇；为了画一条金鱼，我买了一条金鱼，研究了它的外表和它在水中的运动方式。’)”可知，周晓静在刺绣之前会亲自观察实物以获取灵感。因此，她在刺绣花朵之前，更有可能观察真实的花朵如何展开。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“The divided threads are incredibly light and thin. If you take a deep breath while embroidering, they might simply disappear, ” she said, “Also, you have to control your strength. Even a slight pressure imbalance can break the thread. That’s the hardest.(分开的线非常的轻和细。如果你在刺绣时深吸一口气，它们可能就会消失，”她说，“此外，你必须控制自己的力量。即使是轻微的压力不平衡也会使螺纹断裂。这是最难的)”可知，刺绣金鱼最困难的部分是控制手上的力度，保持平衡。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“In Zhenhu, a small, scenic town in Suzhou, of its nearly 20, 000 residents, more than 40percent are engaged in the embroidery (刺绣) business. Zhou Xiaojing is one of them. With her nimble needle and threads (线), the young embroiderer has created many fascinating pieces of art.(在苏州风景秀丽的小镇镇湖，有近2万居民，其中40%以上从事刺绣业务。周小静就是其中之一。凭借灵巧的针线，这位年轻的绣工创造了许多迷人的艺术品)”可知，全文主要讲述了周晓静作为一名刺绣师的故事，包括她如何掌握刺绣技巧、如何通过观察实物提升作品逼真度，以及她对传统手工艺的热爱和推广。因此，用D项“Zhou Xiaojing: A Devoted Embroiderer(周小静：一个敬业的刺绣师)”作为本文的标题，与文章主题相符合。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期中） On September 7th, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, built by China and Indonesia, was put into operation. It makes the travel time between the two cities from 3.5 hours to just 40 minutes. It is reported that from September 7th to September 30th, people can ride for free. Tickets will go on sale in early October. This marks Indonesia’s time of high-speed rail. It’s also an important symbol of the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议). The railway is the first high-speed railway in Indonesia and even in Southeast Asia. The whole line is built using Chinese technology and standards. It connects Jakarta and Bandung (a famous tourist city). The railway is 142.3 kilometers with a maximum operating speed of 350 km/h. There are four stations along the way. Before this, China and Indonesia carried out a large number of tests on all equipment. This was to make sure that the railway met all the necessary conditions for safe operation. What’s more, the opening of the railway will also greatly improve the local traffic conditions. It will not only provide greater convenience for people along the railway, but also encourage business development and drive the growth of the tourism industry. All these will bring new chances to the local development. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．The train tickets can be bought in early October. B．We can ride the train for free on November 21st. C．It takes 2.5 hours to travel between the cities now. D．China started to build the railway on September 7th. 2．What makes the railway special? A．Southeast Asian passengers. B．Indonesian invention and science. C．Indonesian history and customs. D．Chinese technology and standards. 3．Which best explains the underlined word “maximum” in paragraph 2? A．The highest. B．The lowest. C．The cheapest. D．The safest. 4．What can we infer about people in Indonesia from the text? A．They will make exercise plans. B．Many of them will lose their jobs. C．They will live near the railway stations. D．Their living conditions will be improved. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了9月7日，由中国和印度尼西亚共同建设的雅加达—万隆高速铁路正式投入运营，使两城市之间的时间从3.5小时缩短至仅40分钟。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tickets will go on sale in early October. (车票将于10月初开始销售。)”可知，火车票可以在10月初购买。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The whole line is built using Chinese technology and standards. (整条线路是使用中国技术和标准建造的。)”可知，这条铁路的特别之处在于它使用中国技术和标准建造的，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“The railway is 142.3 kilometers with a maximum operating speed of 350 km/h. 此处在介绍铁路的最大运行速度，即最大运行速度为350 km/h，所以划线单词意为“最大”，即“最快运行速度”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What’s more, the opening of the railway will also greatly improve the local traffic conditions. It will not only provide greater convenience for people along the railway, but also encourage business development and drive the growth of the tourism industry. All these will bring new chances to the local development.(更重要的是，铁路的开放也将大大改善当地交通状况。它不仅可以为铁路沿线的人们提供更大的便利，而且还可以鼓励业务发展并推动旅游业的发展。所有这些都将为当地发展带来新的机会。)”可知，修建这条铁路给当地人们带来很多好处，不仅为人们提供更大的便利，而且还可以鼓励业务发展并推动旅游业的发展，促进当地发展，由此可推知，当地的人们的生活水平会改善，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥八中·期中） At a crop breeding (培育) center in Shanghai, researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China’s space station, Tiangong. The rice plants have completed a full growth cycle on Earth, maturing after more than 100 days since planting. This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft. Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59, which they returned to Earth. Researchers then selected high-quality seeds, growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10,000 new seeds. Zheng Huiqiong, a lead researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Center, shared that the team’s findings suggest space-bred seeds can reproduce effectively on Earth, suggesting potential for future space agriculture. Zheng highlighted that the space-bred rice possesses unique traits, such as a higher sugar content, with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice. The space-bred rice also showed a slight increase in protein content. “That means space-bred rice tastes sweeter and has more energy,” she added. Space breeding, the method used in this experiment, exposes seeds to space radiation and microgravity, generating gene mutations (基因突变). These mutations are carefully assessed upon the seeds’ return to Earth, sometimes resulting in advantageous traits like shorter growth times, improved disease resistance, and higher output. Zhao Hui, an expert at the China Academy of Space Technology, emphasized the safety of space-bred food, explaining that, unlike genetically modified crops, space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes. However, the space-bred rice has fewer leaves, which complicates close planting. Researchers are planning further studies to understand these leaf traits and explore possible genetic changes. The Tiangong rice experiment marked a milestone for crop science, as it was the first time that rice had completed a full life cycle — from seed germination (发芽) to reproduction — in orbit. 1．What can we know about the space-to-ground experiment? A．Seeds grown in orbit promise higher crop quality. B．Seeds bred in space were further grown successfully on Earth. C．New species of seeds grown in space have achieved great success. D．Climate conditions were controlled when seeds were sent into orbit. 2．What does the underlined words “traits” mean in paragraph 3? A．Materials. B．Arrangements. C．Disadvantages. D．Characteristics. 3．What does Zhao Hui stress about the space-bred rice? A．Its security. B．Its artificial process. C．Its nutrition. D．Its major shortcoming. 4．Which of the following is the best title? A．Organic Farming: High-quality Planting in Space B．Space Exploration: A Journey to Space and Beyond C．New Planting Approach: Replacing the Traditional Farming D．Space-to-ground Cycle: Promising Future Space Agriculture 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft. Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59, which they returned to Earth. Researchers then selected high-quality seeds, growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10,000 new seeds.(这项空对地实验始于2022年由“问天号”飞船将6颗水稻种子送入轨道。天宫号上的宇航员将这些种子培育成59颗，并将它们送回了地球。然后，研究人员挑选出高质量的种子，在可控的气候条件下种植，生产出大约1万颗新种子)” 可知，在太空培育的种子回到地球后被进一步种植，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as a higher sugar content, with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice(比如含糖量较高，其含糖量估计是标准大米的5到6倍)”可知，“traits” 指太空培育水稻的独特特点，如高糖含量、蛋白质含量增加等。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Zhao Hui, an expert in China Academy of Space Technology, emphasized the safety of space-bred food, explaining that unlike genetically modified crops, space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes.(中国空间技术研究院专家赵辉强调了太空培育食品的安全性，他解释说，与转基因作物不同，太空培育的种子在不引入外源基因的情况下会自然变异)”可知，赵辉强调的是太空培育水稻的安全性，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“At a crop breeding (培育) center in Shanghai, researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China’s space station, Tiangong.(在上海的一个作物育种中心，研究人员成功收获了由中国空间站天宫号培育的种子培育而成的水稻)”可知，文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。由此可知，D选项 “天地循环：有前景的未来太空农业”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·淮南二中·期中） If all the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players, where does that leave non-human figures, like artificial intelligence chatbots? As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers. In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality. The participants were given a mix of poems written by humans and by AI, and the scientists didn’t share anything about the poems’ authorship. The team uncovered a surprise: The participants who didn’t know anything about the poems’ origins gave higher ratings, on average, to those written by the chatbot. Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry? It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them “instant answers”. The study’s findings seem to confirm (证实) some fears about AI, which is that they’ll one day replace human artists and put them out of work. But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky tells the Washington Post. “If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A．