专题04 七选五（期中真题汇编，安徽专用）高一英语下学期

专题04 七选五 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽六安·期中） Managing Conflict with Humour Humour is a powerful tool. It brings people closer, managing conflict, and reducing tension. 1 Make sure you’re both in on the joke. Humour can help you overcome conflict only when both parties are in on the joke. So it’s important to be sensitive to the other person. 2 When the joking is one-sided rather than mutual (相互的), it can damage the relationship. Don’t use humour to cover up other emotions. Humour helps you face challenges in life. But there are times when humour is not healthy. For example, sometimes it is used as a cover for avoiding painful emotions. 3 When you do that, you create confusion and mistrust in your relationships. 4 Some find it easier than others to use humour, especially in tense situations. If your efforts aren’t going over well, start by using self-deprecating (自嘲的) humour. We all love people who don’t take themselves too seriously. After all, nobody is perfect and we all make mistakes. So, if you’re having a bad hair day, make a joke about it. Even if the joke falls flat, the only person you risk offending is yourself. Tap into (发掘) your playful side. 5 However, it’s important to point out that you don’t need to be a comedian to use humour to manage conflict. The point isn’t to impress the other person, but simply to lighten the mood. Therefore, don’t be afraid to simply act silly like a kid. It can lower the other person’s defenses and put you both in a more positive state of mind. A．Stop humour if faced with trouble. B．Develop a smart sense of humour. C．It is easy to understand some jokes. D．It’s understandable to fear rejection when attempting humour. E．You can be funny about the truth, but hiding the truth isn’t funny. F．Here’s how to use humour to resolve disagreements and strengthen your relationships. G．If he or she isn’t likely to appreciate the joke, don’t say or do it, even if it’s “all in good fun”. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期中） When others outperform us, should we feel threatened or inspired? Should we fear or respect those who are more capable, more skilled or more successful than us? 1 A study conducted by educational psychologists at Brown University explored how kindergartners in the U. S. and China tell stories about peers who perform better than others. 2 Chinese children often expressed respect for high achievers and a desire to imitate their success. In contrast, U. S. children’s stories typically focused on negative reactions, including envy and being left out. The findings reflect the cultural narratives (叙述) surrounding achievement in each society. In American culture, the “self” is defined by qualities and abilities, which are largely fixed. Thus, while the achievement of others reflects their high ability, it becomes a mirror to reveal one’s own lack of ability. 3 As a result, Chinese children tend to view others’ achievements not as signs of natural superiority, but as opportunities for learning and self-improvement. 4 In China, students’ overall performance may be publicly recognized to encourage success and motivate further improvement. Teachers even invite outstanding graduates to share their experiences and lessons with current students to promote learning. In the U. S., such phenomena are less common as they can be seen as threats to self-esteem. Ultimately, our perceptions and reactions to others’ success are profoundly shaped by cultural narratives surrounding achievement. 5 These narratives, in other words, determine whether we feel threatened or inspired, fearful or respectful, annoyed or eager to copy others. A．It can be a source of motivation. B．These cultural differences extend to educational practices. C．Education facilitates personal growth and social progress. D．They influence our motivations, relationships and actions. E．Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in content. F．Different responses can lead to constructive or destructive reactions and actions. G．However, Chinese culture stresses abilities and qualities can improve through efforts. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·马鞍山二中·期中） People with an aesthetic (审美的) mindset tend to be highly curious, enjoy exploration, and are motivated to engage in creative activities. 1 It also can be used to improve the quality of life. So how to cultivate (培养) an aesthetic mindset? The following factors can help you develop it. 2 Curiosity is our innate desire to understand the world and a key motivator for learning in everyday life. Curiosity drives us to discover new knowledge and seek answers to new knowledge. Seek novel and unpredictable experiences. Novelty, or surprise, is anything that is registered as new and different to our brain. They are tuned into novel stimuli (刺激). We attend to stimuli that are different. 1 A novel event can be almost anything — seeing a painting for the first time, or having an unpleasant experience. Enrich environments. Enriched environments have the potential to dramatically change the brain. Biophilic (热爱生命的) design helps to connect with the outdoors. For example, bringing in houseplants, choosing floral prints, and using colors from nature can have a calming effect. 1 Such as ceiling height, light from a window, and the volume of a room. Find your inner creativity. 1 These reactions are original and unique. Creativity is a willingness to leave what is known and be receptive to new ideas. Creative thinking allows us to connect information in new and meaningful ways. A．Keep questioning. B．Overcome your shyness. C．Certain architectural elements can enhance creativity. D．The experience of aesthetics can promote health and well-being. E．Something fresh disobeys one’s expectations and captures our attention. F．Interesting aesthetic mindset helps to enhance self-value and social value. G．We each face problems in our daily lives that require creative responses. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·安徽阜阳·期中） Customs on Either Side of the Atlantic We all know that Britain and the US are two countries connected by a common language. But in fact, 16 , as BBC did in a recent story called 8 Situations When Britons Behave Differently From Americans. Below Teens has picked out four for you. Take a look. When someone knocks into you. If someone bumps into an American, the victim (受害人) will most likely look at the person and expect an apology. If however, 17 . Chances are that the victim will say “sorry” before the other can make his or her own apology. 18 . Britons don’t all change into evening dress for supper like what you may have seen in popular TV shows like Downton Abbey. But they do tend to make an effort when going out for dinner somewhere nice. Americans, however, will probably wear a casual shirt. When you don’t finish your food. When dining out at a restaurant, 19 . They think the food is somehow “tainted” once they’ve touched it with a knife and fork. In the US, wrapping it up to take home is a standard practice. When you get into a taxi. Britons will give the cab driver an address, then think that’s it for the interaction until it’s time to pay. Even if they’re being taken in a roundabout (迂回的；绕远的) way, 1 . In the US, however, most passengers think nothing of telling the driver what route to take after telling him or her the destination. A．the victim happens to be British B．When you get dressed for dinner C．When you go out with your friends D．they’re very unlikely to say anything E．the differences are more fun to observe F．they will point it out immediately and politely G．Britons wouldn’t think to take the leftovers home Passage 5 （23-24高一下·蚌埠二中·期中） Some multi-story (多层) buildings are designed with a “soft” level that offers significantly less support than the levels above or below it. These buildings are called soft-story buildings. These floors cannot deal with the destructive forces caused by an earthquake. 1 This will cause what is known as the “soft-story collapse (倒塌)”. Soft-story buildings are characterized by having a story that has a lot of open space. 2 Hotels and office buildings can also have soft stories. Large retail space (零售空间) or floors with a lot of windows are common in such buildings. If a building has a floor that is 70% less firm than the floor above it, it is considered a soft-story building. This soft story creates a major weak point in an earthquake. Soft stories are classically associated with retail space and parking garages. 3 When they collapse, they can make the whole building fall with them, sometimes making the structure unusable. 4 When builders apply for a permit to build a new structure, engineers may analyze the plans to ensure that no soft stories are built in. If the building department decides that the building will be structurally unsound in a quake, recommendations for improving the design may be included in the rejection (拒绝) letter. Older buildings are of great concern to building departments and emergency services in areas where earthquakes are common. 5 Such projects may be relatively inexpensive, especially when compared with the cost of replacing a soft-story building after it collapses. A．As a result, the soft story may fall. B．A building with a soft story is similar. C．A collapsing building is very dangerous. D．So they are often on the lower stories of a building. E．Parking garages, for example, are often soft stories. F．These buildings are often in need of improvement to make them safer. G．Many areas in an earthquake zone have exact building rules about soft-story buildings. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期中） Challenges are a common part of our life, and everyone is bound to meet them. 1 However, we can use these challenges to make positive changes in our life. For instance: Develop your enthusiasm. 2 When you are setting your goals, you always want to be passionate about those goals, because if you love what you do, you will be driven by the desire to achieve success. 28 . When you doubt yourself, you are actually preventing your own progress. Therefore, it’s essential to view yourself as a winner and trust yourself. Feeding your mind with positives will reinforce your beliefs and sweep any doubts out of your system. Track your progress. It is crucial for you to keep track of every improvement you make. 3 Everystep forward will give you a boost, and push you to make more efforts to the achievement of your ultimate goal. Learn how to control your emotions. When you come across problems in life, it is important to employ your emotional intelligence. You are a product of your thoughts and feelings. Any bad emotions that show up can deny the positive forward movement you enjoyed earlier. So approach any challenge with a positive attitude. 4 Instead, strongly believe that you have all the tools you need in order to make positive changes in your life. It is in your hands to make the changes necessary and to take your life to new heights. A．Practice makes perfect. B．Consider confidence as a must for success. C．This will inspire you to work even harder. D．They can make us lose hope and even give up. E．Don’t feel negative when you meet with difficulties. F．There is nothing to be gained from delaying decisions and thoughts. G．Being passionate about something can motivate you to reach your goals. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·安徽联考·期中） Money habits are the small daily decisions we make that influence how we spend and save our money. It might be challenging to change these habits, but with the following tips, we can make improvements to achieve our financial objectives. Taking a careful look at your existing spending habits is the first step. 1 It can make you realize the potential issues on your spending habits and identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns. 2 Having a specific objective in mind will help you keep motivated and focused, whether it’s saving for a down payment (首付) on a home or creating an emergency fund. Setting and sticking to a budget (预算) is also crucial. A budget ensures that your spending is focused on your urgencies and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your objectives. 3 Impulsive purchasing (冲动消费) is a bad habit to break. Kick the habit of impulse shopping because it can significantly reduce your bank account. Make a list of the items you require before going shopping and stick to it. 4 Finally, pay attention to your financial habits and adjust them as needed. 5 Keep in mind that adjusting your spending patterns is. a process, and its effects might not be seen right away. But in the long run, you can make positive changes and strengthen your overall financial health. A．For many of us, spending comes naturally. B．Next, set up clear financial objectives for yourself. C．If you are on a budget, you do not have much money to spend. D．Track your spending and goals, and be prepared to adjust as required. E．This involves recording all your spending for a month and then analyzing the data. F．Make sure to include a category for savings in your budget and use it consistently. G．Additionally, wait a day or two before buying something so that you can decide if you still want it. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥八中·期中） Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with hormones, higher expectations, and the process of finding your place in the world. But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teen years. 1 Setting Realistic Expectations Avoid media-based expectations, good or bad. 1 Although adolescence is a time of great change, this does not necessarily mean it will be the most difficult time of your life. If you are worried that this new life stage will be full of ever-present drama, the truth is that this is just another stage of your life which you will get through as much as you did in childhood long ago. Developing Yourself Develop your sense of self, focusing more on your own thoughts and goals, instead of what other people think. For lots of people, the teenage years are full of worries — stop paying so much attention to them! 1 Go ahead and do what you want to do, without considering the opinion of others. Developing Relationships Work to improve your social skills. Some teens have trouble with social interaction, with the reasons behind it varying. Since social interaction is necessary in order to succeed, it’s important to learn how to deal with shyness and social anxiety. 1 It may not replace new social exchanges, but it’s a good practice. 2 That’s just a fact of life. However, if you don’t enjoy your teens, concentrate on being kind to others and getting through it. A．Others expect too much from us. B．Remember, not everyone enjoys their teens. C．All of us are able to experience an enjoyable adolescence. D．Here are some things you can do to enjoy your teenage years. E．Many worries are based on what other people think, rather than what you think. F．Being a teenager is not necessarily any easier or more difficult than any other life stage. G．Consider working with a friend or a family member of close age to develop your social skills. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·淮南二中·期中） The fear of learning is a common problem that many students face on their educational journey. Whether it’s the fear of failure or simply a lack of confidence, this fear can hold you back from reaching your full potential. 1 Here are the steps to overcome the fear of learning in education. Before you can conquer your fear, it’s essential to understand the cause of the fear. 2 Is it a fear of failure, perfectionism or feeling overwhelmed by the subject matter? By finding out the root cause, you can better address and overcome it. 3 Shift your perspective from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset. Understand that intelligence and abilities are not fixed but can be developed through effort. Adopting a growth mindset allows you to approach learning with optimism. Curiosity is the fuel that drives learning. Maintain a sense of wonder and curiosity about the world around you. 4 When you approach learning with curiosity, it becomes less about fear and more about discovery and growth. Ultimately, the best way to overcome the fear of learning is to take action. Use an effective approach to learning by tackling challenges head-on. 5 And each mistake is an opportunity to learn and grow. By taking consistent action, you’ll increase motivation and build confidence. A．But with some efforts, you can overcome the fear. B．Every small step you take brings you closer to your goals. C．The fear of learning is a natural part of the educational journey. D．Break down your learning goals into smaller, manageable ones. E．Ask questions, seek out new experiences and explore diverse perspectives. F．Take some time to reflect on what specifically leads to your fear of learning. G．To overcome the fear of learning, it’s crucial to change your thinking pattern. 主题03 人与动植物 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽培优联盟·期中） If you are a bike rider, you may remember your first long ride. On a bike, you could travel so much faster and farther than you ever could on foot. Off you went to your friend’s house, to school, or to the park. What freedom! 1 Who was the first to throw a leg over the bare back of a horse? Scientists aren’t sure. But they do know that horses once ran wild through the open grasslands of Europe, Asia, and the Americas. 1 Long before humans learned to farm, they were hunters. For food, they searched for fruits and nuts, and stalked bison, mammoths and horses. Then, about 10,000 years ago, horses disappeared from the Americas. The herds of Europe and Asia also shrank. The exact reason isn’t known, but it was probably the result of climate changes and over-hunting. The only place where horses thrived was the grassy plain of Central Asia and Mongolia. There, for the first time, horses began to make friends with humans. 2 The once wild horse was domesticated-herded and cared for by people. Later people would take horses to all the corners of the world. Of the millions of species on Earth, only a few have been successfully domesticated or tamed to live with humans. Sheep, goats and cattle were domesticated for their meat, milk, and hides. Were horses first herded for similar reasons? Some archaeologists studying ancient sites in Central Asia have found evidence that horses were kept for food 6,000 years ago. Keeping horses helped people live through the harsh winters. Sheep and goats need to be fed in winter, but horses can feed themselves. 1 Horses can also eat tough plants that other animals can’t. Horses could be used for meat and also milked. Archaeologists have found traces of mare’s milk on broken pieces of many ancient pots. If people milked horses, it’s likely the horses were tame. After all, who would try to milk a wild horse? Ancient hunters probably learned about horse behavior by watching wild herds. 1 Once horses were tame enough to milk, people likely started riding them too. A．Prehistoric people first viewed horses as a source of food. B．Humans have bred modern horses into many varieties. C．They can dig through snow to find grass. D．Later, this helped them domesticate horses. E．This helped both horses and humans survive. F．The first humans to ride horses probably felt the same way. G．The horses as we know has evolved over millions of years. 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·安庆二中·期中） Walking might seem simple. “But it’s not,” explains Peggy Cawthon, a professor at Harvard Medical School. “It’s an amazingly complex behavior when we try to understand how to improve our lives as we age.” 1 ? Here are a few ideas. Don’t stop exercising Cawthon agrees that the worst thing a person can do is to stop exercising. “You’ll feel the effects almost immediately,” says Cawthon. Sitting for hours leaves her uncomfortable, and it’s the days when she types that her arthritis (关节炎) doesn’t cause much pain. 1 . Train yourself to walk with skill To truly improve your walking, you need to think like an athlete. Imagine you want to play tennis, but you have a bad backhand. Playing lots of tennis won’t fix the problem, Cawthon says. 1 . It’s the same thing with walking. Give your brain a boost (激励) 1 . So don’t forget that when working out your fitness plan. Cawthon has been studying an area of the brain related to motivation (动机) and executive function. Subjects with a boost walk more steps on average than the control group, and they have been maintaining that even several months later. 2 So when should we face the music about our mobility? There is no final answer for when walking problems begin to come up. “You should be as active as you can at any age,” Cawthon says, noting that people who are healthy in their 20s and 30s are best equipped to deal with future age-related challenges. “The best time to start is now. Next best is tomorrow,” she says. A．Start planning now B．Be in pretty good shape C．You need to improve your skill D．So what steps should we take to do it right E．How can you sweat your way to good health F．It is a helpful reminder that our bodies need action G．Basically, the body part controlling everything is your brain Passage 2 （23-24高一下·合肥一中·期中） The online mapping is a way to use maps available online to provide a number of functions that traditional maps have provided for years. 1 Meanwhile, there are other types of maps available as well, such as nautical maps (航海地图). One advantage of online mapping is the ability to custom-make a map for an individual based on particular needs. 2 Thus, the map is much more than a graph of roads; it is a custom-made printing specifically based on a desired route. In addition, the online mapping also usually includes text directions that can help provide yet another affirmation (确认) of the route. These text directions are often displayed in conjunction with any map that is shown and is printable. 3 Traditional maps may only be updated once a year just before they are published. 4 It can be updated in real time. A map can indeed be updated on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis, but it does not necessarily mean that it will be. Even the most thorough mapping services may not be able to keep up with all the construction projects and changes on any given day. 5 . Some maps may only show the route the driver should take, without other streets being listed. Also, there is no way for an online mapping service to inform travelers if they do wander off the route prescribed. A．It depends on how often they are updated. B．However, the online mapping has no such limitations. C．There are some disadvantages of using online mapping. D．The most common application is probably the road mapping. E．Some of them fail to provide accurate maps and directions. F．This can help a traveler remove all unnecessary information. G．So it’s convenient for those who need to take their maps with them. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·六安一中·期中） Music plays an important role in our lives. 1 If you’ve created music or have found comfort in playing an instrument or listening to your favorite artist, you will be interested in the science behind why music makes us feel so good. Unlike food, music isn’t necessary for our survival. 2 Music floods the brain with a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺), which is associated with pleasure, motivation and reward. Studies have shown that certain pieces of classical music will have the same effect on everyone. 3 Of course, everyone is different and music will make us respond according to our own taste and familiarity. Yet, investigations have shown that some music will give people a universal experience. Neuroscientists conducted research using PET scans to detect the release of dopamine in the brain when subjects listened to their favorite songs. They later used MRI to view the pleasure center of the brain where dopamine is released and then mapped out its connection with other areas of the brain. 4 The pleasure center of the brain predicts what kind of music we will enjoy based on the connection it makes to other parts of our brain. New music fits into patterns already mapped out in the brain by our past musical tastes. It is pleasurable not only because it is familiar, but it is different just enough to feel new and exciting. 1 Broadening musical experience and taste can become a journey of self-discovery, for like any art form, in music we see our humanity. A．Enjoying music is unique to humans. B．They cause the same changes in the brain. C．However, it is extremely rewarding and pleasurable. D．It was these connections that were the most interesting revelation. E．Music, therefore, can be used as a mood enhancer or as a motivator. F．We can recall vivid memories and emotions when listening to music. G．There is a lot of research about music and its relationship to intelligence. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·安徽灵璧·期中） If you have a big test coming up or just want to do well in class, studying is one of the best things you can do to improve your grade. Even though revising things you already learned might seem boring, you’ll feel a lot more comfortable with the material. 1 Study in 1-hour blocks. Keep your study time shorter so you don’t get tired. Set aside (留出) an hour for each of your subjects so you have time to revise them. 1 In this way, you don’t get information mixed up between classes. 2 Step away for a few minutes every hour so you don’t feel overworked. Since studying takes up a lot of energy and brainpower, schedule in 5-10 minutes every hour where you just relax. Avoid working through the breaks. Schedule time to study every day. Try to set aside a regular time to go over notes for class. 1 So, you’re able to focus a little better. If you can, try to plan the same time every day so you can get into a regular routine (惯例). Work somewhere quiet. 1 Avoid studying in a room with other loud people or distractions since it’ll be hard to focus and remember the material. Instead, go into your room and shut the door, or find a quiet spot at the school library where you can sit. A．Plan regular breaks. B．Revise your notes in your own words. C．Only focus on one subject at a time during each block. D．Find a time when you feel the most energetic to study. E．We’ll start by looking at some tips on forming the best study habits! F．Find a place where you won’t have trouble concentrating on the material. G．If you live with others, ask them to be quiet when you plan your study time. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·安徽宿州·期中） Push Yourselves Beyond the Limits Limits are a wall between you and your success. You will face great difficulties when attempting to break through the limits. They could be fear, lack of confidence, and physical disabilities. If you desire a life of success, you must face them and push yourself beyond the limits. Failing to do so will make your goals and dreams hard to achieve. 1 Inspire yourself. Don’t wait for external (外部的) need to make the first move. Discover your inner eagerness! 2 . Ensure it is something that fills you with passion and drive to get things done. Inspiration can push you forward. Try a little more than you think you can. Pushing past your limits means accepting newer, harder challenges. If you’re not challenging yourself to do bigger and better things regularly, you’re only working within what you already can do. 3 . 4 . It is likely that you need to build your empire step by step. That takes time and regular effort. One good way is to adopt the approach of “No Zero Days”. That is, there is not a day that you don’t work on your big goals, at least a little bit. It can be twenty minutes devoted to doing one small thing, which will get you closer to that big thing you want to complete. Find someone who supports you and encourages you to keep going. 10 . Having someone to support you can fight with any negative thinking that may limit you. It could be a life coach, friend, parent and your teachers. They can help you make the push you need to get out of your comfort zone. A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Here are tips for you to succeed. C．Discover where your passion lies. D．Work on your goals a little each day. E．It could be an inspiring video, articles, TED Talks, or quotes. F．That’s a way to stay where you are and make little or no progress. G．A bit of assistance means much in facing difficulties. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·期中） Sometimes, we meet with situations that cause us to feel angry to the point we may want to erupt like a volcano or curse (咒骂) someone out. 1 Here are some replies online to the question about how to deal with anger. Go for a swim, lift weights, and practice other forms of exercise! Science suggests that hearing, seeing, or swimming causes our brain to produce neurochemicals that increase blood flow to the brain and heart. “ 1 I like to lift weights. It completely takes the edge off. Heavy bag work is good for cardio and reducing anger. Yoga is great for both exercise and meditation,” wrote u/JackFunk. Eat a healthier diet. Proteins such as fish, tofu, and chicken help us produce higher levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, which are chemicals in the brain that play a role in our mood, motivation, and concentration. “I found that some foods messed with my stomach. 1 Over time, I have removed various foods from my diet, and it has really helped,” u/JackFunk also wrote. Write your feelings down. Whether it’s quick sentences or journal entries, writing down how you feel is a great way to release negative emotions. “ 1 Pour your heart out… and if you’re worried that someone else may read it later, you can burn it to release the energy,” wrote u/ChoiceFabulous. 2 “If you have trouble not getting angry when discussing something or trying to work through a problem with someone, always imagine the conversation is being videotaped. If you keep that in the back of your mind, you will always think about what you say, and it could help keep your mind from the anger,” wrote u/therealtidbits. A．For me, nothing is better than exercise. B．Whenever I can’t help getting angry, I read. C．Pretend that when you get angry people are watching. D．Whenever I can’t exercise or burn out the feelings, I write. E．Anyway, there are always better ways to handle when angry. F．They then messed with my head, which brought out the anger. G．Pretend there is a camera before you and be mindful of what you say. Passage 4 （23-24高一下·安庆一中·期中） Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness! Have you found that focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first? 1 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself. This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut, or flavor of ice cream. 2 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your well-being and lifelong happiness. There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings, or just free-write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 3 . 4 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them. An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 5 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships. A．It’s one thing to know your personal type. B．It’s a great way to show that you care about others. C．Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon. D．Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations. E．It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others. F．But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing. G．It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world. 主题03 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽安庆·期中） Food waste is a major issue in agriculture and in homes. If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste. 1 It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through to preservation (保存) of your harvests. Here are some tips for you. When planning a food-producing garden, it’s very important to choose the right plants for the right places. Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions. 2 Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate. If you make the right plant choices, you are likely to get a good harvest. Sometimes cooperation is key. People may often have more seeds (种子) than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable (能存活的) for a certain length of time. 3 And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other. 4 You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants. Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved. This can happen in a range of different ways. You can freeze, pickle (腌制), or can a wide range of garden produce. 5 A．Communities can come together to harvest crops. B．Many common weeds or flowers can be sources of food. C．Preventing food waste in the garden is a long term process. D．So think about how you can create good systems in your garden. E．Sharing them between households can avoid wasting their potential. F．Make sure you know how to do so properly when harvest time comes. G．Scheduling different harvest periods for certain crops can help avoid waste. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 七选五 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽六安·期中） Managing Conflict with Humour Humour is a powerful tool. It brings people closer, managing conflict, and reducing tension. 1 Make sure you’re both in on the joke. Humour can help you overcome conflict only when both parties are in on the joke. So it’s important to be sensitive to the other person. 2 When the joking is one-sided rather than mutual (相互的), it can damage the relationship. Don’t use humour to cover up other emotions. Humour helps you face challenges in life. But there are times when humour is not healthy. For example, sometimes it is used as a cover for avoiding painful emotions. 3 When you do that, you create confusion and mistrust in your relationships. 4 Some find it easier than others to use humour, especially in tense situations. If your efforts aren’t going over well, start by using self-deprecating (自嘲的) humour. We all love people who don’t take themselves too seriously. After all, nobody is perfect and we all make mistakes. So, if you’re having a bad hair day, make a joke about it. Even if the joke falls flat, the only person you risk offending is yourself. Tap into (发掘) your playful side. 5 However, it’s important to point out that you don’t need to be a comedian to use humour to manage conflict. The point isn’t to impress the other person, but simply to lighten the mood. Therefore, don’t be afraid to simply act silly like a kid. It can lower the other person’s defenses and put you both in a more positive state of mind. A．Stop humour if faced with trouble. B．Develop a smart sense of humour. C．It is easy to understand some jokes. D．It’s understandable to fear rejection when attempting humour. E．You can be funny about the truth, but hiding the truth isn’t funny. F．Here’s how to use humour to resolve disagreements and strengthen your relationships. G．If he or she isn’t likely to appreciate the joke, don’t say or do it, even if it’s “all in good fun”. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何运用幽默来解决冲突和加强人际关系。 1．空前“Humour is a powerful tool. It brings people closer, managing conflict, and reducing tension.(幽默是一种强大的工具。它使人们更亲近，管理冲突，减少紧张)”说明了幽默可以管理冲突，减少紧张，空格处应该说要如何用幽默来处理冲突，F选项“Here’s how to use humour to resolve disagreements and strengthen your relationships.(下面是如何用幽默来解决分歧和加强你们的关系。)”说明了接下来要讲如何用幽默来处理分歧，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 2．空前“Make sure you’re both in on the joke. Humour can help you overcome conflict only when both parties are in on the joke. So it’s important to be sensitive to the other person.(要确保对方能理解你的笑话。只有当双方都能理解笑话时，幽默才能帮助你化解冲突。因此，对他人保持敏感很重要)”说明了要确保对方能理解你的笑话，要对他人保持敏感，看看他们对你说的笑话是什么反应，G选项“If he or she isn’t likely to appreciate the joke, don’t say or do it, even if it’s “all in good fun”.(如果他或她不太可能欣赏这个笑话，不要说或做，即使这是“好玩的”。)”说明了如果对方不喜欢这个笑话，那就不要讲了，和上文的“对他人敏感”相承接，故选G。 3．空前“For example, sometimes it is used as a cover for avoiding painful emotions.(例如，有时它被用作避免痛苦情绪的掩护)”说明了幽默有时被用作避免痛苦情绪的掩护，空后“When you do that, you create confusion and mistrust in your relationships.(当你这样做的时候，你会在你们的关系中制造混乱和不信任)”说明了如果像空格处所说的那么做，就会造成混乱，说明空格处所说的做法不好，E选项“You can be funny about the truth, but hiding the truth isn’t funny.(你可以拿事实开玩笑，但隐瞒事实就不好笑了。)”说明了隐瞒事实不好，承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 4．空格处是本段主旨句，由空后“Some find it easier than others to use humour, especially in tense situations. If your efforts aren’t going over well, start by using self-deprecating (自嘲的) humour. We all love people who don’t take themselves too seriously. After all, nobody is perfect and we all make mistakes. So, if you’re having a bad hair day, make a joke about it. Even if the joke falls flat, the only person you risk offending is yourself.(对有些人来说，使用幽默比其他人更容易，尤其是在紧张的情况下。如果你的努力没有取得好效果，那就从使用自嘲式幽默开始。我们都喜欢那些不把自己太当回事的人。毕竟，没有人是完美的，我们都会犯错。所以，如果你今天发型很糟，那就开个玩笑吧。即使这个笑话效果平平，你唯一可能冒犯的人就是你自己)”可知，本段主要讲的是要培养幽默感，B选项“Develop a smart sense of humour.(培养聪明的幽默感。)”说明了要培养幽默感，概括了本段主要内容，可作为本段主旨句，故选B。 5．空后“However, it’s important to point out that you don’t need to be a comedian to use humour to manage conflict.(不过，重要的是要指出，你不需要成为一名喜剧演员才能用幽默来化解冲突)”中的However表转折，说明你可能会觉得自己讲的笑话不好，可能别人不会喜欢，D选项“It’s understandable to fear rejection when attempting humour.(在尝试幽默时害怕被拒绝是可以理解的。)”说明了在尝试使用幽默的时候害怕被拒绝是可以理解的，和空后的“你不需要成为一名喜剧演员才能用幽默来化解冲突”相呼应，因此符合语境，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期中） When others outperform us, should we feel threatened or inspired? Should we fear or respect those who are more capable, more skilled or more successful than us? 1 A study conducted by educational psychologists at Brown University explored how kindergartners in the U. S. and China tell stories about peers who perform better than others. 2 Chinese children often expressed respect for high achievers and a desire to imitate their success. In contrast, U. S. children’s stories typically focused on negative reactions, including envy and being left out. The findings reflect the cultural narratives (叙述) surrounding achievement in each society. In American culture, the “self” is defined by qualities and abilities, which are largely fixed. Thus, while the achievement of others reflects their high ability, it becomes a mirror to reveal one’s own lack of ability. 3 As a result, Chinese children tend to view others’ achievements not as signs of natural superiority, but as opportunities for learning and self-improvement. 4 In China, students’ overall performance may be publicly recognized to encourage success and motivate further improvement. Teachers even invite outstanding graduates to share their experiences and lessons with current students to promote learning. In the U. S., such phenomena are less common as they can be seen as threats to self-esteem. Ultimately, our perceptions and reactions to others’ success are profoundly shaped by cultural narratives surrounding achievement. 5 These narratives, in other words, determine whether we feel threatened or inspired, fearful or respectful, annoyed or eager to copy others. A．It can be a source of motivation. B．These cultural differences extend to educational practices. C．Education facilitates personal growth and social progress. D．They influence our motivations, relationships and actions. E．Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in content. F．Different responses can lead to constructive or destructive reactions and actions. G．However, Chinese culture stresses abilities and qualities can improve through efforts. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．G 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中美两国儿童面对同伴优异表现时的不同反应及背后的文化差异，探讨成就叙事如何影响人们的动机与行为。 1．根据上文的“When others outperform us, should we feel threatened or inspired? Should we fear or respect those who are more capable, more skilled or more successful than us?(当别人比我们表现得更好时，我们应该感到受到威胁还是得到激励？我们应该害怕还是尊敬那些比我们更有能力、更熟练或更成功的人？)”可知，此处就别人比我们表现更好时，我们会做出怎样的回应的问题，结合下文讲述的中美两国对该问题的不同回应可知，此空需要一个能够引出下文的内容，F选项“Different responses can lead to constructive or destructive reactions and actions.(不同的反应可以导致建设性或破坏性的回应和行为。)”回应了上文的问题，同时引出下文讲述的内容，符合语境。故选F项。 2．根据上文的“A study conducted by educational psychologists at Brown University explored how kindergartners in the U. S. and China tell stories about peers who perform better than others.(一项由布朗大学的教育心理学家进行的研究探讨了美国和中国的幼儿园儿童如何讲述关于比其他同龄人表现更好的同伴的故事。)”可知，此处提到了布朗大学的一项研究，结合下文的“Chinese children often expressed respect for high achievers and a desire to imitate their success. In contrast, U. S. children’s stories typically focused on negative reactions, including envy and being left out. (中国儿童经常表达对高成就者的尊敬以及模仿他们成功的愿望。相比之下，美国儿童的故事通常集中在负面反应上，包括嫉妒和被排挤的感觉。)”可知，研究的结果显示中美两国的儿童对此产生了明显的不同，由此可知，此处需要一个具体的描述来引出研究的结果，E选项“Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in content.(两组儿童都讲述了详细的故事，但在内容上显示出了明显的差异。)”承接上文提到的研究，且阐述了两国儿童存在的差异性，进而引出下文详细解释两国之间存在的明显差异，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据上文的“In American culture, the “self” is defined by qualities, and abilities, which are largely fixed. Thus, while the achievement of others reflects their high ability, it becomes a mirror to reveal one’s own lack of ability.(在美国文化中，“自我”是由那些大多固定不变的品质和能力所定义的。因此，虽然他人的成就反映了他们高水平的能力，但这也成为了一面镜子，映照出自己能力的不足。)”可知，此处阐述了美国文化对“自我”的定义以及因此带来的影响，结合下文的“As a result, Chinese children tend to view others’ achievements not as signs of natural superiority, but as opportunities for learning and self-improvement.(因此，中国儿童倾向于将他人的成就视为学习和自我提升的机会，而不是自然优越性的标志。)”可知，此处阐述了中国文化对儿童产生的影响，由此可知，此空讲述的与中国文化标准相关，G选项“However, Chinese culture stresses abilities and qualities can improve through efforts.(然而，中国文化强调能力与品质是可以通过努力得到提升的。)”讲述的内容与上文的内容为转折关系，且与空后的内容为因果关系，符合逻辑。故选G项。 4．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，结合下文“In China, students’ overall performance may be publicly recognized to encourage success and motivate further improvement. Teachers even invite outstanding graduates to share their experiences and lessons with current students to promote learning. In the U. S., such phenomena are less common as they can be seen as threats to self-esteem.(在中国，学生的整体表现可能会被公开认可，以鼓励成功并激励进一步的改进。教师甚至会邀请杰出的毕业生与当前的学生分享他们的经验和教训，以促进学习。而在美国，这样的现象较为少见，因为它们可能被视为对自尊心的威胁。)”可知，在中国表现好的孩子会被公开认可，教师会让其分享他们的经验和教训，而在美国，这被视为对自尊心的威胁，由此可知，此处讲述的是这种文化差异在教育领域的不同，B选项“These cultural differences extend to educational practices.(这些文化差异延伸到了教育实践。)”讲述的内容与教育相关，概括了本段的主题，为接下来的具体例子提供了合理的过渡。故选B项。 5．根据下文的“These narratives, in other words, determine whether we feel threatened or inspired, fearful or respectful, annoyed or eager to copy others.(换句话说，这些叙述决定了我们是感到受到威胁还是得到激励，是感到恐惧还是尊敬，是感到恼怒还是渴望模仿他人。)”可知，此处是对该空内容换一种说法的表述，由此可推断，此空应是对这些叙述对我们产生的影响的另外一种表述方式，D选项“They influence our motivations, relationships and actions.(它们影响着我们的动机、人际关系和行为。)”中的they指代的是上文的cultural narratives surrounding achievement，且讲述的内容与下文的内容吻合，符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·马鞍山二中·期中） People with an aesthetic (审美的) mindset tend to be highly curious, enjoy exploration, and are motivated to engage in creative activities. 1 It also can be used to improve the quality of life. So how to cultivate (培养) an aesthetic mindset? The following factors can help you develop it. 2 Curiosity is our innate desire to understand the world and a key motivator for learning in everyday life. Curiosity drives us to discover new knowledge and seek answers to new knowledge. Seek novel and unpredictable experiences. Novelty, or surprise, is anything that is registered as new and different to our brain. They are tuned into novel stimuli (刺激). We attend to stimuli that are different. 1 A novel event can be almost anything — seeing a painting for the first time, or having an unpleasant experience. Enrich environments. Enriched environments have the potential to dramatically change the brain. Biophilic (热爱生命的) design helps to connect with the outdoors. For example, bringing in houseplants, choosing floral prints, and using colors from nature can have a calming effect. 1 Such as ceiling height, light from a window, and the volume of a room. Find your inner creativity. 1 These reactions are original and unique. Creativity is a willingness to leave what is known and be receptive to new ideas. Creative thinking allows us to connect information in new and meaningful ways. A．Keep questioning. B．Overcome your shyness. C．Certain architectural elements can enhance creativity. D．The experience of aesthetics can promote health and well-being. E．Something fresh disobeys one’s expectations and captures our attention. F．Interesting aesthetic mindset helps to enhance self-value and social value. G．We each face problems in our daily lives that require creative responses. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了具有审美思维的人所具备的特点，并给出了培养审美思维的几个方法，包括保持好奇心、寻求新奇不可预测的体验、丰富环境以及激发内在创造力等。 1．根据上文“People with an aesthetic (审美的) mindset tend to be highly curious, enjoy exploration, and are motivated to engage in creative activities.(具有审美思维的人往往极具好奇心，喜欢探索，并积极参与创造性活动)”以及下文“It also can be used to improve the quality of life(它还可以用来提高生活质量)”可知，此处是在阐述审美思维的益处， D项“The experience of aesthetics can promote health and well-being.(审美的体验可以促进健康和幸福)”表达的意思符合语境，表明了与前文在阐述审美思维益处方面的承接关系。故选D项。 2．根据下文“Curiosity is our innate desire to understand the world and a key motivator for learning in everyday life. Curiosity drives us to discover new knowledge and seek answers to new knowledge.(好奇心是我们理解世界的内在渴望，也是日常生活中学习的关键动力。好奇心驱使我们发现新知识并寻求新知识的答案)”可知，这一段主要围绕“好奇心”展开，强调好奇心在探索和学习中的重要性，A 项“Keep questioning.(保持提问)”表达出了“保持提问”是好奇心的一种表现形式，能够概括本段内容，符合语境，故选A项。 3．根据上文“Novelty, or surprise, is anything that is registered as new and different to our brain. They are tuned into novel stimuli (刺激). We attend to stimuli that are different.(新奇或惊喜，是指任何对我们大脑来说是新的和不同的事物。它们会对新奇的刺激产生反应。我们会关注不同的刺激)”以及下文“A novel event can be almost anything — seeing a painting for the first time, or having an unpleasant experience(一个新奇的事件几乎可以是任何事情——第一次看到一幅画，或者有一次不愉快的经历)”可知，我们会关注新奇的刺激，一个新奇的事件几乎可以是任何事情，可推理出此处应是在进一步阐述新奇事物与吸引我们注意力之间的关系，E项“Something fresh disobeys one’s expectations and captures our attention.(新鲜的事物会违背人的预期并吸引我们的注意力)”进一步解释了新奇事物能吸引我们注意力的原因，符合语境，故选E项。 4．根据上文“Biophilic (热爱生命的) design helps to connect with the outdoors. For example, bringing in houseplants, choosing floral prints, and using colors from nature can have a calming effect.(亲生物设计有助于与户外建立联系。例如，引入室内植物、选择花卉图案以及使用自然的颜色可以起到镇静作用)”以及下文“Such as ceiling height, light from a window, and the volume of a room.(比如天花板的高度、窗户透进来的光线以及房间的空间大小)”可知，亲生物设计有助于与户外建立联系，下文提到了天花板的高度、窗户透进来的光线以及房间的空间大小，可推理出空白处是在说一些环境因素对人的影响，C项“Certain architectural elements can enhance creativity.(某些建筑元素可以增强创造力)”引出了建筑元素对创造力的影响，承上启下，符合语境，故选C项。 5．根据下文“These reactions are original and unique. Creativity is a willingness to leave what is known and be receptive to new ideas. Creative thinking allows us to connect information in new and meaningful ways.(这些反应是新颖且独特的。创造力是一种愿意离开已知事物并接受新想法的意愿。创造性思维使我们能够以新的、有意义的方式连接信息)”可知，下文提到了这些反应，可推理出空白处提到了需要创造性回应的问题，且空白处应是在引出需要创造性思维的情况，G项“We each face problems in our daily lives that require creative responses.(我们每个人在日常生活中都会面临需要创造性回应的问题)”符合语境，且与标题“Find your inner creativity(发现你内在的创造力)”相契合。故选G项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·安徽阜阳·期中） Customs on Either Side of the Atlantic We all know that Britain and the US are two countries connected by a common language. But in fact, 16 , as BBC did in a recent story called 8 Situations When Britons Behave Differently From Americans. Below Teens has picked out four for you. Take a look. When someone knocks into you. If someone bumps into an American, the victim (受害人) will most likely look at the person and expect an apology. If however, 17 . Chances are that the victim will say “sorry” before the other can make his or her own apology. 18 . Britons don’t all change into evening dress for supper like what you may have seen in popular TV shows like Downton Abbey. But they do tend to make an effort when going out for dinner somewhere nice. Americans, however, will probably wear a casual shirt. When you don’t finish your food. When dining out at a restaurant, 19 . They think the food is somehow “tainted” once they’ve touched it with a knife and fork. In the US, wrapping it up to take home is a standard practice. When you get into a taxi. Britons will give the cab driver an address, then think that’s it for the interaction until it’s time to pay. Even if they’re being taken in a roundabout (迂回的；绕远的) way, 1 . In the US, however, most passengers think nothing of telling the driver what route to take after telling him or her the destination. A．the victim happens to be British B．When you get dressed for dinner C．When you go out with your friends D．they’re very unlikely to say anything E．the differences are more fun to observe F．they will point it out immediately and politely G．Britons wouldn’t think to take the leftovers home 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大西洋两岸（英国和美国）在一些日常情境中的不同习俗，具体包括被人撞到、外出就餐穿着、吃不完食物以及乘坐出租车时的不同表现。 1．根据上文“We all know that Britain and the US are two countries connected by a common language. But in fact (我们都知道英国和美国是由同一种语言联系起来的两个国家。但事实上)”以及下文“as BBC did in a recent story called 8 Situations When Britons Behave Differently From Americans.(就像英国广播公司在最近一个名为《英国人与美国人行为不同的8种情况》的报道中所做的那样)”可知，此处应该引出英美之间存在不同习俗这一话题，E选项“这些差异观察起来更有趣”符合语境，能起到承上启下的作用。故选E。 2．根据上文“If someone bumps into an American, the victim (受害人) will most likely look at the person and expect an apology.(如果有人撞到了一个美国人，受害者很可能会看着那个人并期待一个道歉)”以及下文“Chances are that the victim will say “sorry” before the other can make his or her own apology. (很有可能受害者会在对方道歉之前先说 “对不起”)”可知，此处是说当被撞的人是英国人时的情况，A选项“受害者碰巧是英国人”符合语境，与上文形成对比。故选A。 3．根据下文“Britons don’t all change into evening dress for supper like what you may have seen in popular TV shows like Downton Abbey. But they do tend to make an effort when going out for dinner somewhere nice. Americans, however, will probably wear a casual shirt.(英国人并不都像你在《唐顿庄园》这样的流行电视节目中看到的那样，为了吃晚餐而换上晚礼服。但当他们去一个不错的地方吃晚餐时，他们确实会努力打扮一番。然而，美国人可能会穿一件休闲衬衫)”可知，此段主要讲的是英美两国人在外出就餐时的穿着情况，B选项“当你为晚餐穿衣服时”符合此段主旨，可作为小标题。故选B。 4．根据下文“They think the food is somehow “tainted” once they’ve touched it with a knife and fork. In the US, wrapping it up to take home is a standard practice.(他们认为一旦他们用刀叉碰过食物，食物就不知怎么地“被污染”了。在美国，把食物打包带回家是一种常见的做法)”可知，此处说的是英国人对于吃不完食物的做法。G选项“英国人不会想到把剩菜带回家”符合语境，与下文形成对比。故选G。 5．根据上文“Britons will give the cab driver an address, then think that’s it for the interaction until it’s time to pay. Even if they’re being taken in a roundabout (迂回的；绕远的) way (英国人会给出租车司机一个地址，然后认为在该付钱之前就只有这些交流了。即使他们被绕远路了)”以及下文“In the US, however, most passengers think nothing of telling the driver what route to take after telling him or her the destination.(然而，在美国，大多数乘客在告诉司机目的地后，会毫不犹豫地告诉司机该走哪条路线)”可知，此处说的是英国人即使被绕远路也不会说什么，D选项“他们很不太可能说什么”符合语境，与下文形成对比。故选D。 Passage 5 （23-24高一下·蚌埠二中·期中） Some multi-story (多层) buildings are designed with a “soft” level that offers significantly less support than the levels above or below it. These buildings are called soft-story buildings. These floors cannot deal with the destructive forces caused by an earthquake. 1 This will cause what is known as the “soft-story collapse (倒塌)”. Soft-story buildings are characterized by having a story that has a lot of open space. 2 Hotels and office buildings can also have soft stories. Large retail space (零售空间) or floors with a lot of windows are common in such buildings. If a building has a floor that is 70% less firm than the floor above it, it is considered a soft-story building. This soft story creates a major weak point in an earthquake. Soft stories are classically associated with retail space and parking garages. 3 When they collapse, they can make the whole building fall with them, sometimes making the structure unusable. 4 When builders apply for a permit to build a new structure, engineers may analyze the plans to ensure that no soft stories are built in. If the building department decides that the building will be structurally unsound in a quake, recommendations for improving the design may be included in the rejection (拒绝) letter. Older buildings are of great concern to building departments and emergency services in areas where earthquakes are common. 5 Such projects may be relatively inexpensive, especially when compared with the cost of replacing a soft-story building after it collapses. A．As a result, the soft story may fall. B．A building with a soft story is similar. C．A collapsing building is very dangerous. D．So they are often on the lower stories of a building. E．Parking garages, for example, are often soft stories. F．These buildings are often in need of improvement to make them safer. G．Many areas in an earthquake zone have exact building rules about soft-story buildings. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了软层建筑的概念及其在地震中的脆弱性。软层建筑是指那些在某一层或多层楼板结构强度远低于其他楼层的多层建筑。这种建筑在地震中容易发生软层倒塌，造成严重的后果。文章提到了软层建筑的特点，常见于零售空间和停车场等有大量开放空间的楼层，并讨论了软层建筑在地震区的建筑规范和改善措施。 1．根据上文“These floors cannot deal with the destructive forces caused by an earthquake(这些楼层无法应对地震造成的破坏力)”可知，接下来会说明这种情况导致的结果，A选项“As a result, the soft story may fall.(结果，软楼层可能会倒塌)”符合语境，故选A项。 2．上文“Soft-story buildings are characterized by having a story that has a lot of open space.(软楼层建筑的特点是有一层有很多开放空间)”提到软楼层建筑的特点是有一层有很多开放空间，结合下文“Hotels and office buildings can also have soft stories.(酒店和办公楼也可能有软楼层)”可知，空处和下文并列，都举例说明设置软楼层的场所，E选项“Parking garages, for example, are often soft stories.(例如，停车场通常是软楼层)”符合语境，故选E项。 3．根据上文“Soft stories are classically associated with retail space and parking garages.(软楼层通常与零售空间和停车场有关)”和下文“When they collapse, they can make the whole building fall with them, sometimes making the structure unusable.(当它们倒塌时，它们可以使整个建筑物随之倒塌，有时使结构无法使用)”可知，软楼层通常与零售空间和停车场有关，倒塌时会导致整个大楼随之倒塌，说明软楼层位于较低的楼层，D选项“So they are often on the lower stories of a building.(所以它们通常在建筑物的较低楼层)”，符合逻辑，故选D项。 4．根据下文“When builders apply for a permit to build a new structure, engineers may analyze the plans to ensure that no soft stories are built in(当建筑商申请建造新建筑的许可证时，工程师可能会分析计划，以确保没有建造软楼层)”可知，此处引出了关于软楼层建筑的规则，G选项“Many areas in an earthquake zone have exact building rules about soft-story buildings.(地震区的许多地区都有关于软楼层建筑的确切建筑规则。)”符合语境，故选G项。 5．根据上文“Older buildings are of great concern to building departments and emergency services in areas where earthquakes are common(在地震频繁的地区，老建筑是建筑部门和应急服务部门非常关注的问题)”可知此处提到了老建筑需要改进的情况，F选项“These buildings are often in need of improvement to make them safer.(这些建筑往往需要改进以使其更安全)”，符合语境，故选F项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期中） Challenges are a common part of our life, and everyone is bound to meet them. 1 However, we can use these challenges to make positive changes in our life. For instance: Develop your enthusiasm. 2 When you are setting your goals, you always want to be passionate about those goals, because if you love what you do, you will be driven by the desire to achieve success. 28 . When you doubt yourself, you are actually preventing your own progress. Therefore, it’s essential to view yourself as a winner and trust yourself. Feeding your mind with positives will reinforce your beliefs and sweep any doubts out of your system. Track your progress. It is crucial for you to keep track of every improvement you make. 3 Everystep forward will give you a boost, and push you to make more efforts to the achievement of your ultimate goal. Learn how to control your emotions. When you come across problems in life, it is important to employ your emotional intelligence. You are a product of your thoughts and feelings. Any bad emotions that show up can deny the positive forward movement you enjoyed earlier. So approach any challenge with a positive attitude. 4 Instead, strongly believe that you have all the tools you need in order to make positive changes in your life. It is in your hands to make the changes necessary and to take your life to new heights. A．Practice makes perfect. B．Consider confidence as a must for success. C．This will inspire you to work even harder. D．They can make us lose hope and even give up. E．Don’t feel negative when you meet with difficulties. F．There is nothing to be gained from delaying decisions and thoughts. G．Being passionate about something can motivate you to reach your goals. 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．B 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何积极应对生活中的挑战。 1．空前“Challenges are a common part of our life, and everyone is bound to meet them.(挑战是我们生活中常见的一部分，每个人都注定要遇到它们。)”说明挑战很普遍，空后“However, we can use these challenges to make positive changes in our life.(然而，我们可以利用这些挑战在我们的生活中做出积极的改变。)”说明了我们可以积极地利用挑战，且However表转折，因此空格处应该说挑战会带来什么不好的结果，D选项“They can make us lose hope and even give up.(它们可以让我们失去希望，甚至放弃。)”说明的是挑战会带来的不好的影响，承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 2．本段主旨句是“Develop your enthusiasm.(培养你的热情。)”，空格处内容应该也和热情有关，G选项“Being passionate about something can motivate you to reach your goals.(对某事充满激情可以激励你实现目标。)”中的passionate和enthusiasm相呼应，承接上文的“热情”，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 3．空格处是本段主旨句，由空后“When you doubt yourself, you are actually preventing your own progress. Therefore, it’s essential to view yourself as a winner and trust yourself.(当你怀疑自己时，你实际上是在阻碍自己的进步。因此，把自己看作一个赢家并相信自己是很重要的。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要相信自己，B选项“Consider confidence as a must for success.(认为自信是成功的必要条件。)”说明要自信，概括了本段内容，可作为本段主旨句，故选B。 4．空前“Track your progress. It is crucial for you to keep track of every improvement you make.(记录你的进步。对你来说，记录你所做的每一个改进是至关重要的。)”说明记录自己的进步是很重要的，空格处应该说为什么重要，C选项“This will inspire you to work even harder.(这会激励你更加努力地工作。)”说明了记录进步会激励你更加努力地工作，解释了前面说的重要的原因，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 5．空前“So approach any challenge with a positive attitude.(所以以积极的态度面对任何挑战。)”说明要积极地面对挑战，E选项“Don’t feel negative when you meet with difficulties.(遇到困难时不要消极。)”说明了不要消极，和前面的“要积极”一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·安徽联考·期中） Money habits are the small daily decisions we make that influence how we spend and save our money. It might be challenging to change these habits, but with the following tips, we can make improvements to achieve our financial objectives. Taking a careful look at your existing spending habits is the first step. 1 It can make you realize the potential issues on your spending habits and identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns. 2 Having a specific objective in mind will help you keep motivated and focused, whether it’s saving for a down payment (首付) on a home or creating an emergency fund. Setting and sticking to a budget (预算) is also crucial. A budget ensures that your spending is focused on your urgencies and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your objectives. 3 Impulsive purchasing (冲动消费) is a bad habit to break. Kick the habit of impulse shopping because it can significantly reduce your bank account. Make a list of the items you require before going shopping and stick to it. 4 Finally, pay attention to your financial habits and adjust them as needed. 5 Keep in mind that adjusting your spending patterns is. a process, and its effects might not be seen right away. But in the long run, you can make positive changes and strengthen your overall financial health. A．For many of us, spending comes naturally. B．Next, set up clear financial objectives for yourself. C．If you are on a budget, you do not have much money to spend. D．Track your spending and goals, and be prepared to adjust as required. E．This involves recording all your spending for a month and then analyzing the data. F．Make sure to include a category for savings in your budget and use it consistently. G．Additionally, wait a day or two before buying something so that you can decide if you still want it. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．F 4．G 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些养成良好经济习惯的建议。 1．根据本空前句“Taking a careful look at your existing spending habits is the first step. (仔细查看你目前的消费习惯是第一步。)”和后句“It can make you realize the potential issues on your spending habits and identify areas where you can adjust your spending patterns. (它可以让你意识到你目前消费习惯存在的问题及了解到在哪些地方你可以改变你的消费模式。)”可知，本句是一个承上启下的衔接句，主要解释查看消费习惯的具体方式。E项“这包括记录下你一个月的所有消费并进行数据分析。”承接上文，且引领下文，符合语境。故选E。 2．根据下文“Having a specific objective in mind will help you keep motivated and focused, whether it’s saving for a down payment on a home or creating an emergency fund. (脑海中有一个具体的消费目标可以让你有动力，全神贯注，不管你是攒钱付首付还是筹集资金以备不时之需。)”可知，本段主要是告诉我们要有一个具体的消费目标。所以B项“其次，为自己设定明确的财务目标。”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据上文“Setting and sticking to a budget (预算) is also crucial. A budget ensures that your spending is focused on your urgencies and that you set aside enough cash to achieve your objectives. (制定并坚持预算也是至关重要的。预算可以确保你的支出集中在紧急情况上，并留出足够的现金来实现你的目标。)”可知，本段主要是说建立并维持一个基本的预算很重要。故F项“确保在你的预算里加上存钱这一项并持续使用它。”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据上文Make a list of the items you require before going shopping and stick to it. (在购物前列个清单并严格遵守。)”可知，本段主要是告诉我们要改掉冲动消费的坏习惯。故G项“另外，在购买某种物品之前等个一两天来看看你是否是真的需要它。”符合语境。故选G。 5．根据上文“Finally, pay attention to your financial habits and adjust them as needed. (最后，注意你的理财习惯，并根据需要进行调整。)”可知，本段主要告诉我们要关注自己的金融习惯并作适时的调整。所以D项“记录下你的消费习惯和目标，随时准备按需调整。”符合语境。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥八中·期中） Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with hormones, higher expectations, and the process of finding your place in the world. But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teen years. 1 Setting Realistic Expectations Avoid media-based expectations, good or bad. 1 Although adolescence is a time of great change, this does not necessarily mean it will be the most difficult time of your life. If you are worried that this new life stage will be full of ever-present drama, the truth is that this is just another stage of your life which you will get through as much as you did in childhood long ago. Developing Yourself Develop your sense of self, focusing more on your own thoughts and goals, instead of what other people think. For lots of people, the teenage years are full of worries — stop paying so much attention to them! 1 Go ahead and do what you want to do, without considering the opinion of others. Developing Relationships Work to improve your social skills. Some teens have trouble with social interaction, with the reasons behind it varying. Since social interaction is necessary in order to succeed, it’s important to learn how to deal with shyness and social anxiety. 1 It may not replace new social exchanges, but it’s a good practice. 2 That’s just a fact of life. However, if you don’t enjoy your teens, concentrate on being kind to others and getting through it. A．Others expect too much from us. B．Remember, not everyone enjoys their teens. C．All of us are able to experience an enjoyable adolescence. D．Here are some things you can do to enjoy your teenage years. E．Many worries are based on what other people think, rather than what you think. F．Being a teenager is not necessarily any easier or more difficult than any other life stage. G．Consider working with a friend or a family member of close age to develop your social skills. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何通过设定现实期望、发展自我和社交技能来享受青少年时期。 1．上文“Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with hormones, higher expectations, and the process of finding your place in the world. But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teen years.(作为青少年可能会很困难，因为你需要应对荷尔蒙变化、更高的期望以及找到自己在世界中的位置。但这并不意味着你不能享受青少年时期)”说明了青少年时期的困难，但也可以享受，空处需要引出下文关于如何享受青少年时期的建议，D选项“这里有一些你可以做的事情来享受你的青少年时期。”正好承接上文，引出下文的具体建议，符合语境。故选D。 2．上文“Avoid media-based expectations, good or bad.(避免基于媒体的期望，无论是好的还是坏的)”及下文“Although adolescence is a time of great change, this does not necessarily mean it will be the most difficult time of your life.(尽管青春期是一个巨大的变化时期，但这并不一定意味着它会是你生活中最困难的时期)”说明了要避免基于媒体的期望，不要受媒体影响而对青少年时期有过高或过低的期望，青春期并不是生活中最困难的事情，空处承上启下，需要解释为什么青少年时期并不一定是媒体所描述的那样，并引出下文内容，F选项“青少年时期并不一定比其他任何人生阶段更容易或更难。”与上文相呼应，解释青少年时期的实际情况，并引出下文对于青少年时期的详细解读，符合语境。故选F。 3．上文“Develop your sense of self, focusing more on your own thoughts and goals, instead of what other people think. For lots of people, the teenage years are full of worries — stop paying so much attention to them!(培养你的自我意识，更多地关注自己的想法和目标，而不是别人的想法。对于很多人来说，青少年时期充满了忧虑——别那么关注他们了！)”说明了要关注自己的想法和目标，而不是别人的看法，并指出青少年时期充满了担忧。空处需要解释为什么不必过于关注别人的看法，E选项“很多忧虑都是基于别人的看法，而不是你自己的看法。”进一步解释了为什么不要过于关注别人的看法，因为很多忧虑都是来源于此，符合语境。故选E。 4．上文“Since social interaction is necessary in order to succeed, it’s important to learn how to deal with shyness and social anxiety.(由于社交互动是成功的必要条件，因此学会如何应对害羞和社交焦虑是很重要的)”说明了社交技能的重要性，空处需要给出具体的建议来提高社交技能，G选项“考虑与同龄的朋友或家人一起合作来发展你的社交技能。”承接上文，提供了一个具体的建议，符合语境。故选G。 5．下文“That’s just a fact of life. However, if you don’t enjoy your teens, concentrate on being kind to others and getting through it.(这只是生活的一个事实。然而，如果你不喜欢你的青少年时期，那就专注于对他人友善并度过它)”说明了一个事实，即有些人可能不喜欢青少年时期，然后给出了建议，空处需要引出下文关于不是每个人都喜欢青少年时期的观点，B选项“记住，并不是每个人都喜欢他们的青少年时期。”为下文的论述做了铺垫，引出下文内容，符合语境。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·淮南二中·期中） The fear of learning is a common problem that many students face on their educational journey. Whether it’s the fear of failure or simply a lack of confidence, this fear can hold you back from reaching your full potential. 1 Here are the steps to overcome the fear of learning in education. Before you can conquer your fear, it’s essential to understand the cause of the fear. 2 Is it a fear of failure, perfectionism or feeling overwhelmed by the subject matter? By finding out the root cause, you can better address and overcome it. 3 Shift your perspective from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset. Understand that intelligence and abilities are not fixed but can be developed through effort. Adopting a growth mindset allows you to approach learning with optimism. Curiosity is the fuel that drives learning. Maintain a sense of wonder and curiosity about the world around you. 4 When you approach learning with curiosity, it becomes less about fear and more about discovery and growth. Ultimately, the best way to overcome the fear of learning is to take action. Use an effective approach to learning by tackling challenges head-on. 5 And each mistake is an opportunity to learn and grow. By taking consistent action, you’ll increase motivation and build confidence. A．But with some efforts, you can overcome the fear. B．Every small step you take brings you closer to your goals. C．The fear of learning is a natural part of the educational journey. D．Break down your learning goals into smaller, manageable ones. E．Ask questions, seek out new experiences and explore diverse perspectives. F．Take some time to reflect on what specifically leads to your fear of learning. G．To overcome the fear of learning, it’s crucial to change your thinking pattern. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．E 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了克服学习恐惧的方法和步骤。 1．上文“The fear of learning is a common problem that many students face on their educational journey. Whether it’s the fear of failure or simply lacking confidence, this fear can hold you back from reaching your full potential.(学习恐惧是许多学生在学习过程中面临的一个普遍问题。无论是害怕失败还是缺乏自信，这种恐惧都会阻碍你充分发挥潜力)”说明学习恐惧会阻碍充分发挥潜力，选项A“但是通过一些努力，你可以克服恐惧”与上文形成转折关系，说明通过努力可以克服恐惧，引出下文“Here are the steps to overcome the fear of learning in education.(以下是在教育中克服学习恐惧的步骤)”介绍克服学习恐惧的步骤。故选A项。 2．上文“Before you can conquer your fear, it’s essential to understand the cause of the fear. (在你克服恐惧之前，了解恐惧的原因是很重要的)”以及下文“Is it a fear of failure, perfectionism or feeling overwhelmed by the subject matter?(是害怕失败、追求完美，还是被课题压垮？)”说明此处探讨恐惧的原因，是什么导致害怕学习，选项F“花点时间思考到底是什么导致你害怕学习”符合题意。故选F项。 3．下文“Shift your perspective from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset.(将你的观点从固定的心态转变为成长的心态)”说明要克服对学习的恐惧，关键是要改变思想观念，选项G“要克服对学习的恐惧，关键是要改变你的思维模式”符合题意。故选G项。 4．上文“Curiosity is the fuel that drives learning. Maintain a sense of wonder and curiosity about the world around you.(好奇心是学习的动力。对你周围的世界保持一种惊奇和好奇)”说明要保持好奇心，选项E“提出问题，寻求新的体验，探索不同的观点”承接上文，说明保持好奇心的具体行动，符合题意。故选E项。 5．上文“Ultimately, the best way to overcome the fear of learning is to take action. Use an effective approach to learning by tackling challenges head-on.(最终，克服学习恐惧的最好方法是采取行动。正面应对挑战，使用有效的学习方法)”说明克服学习恐惧要采取行动，选项B“你迈出的每一小步都让你更接近你的目标”承接上文，说明行动的每一小步都能更加靠近目标，符合题意。故选B项。 主题03 人与动植物 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽培优联盟·期中） If you are a bike rider, you may remember your first long ride. On a bike, you could travel so much faster and farther than you ever could on foot. Off you went to your friend’s house, to school, or to the park. What freedom! 1 Who was the first to throw a leg over the bare back of a horse? Scientists aren’t sure. But they do know that horses once ran wild through the open grasslands of Europe, Asia, and the Americas. 1 Long before humans learned to farm, they were hunters. For food, they searched for fruits and nuts, and stalked bison, mammoths and horses. Then, about 10,000 years ago, horses disappeared from the Americas. The herds of Europe and Asia also shrank. The exact reason isn’t known, but it was probably the result of climate changes and over-hunting. The only place where horses thrived was the grassy plain of Central Asia and Mongolia. There, for the first time, horses began to make friends with humans. 2 The once wild horse was domesticated-herded and cared for by people. Later people would take horses to all the corners of the world. Of the millions of species on Earth, only a few have been successfully domesticated or tamed to live with humans. Sheep, goats and cattle were domesticated for their meat, milk, and hides. Were horses first herded for similar reasons? Some archaeologists studying ancient sites in Central Asia have found evidence that horses were kept for food 6,000 years ago. Keeping horses helped people live through the harsh winters. Sheep and goats need to be fed in winter, but horses can feed themselves. 1 Horses can also eat tough plants that other animals can’t. Horses could be used for meat and also milked. Archaeologists have found traces of mare’s milk on broken pieces of many ancient pots. If people milked horses, it’s likely the horses were tame. After all, who would try to milk a wild horse? Ancient hunters probably learned about horse behavior by watching wild herds. 1 Once horses were tame enough to milk, people likely started riding them too. A．Prehistoric people first viewed horses as a source of food. B．Humans have bred modern horses into many varieties. C．They can dig through snow to find grass. D．Later, this helped them domesticate horses. E．This helped both horses and humans survive. F．The first humans to ride horses probably felt the same way. G．The horses as we know has evolved over millions of years. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了马的驯化历史，包括人类与马的关系演变及马的用途等。 1．根据上文“On a bike, you could travel so much faster and farther than you ever could on foot. Off you went to your friend’s house, to school, or to the park. What freedom! (骑自行车时，你可以比步行更快更远地旅行。你可以骑车去朋友家、学校或公园。多么自由啊！)”可知，此处描述骑自行车带来的自由感，下文通过提问“Who was the first to throw a leg over the bare back of a horse? (谁是第一个跨坐在马背上的人？)”转向人类骑马的话题，F选项“The first humans to ride horses probably felt the same way. (第一批骑马的人类可能也有同样的感受)”中的“felt the same way”承接上文“freedom”，将骑自行车的自由感与骑马的体验相类比，自然引出下文对马的驯化探讨。故选F项。 2．根据下文“Long before humans learned to farm, they were hunters. For food, they searched for fruits and nuts, and stalked bison, mammoths and horses. (在人类学会耕种之前很久，他们是猎人。为了食物，他们寻找水果和坚果，并追踪野牛、猛犸象和马)”可知，此段强调人类早期将马视为食物来源。A选项“Prehistoric people first viewed horses as a source of food. (史前人类最初将马视为食物来源)”直接点明段落核心，与下文“for food”形成原词复现，逻辑一致。故选A项。 3．根据上文“The only place where horses thrived was the grassy plain of Central Asia and Mongolia. There, for the first time, horses began to make friends with humans. (马唯一繁盛的地方是中亚和蒙古的草原。在那里，马第一次开始与人类建立联系)”及下文“The once wild horse was domesticated-herded and cared for by people. (曾经的野马被驯化——由人类放牧和照料)”可知，此处描述人类与马的关系从共存到驯化的转变。E选项“This helped both horses and humans survive. (这帮助马和人类都得以生存)”中的“This”指代上文“horses began to make friends with humans”，说明这种关系对双方生存的益处，衔接前后文“繁盛”与“驯化”的因果关系。故选E项。 4．根据上文“Sheep and goats need to be fed in winter, but horses can feed themselves. (绵羊和山羊在冬天需要喂养，但马可以自己觅食)”及下文“Horses can also eat tough plants that other animals can’t. (马还可以吃其他动物不能吃的坚硬植物。)”可知，此段对比马与其他动物的生存优势。C选项“They can dig through snow to find grass. (它们可以挖开雪找到草)”通过具体行为(挖雪找草)进一步说明马“self-feed”的能力，与“also”形成并列结构，补充马适应环境的特点。故选C项。 5．根据上文“Ancient hunters probably learned about horse behavior by watching wild herds. (古代猎人可能通过观察野生马群了解马的行为)”及下文“Once horses were tame enough to milk, people likely started riding them too. (一旦马温顺到可以挤奶，人们可能也开始骑它们)”可知，此处强调人类观察马的行为对驯化的作用。D选项“Later, this helped them domesticate horses. (后来，这帮助他们驯化了马)”中的“This”指代上文“learned about horse behavior”，说明观察行为是驯化的前提，衔接“观察—驯化—骑乘”的逻辑链条。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·安庆二中·期中） Walking might seem simple. “But it’s not,” explains Peggy Cawthon, a professor at Harvard Medical School. “It’s an amazingly complex behavior when we try to understand how to improve our lives as we age.” 1 ? Here are a few ideas. Don’t stop exercising Cawthon agrees that the worst thing a person can do is to stop exercising. “You’ll feel the effects almost immediately,” says Cawthon. Sitting for hours leaves her uncomfortable, and it’s the days when she types that her arthritis (关节炎) doesn’t cause much pain. 1 . Train yourself to walk with skill To truly improve your walking, you need to think like an athlete. Imagine you want to play tennis, but you have a bad backhand. Playing lots of tennis won’t fix the problem, Cawthon says. 1 . It’s the same thing with walking. Give your brain a boost (激励) 1 . So don’t forget that when working out your fitness plan. Cawthon has been studying an area of the brain related to motivation (动机) and executive function. Subjects with a boost walk more steps on average than the control group, and they have been maintaining that even several months later. 2 So when should we face the music about our mobility? There is no final answer for when walking problems begin to come up. “You should be as active as you can at any age,” Cawthon says, noting that people who are healthy in their 20s and 30s are best equipped to deal with future age-related challenges. “The best time to start is now. Next best is tomorrow,” she says. A．Start planning now B．Be in pretty good shape C．You need to improve your skill D．So what steps should we take to do it right E．How can you sweat your way to good health F．It is a helpful reminder that our bodies need action G．Basically, the body part controlling everything is your brain 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．C 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院教授Peggy Cawthon给我们指出了四点有关走路锻炼的建议。 1．根据问号可知，这里是一个问句。根据前文“It’s an amazingly complex behavior when we try to understand how to improve our lives as we age.(当我们试图了解如何随着年龄的增长而改善我们的生活时，这是一种令人惊讶的复杂行为。)”和后文“Here are a few ideas.(以下是一些想法。)”可知，空处应是询问应该如何做，D项“那么，我们应该采取什么措施才能做到这一点呢”符合题意。故选D。 2．根据本段的小标题“Don’t stop exercising(不要停止锻炼)”和前文“Sitting for hours leaves her uncomfortable, and it’s the days when she types that her arthritis(关节炎) doesn’t cause much pain.(坐上几个小时会让她感到不舒服，而且正是在她打字的日子里，她的关节炎不会引起太多疼痛。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是不要停止锻炼，并指出久坐不动会不舒服，而用打字来活动手指可以让关节炎有所减轻；由此可知，空处承接前文，应是说这提醒了我们需要运动，F项“这是一个有益的提醒：我们的身体需要动起来”符合题意。故选F。 3．根据本段小标题“Train yourself to walk with skill(用技能训练自己走路)”可知，关键词是“skill”。前文“Imagine you want to play tennis, but you have a bad backhand. Playing lots of tennis won’t fix the problem, Cawthon says.(想象一下，你想打网球，但你的反手打得不好。Cawthon说，打很多网球并不能解决问题。)”讲述了打网球时不能靠多打网球来解决自己的反手问题，所以空处应是说要提高技能，C项“你需要提高你的技能”符合题意。故选C。 4．根据本段小标题“Give your brain a boost(激励)(给大脑激励)”可知，关键词是“brain”和“boost”。再结合下文中的“Cawthon has been studying an area of the brain related to motivation(动机) and executive function.(Cawthon一直在研究大脑中与动机和执行功能相关的一个区域。)”可知，大脑控制一切，G项“基本上，控制一切的身体部分是你的大脑”符合题意。故选G。 5．空处是本段小标题，根据上文小标题的形式可知，这里应用祈使句。根据下文中的“The best time to start is now. Next best is tomorrow(最好的开始时间是现在。其次是明天)”可知，本段建议要从现在开始，A项“立即开始计划”符合题意。故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·合肥一中·期中） The online mapping is a way to use maps available online to provide a number of functions that traditional maps have provided for years. 1 Meanwhile, there are other types of maps available as well, such as nautical maps (航海地图). One advantage of online mapping is the ability to custom-make a map for an individual based on particular needs. 2 Thus, the map is much more than a graph of roads; it is a custom-made printing specifically based on a desired route. In addition, the online mapping also usually includes text directions that can help provide yet another affirmation (确认) of the route. These text directions are often displayed in conjunction with any map that is shown and is printable. 3 Traditional maps may only be updated once a year just before they are published. 4 It can be updated in real time. A map can indeed be updated on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis, but it does not necessarily mean that it will be. Even the most thorough mapping services may not be able to keep up with all the construction projects and changes on any given day. 5 . Some maps may only show the route the driver should take, without other streets being listed. Also, there is no way for an online mapping service to inform travelers if they do wander off the route prescribed. A．It depends on how often they are updated. B．However, the online mapping has no such limitations. C．There are some disadvantages of using online mapping. D．The most common application is probably the road mapping. E．Some of them fail to provide accurate maps and directions. F．This can help a traveler remove all unnecessary information. G．So it’s convenient for those who need to take their maps with them. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线地图的优势，包括能够根据个人需求定制地图、提供文字导航等功能，并指出在线地图能够实时更新以反映最新的路况和建筑项目变化。然而，作者也提到在线地图的一些限制，比如只显示推荐的路线而不包括其他街道。 1．根据下文“Meanwhile, there are other types of maps available as well, such as nautical maps (航海地图).(同时，也有其他类型的地图可供选择，比如航海地图)”中there are other types of maps可知，下文补充了有其它类型的地图，说明上文会提到一些地图类型，D项“The most common application is probably the road mapping.(最常见的应用程序可能是道路绘图)”中提到道路地图，符合语境。故选D项。 2．上文“One advantage of the online mapping is the ability to custom-make a map for an individual based on particular needs.(在线地图的一个优点是能够根据个人的特殊需要定制地图)”提出在线地图可以根据个人的需要定制，F项“This can help a traveler remove all unnecessary information.(这可以帮助旅行者删除所有不必要的信息)”承接上文，说明定制地图可以帮助旅行者删除不必要的信息，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 3．上文“These text directions are often displayed in conjunction with any map that is shown and is printable. (这些文字指示通常与任何可打印的地图一起显示)”提出地图可以打印，G项“So it’s convenient for those who need to take their maps with them.(因此，对于那些需要随身携带地图的人来说，这很方便)”承接上文，说明这样带来的便利，与上文构成因果关系，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 4．上文“Traditional maps may only be updated once a year just before they are published.(传统的地图可能每年只在出版之前更新一次)”指出传统地图的劣势，B项“However, the online mapping has no such limitations.(然而，在线地图没有这样的限制)”与上文构成转折关系，说明在线地图没有这样的问题。同时，下文“It can be updated in real time.(它可以实时更新)”作出进一步说明，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 5．下文“Some maps may only show the route the driver should take, without other streets being listed. Also, there is no way for an online mapping service to inform travelers if they do wander off the route prescribed.(有些地图可能只显示司机应该走的路线，而没有列出其他街道。此外，如果旅行者偏离了规定的路线，在线地图服务也无法通知他们)”列举了在线地图的缺点，是对C项“There are some disadvantages of using the online mapping.(使用在线地图有一些缺点)”的解释说明。故选C项。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·六安一中·期中） Music plays an important role in our lives. 1 If you’ve created music or have found comfort in playing an instrument or listening to your favorite artist, you will be interested in the science behind why music makes us feel so good. Unlike food, music isn’t necessary for our survival. 2 Music floods the brain with a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺), which is associated with pleasure, motivation and reward. Studies have shown that certain pieces of classical music will have the same effect on everyone. 3 Of course, everyone is different and music will make us respond according to our own taste and familiarity. Yet, investigations have shown that some music will give people a universal experience. Neuroscientists conducted research using PET scans to detect the release of dopamine in the brain when subjects listened to their favorite songs. They later used MRI to view the pleasure center of the brain where dopamine is released and then mapped out its connection with other areas of the brain. 4 The pleasure center of the brain predicts what kind of music we will enjoy based on the connection it makes to other parts of our brain. New music fits into patterns already mapped out in the brain by our past musical tastes. It is pleasurable not only because it is familiar, but it is different just enough to feel new and exciting. 1 Broadening musical experience and taste can become a journey of self-discovery, for like any art form, in music we see our humanity. A．Enjoying music is unique to humans. B．They cause the same changes in the brain. C．However, it is extremely rewarding and pleasurable. D．It was these connections that were the most interesting revelation. E．Music, therefore, can be used as a mood enhancer or as a motivator. F．We can recall vivid memories and emotions when listening to music. G．There is a lot of research about music and its relationship to intelligence. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了音乐在我们生活中的重要作用，探究了为什么音乐会让我们感觉如此良好，并介绍了音乐如何影响我们的大脑和情绪。 1．根据前文“Music plays an important role in our lives.(音乐在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色)”可知，此句为段首句，所以空处应是进一步说明音乐的重要，所以F项“We can recall vivid memories and emotions when listening to music.(听音乐时，我们可以唤起生动的记忆和情感)”符合文意，是对前文的进一步解释。故选F项。 2．根据前文“Unlike food, music isn’t necessary for our survival.(与食物不同，音乐不是我们生存所必需的)”以及后文“Of course, everyone is different and music will make us respond according to our own taste and familiarity. Yet, investigations have shown that some music will give people a universal experience.(音乐使大脑充满了一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质，它与快乐、动机和奖励有关)”可知，前文讲述音乐不是必需品，后文讲述音乐能带来快乐，前后为转折关系，所以C项“However, it is extremely rewarding and pleasurable.(然而，它是非常有益和愉快的)”符合文意，和上文构成转折，引出下文。故选C项。 3．根据前文“Studies have shown that certain pieces of classical music will have the same effect on everyone.(研究表明，某些古典音乐对每个人都有同样的影响)”可知，B项“They cause the same changes in the brain.(它们会在大脑中引起相同的变化)”是对前文的详细解释，为什么会有同样的影响。故选B项。 4．分析设空位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“Neuroscientists conducted research using PET scans to detect the release of dopamine in the brain when subjects listened to their favorite songs. They later used MRI to view the pleasure center of the brain where dopamine is released and then mapped out its connection with other areas of the brain.(神经科学家利用PET扫描来检测受试者在听自己喜欢的歌曲时大脑中多巴胺的释放情况。随后，他们用核磁共振成像观察了释放多巴胺的大脑愉悦中枢，然后绘制出它与大脑其他区域的联系)”可知，D项“It was these connections that were the most interesting revelation.(这些联系才是最有趣的发现)”是对前文的总结，其中connection为同词复现。故选D项。 5．根据前文“New music fits into patterns already mapped out in the brain by our past musical tastes. It is pleasurable not only because it is familiar, but it is different just enough to feel new and exciting.(新的音乐符合我们过去的音乐品味在大脑中已经形成的模式。它之所以令人愉快，不仅因为它是熟悉的，而且它的不同正好让人感到新鲜和兴奋)”可知，此处在讲述音乐让人愉快的原因，所以E项“Music, therefore, can be used as a mood enhancer or as a motivator.(因此，音乐可以用作情绪增强剂或激励剂)”和前文构成因果关系，因为音乐让人越快，所以可以用作情绪增强剂或激励剂。故选E项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·安徽灵璧·期中） If you have a big test coming up or just want to do well in class, studying is one of the best things you can do to improve your grade. Even though revising things you already learned might seem boring, you’ll feel a lot more comfortable with the material. 1 Study in 1-hour blocks. Keep your study time shorter so you don’t get tired. Set aside (留出) an hour for each of your subjects so you have time to revise them. 1 In this way, you don’t get information mixed up between classes. 2 Step away for a few minutes every hour so you don’t feel overworked. Since studying takes up a lot of energy and brainpower, schedule in 5-10 minutes every hour where you just relax. Avoid working through the breaks. Schedule time to study every day. Try to set aside a regular time to go over notes for class. 1 So, you’re able to focus a little better. If you can, try to plan the same time every day so you can get into a regular routine (惯例). Work somewhere quiet. 1 Avoid studying in a room with other loud people or distractions since it’ll be hard to focus and remember the material. Instead, go into your room and shut the door, or find a quiet spot at the school library where you can sit. A．Plan regular breaks. B．Revise your notes in your own words. C．Only focus on one subject at a time during each block. D．Find a time when you feel the most energetic to study. E．We’ll start by looking at some tips on forming the best study habits! F．Find a place where you won’t have trouble concentrating on the material. G．If you live with others, ask them to be quiet when you plan your study time. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．F 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条有效养成最佳学习习惯的建议：以1小时为单元学习；计划定期休息；每天安排时间学习；找个安静的地方学习。 1．设空句为第一段末尾句，应是一个“承前启后”句。根据前文“If you have a big test coming up or just want to do well in class, studying is one of the best things you can do to improve your grade.(如果你有一个重要的考试，或者只是想在课堂上取得好成绩，学习是你能做的最好的事情之一，以提高你的成绩)”可知，第一段主题是“学习”，因此设空句应提到“学习”；根据后文段落“Study in 1-hour blocks.(以1小时为单元学习)”，“Schedule time to study every day.(每天安排时间学习)”可知，后文段落讲到了学习方面的建议。选项E“We’ll start by looking at some tips on forming the best study habits!(我们将从一些养成最佳学习习惯的建议开始！)”既呼应第一段主题“学习”，也可用“some tips on forming the best study habits(一些养成最佳学习习惯的建议)”承启后文段落内容，符合语境。故选E项。 2．后文“In this way, you don’t get information mixed up between classes.(这样，就不会在课程之间混淆信息)”提出了“不会混淆课程信息”的效果，由此可推知，设空句应是一个如何不会混淆课程信息的学习方式。选项C“Only focus on one subject at a time during each block.(在每个时间段内，一次只关注一个科目)”提出了学习方式：一个时间段内只关注一门科目，这样就不会混淆内容，在逻辑上可与空后内容构成“因果”逻辑，符合语境。故选C项。 3．设空句为该段小标题，应是该段的主旨要义句。根据后文内容“Step away for a few minutes every hour so you don’t feel overworked. Since studying takes up a lot of energy and brainpower, schedule in 5-10 minutes every hour where you just relax. (每小时休息几分钟，这样你就不会觉得工作过度。因为学习需要大量的精力和脑力，所以每小时安排5-10分钟的放松时间)”可知，本段主要强调了学习期间要每小时安排一次休息时间。选项A“Plan regular breaks.(计划有规律的休息时间)”符合该段主旨。故选A项。 4．后文“So, you’re able to focus a little better. (这样你就能更好地集中注意力了)”提到了效果“更好地集中注意力”，且结合语境主题“Schedule time to study every day.(每天安排时间学习)”以及常识可推知，设空句应是讲述了一个集中注意力的时间。选项D“Find a time when you feel the most energetic to study.(找一个你觉得最有精力的时间学习)”提出了找出最有精力时间用来学习，符合语境。故选D项。 5．根据主题句“Work somewhere quiet.(找个安静的地方学习)”可知，该段强调的是要有一个安静的学习环境，设空句作为该段首句应对该建议进行进一步的强调和解释。选项F“Find a place where you won’t have trouble concentrating on the material.(找一个能让你集中注意力在学习材料上的地方)”解释了安静的地方能让人集中注意力学习，符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·安徽宿州·期中） Push Yourselves Beyond the Limits Limits are a wall between you and your success. You will face great difficulties when attempting to break through the limits. They could be fear, lack of confidence, and physical disabilities. If you desire a life of success, you must face them and push yourself beyond the limits. Failing to do so will make your goals and dreams hard to achieve. 1 Inspire yourself. Don’t wait for external (外部的) need to make the first move. Discover your inner eagerness! 2 . Ensure it is something that fills you with passion and drive to get things done. Inspiration can push you forward. Try a little more than you think you can. Pushing past your limits means accepting newer, harder challenges. If you’re not challenging yourself to do bigger and better things regularly, you’re only working within what you already can do. 3 . 4 . It is likely that you need to build your empire step by step. That takes time and regular effort. One good way is to adopt the approach of “No Zero Days”. That is, there is not a day that you don’t work on your big goals, at least a little bit. It can be twenty minutes devoted to doing one small thing, which will get you closer to that big thing you want to complete. Find someone who supports you and encourages you to keep going. 10 . Having someone to support you can fight with any negative thinking that may limit you. It could be a life coach, friend, parent and your teachers. They can help you make the push you need to get out of your comfort zone. A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Here are tips for you to succeed. C．Discover where your passion lies. D．Work on your goals a little each day. E．It could be an inspiring video, articles, TED Talks, or quotes. F．That’s a way to stay where you are and make little or no progress. G．A bit of assistance means much in facing difficulties. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．D 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些能够帮助读者超越自己的极限，并最终取得成功的方法。 1．分析语篇可知，此空应为承上启下句，根据空前的“If you desire a life of success, you must face them and push yourself beyond the limits. Failing to do so will make your goals and dreams hard to achieve.(如果你渴望成功的生活，你必须面对它们，推动自己超越极限。如果做不到这一点，你的目标和梦想就很难实现。)”可知，如果渴望成就，就要面对困难，推动自己超越极限，结合下文中每段的小标题可知，此处应引出下文介绍的推动极限的方法，B选项“Here are tips for you to succeed.(这里有一些帮助你成功的建议。)”讲述的内容承接上文并引出下文，符合题意。故选B项。 2．根据主题句及空前的“Inspire yourself. Don’t wait for external (外部的) need to make the first move. Discover your inner eagerness!(激励自己。不要等到外部需要才迈出第一步。发现你内心的渴望!)”可知，本段讲述的是能够激励自己推动自己，E选项“It could be an inspiring video, articles, TED Talks, or quotes.(它可以是一个鼓舞人心的视频、文章、TED演讲或名言。)”列举了激励自己的方法和途径，与本段内容一致，且与空前内容吻合。故选E项。 3．根据空前的“If you’re not challenging yourself to do bigger and better things regularly, you’re only working within what you already can do.(如果你不经常挑战自己去做更大更好的事情，你就只能在你已经能做的范围内工作。)”可知，不挑战自己就只能做能力范围内的事情，F选项“That’s a way to stay where you are and make little or no progress.(这是一种原地踏步，几乎没有进步的方式。)”讲述的内容是对空前内容的进一步解释，其中that指代的为空前的行为方式，符合语境。故选F项。 4．分析语篇可知，此空为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句可知，此空为祈使句，根据空后的“It is likely that you need to build your empire step by step. That takes time and regular effort.(你可能需要一步一步地建立你的帝国。这需要时间和经常性的努力。)”可知，该段讲述的是一步一步地建立帝国，需要时间和不断努力，D选项“Work on your goals a little each day.(每天为你的目标努力一点。)”为祈使句，且讲述的内容概括了本段主题，符合题意。故选D项。 5．根据本段主题句“Find someone who supports you and encourages you to keep going.(找一个支持你、鼓励你继续前进的人。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是通过一个支持你、鼓励你的人帮助你继续前进，G选项“A bit of assistance means much in facing difficulties.(在面对困难时，一点帮助意味着很多。)”讲述的内容与主题一致，且与空后的“Having someone to support you can fight with any negative thinking that may limit you.(有人支持你可以与任何可能限制你的消极想法作斗争。)”内容吻合，均是讲述的是有人支持对推动前进有很大的帮助。故选G项。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·期中） Sometimes, we meet with situations that cause us to feel angry to the point we may want to erupt like a volcano or curse (咒骂) someone out. 1 Here are some replies online to the question about how to deal with anger. Go for a swim, lift weights, and practice other forms of exercise! Science suggests that hearing, seeing, or swimming causes our brain to produce neurochemicals that increase blood flow to the brain and heart. “ 1 I like to lift weights. It completely takes the edge off. Heavy bag work is good for cardio and reducing anger. Yoga is great for both exercise and meditation,” wrote u/JackFunk. Eat a healthier diet. Proteins such as fish, tofu, and chicken help us produce higher levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, which are chemicals in the brain that play a role in our mood, motivation, and concentration. “I found that some foods messed with my stomach. 1 Over time, I have removed various foods from my diet, and it has really helped,” u/JackFunk also wrote. Write your feelings down. Whether it’s quick sentences or journal entries, writing down how you feel is a great way to release negative emotions. “ 1 Pour your heart out… and if you’re worried that someone else may read it later, you can burn it to release the energy,” wrote u/ChoiceFabulous. 2 “If you have trouble not getting angry when discussing something or trying to work through a problem with someone, always imagine the conversation is being videotaped. If you keep that in the back of your mind, you will always think about what you say, and it could help keep your mind from the anger,” wrote u/therealtidbits. A．For me, nothing is better than exercise. B．Whenever I can’t help getting angry, I read. C．Pretend that when you get angry people are watching. D．Whenever I can’t exercise or burn out the feelings, I write. E．Anyway, there are always better ways to handle when angry. F．They then messed with my head, which brought out the anger. G．Pretend there is a camera before you and be mindful of what you say. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．F 4．D 5．G 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一些网友对于如何应对愤怒给出的一些方法。 1．根据上文“Sometimes, we meet with situations that cause us to feel angry to the point we may want to erupt like a volcano or curse (咒骂) someone out. (有时，我们会遇到一些情况，使我们感到愤怒，以至于我们可能想像火山一样爆发或诅咒某人。)”可知，虽然人们生气愤怒，但是肯定会有好方法来应对，此处应承上启下，与E项“Anyway, there are always better ways to handle when angry. (尽管如此，生气时总有更好的处理方法。)”上下文一致，符合文意，且better ways与下文的some replies相呼应，故选E项。 2．根据下文““I like to lift weights. It completely takes the edge off. Heavy bag work is good for cardio and reducing anger. Yoga is great for both exercise and meditation”, wrote u/JackFunk. (“我喜欢举重。它完全消除了边缘。沉重的袋子工作有利于有氧运动和减少愤怒。瑜伽对锻炼和冥想都很好”，JackFunk写道。)”可知，本段主要介绍运动对缓解愤怒的作用，与A项“For me, nothing is better than exercise. (对我来说，没有什么比锻炼更好的了。)上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。 3．根据上文“I found that some foods messed with my stomach. (我发现有些食物弄乱了我的胃。)”可知，空处将进一步说明，与F项“They then messed with my head, which brought out the anger. (然后他们弄乱了我的头，这引起了愤怒。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。 4．根据下文““Pour your heart out… and if you’re worried that someone else may read it later, you can burn it to release the energy,” wrote u/ChoiceFabulous. (“倾诉衷肠……如果你担心别人以后会读到它，你可以烧掉它来释放能量，”ChoiceFabulous写道。)”可知，本段介绍写作对释放消极情绪的作用，与D项“Whenever I can’t exercise or burn out the feelings, I write. (每当我不能锻炼或倦怠时，我就会写作。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。 5．根据下文“If you have trouble not getting angry when discussing something or trying to work through a problem with someone, always imagine the conversation is being videotaped. (如果你在讨论某事或试图与某人解决问题时难以不生气，请始终想象谈话被录像。)”可知，如果你的面前有摄像机，你就会注意自己的言辞，与G项“Pretend there is a camera before you and be mindful of what you say. (假装你面前有一个摄像头，并注意你说的话。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选G项。 Passage 4 （23-24高一下·安庆一中·期中） Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness! Have you found that focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first? 1 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself. This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut, or flavor of ice cream. 2 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your well-being and lifelong happiness. There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings, or just free-write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 3 . 4 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them. An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 5 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships. A．It’s one thing to know your personal type. B．It’s a great way to show that you care about others. C．Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon. D．Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations. E．It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others. F．But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing. G．It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲了探索自己的内心世界对于自己的重要性，文章列举了一些探索自己内心世界方法，并解释了为什么这些方法可以带来更好的人际关系。 1．根据上文“Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first?(你是否发现关注自己被排在待办事项清单的最后，因为你觉得生活中的其他人都是第一位的？)”可知，上文提到生活中其他人都是第一位，故本句承接上文，说明没有给自己留时间。故C选项“给自己留点时间一直被人看不起”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据上文“This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream.(（关注自己）不仅仅是确定你最喜欢的衣服、发型或冰淇淋的味道)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出关注自己的真正含义。前一句的This isn’t just about identifying和G选项It’s about understanding构成句法上的转折关系。故G选项“这是关于了解你的内心世界，以及你如何适应外部世界”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据上文“There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do.(有很多工具可以帮助你发展更深层次的自我意识，包括日记和其他形式的创造性表达。你可以使用指南来探索你的想法和感受，或者只是自由地写下任何想到的东西。你想做什么由你自己决定)”可知，本段在陈述写日记能够更好地探索你的内心世界，但是仅仅专注于写日记就好， 不要去批判日记中自己的想法。此处的writing与F选项中journaling可以构成同义替换。故F选项“但是尽量不要陷入对你写作的批评或评判中”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据后文“Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.(注意你对别人的反应，什么让你快乐，什么让你不快乐。这可以帮助你识别阻碍你前进的模式，比如缺乏安全感或容易生气。一旦你确定了这些模式，你就可以努力改变它们)”可知，上一段陈述了一种关注自己内心世界的方法，而本段则是在陈述另外一种方法，因此D选项中Another way is to符合并列的条件，且本句的意思也与后面的“关注自己在人际交往中如何反应”相符合。故D选项“另一种方法是观察你在不同情况下的行为”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life.(自我发现的一个经常被忽视但非常重要的因素是在你的个人生活中有健康的界限)”以及后文“Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.(清楚地表达你的界限也是一种向别人表明你能控制自己的行为，并期望他们也能做到这一点的方式。这是成熟和尊重的标志，这两个特征是拥有健康关系的关键)”可知，前一句陈述要划定一个健康的人际关系界限，后一句则提及和别人划清界限意味着你能够很好地控制自己的行为并且也希望别人能够控制好自己的行为，这种行为能够既关注自己也关注别人，故E选项“它能让你专注于自己的需求，而不会忽视他人”符合语境，故选E。 主题03 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽安庆·期中） Food waste is a major issue in agriculture and in homes. If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste. 1 It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through to preservation (保存) of your harvests. Here are some tips for you. When planning a food-producing garden, it’s very important to choose the right plants for the right places. Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions. 2 Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate. If you make the right plant choices, you are likely to get a good harvest. Sometimes cooperation is key. People may often have more seeds (种子) than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable (能存活的) for a certain length of time. 3 And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other. 4 You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants. Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved. This can happen in a range of different ways. You can freeze, pickle (腌制), or can a wide range of garden produce. 5 A．Communities can come together to harvest crops. B．Many common weeds or flowers can be sources of food. C．Preventing food waste in the garden is a long term process. D．So think about how you can create good systems in your garden. E．Sharing them between households can avoid wasting their potential. F．Make sure you know how to do so properly when harvest time comes. G．Scheduling different harvest periods for certain crops can help avoid waste. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．E 4．G 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在种植过程中避免食物浪费的建议。 1．根据上文“If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste.(如果你自己种食物，你最不想要的就是让你的辛勤劳动付诸东流)”可知，自己种植食物时不想要食物浪费，结合下文“It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through to preservation (保存) of your harvests.(它从你选择的植物开始，一直到保存你的收成)”可知，防止食物浪费是一个长期的过程，C项“防止菜园里的食物浪费是一个长期的过程”符合语境，故选C。 2．上文“Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions.(如果你种植的植物不适合当地的气候、土壤和生长条件，那么浪费就更有可能发生)”提到容易发生食物浪费的情况，结合下文“Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate.(确保它们不仅能提供食物，还能适应不断变化的气候)”可知，空处以及下文应是关于防止发生食物浪费的情况，D项“所以想想如何在你的花园中创建好的系统”符合语境，下文they指代选项中的systems。故选D。 3．上文“People may often have more seeds (种子) than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable (能存活的) for a certain length of time.(人们可能经常拥有比他们真正需要的更多的种子，特别是在小花园里。然而，种子通常只能存活一段时间)”提到，种子数量多且存活时间短的问题，结合下文“And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other.(你们也可以互相分享技能和知识)”中的关键提示“also share”可知，空处是关于分享多出的种子，E项“在家庭之间共享它们可以避免浪费它们的潜力”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据本段内容“You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants.(例如，你可以在温室里种一些草莓，在室外种一些。那些在掩蔽下生长的植物通常会提前一点准备好收获。或者你可以种植不同种类的植物)”可知，本段主要讲想办法让植物的收获时间不一样，通过这样的方式来避免浪费，G项“为某些作物安排不同的收获期可以帮助避免浪费”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据本段首句“Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved.(一旦你种植了作物，重要的是要准备好保存需要保存的东西)”以及空前“You can freeze, pickle (腌制), or can a wide range of garden produce.(你可以冷冻，腌制，或者可以制作各种各样的菜园产品)”可知，本段是说收获后要好好保存，空前提到了一些保存的方法，F项“当收获季节到来的时候，确保你知道如何正确地这样做”符合语境，故选F。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $