Unit 12 语法专练 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语八年级下册

2026-03-20
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语仁爱科普版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Grammar in use
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 35 KB
发布时间 2026-03-20
更新时间 2026-03-20
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-03-20
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仁爱版八下第12单元语法专练 宾语从句特殊疑问词 一、宾语从句概述 宾语从句是指在一个复合句中,充当主句动词、介词或某些形容词宾语的句子。简单来说,就是一个句子充当了另一个句子的宾语。 例如: · I know that he is a teacher.(我知道他是一名老师。) · She asked where I lived.(她问我住在哪里。) · He is interested in what I said.(他对我说的话感兴趣。) 二、特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 当宾语从句由特殊疑问词引导时,这个特殊疑问词既起到连接主句和从句的作用,同时又在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 1. 特殊疑问词的分类 特殊疑问词主要分为两类: 疑问代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语): · who:谁(主格),在从句中作主语或表语 · I wonder who will come to the party.(我想知道谁会来派对。- who作主语) · Can you tell me who that man is?(你能告诉我那个人是谁吗?- who作表语) · whom:谁(宾格),在从句中作宾语 · Do you know whom she is talking to?(你知道她在和谁说话吗?- whom作介词to的宾语) · Please tell me whom you met yesterday.(请告诉我你昨天见到了谁。- whom作met的宾语) · whose:谁的,在从句中作定语,修饰名词 · I don't know whose book this is.(我不知道这是谁的书。- whose修饰book) · She asked whose idea it was.(她问这是谁的主意。- whose修饰idea) · what:什么,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语 · Tell me what happened yesterday.(告诉我昨天发生了什么。- what作主语) · I don't know what you mean.(我不知道你什么意思。- what作宾语) · This is what I want.(这就是我想要的。- what作表语) · which:哪个/哪些,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语 · I wonder which is better.(我想知道哪个更好。- which作主语) · Can you tell me which one you prefer?(你能告诉我你更喜欢哪一个吗?- which作定语修饰one) 疑问副词(在从句中作状语): · when:何时,在从句中作时间状语 · Do you know when the meeting starts?(你知道会议什么时候开始吗?) · Please tell me when you will arrive.(请告诉我你什么时候到。) · where:何地,在从句中作地点状语 · Could you tell me where the nearest bank is?(你能告诉我最近的银行在哪里吗?) · I don't remember where I put my keys.(我不记得把钥匙放哪儿了。) · why:为什么,在从句中作原因状语 · I wonder why he was late.(我想知道他为什么迟到。) · Can you explain why you did that?(你能解释你为什么那么做吗?) · how:如何/怎样,在从句中作方式状语 · Tell me how you solved the problem.(告诉我你是怎么解决这个问题的。) · Do you know how to get there?(你知道怎么去那里吗?) 2. 语序问题——最重要的规则 宾语从句最核心的规则是:必须使用陈述句语序,即"主语 + 谓语"的顺序,不能使用疑问句语序。 错误示范(疑问句语序): · ✗ Could you tell me where is the station? · ✗ I wonder what are they doing? · ✗ Do you know when will he come? 正确表达(陈述句语序): · ✓ Could you tell me where the station is? · ✓ I wonder what they are doing. · ✓ Do you know when he will come? 对比分析: · 特殊疑问句本身:Where is the station?(疑问句语序:疑问词 + 谓语 + 主语) · 宾语从句中:... where the station is。(陈述句语序:连接词 + 主语 + 谓语) 3. 时态呼应原则 宾语从句的时态通常受主句时态的影响: 主句为现在时(包括一般现在时、现在完成时等): · 从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态 · He says that he likes music.(他说他喜欢音乐。- 一般现在时) · I know that she has gone to Beijing.(我知道她已经去了北京。- 现在完成时) · Can you tell me what you will do tomorrow?(你能告诉我你明天要做什么吗?- 一般将来时) 主句为过去时: · 从句通常要用相应的过去时态 · He said that he liked music.(他说他喜欢音乐。- 一般现在时→一般过去时) · She asked where I had been.(她问我去了哪里。- 现在完成时→过去完成时) · I wondered what he would do next.(我想知道他接下来会做什么。- 一般将来时→过去将来时) 特殊情况(从句表示客观真理、自然现象、谚语等): · 即使主句是过去时,从句仍用一般现在时 · The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.(老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。) 4. 特殊疑问词与that、if/whether的区别 · that引导的宾语从句:陈述一件事情,that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用 · I think that he is right.(我认为他是对的。) · if/whether引导的宾语从句:表示"是否",不充当从句成分 · I don't know if he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。) · 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句:表示"什么/谁/哪里/何时/为什么/如何"等,并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分 三、特殊疑问词引导宾语从句的三种位置 1. 跟在动词后作宾语 这是最常见的情况: · I don't know what he wants. · She asked where I lived. · Can you tell me when the train leaves? 2. 跟在介词后作宾语 · This depends on how you do it.(这取决于你怎么做。) · I'm interested in what he said.(我对他说的话感兴趣。) · They are talking about where to go.(他们在讨论去哪里。) 3. 跟在形容词后作宾语 常见的形容词有:sure, certain, afraid, glad等 · I'm not sure who will come.(我不确定谁会来。) · She was afraid what might happen.(她害怕可能会发生什么。) · We are glad that you can come.(我们很高兴你能来。- 这里是that引导) 四、特殊疑问词引导宾语从句的简化形式 当主句主语与从句主语一致时,某些宾语从句可以简化为"疑问词 + 不定式"结构: · I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do. · Can you tell me how I can get there? → Can you tell me how to get there? · She asked where she should go. → She asked where to go. 五、常见错误及注意事项 1. 避免双重疑问:不要在主句和从句中都使用疑问语序 · ✗ Do you know where is the library? · ✓ Do you know where the library is? 2. 注意who和whom的区别: · who作主语:I wonder who lives here. · whom作宾语:I wonder whom you met. 3. what和which的区别: · what表示没有范围的"什么" · which表示有选择范围的"哪个/哪些" · I don't know what you like.(我不知道你喜欢什么。- 无范围) · I don't know which color you like, red or blue?(我不知道你喜欢哪种颜色,红色还是蓝色?- 有范围) 4. how与其他词组合: · how many/much(多少) · how long(多长时间) · how often(多久一次) · how far(多远) · how old(多大年龄) 六、实用例句汇总 日常对话常见表达: 1. Could you tell me where the restroom is?(请问洗手间在哪里?) 2. I wonder why she didn't come to the party.(我想知道她为什么没来派对。) 3. Do you know when the movie starts?(你知道电影什么时候开始吗?) 4. Please tell me how I can improve my English.(请告诉我怎样才能提高英语。) 5. I don't remember who told me that.(我不记得是谁告诉我那件事的。) 6. Can you explain what this word means?(你能解释这个词是什么意思吗?) 7. She asked whose phone was ringing.(她问谁的手机在响。) 8. He wants to know which bus goes to the airport.(他想知道哪路公交车去机场。) 宾语从句特殊疑问词专项练习题 一、单项选择(共15题) 1. Can you tell me ______ the nearest post office is? A. what B. where C. when D. how 2. I don't know ______ he will come back. A. when B. what C. which D. who 3. Could you explain ______ you were late again? A. what B. why C. who D. where 4. Do you remember ______ we met for the first time? A. what B. which C. where D. who 5. I wonder ______ book this is. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 6. Please tell me ______ with your computer. A. what's wrong B. what wrong is C. wrong what is D. what is wrong 7. She asked me ______ I was going. A. where B. what C. when D. A and C 8. I'm not sure ______ he will agree with us. A. that B. whether C. what D. when 9. Do you know ______ this dictionary belongs to? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 10. He didn't tell me ______. A. which room he lived B. which room did he live in C. which room he lived in D. he lived in which room 11. Could you tell me ______ to the station? A. how can I get B. how I can get C. how get D. how getting 12. I don't know ______ or not he will come. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 13. She wondered ______ she could trust him. A. that B. what C. if D. who 14. Can you tell me ______ size shoes you wear? A. which B. what C. whose D. who 15. I want to know ______. A. why is he crying B. why he is crying C. he is crying why D. he why is crying 二、句型转换(共5题) 将下列特殊疑问句改为宾语从句 1. Where does she live? → I don't know ______. 2. Why was he late? → Can you tell me ______? 3. What are they doing? → He wants to know ______. 4. How can I get to the museum? → Could you tell me ______? 5. Who broke the window? → The teacher asked ______. 三、改错题(共5题) 找出下列句子中的错误并改正 1. Could you tell me where is the nearest supermarket? 2. I wonder what does he want. 3. She asked me that I liked coffee. 4. Do you know who's pen this is? 5. He didn't tell me when will the meeting start. 四、完成句子(共5题) 根据中文提示完成句子 1. 我想知道他现在在做什么。 I wonder ______ now. 2. 你能告诉我怎样才能提高英语吗? Can you tell me ______? 3. 她问我要去哪本书。 She asked me ______. 4. 我不确定他什么时候回来。 I'm not sure ______. 5. 请告诉我你为什么这么高兴。 Please tell me ______. 答案解析 一、单项选择解析 1. 【答案】B 【解析】根据句意"最近的邮局在哪里",询问地点要用where。what问什么,when问时间,how问方式,都不符合语境。 2. 【答案】A 【解析】句意"我不知道他什么时候回来",询问时间用when。what问事情,which问哪个,who问人,都不符合。 3. 【答案】B 【解析】句意"你能解释你为什么又迟到了吗",询问原因用why。 4. 【答案】C 【解析】句意"你记得我们第一次见面在哪里吗",询问地点用where。 5. 【答案】B 【解析】句意"我想知道这是谁的书",表示"谁的"用whose。空格后有名词book,需要定语,whose可作定语。 6. 【答案】A 【解析】这是what引导的宾语从句,what作主语。注意"what's wrong"是固定表达,在宾语从句中保持原语序,不需要改为陈述句语序。类似还有what happened等。 7. 【答案】D 【解析】句意"她问我要去哪里/什么时候去",根据语境,where和when都成立,但题目没有上下文,所以两个都可以选。 8. 【答案】B 【解析】句意"我不确定他是否会同意我们",表示"是否"用whether或if。但这里sure是形容词,后面通常跟whether更常见。that引导陈述句,what问什么,when问时间,都不符合。 9. 【答案】B 【解析】句意"你知道这本字典属于谁吗",belong to后跟宾语,需要宾格,所以用whom。who是主格,whose是"谁的",which是"哪个"。 10. 【答案】C 【解析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除B(疑问语序)。live in是固定搭配,介词in不能省略,排除A。D语序错误。只有C正确:which room作in的宾语。 11. 【答案】B 【解析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A(疑问语序)。C和D结构错误。B正确:how I can get...(陈述句语序)。 12. 【答案】B 【解析】固定搭配:whether...or not。if不能直接跟or not连用。所以只能用whether。 13. 【答案】C 【解析】句意"她想知道是否她能信任他",表示"是否"用if或whether。这里选项中有if,所以选C。 14. 【答案】B 【解析】询问尺码的固定表达:what size。what在这里作定语修饰size。类似的还有what color, what time等。 15. 【答案】B 【解析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序,所以应该是"why he is crying"。A是疑问语序,C和D语序混乱。 二、句型转换解析 1. 【答案】where she lives 【解析】原句是特殊疑问句,改为宾语从句时:①连接词用where ②语序改为陈述句语序she lives ③主句I don't know是现在时,从句时态不变。 2. 【答案】why he was late 【解析】①连接词用why ②语序改为he was late ③主句Can you tell me是一般现在时,但原句是过去时,所以从句保持过去时。 3. 【答案】what they are doing 【解析】①连接词用what(作doing的宾语)②语序改为they are doing ③主句He wants to know是现在时,从句用现在进行时。 4. 【答案】how I can get to the museum 【解析】①连接词用how ②语序改为I can get ③主句Could you tell me是现在时,从句用原时态。 5. 【答案】who broke the window 【解析】①连接词用who(作主语)②特殊疑问词作主语时,语序不变,仍然是who broke ③主句The teacher asked是过去时,从句用一般过去时。 三、改错题解析 1. 【答案】where the nearest supermarket is 【解析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序,应该是where the nearest supermarket is,而不是where is the nearest supermarket。 2. 【答案】what he wants 【解析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序,应该是what he wants,而不是what does he want。注意主句I wonder是现在时,从句用一般现在时。 3. 【答案】if/whether I liked coffee 【解析】句意是"她问我是否喜欢咖啡",表示"是否"应该用if或whether,而不是that。that引导的从句表示陈述一个事实。 4. 【答案】whose pen this is 【解析】whose已经表示"谁的",后面直接跟名词,不需要再用所有格符号。who's是who is的缩写,意思完全不同。应该是whose pen。 5. 【答案】when the meeting would start 【解析】①宾语从句要用陈述句语序:when the meeting would start ②主句He didn't tell me是过去时,从句要用相应的过去时,will改为would。 四、完成句子解析 1. 【答案】what he is doing 【解析】"做什么"用what,从句用陈述句语序he is doing。主句I wonder是现在时,从句用现在进行时。 2. 【答案】how I can improve my English 【解析】"怎样才能"用how,从句用陈述句语序I can improve。主句Can you tell me是现在时,从句用原时态。 3. 【答案】which book I would go to 【解析】"哪本书"用which book,从句用陈述句语序I would go to。主句She asked是过去时,从句用过去将来时would。 4. 【答案】when he will come back 【解析】"什么时候"用when,从句用陈述句语序he will come back。主句I'm not sure是现在时,从句用一般将来时。 5. 【答案】why you are so happy 【解析】"为什么"用why,从句用陈述句语序you are so happy。主句Please tell me是祈使句,相当于现在时,从句用原时态。 核心要点回顾: 1. 语序是关键:宾语从句永远用"连接词 + 主语 + 谓语"的陈述句语序 2. 连接词的选择:根据句意选择what/who/where/when/why/how等 3. 时态要呼应:主句过去时,从句通常用相应的过去时 4. 注意特殊词:whose作定语,whom作宾语,what size/color等固定搭配 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 12 语法专练 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语八年级下册
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Unit 12 语法专练 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语八年级下册
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Unit 12 语法专练 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语八年级下册
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