AI is a player on the world stage. B．AI performs well in poetry writing. C．AI is so playful that it fools the readers. D．AI works well together with all humans. 2．What were participants asked to do with the given poems in the experiment? A．Identify their authors. B．Discuss their meanings. C．Grade them from different aspects. D．Compare them with their own poems. 3．What is a feature of AI-generated poems according to paragraph 3? A．They promote critical thinking. B．They widen readers’ views. C．They require immediate feedback. D．They are easy to understand. 4．What’s Lasky’s attitude towards AI-generated poems? A．Doubtful. B．Welcoming. C．Passionate. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一篇发表于《科学报告》的新论文表明，在诗歌创作领域，人工智能（AI）可与人类抗衡。AI 聊天机器人能模仿如莎士比亚等著名诗人的诗作，足以迷惑众多读者，不少研究参与者甚至更青睐聊天机器人创作的诗歌。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers.( 事实证明，在写诗方面，人工智能可以与人类抗衡。根据周四发表在《科学报告》杂志上的一篇新论文，人工智能聊天机器人可以模仿威廉·莎士比亚等著名诗人，足以欺骗许多人类读者。此外，许多研究参与者实际上更喜欢聊天机器人的诗歌，而不是知名作家的作品。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是AI在写诗方面表现很好。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality.(在一项实验中，研究人员要求一组参与者阅读诗歌，并根据从节奏到独创性等14个方面对诗歌进行评分。)”可知，在实验中，参与者被要求对给定的诗歌从不同方面打分。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry? It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them “instant answers”.( 为什么读者似乎更喜欢人工智能生成的诗歌？这还不完全清楚，但部分猜测是它们相对简单易懂。理解人类写的诗需要深刻的批判性思维——这是诗歌吸引力的一个重要部分。但现代读者似乎不想做这种劳动，他们更喜欢能给他们‘即时答案’的文本。)”可知，根据第三段，人工智能生成的诗歌的特点之一是容易理解。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky tells the Washington Post. “If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.”( 但唯一一位作品被纳入实验的在世诗人多萝西娅·拉斯基（Dorothea Lasky）表示，读者喜欢人工智能生成的诗歌并不一定是件坏事。‘诗歌永远是必要的，’拉斯基告诉《华盛顿邮报》：‘如果研究中的这些人阅读人工智能诗歌，并且比人类创作的诗歌更喜欢这首诗，那么对我来说，这是美丽的。他们对一首诗有很好的体验，我不在乎是谁写的。我觉得这里有容纳所有诗人的空间——甚至是机器人诗人。’)”可推知，拉斯基对人工智能生成的诗歌持欢迎的态度。故选B项。 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·皖南八校·期中） The snow leopard is a big cat. It has developed to live in some of the most terrible conditions in the world, and is found in some of Central Asia’s high mountain ranges. Kazakhstan is now celebrating the revival of this endangered species within its borders. This follows the success of local conservation efforts, which have increased the number of these dwindling wonderful big cats, doubling them in the last thirty years. Since 2019, they’ve increased by over 26%. It is thought that there are between 152—189 of these big cats in the country. This is a significant achievement, as the snow leopard is listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List and the national Red Books of all 12countries within its range. However, human activity remains the greatest threat to the survival of this species. A good example of this threat is provided by the photo of a snow leopard, standing beside and not affected by a huge truck on a Kazakhstan road, which went popular in 2022. The animal was rescued by Almaty Zoo, but sadly died soon afterwards. Later a plastic bag was found inside its stomach. To protect them, Kazakhstan signed a deal with Kyrgyzstan in 2024. They’ll share knowledge, watch over the cats and their habitats, and raise public awareness. Snow leopards are at the top of the food chain, and their survival shows that the mountain ecosystem is healthy. Importantly, the harmony between people and nature is the central part of these efforts. Cooperations (合作) like these are very important, because these countries represent a cross-border region of traveling of snow leopards. A greater understanding of these mountain ecosystems will benefit local people who depend on them, as well as future protective efforts. In Kazakhstan, the snow leopard is not only a national symbol but also a mascot (吉祥物) for the Asian Winter Games. With continued efforts, these amazing animals will keep living in the mountains. 1．What does the underlined word “dwindling” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Reduced. B．Unchanged. C．Temporary. D．Upset. 2．Why does the writer mention the death of a snow leopard in paragraph 3? A．To voice his/her thanks for the Zoo. B．To prove his/her point. C．To warn people against dropping litter. D．To remind people of careful driving. 3．What is the key factor for protecting snow leopards? A．Stopping illegal hunting of snow leopards. B．Providing food for snow leopards. C．Knowing the habits of snow leopards. D．Keeping the balance between humans and nature. 4．Which situation may arise in the future according to the text? A．Snow leopards will completely disappear from the Earth. B．There will be snow leopards race in Asian Winter Games. C．The population of snow leopards will continue increasing. D．Snow Leopards will be pets of every family in Kazakhstan. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了哈萨克斯坦境内濒危物种雪豹数量在当地保护措施的作用下得以增加，同时指出人类活动仍是雪豹生存的最大威胁，哈萨克斯坦与吉尔吉斯斯坦签署协议保护雪豹，强调了人与自然和谐相处对保护雪豹的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Kazakhstan is now celebrating the revival of this endangered species within its borders. This follows the success of local conservation efforts, which have increased the number of these dwindling wonderful big cats, doubling them in the last thirty years.(哈萨克斯坦现在正在庆祝这种濒危物种在其境内的复苏。这是在当地保护工作取得成功之后，这些保护工作增加了这些数量不断dwindling的神奇大型猫科动物的数量，在过去三十年里数量翻了一番)”可知，前文提到雪豹是濒危物种，可知这里说的是数量曾经是减少的，所以“dwindling”意思是减少的。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, human activity remains the greatest threat to the survival of this species. A good example of this threat is provided by the photo of a snow leopard, standing beside and not affected by a huge truck on a Kazakhstan road, which went popular in 2022. The animal was rescued by Almaty Zoo, but sadly died soon afterwards. Later a plastic bag was found inside its stomach.(然而，人类活动仍然是该物种生存的最大威胁。2022年一张在哈萨克斯坦公路上雪豹站在一辆巨大卡车旁且未受影响的照片很好地说明了这一威胁。这只动物被阿拉木图动物园救了下来，但不幸的是不久后就死了。后来在它的胃里发现了一个塑料袋)可知，作者提到雪豹的死亡是为了举例证明前面所说的“人类活动仍然是该物种生存的最大威胁”这一观点。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Importantly, the harmony between people and nature is the central part of these efforts.(重要的是，人与自然的和谐是这些努力的核心部分)”，可知保护雪豹的关键因素是保持人与自然的平衡。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With continued efforts, these amazing animals will keep living in the mountains.(随着持续的努力，这些令人惊叹的动物将继续生活在山区)”，以及前文提到保护措施取得了一定成效，可推知未来雪豹的数量可能会继续增加。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一下·江淮名校·期中） Last September, a strange seismic signal (地震信号), lasting more than a week, attracted the attention of researchers around the world. It took 68 experts from 15 countries to discover the cause of the “USO” -Unidentified Seismic Object. The term USO is used informally by scientists for unusual seismic signals that can’t be explained, according to Kristian Svennevig, the lead author of a new report on this signal. From the start, scientists agreed this signal was not from an earthquake. Svennevig compared earthquakes to hitting piano keys with force, creating a mix of sounds that disappeared quickly. However, the unusual signal was like a single piano key producing a clear sound that lasted for nine days. Researchers tracked the signal to a huge snowslide in eastern Greenland’s Dickson fjord (峡湾), which was formed by melting (融化) ice due to climate change. Some 1.2 kilometers above the fjord, a mountaintop fell, driving more than 25 million cubic meters of rock and ice into the water-enough to fill 10,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools. The resulting tsunami (海啸) reached a height of 200 meters. The wave’s energy was caught in the rocky fjord, causing the water to move back and forth. This movement created the seismic signal. Svennevig noted that understanding this event took time. Even when they had ideas about what happened, they needed more information and improved models to support their findings. “We could only show that the tsunami was caught and kept moving inside the fjord for nine days after we used special army maps and improved our tsunami models,” Svennevig explained. To the researchers, the signal served as a wake-up call; similar events may happen with landfalls in other fjords or lakes due to climate change, which could lead to more landfalls and tsunamis in the Arctic. Understanding this event helps scientists learn more about how the Earth is changing due to global warming. There is still much to discover as we face the effects of climate change. 1．Why did Svennevig mention piano keys? A．To explain the strange signal. B．To introduce a musical instrument. C．To compare the sounds in nature. D．To give tips on playing the piano. 2．What caused the seismic signal? A．A wildfire. B．A snowslide. C．A heavy rain. D．An earthquake. 3．What can we know from Svennevig’s words? A．It’ll take much time to receive the seismic signal. B．It’s slow for scientists to find an answer to the event. C．A group of scientists was caught in the deadly tsunami. D．The researchers will make public the recent finding soon. 4．What does the author stress in the text? A．Landfalls always happen along with tsunamis. B．Scientists should keep an open mind on opinions. C．This event may shape our view on various cultures. D．The signal gives us fair warning of climate change. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是受气候变化影响，格陵兰岛东部迪克森峡湾的一次巨大雪崩，从而产生了地震信号。 1．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Svennevig compared earthquakes to hitting piano keys with force, creating a mix of sounds that disappeared quickly. However, the unusual signal was like a single piano key producing a clear sound that lasted for nine days.(Svennevig将地震比作用力敲击钢琴键，创造出一种很快消失的混合声音。然而，这个不寻常的信号就像一个钢琴琴键发出的清晰声音，持续了九天。)”可知，Svennevig提到钢琴琴键来解释这个奇怪的信号。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。与文章第四段“Researchers tracked the signal to a huge snowslide in eastern Greenland’s Dickson fjord (峡湾), which was formed by melting (融化) ice due to climate change. Some 1.2 kilometers above the fjord, a mountaintop fell, driving more than 25 million cubic meters of rock and ice into the water-enough to fill 10,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools.(研究人员将信号追踪到格陵兰岛东部迪克森峡湾的一场巨大雪崩，这场雪崩是由气候变化导致的冰川融化形成的。在峡湾上方约1.2公里处，一座山顶坍塌，将2500多万立方米的岩石和冰块冲入水中，足以填满1万个奥运会标准游泳池。)”可知，格陵兰岛东部迪克森峡湾的一场巨大雪崩引发了这种异常的地震信号。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Svennevig noted that understanding this event took time. Even when they had ideas about what happened, they needed more information and improved models to support their findings. (Svennevig指出，理解这一事件需要时间。即使他们对发生的事情有想法，他们也需要更多的信息和改进的模型来支持他们的发现。)”可知，科学家们需要更多的信息和改进的模型来支持他们的发现，由此可推断，科学家们要找到这一事件的答案很缓慢。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“To the researchers, the signal served as a wakeup call-similar events may happen with landfalls in other fjords or lakes due to climate change, which could lead to more landfalls and tsunamis in the Arctic. Understanding this event helps scientists learn more about how the Earth is changing due to global warming. There is still much to discover as we face the effects of climate change.(对于研究人员来说，这个信号是一个警钟，由于气候变化，其他峡湾或湖泊的登陆也可能发生类似的事件，这可能会导致北极更多的登陆和海啸。了解这一事件有助于科学家更多地了解地球如何因全球变暖而变化。面对气候变化的影响，我们仍有许多发现。)”可知，作者强调，这一信号是为我们提供了气候变化的警告。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽·期中） Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed with tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.” This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B．Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C．Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D．Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2．What did Lingchong You find in his study? A．How sponges are exactly structured. B．What encourages bacterial growth. C．How bacteria react to the environment. D．Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3．What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A．Relatively harmless. B．Poorly adaptive, C．Surprisingly unpleasant. D．Widely distributed. 4．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．Proofs of bacterial threat. B．The classification of bacteria. C．Methods to control bacterial growth. D．Research into applications of bacteria. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌在厨房海绵中的生存情况，包括细菌的生长环境、种类、对人类的潜在影响以及海绵的特殊结构如何成为细菌生长的理想场所。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life.(细菌知道如何在地球上的各个地方顽强生存。不过，要是问它们最想在哪里定居，厨房海绵可能会高居榜首。没错，事实证明，我们用来清洗盘子的这个工具，温暖、潮湿，还满是富有营养的食物碎屑，其实充满了微小的生命。)”可知，大多数细菌它们真正想在哪里定居，厨房海绵可能会排在首位，事实证明，我们用来清洗盘子的这个温暖、潮湿且充满营养食物碎屑的工具，充满了微小的生命（细菌）。由此可知，厨房海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth.(他发现，海绵上那些大小各异的孔隙对于促进细菌生长至关重要。)”可知，Lingchong You发现不同大小孔隙的海绵对促进细菌生长起着重要作用，也就是他发现了什么能促进细菌生长。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan.(2017年，食品安全领域的教授Jennifer Quinlan和她的同事们从100个家庭中收集了厨房海绵，发现这些海绵中只有1%到2%含有与人类食物中毒相关的细菌，而且确实含有有害细菌的海绵中，有害细菌的含量也很少。Quinlan说：“海绵上绝大多数细菌不会致病，它们只是会让海绵产生异味。)”可知，Quinlan 认为海绵上绝大多数细菌不会引发疾病，只有极少数海绵含有与人类食物中毒有关的细菌，而且这些细菌的含量也很少，所以她认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.(事情还不止如此。如果危险的细菌碰巧来到了海绵上，海绵特殊的构造会使它成为这些细菌生长和繁殖的理想场所。而且有证据表明情况确实如此。)”可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明危险细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·淮南二中·期中） These days, we’re all well aware of the plastic problem the world’s facing. We’re reminded of this issue all the time, whether that’s by being encouraged to recycle or by having to pay for disposable carrier bags. Although we all realize what a serious issue plastic pollution is, it’s different when you actually see the overwhelming results of it for yourself. This was the situation a team of researchers who recently published a study on the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch (垃圾带) in the journal Scientific Reports found themselves in. According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California, US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste and covers 1.6 million square kilometers. It’s over four times the size of Japan, or almost 100 times the size of Beijing. “I’ve been doing this research for a while, but it was depressing to see [the patch in person],” Laurent Lebreton, lead author of the study, told the Guardian. “There were things you just wondered how they made it into the ocean. There’s clearly an increasing influx of plastic into the garbage patch.” It’s believed that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the sea each year, and a lot of it ends up collecting near large ocean currents around the world, forming “islands” of plastic. This causes problems not only for son creatures but also for humans. The swirling ocean currents eventually break down some of the plastic, with a lot of it ending up in the digestive systems of fish and birds. As a result, it’s believed that plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates — not to mention the countless creatures that choke on plastic waste, or are poisoned by the chemicals in it. So what can we do about this? Lebreton is a member of the Ocean Cleanup Foundation, a group that’s developed technology to collect plastic waste from the ocean. This is a huge project, with the group claiming it will take around five years just to clean up half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch alone. But rather than discourage people from using plastic altogether, Lebreton believes that we should simply be more mindful of how we use it. “In my opinion, plastic is very useful. But I think we must divert (转移) the way we use plastic, particularly in terms of single-use plastic and those objects that have a very short service lifespan,” he told BBC News. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The Great Pacific Garbage Patch. B．A study on plastic pollution. C．Lebreton and his research. D．Cleaning the ocean of plastic. 2．According to the text, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch ________. A．is about four times the size of Beijing. B．is harmful to both sea creatures and humans. C．consists of about 1.6 million tons of plastic waste. D．was formed because of swirling ocean currents. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．People should be more careful with their use of plastic products. B．Single-use plastic should be banned for the sake of the environment. C．The Great Pacific Garbage Patch will be cleaned up in about five years. D．Plastic products with short service lifespans should be replaced. 4．What is the text probably from? A．A business report B．A textbook C．A magazine D．Science fiction 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太平洋垃圾带的情况，包括其规模、对生态的影响以及应对措施。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“These days, we’re all well aware of the plastic problem the world’s facing. We’re reminded of this issue all the time, whether that’s by being encouraged to recycle, or by having to pay for disposable carrier bags. (如今，我们都很清楚世界正面临的塑料问题。我们时刻被这个问题提醒着，无论是被鼓励回收，还是不得不为一次性购物袋付费)”、第二段中“According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California, US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste and covers 1.6 million square kilometers. It’s over four times the size of Japan, or almost 100 times the size of Beijing. (根据这项研究，这个位于美国加利福尼亚州沿岸的垃圾带由7.9万吨塑料垃圾组成，覆盖面积为160万平方千米。它的面积是日本的四倍多，几乎是北京的100倍)”、第四段中“This causes problems not only for sea creatures but also for humans. The swirling ocean currents eventually break down some of the plastic, with a lot of it ending up in the digestive systems of fish and birds. (这不仅给海洋生物带来问题，也给人类带来问题。旋转的洋流最终会分解部分塑料，其中很多最终进入鱼类和鸟类的消化系统)”以及最后一段中“This is a huge project, with the group claiming it will take around five years just to clean up half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch alone. (该组织研发了一种从海洋中收集塑料垃圾的技术。这是一个庞大的项目，该组织声称仅清理太平洋垃圾带的一半就需要大约五年的时间)”可知，文章通过描述塑料污染对海洋所造成的严重性和影响，提出了解决方案。选项D“清理海洋塑料”准确地概括了文章的核心内容，即海洋塑料污染问题及其可能的解决方案——清理海洋塑料。故选D。 2． 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This causes problems not only for sea creatures but also for humans. The swirling ocean currents eventually break down some of the plastic, with a lot of it ending up in the digestive systems of fish and birds. (这不仅给海洋生物带来了问题，也给人类带来了问题。旋转的洋流最终会分解一些塑料，其中很多塑料最终会进入鱼类和鸟类的消化系统)”可知，太平洋垃圾带对海洋生物和人类都有害。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But rather than discourage people from using plastic altogether, Lebreton believes that we should simply be more mindful of how we use it. (但勒布伦并不主张人们完全放弃使用塑料，他认为我们应该更加注意自己使用塑料的方式)”可知，我们应该更加注意自己使用塑料制品的方式，即人们应该更加小心地使用塑料制品。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California, US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste and covers 1.6 million square kilometers. (据这项研究称，这块漂浮物位于美国加利福尼亚州海岸附近，由79000吨塑料垃圾组成，面积160万平方公里)以及文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于太平洋垃圾带的研究，介绍了其组成、危害以及解决办法等，属于一篇科普类文章，由此推知，文章来源于杂志。故选C。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽六安·期中） In today’s fast-paced world, studying for long hours without a break has become the norm for many students. However, this approach often leads to burnout, reduced concentration, and lower recollection rates. Studies have shown that taking regular study breaks is a key strategy for maintaining mental clarity, boosting productivity, and improving overall learning effectiveness. Michelle Connolly, an educational consultant, said, “Taking breaks during study sessions isn’t a luxury; it’s a necessity for both cerebral (大脑的) recovery and emotional well-being.” It’s about creating a harmonious blend that respects your mental boundaries while pushing the limits of your academic performance. Striking a balance is critical for peak cognitive performance and overall well-being. Integrating effective rest periods strategically into your study sessions can enhance your ability to learn and remember information. Cognitive performance benefits significantly from breaks. Breaks help ease mental exhaustion that accumulates during prolonged study. You might notice that after long periods of intense focus, your concentration starts to fade. This is because of cognitive load, a concept in cognitive science suggesting your brain has a limited capacity for information processing. When you take a break, you essentially allow your brain to “cool off” and reduce this load, thereby restoring your ability to concentrate and maintain focus during study. Attention Restoration Theory underlines the value of breaks, especially those involving nature or relaxation, to rejuvenate (恢复) your capacity for concentration. Likewise, the Conservation of Resources Theory suggests that by conserving mental resources through regular breaks, you can better manage stress and avoid burnout. One of the most popular methods is the Pomodoro Technique, which suggests studying for 25 minutes and taking a 5-minute break. After four cycles, you take a longer break, typically 15-30 minutes. This technique leverages the brain’s natural rhythms to keep it fresh and focused. By understanding the science behind study breaks and using strategies like the Pomodoro Technique, you can optimize your study sessions and maintain a balanced approach to learning. Remember, productivity isn’t just about working harder; it’s about working smarter — and studybreaks are a key part of that equation. 1．What is Michelle’s attitude toward putting breaks into study sessions? A．Approving. B．Indifferent. C．Skeptical. D．Neutral. 2．In what way do breaks contribute to cognitive performance? A．By removing mental exhaustion. B．By preventing cerebral focus resetting. C．By maximizing the brain’s capacity. D．By cutting down cognitive load. 3．Why are the different theories mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To present that different theories may contradict each other. B．To show the historical development of break-related theories. C．To emphasize the importance of physical exercise in study. D．To provide the theoretical support for the benefits of breaks. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should prioritize working harder over taking breaks. B．Regular breaks alone are enough to achieve the best academic results. C．True productivity combines scientific basis with practical strategies. D．More focus should be placed on short-term goals by students. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·马鞍山二中·期中） Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. For example, Roman engineers built thick concrete (混凝土) sea barriers, and Chinese builders raised walls against invaders. But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail. Recent research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice, beer, and even urine. These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and “heal (愈合)” cracks when they form. With the rising threats of climate change, there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable. A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions (排放量) worldwide. Cement production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions. Many researchers have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BCE, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete “basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago”, said John Oleson, an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada. Researchers used to think the unevenly mixed chunks of limestone throughout the Roman material were a sign that the Romans were not mixing up their materials well enough. Instead, the scientists found that the chunks could fuel the material’s “self-healing” abilities. When cracks form, water enters the concrete, scientists explained. Then the water activates the leftover lime, creating new chemical reactions that can fill in the damaged sections. Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time it could not hold up heavy buildings. “You couldn’t build a modern skyscraper with Roman concrete,” Oleson said. “It would collapse when you got to the third story.” Instead, researchers are trying to take some of the ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. 1．What is the difference between ancient buildings and recent ones? A．Ancient buildings are able to heal cracks. B．Ancient buildings used expected materials. C．Ancient buildings were built with concrete. D．Ancient buildings are already starting to fail. 2．What does the underlined word “sustainable” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Splendid. B．Impressive. C．Ecological. D．Comfortable. 3．What can be inferred from John Oleson’s words in paragraph 4? A．Seawater has been hitting Roman structures for ages. B．The Roman structures’ concrete was poured long ago. C．The Roman Empire built concrete structures in 200 BCE. D．The Roman structures were free from seawater damage. 4．How does water contribute to the material’s “self-healing”? A．It fills in the damaged sections. B．It mixes with chunks of limestone. C．It enters the concrete when cracks form. D．It reacts with the leftover lime chemically. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽阜阳·期中） The Influence of Social Media on Youth Social media has become an important part of the lives of today’s youth. It offers a platform for them to connect with friends, share ideas, and express themselves. However, its impact is a double-edged sword. On one hand, social media provides numerous educational opportunities. Many educational institutions and organizations use social media platforms to spread knowledge. For example, there are language-learning groups where members can practice speaking with each other, and science-related pages that share the latest research findings. Youth can access a vast amount of information that can broaden their horizons and improve their learning. Moreover, social media helps in building social skills. Through online communication, young people can interact with peers from different backgrounds. They learn how to express their opinions clearly, understand different viewpoints, and develop empathy. For instance, in a debate group on social media, participants learn to respect others’ ideas while stating their own. On the other hand, social media also has its downsides. One of the major concerns is the issue of cyber-bullying. Some individuals use social media platforms to disturb (打扰), threaten, or spread rumors (谣言) about others. This can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of the victims, leading to depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Another problem is the addiction to social media. The constant stream of notifications (通知) and the need to stay updated can lead to overuse. Youth may spend hours scrolling through their feeds, ignoring other important aspects of their lives such as studies, physical activities, and face-to-face relationships. In conclusion, social media has a significant influence on youth. While it offers many benefits, it also poses several challenges. It is essential for parents, educators, and society as a whole to guide the youth to make the most of social media’s advantages and minimize its disadvantages. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To oppose the use of social media. B．To focus on the negative effects of social media. C．To promote the use of social media among youth. D．To discuss the positive and negative effects of social media on youth. 2．According to the passage, how does social media benefit youth educationally? A．It provides a platform for knowledge sharing and learning. B．It only focuses on language learning. C．It replaces traditional educational institutions. D．It makes youth lazy in learning. 3．What negative effect of social media is mentioned in the passage? A．Building social skills. B．Cyber-bullying. C．Connecting with friends. D．Improving learning. 4．How does the author view the impact of social media on young people? A．Unconcerned. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Positive. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·皖南八校·期中） Smartphones means that you can read the news, check the weather, and keep in touch with families and friends on social media. Being connected comes with a lot of benefits. But smartphones are not always good when they cause less family conversations or less attention in class. In January 2024, Brazil signed a bill to ban (禁止) smartphone use in schools, joining the trend (趋势) in the US and Europe. The law applies to public and private schools and isn't just limited to classrooms. Using smartphones in hallways is also not allowed. The law follows a growing ban against smartphone use in all of Brazil's states' schools including Rio de Janeiro. Almost two-thirds of schools in Brazil introduced limitations and 28 percent had complete bans. “Students were having trouble focusing,” a school's headmaster Meire Nocito said. “There was also the problem of social isolation (孤立). Many students who used technology too much would stay alone during breaks, only communicating through social media. Banning smartphone use has helped create a space for social interaction, developing relationships and teaching students to deal with disagreements and arguments, which are a normal part of human interactions. It has been very positive.” Brazilians have one of the highest smartphones use rates in the world. There are actually more phones than people in this South American country with 258 million devices for 203 million people. Brazilians spend over nine hours a day on their phones. This is a hard habit to break. Smartphones have been connected with physical and mental health issues. Mariana Waetge, a 13-year-old student, uses her smartphone to talk with friends and family and to find entertainment on Instagram. Now that she is forced to put her phone away at school, she has found new ways to interact with friends. Brazil, along with France and China, is limiting smartphone use in schools. This measure will not only improve students' academic performance but also make their mental health better. 1．What is not allowed since 2024 if you are a Brazilian student? A．Chat with classmates at breaks. B．Read online news outside classrooms. C．Use a phone to check the weather at home. D．Take photos with a smartphone in the park. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Measures to develop friendship. B．Ways of keeping focused in class. C．Reasons for banning smartphones. D．Advantages of smartphones. 3．Which is correct according to the text? A．Brazilians use their phones for only 9 hours every day. B．Each Brazilian owns a smartphone. C．Brazilians have a high rate of phone use. D．There are 258 million phones across South America. 4．What is the writer likely to talk about next? A．The ownership of smartphones in France and China. B．Advantages of current social media. C．Methods of balancing online entertainment and learning. D．Positive influences of no-phone school on students. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期中） A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes. In 2007, an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study of the universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one. Though it’s not entirely unheard of for one event to launch an entirely new scientific inquiry, it is certainly uncommon. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. As years ticked by and no more FRBs were discovered, some astronomers began to conclude Lorimer had found nothing more than an unusual example of one of the perytons. Good news: in 2011, there was a report of a second FRB． Four more were found in 2013. Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last, the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from. Finally, this “unicorn” story came to a somewhat surprising end. Several years ago, a team reanalyzed the same data from the radio telescope by which Lorimer found the first FRB．There was one more that they had previously missed. Since then, other teams have analyzed even older data and found FRBs in those datasets too. “They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says. 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A．Negative. B．Curious. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 2．What is the purpose when unicorns are mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To indicate that the new scientific discovery might be a legend. B．To hint that mythical creatures might actually exist in reality. C．To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries. D．To cite an event that occurred in the field of science. 3．Why was it bad news that other FRBs found also came from Lorimer’s telescope? A．Because it might mean the results were not reliable. B．Because they were all found at almost the same time. C．Because these signals were labeled as perytons and turned out to be not real FRBs. D．Because not every astronomer had access to the same type of telescope as Lorimer. 4．What does the last sentence imply? A．Just one event might be enough to kick off a new scientific field. B．It’s unlikely to make a new scientific discovery without advanced research methods. C．Scientists shouldn’t deny new discoveries even if they lack evidence temporarily. D．It’s important for scientists to carefully tell the difference between true discoveries and data errors. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·安徽培优联盟·期中） Late at night on Aug 4, many students in Singapore found themselves unable to access their applications and information stored on their iPads and tablets. According to Singapore’s Ministry of Education, around 13,000 students from 26 secondary schools found that data on their devices had been deleted. This was due to a cyber-attack on Mobile Guardian, an official app used in education in Singapore. The app helps parents manage their children’s use of their devices, limiting screen time and access to certain websites and apps. The ministry stated that all cloud backup information had been recovered by Aug 7. This event has attracted attention to whether education has become too dependent on digital technology. “I’m very upset as (using electronic devices) distracts the boys unnecessarily,” a parent whose son attends St Andrew’s Secondary School in Singapore said to The New Paper. Singapore is not the only country finding that digital education may not be as good as people thought. Denmark is a country long known for pushing forward digital education. But in December 2023, Denmark published recommendations for screen time and the use of digital tools in upper secondary education, according to the official website of the European Commission. This move may be due to the fact that, in a 2022 assessment, Danish students’ performance in maths and reading saw a sharp fall, noted Capital, a German business publication. Experts then looked into the problem. They found that students in Denmark spent an average of 3.8 hours per day in front of electronic devices in school. A report published by the Danish National Institute of Public Health in January stated that students struggle to concentrate due to the amount of time spent on digital devices. Similarly, in Sweden, experts have questioned whether the country’s digitalized system of education has caused students to become worse at important basic skills, such as reading and writing. An increasing number of schools are now focusing on printed books instead of tablets. “There’s clear scientific evidence that digital tools harm rather than enhance student learning,” Sweden’s Karolinska Institution stated in 2023. UNESCO also called for “appropriate use of technology in education”, warning countries that technology should never replace in-person teacher-led instruction. 1．What caused the problem for the students in Singapore? A．A hacking-in. B．A power-out. C. Breakdown of devices. D．An official ban. 2．Why did the Danish government restrict the screen time for secondary school students? A．To protect their health. B．To push forward digital education. C．To reduce distractions from study. D．To conserve the environment. 3．What is UNESCO’s attitude towards the use of digital learning? A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．A new trend in the education industry in Singapore. B．Countries rethinking digital study. C．Singapore’s education reforms. D．Singapore students fail to access digital resources. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·安徽培优联盟·期中） In April 2024, on the streets of Yizhuang, Beijing, a safety worker in a Baidu Robotaxi said, “Even though I’m sitting in the driver’s seat, my hands are not on the wheel.” This shows how much Baidu’s self-driving technology has improved. Baidu’s autonomous driving journey began in 2013 when it set up its Institute of Deep Learning (DL). Baidu’s founder, Li Yanhong, once said he had never imagined Baidu would become so deeply connected to the automotive industry. However, as AI technology advanced, he realized that the automotive sector would be greatly changed by AI. This set the stage for Baidu’s commitment to autonomous driving. In 2015, it launched its autonomous driving division. By 2017, Baidu had introduced the Apollo Project, named after the historic moon landing mission. In 2019, Baidu secured 40 licenses to test self-driving vehicles carrying passengers on designated roads in Beijing. It secured permits to offer a fully driverless commercial robotaxi service in 2022 and launched a sixth-generation autonomous vehicle in 2024. “Baidu’s strength in autonomous driving lies in its mapping technology, particularly its high-definition maps,” said Liu Xu, director of Baidu Intelligent Cloud. These maps help cars recognize road details, enabling precise navigation and safer driving. They also support advanced features like self-parking and centimeter-level positioning, which are key for autonomous vehicles to function effectively. Although Baidu is a leader in the self-driving industry, its journey to the top has not been a smooth one. Since 2015, Baidu has put in over 150 billion yuan in research and development of self-driving cars, with yearly spending exceeding 20 billion yuan since 2021. Despite these efforts, achieving profitability remains a major challenge. Additionally, the growing market competition has negatively impacted the development of Baidu’s self-driving cars. Domestically, Baidu faces tough competition from rivals like Horizon, DJI Automotive, and Huawei. Globally, Tesla’s strong presence and brand influence add significant pressure on Baidu. Looking ahead, Baidu sees great potential in China with strong government support and rapid infrastructure development. While the past decade has been filled with challenges, Baidu is now close to achieving large-scale commercialisation, with a promising future ahead, said Liu. 1．What led Baidu to develop autonomous driving? A．The development of technology. B．Its founder’s ambition. C．The need for expansion. D．The country’s original mission. 2．What is Baidu’s advantage in autonomous driving? A．Li Yanhong’s leadership. B．There being few competitors in this field. C．It’s high-definition mapping technology. D．The support from Chinese government. 3．What is the right order of the following events? a. Baidu launched a sixth-generation autonomous vehicle. b. Baidu introduced the Apollo Project. c. Baidu secured 40 licenses to test self-driving vehicles carrying passengers on designated roads in Beijing. d. Baidu set up its Institute of Deep Learning (DL). e. It secured permits to offer a fully driverless commercial robotaxi service. A．dbcae B．dbcea. C．dcabe. D．bdcea. 4．Which of the following statements is true? A．Baidu has struggled to make money from autonomous driving project. B．Baidu has secured permits for self-driving cars to run in any city of China. C．Baidu has spent 20 million yuan on autonomous driving since 2015. D．Baidu has achieved large-scale commercialisation of autonomous technology. 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽六安·期中） Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives(蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always fall to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 1．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest? A．It’s small in size. B．It’s hidden in trees. C．It’s covered with wax. D．It’s hard to recognize. 2．What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A bee. B．A bird. C．A honey seeker. D．A beekeeper. 3．The honey guide is special in the way ________. A．it gets its food B．it goes to church C．it sings in the forest D．it reaches into bees’ nests 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Wild Bees. B．Wax and Honey. C．Beekeeping in Africa. D．Honey-Lover’s Helper. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期中） In the face of increasing energy bills and the unstable situation of global temperatures, Deep Green, a small data center startup, and Exmouth Leisure Centre have come up with an approach to assist one another. Since the start of the pandemic, energy costs for a leisure swimming pool have reportedly tripled, leaving many centers with no choice but to close, according to Swim England. They claim that by March 2024, 40 percent of council areas could risk losing their swimming pools if nothing changes. Similarly, data centers have had to raise their fees in order to cover the extra cost of cooling their equipment, making it impossible to offer a competitive rate. While most normal data centers waste the heat that the computers generate, Deep Green has found a solution to benefit everybody. They have built a small data center in Exmouth Leisure Centre, allowing the heat from the servers to heat the swimming pool. The solution is cost-free, and Exmouth Leisure Centre is projected to save about £20,000 per year. Given that data centers run 24 hours a day and are designed with backup power systems, they generate a consistent and reliable amount of heat." “As the world moves, we need ten times the number of computers and we cannot build ten times the amount of data centers,” said Bjornsgaard, manager of Deep Green. “So there is a need to decentralize (分散) them and take little bits of them to where the heat is required. Our ‘digital boilers’ put waste heat to good use, saving local businesses thousands of pounds on energy bills and reducing their carbon footprint.” Deep Green isn’t the only company to come up with a neat solution to using waste-heat. In Paris, the Condorcet data center is heating an onsite Climate Change Arboretum that studies which plants are most adaptable to global warming. Similarly, the Notre Dame Centre for Research Computing heats a local municipal greenhouse. So as Bjornsgaard says, this is just the start. 1．What problem is Exmouth Leisure Centre facing? A．The increasing energy bill. B．The risk of losing its customers. C．Finding ways to cool its equipment. D．Its decreasing swimming pools. 2．Why does Deep Green cooperate with Exmouth Leisure Centre? A．Because they belong to the same company. B．Because their business models are similar. C．Because they can provide benefits for each other. D．Because they both want to protect the environment. 3．What factor leads to plenty of heat in data centers? A．The alarming speed of global warming. B．The non-stop running pattern. C．The building of backup power systems. D．The poor arrangement of devices. 4．Which of the following can best describe the solution? A．Modern but strange. B．Complicated but amazing. C．Demanding and expensive. D．Creative and environment-friendly. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安庆二中·期中） There is more to bettering health than exercise and eating more fruits and vegetables. Maintaining proper posture (体态) is vital for living a fuller life and avoiding negative health outcomes. Understanding good posture starts with the realization that your back doesn’t have to be completely straight, no matter how many times you heard warnings to “sit up straight” in your youth. “Proper posture allows you to distribute (分布) your weight equally, which enables your body to function more effectively with less bone stress and overall decreased damage. It also means plenty of movement. When most people think of posture, they consider fixed positioning. But the best posture guidelines encourage movement whenever possible,” says Drew Schwartz, a preventive medicine specialist. Maintaining proper posture provides a host of proven physical benefits, including better breathing. Schwartz notes that inefficient breathing patterns are related to a slouched (驼背的) posture, because such a position forces the body to rely more on upper-chest breathing. By contrast, belly breathing is more efficient and promotes relaxation pathways within the body. Proper posture can also improve digestion, helping you potentially avoid issues related to heartburn and high blood sugar levels. Along with such physical advantages, proper posture can also enhance your social life by improving human interactions and connections. “We’ve learned that a person with middle head-level posture is considered to be more cooperative than someone who has their head in an up-or-down position,” says Brook Martin, an associate professor. “Because of this and because posture plays such an important role in body language, good posture can improve communication skills and make you more appealing to others.” To experience benefits related to proper posture, Martin recommends being aware of how you sit and stand, and practicing doing so correctly often enough that it feels natural. Schwartz stresses the importance of wearing proper footwear, emphasizing that supportive flat and low-heeled shoes can be especially beneficial. “No matter what techniques you follow. improving your posture is an achievable goal,” Martin said. 1．What does holding a proper posture mean? A．Maintaining a straight back. B．Putting weight on main bones. C．Ensuring balanced weight distribution. D．Avoiding intense pressure on the back. 2．How can proper posture benefit our physical health? A．By giving us peace of mind. B．By adjusting our blood pressure. C．By switching our breathing methods. D．By ridding us of stomach discomfort. 3．What might Martin consider people with good posture to be? A．Capable and ambitious leaders. B．Easy-going and patient partners. C．Active and hardworking employees. D．Approachable and popular communicators. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The positives of having good posture. B．Some ways to develop good posture. C．The central meaning of good posture. D．Some facts behind body language. 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·皖南八校·期中） In Zhenhu, a small, scenic town in Suzhou, of its nearly 20, 000 residents, more than 40percent are engaged in the embroidery (刺绣) business. Zhou Xiaojing is one of them. With her nimble needle and threads (线), the young embroiderer has created many fascinating pieces of art. But mastering Suzhou embroidery is no easy task. It takes an ambitious embroiderer three to five years in general to learn the basics, and at least another 10 years to acquire more advanced techniques. “If you don’t love this craft, it’s hard to stick around, ” Zhou said. Many of her childhood friends abandoned this family practice, considering the low income, intense training, and other factors. To make her embroidery more lifelike, she studied the real world for inspiration. “To embroider a water town, I visited an ancient town in person; to do a goldfish, I bought a goldfish and studied its appearance and how it moved through the water.” Zhou’s embroidered goldfish has become a hit online. The two fish look alive, as if truly swimming in water. The most striking part is their tails, which twinkle with brilliant colours. To convey the goldfish’s elegant movements, she needed to use extremely fine silk threads. She split (分开) a single silk thread into 128 pieces, using just one of them in her embroidery. “The divided threads are incredibly light and thin. If you take a deep breath while embroidering, they might simply disappear, ” she said, “Also, you have to control your strength. Even a slight pressure imbalance can break the thread. That’s the hardest. ” She hopes her goldfish work will inspire more people to learn about this art and appreciate it, and bring more attention to traditional handicrafts. 1．Why didn’t Zhou’s childhood friends take up embroidery as a job? A．Their family don’t support them due to low income. B．Employment rate is low with too many embroiderers. C．Grasping the skill will take great efforts and patience. D．Possible injuries from sharp needles are a great threat. 2．Before Zhou embroiders flowers, which of the following is she more likely to do? A．Observe how the real flowers unfold. B．Turn to experts in her group for help. C．Do research on different flowers online. D．Analyse various works of great painters. 3．What is the most difficult part of her goldfish work? A．How to make the fish swim in water. B．She must keep a balanced force in hands. C．She must hold her breath for a long time. D．How to get the right thread, thin and light. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Embroidering a Lifelike Goldfish B．The Charm of Suzhou Embroidery C．The Success of Traditional Handicrafts D．Zhou Xiaojing: A Devoted Embroiderer Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期中） On September 7th, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, built by China and Indonesia, was put into operation. It makes the travel time between the two cities from 3.5 hours to just 40 minutes. It is reported that from September 7th to September 30th, people can ride for free. Tickets will go on sale in early October. This marks Indonesia’s time of high-speed rail. It’s also an important symbol of the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议). The railway is the first high-speed railway in Indonesia and even in Southeast Asia. The whole line is built using Chinese technology and standards. It connects Jakarta and Bandung (a famous tourist city). The railway is 142.3 kilometers with a maximum operating speed of 350 km/h. There are four stations along the way. Before this, China and Indonesia carried out a large number of tests on all equipment. This was to make sure that the railway met all the necessary conditions for safe operation. What’s more, the opening of the railway will also greatly improve the local traffic conditions. It will not only provide greater convenience for people along the railway, but also encourage business development and drive the growth of the tourism industry. All these will bring new chances to the local development. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．The train tickets can be bought in early October. B．We can ride the train for free on November 21st. C．It takes 2.5 hours to travel between the cities now. D．China started to build the railway on September 7th. 2．What makes the railway special? A．Southeast Asian passengers. B．Indonesian invention and science. C．Indonesian history and customs. D．Chinese technology and standards. 3．Which best explains the underlined word “maximum” in paragraph 2? A．The highest. B．The lowest. C．The cheapest. D．The safest. 4．What can we infer about people in Indonesia from the text? A．They will make exercise plans. B．Many of them will lose their jobs. C．They will live near the railway stations. D．Their living conditions will be improved. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥八中·期中） At a crop breeding (培育) center in Shanghai, researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China’s space station, Tiangong. The rice plants have completed a full growth cycle on Earth, maturing after more than 100 days since planting. This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft. Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59, which they returned to Earth. Researchers then selected high-quality seeds, growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10,000 new seeds. Zheng Huiqiong, a lead researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Center, shared that the team’s findings suggest space-bred seeds can reproduce effectively on Earth, suggesting potential for future space agriculture. Zheng highlighted that the space-bred rice possesses unique traits, such as a higher sugar content, with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice. The space-bred rice also showed a slight increase in protein content. “That means space-bred rice tastes sweeter and has more energy,” she added. Space breeding, the method used in this experiment, exposes seeds to space radiation and microgravity, generating gene mutations (基因突变). These mutations are carefully assessed upon the seeds’ return to Earth, sometimes resulting in advantageous traits like shorter growth times, improved disease resistance, and higher output. Zhao Hui, an expert at the China Academy of Space Technology, emphasized the safety of space-bred food, explaining that, unlike genetically modified crops, space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes. However, the space-bred rice has fewer leaves, which complicates close planting. Researchers are planning further studies to understand these leaf traits and explore possible genetic changes. The Tiangong rice experiment marked a milestone for crop science, as it was the first time that rice had completed a full life cycle — from seed germination (发芽) to reproduction — in orbit. 1．What can we know about the space-to-ground experiment? A．Seeds grown in orbit promise higher crop quality. B．Seeds bred in space were further grown successfully on Earth. C．New species of seeds grown in space have achieved great success. D．Climate conditions were controlled when seeds were sent into orbit. 2．What does the underlined words “traits” mean in paragraph 3? A．Materials. B．Arrangements. C．Disadvantages. D．Characteristics. 3．What does Zhao Hui stress about the space-bred rice? A．Its security. B．Its artificial process. C．Its nutrition. D．Its major shortcoming. 4．Which of the following is the best title? A．Organic Farming: High-quality Planting in Space B．Space Exploration: A Journey to Space and Beyond C．New Planting Approach: Replacing the Traditional Farming D．Space-to-ground Cycle: Promising Future Space Agriculture Passage 4 （24-25高一下·淮南二中·期中） If all the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players, where does that leave non-human figures, like artificial intelligence chatbots? As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers. In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality. The participants were given a mix of poems written by humans and by AI, and the scientists didn’t share anything about the poems’ authorship. The team uncovered a surprise: The participants who didn’t know anything about the poems’ origins gave higher ratings, on average, to those written by the chatbot. Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry? It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them “instant answers”. The study’s findings seem to confirm (证实) some fears about AI, which is that they’ll one day replace human artists and put them out of work. But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky tells the Washington Post. “If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A．AI is a player on the world stage. B．AI performs well in poetry writing. C．AI is so playful that it fools the readers. D．AI works well together with all humans. 2．What were participants asked to do with the given poems in the experiment? A．Identify their authors. B．Discuss their meanings. C．Grade them from different aspects. D．Compare them with their own poems. 3．What is a feature of AI-generated poems according to paragraph 3? A．They promote critical thinking. B．They widen readers’ views. C．They require immediate feedback. D．They are easy to understand. 4．What’s Lasky’s attitude towards AI-generated poems? A．Doubtful. B．Welcoming. C．Passionate. D．Indifferent. 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·皖南八校·期中） The snow leopard is a big cat. It has developed to live in some of the most terrible conditions in the world, and is found in some of Central Asia’s high mountain ranges. Kazakhstan is now celebrating the revival of this endangered species within its borders. This follows the success of local conservation efforts, which have increased the number of these dwindling wonderful big cats, doubling them in the last thirty years. Since 2019, they’ve increased by over 26%. It is thought that there are between 152—189 of these big cats in the country. This is a significant achievement, as the snow leopard is listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List and the national Red Books of all 12countries within its range. However, human activity remains the greatest threat to the survival of this species. A good example of this threat is provided by the photo of a snow leopard, standing beside and not affected by a huge truck on a Kazakhstan road, which went popular in 2022. The animal was rescued by Almaty Zoo, but sadly died soon afterwards. Later a plastic bag was found inside its stomach. To protect them, Kazakhstan signed a deal with Kyrgyzstan in 2024. They’ll share knowledge, watch over the cats and their habitats, and raise public awareness. Snow leopards are at the top of the food chain, and their survival shows that the mountain ecosystem is healthy. Importantly, the harmony between people and nature is the central part of these efforts. Cooperations (合作) like these are very important, because these countries represent a cross-border region of traveling of snow leopards. A greater understanding of these mountain ecosystems will benefit local people who depend on them, as well as future protective efforts. In Kazakhstan, the snow leopard is not only a national symbol but also a mascot (吉祥物) for the Asian Winter Games. With continued efforts, these amazing animals will keep living in the mountains. 1．What does the underlined word “dwindling” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Reduced. B．Unchanged. C．Temporary. D．Upset. 2．Why does the writer mention the death of a snow leopard in paragraph 3? A．To voice his/her thanks for the Zoo. B．To prove his/her point. C．To warn people against dropping litter. D．To remind people of careful driving. 3．What is the key factor for protecting snow leopards? A．Stopping illegal hunting of snow leopards. B．Providing food for snow leopards. C．Knowing the habits of snow leopards. D．Keeping the balance between humans and nature. 4．Which situation may arise in the future according to the text? A．Snow leopards will completely disappear from the Earth. B．There will be snow leopards race in Asian Winter Games. C．The population of snow leopards will continue increasing. D．Snow Leopards will be pets of every family in Kazakhstan. Passage 2 （25-26高一下·江淮名校·期中） Last September, a strange seismic signal (地震信号), lasting more than a week, attracted the attention of researchers around the world. It took 68 experts from 15 countries to discover the cause of the “USO” -Unidentified Seismic Object. The term USO is used informally by scientists for unusual seismic signals that can’t be explained, according to Kristian Svennevig, the lead author of a new report on this signal. From the start, scientists agreed this signal was not from an earthquake. Svennevig compared earthquakes to hitting piano keys with force, creating a mix of sounds that disappeared quickly. However, the unusual signal was like a single piano key producing a clear sound that lasted for nine days. Researchers tracked the signal to a huge snowslide in eastern Greenland’s Dickson fjord (峡湾), which was formed by melting (融化) ice due to climate change. Some 1.2 kilometers above the fjord, a mountaintop fell, driving more than 25 million cubic meters of rock and ice into the water-enough to fill 10,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools. The resulting tsunami (海啸) reached a height of 200 meters. The wave’s energy was caught in the rocky fjord, causing the water to move back and forth. This movement created the seismic signal. Svennevig noted that understanding this event took time. Even when they had ideas about what happened, they needed more information and improved models to support their findings. “We could only show that the tsunami was caught and kept moving inside the fjord for nine days after we used special army maps and improved our tsunami models,” Svennevig explained. To the researchers, the signal served as a wake-up call; similar events may happen with landfalls in other fjords or lakes due to climate change, which could lead to more landfalls and tsunamis in the Arctic. Understanding this event helps scientists learn more about how the Earth is changing due to global warming. There is still much to discover as we face the effects of climate change. 1．Why did Svennevig mention piano keys? A．To explain the strange signal. B．To introduce a musical instrument. C．To compare the sounds in nature. D．To give tips on playing the piano. 2．What caused the seismic signal? A．A wildfire. B．A snowslide. C．A heavy rain. D．An earthquake. 3．What can we know from Svennevig’s words? A．It’ll take much time to receive the seismic signal. B．It’s slow for scientists to find an answer to the event. C．A group of scientists was caught in the deadly tsunami. D．The researchers will make public the recent finding soon. 4．What does the author stress in the text? A．Landfalls always happen along with tsunamis. B．Scientists should keep an open mind on opinions. C．This event may shape our view on various cultures. D．The signal gives us fair warning of climate change. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽·期中） Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed with tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.” This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B．Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C．Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D．Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2．What did Lingchong You find in his study? A．How sponges are exactly structured. B．What encourages bacterial growth. C．How bacteria react to the environment. D．Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3．What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A．Relatively harmless. B．Poorly adaptive, C．Surprisingly unpleasant. D．Widely distributed. 4．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．Proofs of bacterial threat. B．The classification of bacteria. C．Methods to control bacterial growth. D．Research into applications of bacteria. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·淮南二中·期中） These days, we’re all well aware of the plastic problem the world’s facing. We’re reminded of this issue all the time, whether that’s by being encouraged to recycle or by having to pay for disposable carrier bags. Although we all realize what a serious issue plastic pollution is, it’s different when you actually see the overwhelming results of it for yourself. This was the situation a team of researchers who recently published a study on the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch (垃圾带) in the journal Scientific Reports found themselves in. According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California, US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste and covers 1.6 million square kilometers. It’s over four times the size of Japan, or almost 100 times the size of Beijing. “I’ve been doing this research for a while, but it was depressing to see [the patch in person],” Laurent Lebreton, lead author of the study, told the Guardian. “There were things you just wondered how they made it into the ocean. There’s clearly an increasing influx of plastic into the garbage patch.” It’s believed that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the sea each year, and a lot of it ends up collecting near large ocean currents around the world, forming “islands” of plastic. This causes problems not only for son creatures but also for humans. The swirling ocean currents eventually break down some of the plastic, with a lot of it ending up in the digestive systems of fish and birds. As a result, it’s believed that plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates — not to mention the countless creatures that choke on plastic waste, or are poisoned by the chemicals in it. So what can we do about this? Lebreton is a member of the Ocean Cleanup Foundation, a group that’s developed technology to collect plastic waste from the ocean. This is a huge project, with the group claiming it will take around five years just to clean up half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch alone. But rather than discourage people from using plastic altogether, Lebreton believes that we should simply be more mindful of how we use it. “In my opinion, plastic is very useful. But I think we must divert (转移) the way we use plastic, particularly in terms of single-use plastic and those objects that have a very short service lifespan,” he told BBC News. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The Great Pacific Garbage Patch. B．A study on plastic pollution. C．Lebreton and his research. D．Cleaning the ocean of plastic. 2．According to the text, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch ________. A．is about four times the size of Beijing. B．is harmful to both sea creatures and humans. C．consists of about 1.6 million tons of plastic waste. D．was formed because of swirling ocean currents. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．People should be more careful with their use of plastic products. B．Single-use plastic should be banned for the sake of the environment. C．The Great Pacific Garbage Patch will be cleaned up in about five years. D．Plastic products with short service lifespans should be replaced. 4．What is the text probably from? A．A business report B．A textbook C．A magazine D．Science fiction 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $