专题04阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，天津专用）高一英语下学期

专题04阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）In 1999, Google hired its 53rd employee called Charlie Ayers. This employee was unique. He didn’t develop software, nor did he have business knowledge. In fact, he just worked for a famous band. But Charlie won a cooking competition held by the company. Then, he became the company’s chef. He would help Google feed its employees. Since then, Google’s policy of free snacks has been copied. This policy may make sense for some companies since employees don’t need to travel far to eat. The companies think it can also improve traffic during lunch hour. But firms’ free-snack policy has been attacked by politicians. They believe it extremely reduces the number of customers of local restaurants, which causes many of them to break down and eventually harms the relevant industries. So officials are preventing Facebook opening a canteen at its new campus. There have been many theories explaining what motivates firms to provide free snacks. Some argue it’s a firm’s dirty trick to keep workers working for longer hours. Others argue it’s about helping the firm attract talents. Still others say rich firms are just generous and that their generosity, in turn, makes their workers happier and more productive. All of these may contribute to the firms’ free snacks. Google says its food system is about promoting teamwork and creativity. The idea is that it provides chances to bond and exchange ideas when employees randomly meet and eat together. This. they believe, encourages creativity. While free snacks might increase the amount of time employees spend in the office, the theory that it increases creativity lacks evidence. Actually, evidence suggests unlimited candy and chips in the break room will affect people’s cognitive (认知的) performance, which might eventually prevent workers from thinking intelligently. It’s no wonder that some Google’s competitors rejected the food policy. If companies want workers to exchange ideas, regular meals can make it. A better food system for companies is one where workers would be given a gift card for food purchases. Some colleges have a similar food system, which offers discount to fruit and vegetables and places an extra cost on junk food — junk food, after all, could end up increasing the company’s health insurance bills. There’s no such thing as a free lunch. The same is true for snacks. 1．Why does the author mention Charlie Ayers in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the background of the passage. B．To expand understanding of the topic. C．To lead into the topic of the passage. D．To show the structure of the passage. 2．What do politicians think of firms’ free-snack policy? A．It does increase the employees’ creativity. B．It’s beneficial to local transportation. C．It brings negative effect on local restaurants. D．It strengthens the unity of the firms’ employees. 3．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The importance of the free-snack policy. B．The possible causes of some firms’ free-snack policy. C．The benefits of free-snack policy to workers. D．The oppositions to the free-snack policy. 4．Why do some companies decline the free snack policy? A．They think it weakens employees’ creativity. B．They consider it a big financial burden. C．They are unaware of its positive influence. D．They find it unattractive to many employees. 5．Which of the following will the author agree with? A．Companies should increase their insurance bills on workers. B．Colleges’ food systems tend to be superior to companies’. C．Free snacks are unnecessary in the companies. D．A good food system can give discounts to any food. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了公司为员工提供免费零食的政策及其影响和争议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In 1999, Google hired its 53rd employee called Charlie Ayers. This employee was unique. He didn’t develop software, nor did he have business knowledge. In fact, he just worked for a famous band. But Charlie won a cooking competition held by the company. Then, he became the company’s chef. He would help Google feed its employees. Since then, Google’s policy of free snacks has been copied. (1999年，谷歌雇佣了第53名员工，名叫查理·艾尔斯。这个员工很特别。他既没有开发软件，也没有商业知识。事实上，他只是为一个著名乐队工作。但查理赢得了公司举办的烹饪比赛。然后，他成为了公司的厨师。他将帮助谷歌为员工提供食物。从那时起，谷歌的免费零食政策就被其他公司效仿)”结合下文对公司免费零食政策的讨论可知，作者在第一段提到查理·艾尔斯是为了引出文章的主题，即公司为员工提供免费零食的政策。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But firms’ free-snack policy has been attacked by politicians. They believe it extremely reduces the number of customers of local restaurants, which causes many of them to break down and eventually harms the relevant industries. (但公司的免费零食政策遭到了政客们的抨击。他们认为，这极大地减少了当地餐馆的顾客数量，导致其中许多餐馆倒闭，最终损害了相关产业)”可知，政客们认为公司的免费零食政策对当地餐馆产生了负面影响。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“There have been many theories explaining what motivates firms to provide free snacks. Some argue it’s a firm’s dirty trick to keep workers working for longer hours. Others argue it’s about helping the firm attract talents. Still others say rich firms are just generous and that their generosity, in turn, makes their workers happier and more productive. (有许多理论解释了是什么促使公司提供免费零食。一些人认为，这是公司让员工工作更长时间的肮脏伎俩。另一些人则认为，这是为了帮助公司吸引人才。还有一些人说，富裕的公司只是慷慨大方，而他们的慷慨反过来又让员工更快乐、更有效率)”可知，第三段主要讨论了一些公司提供免费零食政策的可能原因。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Actually, evidence suggests unlimited candy and chips in the break room will affect people’s cognitive (认知的) performance , which might eventually prevent workers from thinking intelligently. It’s no wonder that some Google’s competitors rejected the food policy. (事实上，有证据表明，休息室里无限的糖果和薯片会影响人们的认知表现，这最终可能会阻止员工进行智能思考。难怪谷歌的一些竞争对手拒绝了这项食品政策)”可知，一些公司拒绝免费零食政策是因为他们认为这会削弱员工的创造力。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“If companies want workers to exchange ideas, regular meals can make it. A better food system for companies is one where workers would be given a gift card for food purchases. Some colleges have a similar food system, which offers discount to fruit and vegetables and places an extra cost on junk food — junk food, after all, could end up increasing the company’s health insurance bills. (如果公司希望员工交流想法，定期聚餐就能实现这一点。对公司来说，更好的餐饮制度是为员工提供用于购买食品的礼品卡。一些大学有类似的餐饮制度，对水果和蔬菜提供折扣，对垃圾食品则收取额外费用 —— 毕竟，垃圾食品最终可能会增加公司的健康保险费用)”及最后一段“There’s no such thing as a free lunch. The same is true for snacks. (天下没有免费的午餐。零食也是如此)”可知，作者认为公司为员工提供免费零食并不是一件好事。由此推知，作者认为公司提供免费零食是没有必要的。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Have you ever heard of the term “seasonal color analysis”? It is a personal styling tool that helps people find colors that match their natural features, such as skin tone, hair color and eye color. This method divides people into four categories (类别) — spring, summer, autumn and winter — each with a matching set of colors to help them look better. The process was so complicated that it took me an entire weekend just to figure out which season I belong to. Finally, the tool stated that I am a “summer person” and picked the “right” colors for my hair and clothes. But then came the next challenge: I spent nearly eight hours and over 2,000 yuan at the barbershop. Beauty seems to be an increasingly time-consuming, expensive and exhausting effort. The term fu meiyi (服美役), or beauty duty, was even created to describe this phenomenon and has gained popularity on Chinese social media. Many people debate what should be considered part of beauty duty. Some argue that things like having long hair, wearing makeup, and spending money on fashion are unnecessary and that women should abandon these frivolities (无聊之事) to focus on building their wealth and status. Others believe that women buy clothes and makeup simply because they enjoy them, not because they are trying to be liked by men. From my perspective, to some extent, we are all influenced by beauty duty because our views of beauty are inevitably (不可避免地) shaped by society’s unrealistic beauty standards. These ideas often promote a single, narrow definition of beauty that is difficult — if not impossible — for people to achieve. Take me, for example. I love the color black, but according to seasonal color analysis, it doesn’t suit me. To appear more “beautiful”, I should give up wearing black and only wear light-colored clothing. This so-called beauty standard ignores personal preferences and limits self-expression. Furthermore, it ignores the variety of beauty in the world. People come in all shapes, sizes and colors. True beauty should be about accepting and celebrating these differences, not forcing everyone to follow a single standard. I believe people should be free to dress however they like, as long as it makes them happy. However, we must be aware of how beauty standards are created and forced on us, shaping the way we present ourselves — often without us even realizing it. 6．What does seasonal color analysis help people determine? A．The colors that suit them best. B．Personality traits linked to color choices. C．The most popular colors for each season. D．Clothing styles based on their favorite colors. 7．Why does the author mention her experience at the barbershop? A．To highlight the cost of beauty. B．To criticize seasonal color analysis. C．To describe an unpleasant makeover. D．To explain her personal beauty choices. 8．What does the author believe about beauty standards? A．They restrict self-improvement. B．They should embrace diversity. C．They encourage social competition. D．They are based on wealth and status. 9．What does the author suggest people do? A．Prioritize comfort over style. B．Avoid following fashion trends. C．Be open to society’s beauty standards. D．Dress in a way that makes them happy. 10．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Digging deep into Fashion Trends B．Feeling Trapped in Beauty’s Cage C．Decoding Seasonal Color Analysis D．Saving Money on Beauty Routines 【答案】6．A 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了季节性色彩分析工具对个人审美的束缚，批判了社会单一审美标准导致的“服美役”现象，并倡导尊重多元化的美和穿衣自由。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever heard of the term ‘seasonal color analysis’? It is a personal styling tool that helps people find colors that match their natural features, such as skin tone, hair color and eye color.(你听说过“季节色彩分析”这个术语吗？这是一种个人形象设计工具，能帮助人们找到与自身自然特征，比如肤色、发色和眼睛颜色，相匹配的颜色。)”可知，季节色彩分析是一种帮助人们找到与自身自然特征，如肤色、发色、眼睛颜色，相匹配的色彩的工具，即，帮助人匹配最适合他们的颜色。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段“But then came the next challenge: I spent nearly eight hours and over 2,000 yuan at the barbershop.(但接下来又迎来了新的挑战：我在理发店花了将近八个小时，还花了两千多元。)”以及第三段“Beauty seems to be an increasingly time-consuming, expensive and exhausting effort.( 如今，追求美丽似乎越来越耗费时间、金钱和精力。)”可知，作者提及自己的理发经历，说明理发店经历的具体数据（时间、金钱），是为了突出后文提出的“美是昂贵负担”的观点，强调美的成本。故选A项。 8．细节理解题。根据第五段“True beauty should be about accepting and celebrating these differences, not forcing everyone to follow a single standard.(真正的美应当在于接纳并赞美这些差异，而非强制所有人遵循单一的标准。)”可知，作者明确提出审美标准应包容多样性。选项B“They should embrace diversity.(应拥抱多样性。)” 是原文的同义转述。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I believe people should be free to dress however they like, as long as it makes them happy.(我认为人们应当有权按照自己的喜好来选择穿着方式，只要这种穿着方式能让他们感到快乐就行。)”可知，作者的核心建议是“穿衣自由”和“追求快乐”，即穿着要能让他们感到开心才行。故选D项。 10．主旨大意题。阅读文章，尤其根据第三段“Beauty seems to be an increasingly time-consuming, expensive and exhausting effort. The term fu meiyi, or beauty duty, was even created to describe this phenomenon and has gained popularity on Chinese social media.(美似乎正成为一项愈发耗费时间、成本高昂且令人疲惫不堪的追求。于是，“服美役”这一术语应运而生，用来描述这种现象，并且在中国的社交媒体上也颇受欢迎。)”可知，本文的核心话题是“服美役”，并且围绕“服美役”现象展开，批判社会审美标准对个人的束缚。由此推知，选项B“Feeling Trapped in Beauty’s Cage(被困在美的牢笼之中)”贴合主题，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期中）Automated kitchens aren’t sci-fi scenes from shows like Star Trek. Right now, robots are used to fry chicken, create pizzas, prepare salads and much more. AI can invent recipes (食谱) based on what a kitchen has. More advanced concepts are in development to automate kitchens for fine dining. Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technologies. Over time, prices are likely to fall enough for the home market, changing how homes and society work. The benefits of AI kitchens include enabling cooks to avoid boring tasks such as peeling potatoes or standing at a workstation for hours. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand. However, there are risks to human well-being. Cooking is a good activity that helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits could be diminished (减少) if the human element becomes unnecessary. Family relationships might suffer without the collaborative (协作的) kitchen environment. Furthermore, the kitchen serves as the household’s science laboratory, playing an important role in science education. The art of cooking helps kids learn about materials, chemistry and problem-solving. Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often stereotypes or oversimplifies cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse dishes. Relying too heavily on technology in meal creation may result in a lack of variety, leading to a sameness in taste. That’s akin (类似的) to the strangely similar feel of AI art images across different apps. Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions (扰乱) that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives. 1．What makes AI kitchen technologies an early choice for businesses like restaurants? A．Being able to afford the high costs. B．Being specifically designed for them. C．Reducing the need for human workers. D．Improving communication among staff. 2．What potential benefit of AI kitchens is mentioned in the passage? A．Meeting various tastes. B．Saving money on food. C．Reducing kitchen waste. D．Improving family relationships. 3．What educational role does the kitchen play according to the passage? A．Cultural learning center. B．Nutrition learning environment. C．Artistic skills development space. D．Science lab for materials and chemistry. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward AI kitchens? A．The author doesn’t agree with the use of AI in kitchens. B．The author is completely in favor of AI in kitchens. C．The author is careful about using AI in kitchens. D．The author doesn’t care about AI in kitchens. 5．What’s the best title for this passage? A．AI in the Kitchen: Benefits and Risks B．Robots: The New Chefs in Restaurants C．The Impact of AI vs. Family Relationships D．Traditional Cooking Methods vs. Technology 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了AI厨房技术的发展及其对餐饮业和家庭生活的影响，同时分析了这种技术可能带来的社会、文化和教育层面的风险。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technologies. (由于技术一开始往往很昂贵，餐馆和其他企业是第一批使用人工智能厨房技术的人)”可知，能够负担得起高昂的成本让人工智能厨房技术成为餐馆等企业的早期选择。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand. (对于个性化饮食，人工智能可以根据需要适应无数特殊的饮食和口味)”可知，AI厨房能够满足各种不同的口味需求。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Furthermore, the kitchen serves as the household’s science laboratory, playing an important role in science education. The art of cooking helps kids learn about materials, chemistry and problem-solving. (此外，厨房作为家庭的科学实验室，在科学教育中发挥着重要作用。烹饪的艺术帮助孩子们学习材料、化学和解决问题)”可知，厨房扮演着的教育角色为：材料与化学科学实验室。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第三段“The benefits of AI kitchens include enabling cooks to avoid boring tasks such as peeling potatoes or standing at a workstation for hours.   It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks.   For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand. (人工智能厨房的好处包括使厨师能够避免枯燥的任务，比如削土豆皮或在工作站站几个小时。它可以腾出时间，让人们专注于更重要的任务。对于个性化饮食，人工智能可以根据需要适应无数特殊的饮食和口味)”和第四段“However, there are risks to human well-being. Cooking is a good activity that helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits could be diminished (减少) if the human element becomes unnecessary. Family relationships might suffer without the collaborative (协作的) kitchen environment. (然而，这对人类福祉是有风险的。烹饪是一项很好的活动，有助于交流和自我表达，但如果人类因素变得不必要，这些好处就会减少。如果没有合作的厨房环境，家庭关系可能会受到影响)”及最后一段“Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions (扰乱) that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives.(便利的代价是巨大的，所以考虑新技术可能带来的社会混乱是很重要的，尤其是在食品等与我们日常生活密切相关的领域)”可知，作者对AI厨房持谨慎态度，既指出了其潜在的好处，也提到了可能带来的风险，如影响家庭关系、文化多样性减少等。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions (扰乱) that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives.(便利可能会带来巨大的代价，因此重要的是要考虑新技术可能带来的社会干扰，特别是在与我们日常生活密切相关的食品领域。)”可知，文章探讨了AI在厨房中的应用及其带来的利弊，整篇文章围绕AI厨房技术的好处与风险展开讨论，因此最佳标题应为“AI in the Kitchen: Benefits and Risks (厨房中的人工智能：好处和风险)”。故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津河东·期中）Thomas, 13, and his friends Mark and Josh had a fantastic idea. Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）? At first, it was great fun. Then Mark stumbled（绊倒）, landing directly on Thomas’s leg. Thomas howled in pain. Even if you’ve never been injured on a trampoline, chances are you know someone who has. There were nearly 95,000 trampoline-related injuries, in 2012 alone. These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never. “This is not a toy. It’s a piece of equipment,” says Dr. Michele LaBotz, an author of the AAPstudy. Indeed, when trampolines were invented in the 1930s, they were intended for use by professional acrobats（杂技演员）. Over time, trampolines caught on with the public, and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use. Part of trampolines’ appeal is that despite the risks, they provide good exercise. You get a heart-pumping aerobic（有氧的） workout, like you do when running or dancing. And young people need all the exercise they can get. Still, trampolines can be dangerous — and not just for kids who fall off. Kids are also getting hurt on the springs and when they strike against each other. Serious injuries to the head and neck have been reported. One out of every 200 trampoline injuries leads to permanent brain damage. Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk. Kids fall off bikes and skateboards all the time. As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves. For instance: Never allow more than one person on a trampoline at a time. （About 75 percent of injuries result from having multiple jumpers at once.） And always have adult supervision. 6．According to the 2012 study by the AAP, ________. A．kids can protect themselves on a trampoline B．trampolines shouldn’t be used for entertainment C．trampolines are more popular among young kids D．kids shouldn’t trampoline without adult supervision 7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Trampolines were used to train the public. B．People realized the danger of trampolining. C．Trampolines became popular among the public. D．People worried about kids playing on trampolines. 8．What’s the author’s attitude towards trampolining? A．Uncertain. B．Unconcerned. C．Opposed. D．Objective. 9．The text is mainly about ________. A．the history of trampolines B．why kids shouldn’t trampoline C．the advantages of trampolining D．whether kids should trampoline 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过对受伤案例的描述和数据的列举，分析了蹦床虽然对青少年有一定的吸引力，但它仍然是一项非常危险的运动，容易造成身体受伤，因此人们应该正确地使用蹦床，以确保安全。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never.”（这些伤害是一个非常严重的问题，美国儿科学会(该学会由专门治疗儿童和青少年的医生组成）在2012年的一项研究中表示，蹦床不应该在家里或操场上使用。绝不应该。）和第五段的“This is not a toy”（这不是一个玩具）可知，AAP的研究表明蹦床不应该在家里或操场上，被孩子们作为一种娱乐玩具来使用。故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线句后“and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use.”（现在每年销售90万支，其中大部分用于娱乐用途。）可知，随着时间的推移，蹦床用于娱乐的销售量增加，说明蹦床开始被大众所欢迎，变得流行起来，故划线句表示“蹦床在大众中流行起来”。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk.”（跳蹦床显然很危险。但是，每项体育活动都有风险。）和“As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves.”（和其他运动一样，蹦床上的孩子可以保护自己。）可知，作者认为蹦床是有危险的，但是孩子们也是可以保护自己的，可见作者持客观的态度。故选D。 9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）?”（为什么不能在蹦床上踢足球？）和最后一段“Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk...As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves.”（跳蹦床显然很危险。但是，每项体育活动都有风险……和其他运动一样，蹦床上的孩子可以保护自己。）以及全文内容可知，文章主要分析了蹦床的优缺点，讨论了孩子们是否应该玩蹦床这一话题。故选D。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）“Thank you for your email, I have left to pursue my dream of crocheting (钩编) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office...until my penguin friends are happy.” This is part of an email received by a Chinese student studying in the UK from her tutor, which has recently gone viral online. You may find this email surprising, but knitting sweaters for penguins is a real act of kindness. The idea was started by the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks in Australia. The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. When little penguins became covered in oil, they tried to clean themselves with their beaks (喙), but eating the oil could be fatal. The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters worldwide to make sweaters for affected penguins. These sweaters could keep the penguins warm during the cleaning process and stop them from eating the oil. The method has proven effective. In 2001, another oil spill occurred near Phillip Island. Thanks to the sweaters, 96 percent of the affected penguins were successfully saved. However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins' bodies. In response, the foundation explained that the sweaters are only a short-term solution and will not be used once the penguins recover. To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate (合适的) clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By telling a joke. B．By describing an email. C．By introducing a tutor. D．By quoting a famous saying. 2．What does the underlined word “fatal” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Deadly. B．Common. C．Difficult. D．Temporary. 3．Why was the project of knitting sweaters for penguins started? A．To make penguins look cute. B．To protect penguins from the cold. C．To help penguins affected by oil spills. D．To raise awareness of climate change. 4．What concern have some bird protection groups raised about the penguin sweaters? A．The sweaters are too expensive to produce. B．The sweaters make penguins less visible to predators. C．The sweaters might cause long-term stress for penguins. D．The sweaters are not effective in keeping penguins warm. 5．What does the Penguin Foundation say about the knitting project? A．It will be a long-term solution. B．It brings unexpected benefits. C．It inspires a global love of knitting. D．It requires strict size guidelines. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了企鹅基金会鼓励人们为受漏油影响的企鹅编织毛衣的事情。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句““Thank you for your email, I have left to pursue my dream of crocheting (钩编) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office...until my penguin friends are happy.” (“谢谢你的邮件，我已经离开去追求为南极洲的企鹅编织毛衣的梦想，不再为经济学院工作。我将不在办公室……直到我的企鹅朋友们高兴起来。”)”可知，文章第一段描述了一封电子邮件的内容，发邮件的人打算为南极洲的企鹅编织毛衣，后文介绍了为什么要为企鹅编织毛衣，由此可知，作者通过描述一封电子邮件引出本文的主题。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据单词下文“The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. (油还损坏了它们的羽毛，使它们难以游泳或觅食。)”可知，这里介绍的是油对企鹅造成的危害，再结合生活常识可知，吃油对企鹅的健康有害，可能是致命的，“Deadly”意为“致命的”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. (该项目始于20世纪90年代末菲利普岛附近的一次严重漏油事件。在此期间，小企鹅的数量和健康状况显著下降。)”和第四段关键句“To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters worldwide to make sweaters for affected penguins. (为了解决这个问题，该基金会要求世界各地的编织者为受影响的企鹅制作毛衣。)”可知，漏油事件导致小企鹅的数量和健康状况显著下降，为了解决这个问题，基金会要求世界各地的编织者为受漏油影响的企鹅编织毛衣，由此可知，为企鹅编织毛衣的项目启动是为了帮助受漏油影响的企鹅。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段关键句“However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins bodies. (然而，一些人质疑动物穿人造衣服的想法。某些鸟类保护组织担心这些毛衣可能会给企鹅的身体带来更大的压力。)”可知，某些鸟类保护组织担心这些毛衣可能会给企鹅的身体带来更大的压力，由此可知，一些鸟类保护组织担心这些毛衣可能会给企鹅带来长期压力。故选C项。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate (合适的) clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. (为了确保企鹅得到保护并穿着合适的衣服，该基金会为编织者提供了详细的说明。例如，成品毛衣的总长度不应超过18cm，横跨身体的宽度不应超过12cm，底部开口的宽度不超过11cm。)”可知，为了确保企鹅得到保护并穿着合适的衣服，该基金会为编织者提供了严格的尺寸准则，例如成品毛衣的总长度不应超过18cm等，由此可知，企鹅基金会对针织项目的看法是它需要严格的尺寸准则。故选D项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津·期中）We talk a lot about air pollution. Here in Hong Kong we always complain about light pollution as well. Then, there is noise pollution. It’s the same in many cities around the world. In Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, people have been complaining about/the noise made by drivers who continually sound their car horns (喇). That is until recently, when something was finally done about it. ‘The Chief District Officer of Kathmandu had received many. complaints about horn pollution. He said that everyone felt the use of the car horn in recent years had become excessive. Researchers in Kathmandu found that for about 80 percent of the time, it really was not necessary for drivers to use their car horns. Sounding the horn to make a noise had become more of a habit. It was no longer being used as it was supposed to be used: to warn people of danger. At the beginning of the Nepali New Year in 2017, the local government passed a law to ban the use of car horns unless used correctly. Within six months, 11,000 fines (罚款) had been collected by the local traffic police. The fine was about HK S360. A taxi driver in Kathmandu can make about HK S1,000 per day, so he could lose about one-third of his money it he broke the law. As usual, there were many complaints from drivers. They said that cows and dogs were free to walk on the roads. They always caused danger. Sounding a car horn was the only way to get them to move out of the way. And although there were quite a few traffic lights in the streets of Kathmandu, very few of them worked. This meant there was often a traffic mess. The ban on using a car horn went ahead, and within a few weeks the streets of Nepal’s capital were quieter-even though they were still just as busy. Because of the ban, drivers are a little more careful when they drive. Fewer accidents have been reported. The local government says the horn ban will now be copied in other areas of Nepal. 6．What do Hong Kong and Kathmandu have in common? A．Both have been troubled by factory pollution. B．Both have succeeded in fighting air pollution. C．Both have been faced with the problem of noise pollution. D．Both have received many complaints about horn pollution. 7．What do the Researchers in Kathmandu found? A．Car drivers usually use car horns unnecessarily. B．The cars are becoming more and more. C．Care drivers use car horns as a warning. D．Everyone complain about the horn pollution. 8．When was the law on the use of car horns passed? A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2018. D．In 2019. 9．What will you find if you go to Kathmandu? A．No traffic lights in the streets can work. B．The traffic on the roads is not very smooth. C．Animals are not allowed to walk on the streets. D．Drivers are required to drive on one-way streets. 10．What can we guess about Kathmandu’s horn ban? A．It is useful. B．It is worrying. C．It is interesting. D．It is embarrassing. 【答案】6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了尼泊尔首都加德满都实施汽车喇叭禁令，并解释这个事件的背景、过程、影响以及未来的计划。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Here in Hong Kong we always complain about light pollution as well. Then, there is noise pollution. It’s the same in many cities around the world. In Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, people have been complaining about/the noise made by drivers who continually sound their car horns (喇).(在香港，我们也经常抱怨光污染。然后是噪音污染。世界上许多城市都是如此。在尼泊尔首都加德满都，人们一直在抱怨司机不停地按喇叭发出的噪音。)”可知，在香港，人们总是抱怨光污染，同时也提到了噪音污染，而在尼泊尔的首都加德满都，人们一直在抱怨司机不断按喇叭造成的噪音，这说明香港和加德满都都面临着噪音污染的问题。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers in Kathmandu found that for about 80 percent of the time, it really was not necessary for drivers to use their car horns. Sounding the horn to make a noise had become more of a habit. It was no longer being used as it was supposed to be used: to warn people of danger.(加德满都的研究人员发现，在大约80%的时间里，司机真的没有必要按汽车喇叭。按喇叭制造噪音已经成为一种习惯。它不再被用来警告人们有危险。)”可知，加德满都的研究人员发现，大约80%的时间里，司机使用汽车喇叭其实是不必要的。因此，研究人员发现的是汽车司机通常会不必要地使用汽车喇叭。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At the beginning of the Nepali New Year in 2017, the local government passed a law to ban the use of car horns unless used correctly.(2017年尼泊尔新年伊始，当地政府通过了一项法律，禁止不正确使用汽车喇叭。)”可知，关于汽车喇叭使用的法律是在2017年尼泊尔新年伊始通过的。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“And although there were quite a few traffic lights in the streets of Kathmandu, very few of them worked. This meant there was often a traffic mess.(尽管加德满都的街道上有不少红绿灯，但很少能正常工作。这意味着经常出现交通混乱。)”可知，尽管加德满都的街道上有很多交通灯，但是它们中很少有工作的。这意味着交通经常很混乱。这表明如果你去加德满都，你会发现道路上的交通并不顺畅。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The ban on using a car horn went ahead, and within a few weeks the streets of Nepal’s capital were quieter-even though they were still just as busy. Because of the ban, drivers are a little more careful when they drive. Fewer accidents have been reported.(禁止使用汽车喇叭的禁令继续实施，几周后，尼泊尔首都的街道安静了下来——尽管仍然很繁忙。因为有了这项禁令，司机开车的时候更加小心了。报道的事故也减少了。)”可知，由于禁止使用汽车喇叭，加德满都的街道上尽管仍然繁忙，但已经变得更为安静。此外，由于禁令的实施，司机们在驾驶时变得更加小心，事故报告也有所减少。这些描述都暗示了汽车喇叭禁令是有效的。故选A。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers advise “Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience.” How right they were! “Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.” Wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste (粘合剂) that helps you hang on there when the going gets tough. It is the inner voice that whispers, “I can do it!” When others shout, “No, you can’t!” It took years and years for the early work of Barbara Mclintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn’t stop working on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping. We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach. As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped (驼背的) shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As author and poet Samuel Ulman once wrote, “Years wrinkle (起皱纹) the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.” Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or title or power. Patricia Mellratl, a retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, “My father, long ago, told me, I never made a fortune until I stopped working for money.” If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended periods of depression that troubled her for at least 30 years and the quality of her work led one critic to say, “I am tempted into a genius.” We can’t afford to waste tears on “might-have-been”. We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be”. We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow. 11．The author holds the view that _______. A．enthusiasm is more important than experience B．enthusiasm can give people more success and fame C．enthusiastic people will never get old D．enthusiasm can make you succeed and enjoy life 12．The author mentions cellist Pablo Casals in the third paragraph to show that _______. A．enthusiasm can make people feel young B．music can arouse people’s enthusiasm C．enthusiasm can give people inspiration needed to succeed D．enthusiasm can keep people healthy 13．According to the passage, what can we learn about Elizabeth Layton Wellsville? A．She started drawing at the age of 38. B．Drawing helped her get rid of depression. C．Her drawings were not well-received. D．She made a living by drawing. 14．How many examples are given in the passage to show the importance of enthusiasm? A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five 15．Which proverb may the writer agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Good beginning makes a good ending. B．Don’t cry over the spoiled milk. C．Love me, love my dog. D．All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 【答案】11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过对实例的描述，表达了充满热情地生活和工作的重要性，并激励人们要充满热情地、全心全意地过好当下的每一刻。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段““Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.” Wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson.(“没有热情就不会有伟大的成就。”拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生写道。)”、第三段“We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age.(我们生来就有着睁大的眼睛、热情的好奇心，正是这种孩子般的好奇心赋予了热情的人如此年轻的气息，无论他们年龄多大。)”和最后一段“We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow.(我们需要全心全意地过好每一刻，用我们所有的感官——从后花园的芬芳中，从六岁孩子的简单照片中，从彩虹的美丽中寻找快乐。)”，以及文章所举的几个例子，说明了作者认为热情不仅能够带来成功（如诺贝尔奖），还能让人享受生活（如音乐、绘画带来的快乐）。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段“We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age.(我们生来就有着睁大的眼睛、热情的好奇心，正是这种孩子般的好奇心赋予了热情的人如此年轻的气息，无论他们年龄多大。)”和“At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach. As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped (驼背的) shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes.(90岁时，大提琴家巴勃罗·卡萨尔斯（Pablo Casals）以演奏巴赫开始他的一天。当音乐从他的指间流过时，他弯曲的肩膀会伸直，喜悦的目光又会重新出现在他的眼睛里)”可知，作者在第三段提到Pablo Casals是为了表明热情能够让人感到年轻。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第五段“Elizabeth Layton Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended periods of depression that troubled her for at least 30 years(Elizabeth Layton Wellsville, 68岁才开始画画，这一活动结束了困扰她至少30年的抑郁症)”可知，绘画帮助Elizabeth Layton Wellsville摆脱了抑郁症。故选B。 14．细节理解题。文章的第二至第五段共举了四个例子，分别是：Barbara Mclintock，Pablo Casals，Patricia Mellratl和Elizabeth Layton Wellsville。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We can’t afford to waste tears on “might-have-been”. We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be”. We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow..(我们不能把眼泪浪费在“本来可以”上。当我们追求“可能”的时候，我们需要把眼泪变成汗水。我们需要全心全意地过好每一刻，用我们所有的感官——从后花园的芬芳中，从六岁孩子的简单照片中，从彩虹的美丽中寻找快乐)”可知，我们要全心全意过好每一天，专注于当下，不为无法改变的事情懊悔。选项B. Don’t cry over the spoiled milk.“不要为无法改变的事情懊悔”，与该句意思一致。故选B。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津·期中）Think about things around you when you get up in the morning: the alarm clock, toothbrush, toile, coffee maker, and shower heads… What do these things have in common? They are all inventions. They come in all shapes, sizes and varieties. And their inventors were from diverse backgrounds. Sure, many scientists have made discoveries and turned those discoveries into inventions. However, that doesn’t mean you must be a scientist to be an inventor. We often hear that necessity is the mother of invention, and it means that people often identify one of their needs and then try to meet that need. Sometimes the only way to meet that need is to invent a new product! Think about all of the musical instruments in the world. Now think of all the products that go along with those instruments. Instead of scientists, many of those products were invented by musicians. They discovered a need and then invented a product to satisfy it. They may have thought scientifically about the product. They may have had help from a scientist, but many people have shown that inventors can come from any background. Non-scientific approaches can help develop new inventions. Although thinking scientifically is often a necessity, it can also be helpful to think out of the box. We often get used to doing things the same way and thinking that some ideas won’t work, which makes us stop thinking about new things. But if we keep thinking, we might discover something amazing. That is why some inventors can come from a variety of non-scientific backgrounds. For example a poet and an astronomer both look at the sky, but they see it differently. The poet might have ideas about a problem the astronomer would never consider. See? You don’t have to be a scientist to be an inventor. Somehow, everyone can invent something. 16．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Inventions can be made by anyone, not just scientists. B．Inventions are mainly the result of scientific discoveries. C．Inventors must have scientific backgrounds. D．Inventors is good at inventing daily things. 17．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Remember. B．Invent. C．Find. D．Develop. 18．The writer mentioned the invention of musical instruments in order to show ______. A．the need for a solution leads to invention B．music is very important in our lives C．inventions come from scientific thinking D．music can help scientists become inventors 19．What does the writer mean by saying “thinking out of the box” in Paragraph 4? A．It is helpful for people to keep thinking. B．It is not important for people to think scientifically. C．People need to think about things in new, different ways. D．People need to get used to doing things the same way. 20．By writing the passage, what may the writer want to tell us? A．We should take a look at the sky. B．It’s not easy to write a piece of music. C．We should try to solve scientific problems. D．It’s possible for everyone to invent things. 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．A 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了发明创造，说明每个人都有可能发明新东西。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“They come in all shapes, sizes and varieties. And their inventors were from diverse backgrounds. Sure, many scientists have made discoveries and turned those discoveries into inventions. However, that doesn’t mean you must be a scientist to be an inventor. (它们的发明者来自不同的背景。当然，许多科学家已经有所发现，并将这些发现转化为发明。然而，这并不意味着你必须是科学家才能成为发明家)”可知，本段主要讲述的是发明可以由任何人创造，而不仅仅是科学家。故选A项。 17．词句猜测题。划线词前文“We often hear that necessity is the mother of invention (我们经常听说需要是发明之母)”和后文“and then try to meet that need(然后努力满足这种需求)”说明满足需求前人们应首先发现这种需求，从而推知“and it means that people often identify one of their needs (这意味着人们经常identify他们的一种需求)”其中划线部分意思是“发现”。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Think about all of the musical instruments in the world. Now think of all the products that go along with those instruments. Instead of scientists, many of those products were invented by musicians. They discovered a need and then invented a product to satisfy it. (想想世界上所有的乐器。现在想想所有与这些乐器配套的产品。这些产品中的许多不是由科学家发明的，而是由音乐家发明的。他们发现了一种需求，然后发明了一种产品来满足它)”可推知，作者提到乐器的发明是为了说明对解决方案的需要导致发明。故选A项。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段中“We often get used to doing things the same way and thinking that some ideas won’t work, which makes us stop thinking about new things. But if we keep thinking, we might discover something amazing. (我们经常习惯于以同样的方式做事，并认为有些想法行不通，这使我们停止思考新事物。但如果我们继续思考，我们可能会发现一些惊人的事情)”可推知，作者说“thinking out of the box”是指人们需要用新的、不同的方式思考问题。故选C项。 20．推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“You don’t have to be a scientist to be an inventor. Somehow, everyone can invent something. (你不一定要成为科学家才能成为发明家。不管怎么着，每个人都能发明一些东西)”可推知，作者想告诉我们每个人都有可能发明新东西。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·天津·期中）Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text. In fact, more and more students use technology for written communication in their lives. Even so, research shows that teaching handwriting skills has its benefits. However, are the benefits worth spending valuable classroom time in teaching handwriting skills when students could be learning more about computer keyboarding? States across the country have good reasons to require students to learn computer keyboarding skills. For one, students are learning technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also the better a student’s computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that a student has to become a better writer. Computer tools such as the grammar and spell check make correcting quick and easy, although not 100% accurate (准确的). With these and many other tools, students gain important computer skills. Furthermore, students no longer have to worry about their writing being graded poorly by teachers. All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction. Still, the advantages of computer keyboarding skills may not be enough to leave handwriting instruction in the dust. Marlena Hamilton, professor of neurology at University of Pennsylvania, did an experiment with her co-workers to study what happens in students’ brains when writing. They found that many of the areas of the brain light up. These are the same areas that are used to learn to read. They then wondered if the same would be true when students looked at letters on a keyboard. “What we found, “she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just look at letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.” Schools across the nation are looking at the evidence and deciding what to do. William McIntyre, a reading coach at Sunshine Elementary School in Albany, New York, says, “What we have learned from the research is that learning handwriting benefits students educationally. What we also know is that students need to be taught keyboarding skills. Now, it is up to each school to make a decision. 10．From the first paragraph, we can know that _______. A．students don’t want to learn handwriting skills any more B．students don’t like communicating with friends in person C．students’ communicating by technology is more and more common D．students spend more time in playing computer games than before 11．What does the second paragraph mainly want to show? A．The roles of computer tools. B．The advantages of computer keyboarding skills. C．The importance of communication skills. D．The necessity of developing writing skills. 12．What’s the author’s attitude to students’ learning keyboarding skills? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Supportive. 13．What can the result of Hamilton’s experiment show? A．Keyboarding skills are very useful. B．Handwriting is helpful for students to learn. C．Keyboarding makes our brain more active. D．Handwriting is more difficult than keyboarding. 【答案】10．C 11．B 12．D 13．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。如今，人们更常用电子邮件或短信来表达自己的想法。事实上，越来越多的学生在他们的生活中使用书面来交流。文章主要讨论了当学生可以学习更多关于计算机键盘输入技巧知识时，是否值得花宝贵的课堂时间来教授书写技巧。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text.(如今，人们更常用电子邮件或文本来表达自己的想法)”可知，学生利用科技进行交流的现象越来越普遍。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。通读第二段，尤其是“For one, students are learning technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also the better a student’s computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that a student has to become a better writer.(首先，学生们正在学习的技术将帮助他们更快地与更多的人进行交流，并以多种不同的形式进行交流，例如电子邮件、网站、博客等等。另外，学生的电脑键盘输入技巧越好，学生成为一名优秀作家的机会就越大)”可知，第二段主要介绍了电脑键盘输入技巧的优势。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction.(总而言之，电脑键盘输入技术是朝着正确方向迈出的一步)”可推知，作者对学生学习电脑键盘输入技巧是持支持的态度的。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““What we found, “she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just look at letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.”(“我们发现,”她说，“当我们只看字母时，大脑的参与要少得多。当我们真正用手做东西时，大脑的工作会更加努力。”)”可知，Hamilton的实验表明，当我们真正用手做东西时，大脑的工作会更加努力，由此可推知，手写有助于学生学习。故选B。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津河北·期中）Some people say that friendship is the only channel through which human beings can ever experience the value of life. In our daily life, it is likely that you share some common interests with others-they may like the same sport, go to the same school or like the same kind of music as you do. Since you often meet them, they become your acquaintances（相识的人）. Although some people develop many acquaintances, only a few become their good friends in their lifetime because there are differences between acquaintances and friends. It is said that true friendship begins when someone knows what you are really like, but still likes you anyway. A true friend shows loyalty（忠诚）from the very beginning of the relationship. A friend will go through challenges to help you without expecting anything in return. A “friend” today may probably become a “true friend” tomorrow when they get involved in unexpected circumstances（条件）together with you-for example, when you are going through a difficult experience and your friend is there to help you out. However, some acquaintances might leave you when you badly need their help. At this time, you can experience what true friendship is. In our life, some people seem to go through life with plenty of friends. They may be funny or they may have a bright and pleasant personality（性格）. For these people, wherever they go, people seem to like them and welcome their company. But when they go through challenging life experiences, some of their friends are not there to help them. Therefore we can say some of their friends are not real friends and their friendship is just skin-deep. However, others seem to go through life with no friends at all. They like to be alone, to travel by themselves or to do their own things. It’s a pity that few of these people find success in life because they have no friends. They lack the best gift in life-friendship. 14．What can we learn about acquaintances from the passage? A．You seldom meet them in your life. B．Not all of them can become your friends. C．They are sure to become your good friends. D．They have all of the same interests as you do. 15．You may get to know the meaning of friendship better when you ______. A．get into trouble B．see your friend often C．go to the same school as your friend D．enjoy the same kind of music as your friend 16．According to the passage, we can know that ______. A．it’s easier to lose a friend than to get one B．people without friends are always successful C．it doesn’t matter whether one has friends or not D．people with bright personality are easy to have friends 17．What does the underlined word “skin-deep” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Very deep. B．Not deep at all. C．As precious as skin. D．Hidden under the skin. 18．What is the author’s attitude towards people without friends in their life? A．Interested. B．Angry. C．Hopeful. D．Regretful. 【答案】14．B 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．D 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了友谊是人类体验人生价值的唯一途径。你可以在困难的经历中体验什么是真正的友谊，有些友谊是表面的，但是没有朋友的人是令人遗憾的。 14．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although some people develop many acquaintances, only a few become their good friends in their lifetime because there are differences between acquaintances and friends.”可知， 虽然有些人结识了许多熟人，只有少数熟人能在他们的生活中成为他们的好朋友，因为熟人和朋友之间存在有差异。可知，不是所有的熟人都能成为你的朋友。故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A “friend” today may probably become a “true friend” tomorrow when they get involved in unexpected circumstances together with you — for example, when you are going through a difficult experience and your friend is there to help you out. However, some acquaintances might leave you when you badly need their help. At this time, you can experience what true friendship is.”可知，今天的“朋友”可能明天就会变成“真正的朋友”，因为他们会和你一起经历一些意想不到的事情——例如，当你正在经历一段困难的经历时，你的朋友会帮助你走出困境。然而，一些熟人可能会在你急需他们的帮助时离开你。在这个时候，你可以体验什么是真正的友谊。由此可知，当你陷入困境时，你可能会更了解友谊的意义。故选A项。 16．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In our life, some people seem to go through life with plenty of friends. They may be funny or they may have a bright and pleasant personality. ”可知，在我们的生活中，有些人似乎一辈子都有很多朋友。他们可能是有趣的，或者他们可能有一个开朗和令人愉快的性格。由此可知，性格开朗的人很容易交到很多朋友。故选D项。 17．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“But when they go through challenging life experiences, some of their friends are not there to help them. Therefore we can say some of their friends are not real friends and their friendship is just skin-deep.”可知，但当他们经历人生的挑战时，他们的一些朋友并没有帮助他们。因此，我们可以说他们的一些朋友不是真正的朋友，他们的友谊只是_______。根据描述有一些朋友没有帮助他们，不是真正的朋友，可推断他们的友谊只是表面的，因此划线词的意思为“表面的，肤浅的，轻微的”。故选B项。 18．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s a pity that few of these people find success in life because they have no friends. They lack the best gift in life — friendship.” 可知，遗憾的是，这些人很少在生活中取得成功，因为他们没有朋友。他们缺少生命中最好的礼物——友谊。可知，作者认为生活中有的人没有朋友是令人遗憾的。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·天津河北·期末）McCormick Place in Chicago, the largest convention center (会议中心) in North America, is covered in glass that is enjoyable for humans but deadly for birds. On Oct 5, over 1,000 migrating birds died from colliding with (相撞) its glass walls in a single day. According to data from Cornell University, the number of birds killed there during that one night is roughly equal to the typical yearly bird collision deaths at the building. One key reason for the accident is the glass. During the day, birds fly toward glass as it reflects a perfect image of the sky and nearby trees. As night falls, the bright light from glass buildings attracts birds who fly according to the location of the moon and stars. The recent collision happened on the night of Oct 5, when the lights in the building were on for an event. After colliding with a building, many birds will die on the spot from a broken skull. Others may continue to fly for some distance, but they rarely survive for more than a few hours, as Brendon Samuels, who researches bird window collisions at the University of Western Ontario, Canada, told The Guardian. Every year, nearly one billion birds collide with glass in the US, according to the US Fish and Wildlife Service. In China, bird collisions are not uncommon, either. In the autumn of 2022 and spring of 2023, the National Anti-bird Collisions Action Alliance reported a total of 190 cases of bird collisions, which included several types of birds listed as second-class protected wildlife. These tragedies (悲剧) could have been avoided if appropriate (合适的) measures had been taken. Many places around the world have already put forward bird-related guidelines on building design. These include reducing the use of glass in building walls and applying bird-friendly materials and visual markers (视觉标记) to the buildings’ walls. Turning off lights at night during migration seasons can also significantly help reduce bird collisions. Alongside guidelines on bird-friendly building design, people can also do their bit to help birds by putting stickers (贴纸) on glass windows in their homes and closing the curtains at night. 11．What do we know about the bird collision event that happened in Chicago on Oct 5? A．It happened during the day. B．About 10,000 birds were killed. C．McCormick Place closed because of it. D．The building`s glass is a key cause of it. 12．According to the passage, what happens to the birds after they collide with buildings? A．Many die instantly or within a few hours due to injuries. B．They fly back to where they came from. C．They will be rescued and rehabilitated. D．Most survive but with minor injuries. 13．What are the typical characteristics of bird-building collisions? A．Common and harmful to birds. B．Unavoidable and friendly to birds. C．Rare and damaged to both birds and buildings. D．Infrequent and preventable to both birds and buildings. 14．What measure is suggested to help prevent bird collisions? A．Building taller structures. B．Painting buildings in bright colors. C．Increasing lighting around buildings at night. D．Reducing glass and adding bird-safe materials in buildings. 15．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The effects of closing curtains at night on bird migration. B．The National Anti-bird Collisions Action Alliance report. C．The tragedy of bird collision with building glass. D．The largest convention center in North America. 【答案】11．D 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了芝加哥的麦考密克广场(McCormick Place)是北美最大的会议中心，它被玻璃覆盖，对人类来说是愉快的，但对鸟类来说却是致命的。10月5日，一天之内就有1000多只候鸟因撞上玻璃墙而死亡。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On Oct 5, over 1,000 migrating birds died from colliding with (相撞) its glass walls in a single day.”（10月5日，一天之内就有1000多只候鸟因撞上玻璃墙而死亡。）以及第三段中“One key reason for the accident is the glass.”（事故的一个关键原因是玻璃。）可知，关于10月5日发生在芝加哥的撞鸟事件，我们知道大楼的玻璃是造成这种现象的主要原因。故选D项。 12．细节理解题。根据第四段“After colliding with a building, many birds will die on the spot from a broken skull. Others may continue to fly for some distance, but they rarely survive for more than a few hours, as Brendon Samuels, who researches bird window collisions at the University of Western Ontario, Canada, told The Guardian.”（在与建筑物相撞后，许多鸟会因头骨破裂而当场死亡。其他的可能会继续飞行一段距离，但它们很少能存活超过几个小时，加拿大西安大略大学研究鸟窗碰撞的布兰登·塞缪尔斯告诉《卫报》。）可知，根据文章，鸟儿与建筑物相撞后会，许多鸟因受伤而当场死亡或在几小时内死亡。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据第五段“Every year, nearly one billion birds collide with glass in the US, according to the US Fish and Wildlife Service. In China, bird collisions are not uncommon, either.  In the autumn of 2022 and spring of 2023, the National Anti-bird Collisions Action Alliance reported a total of 190 cases of bird collisions, which included several types of birds listed as second-class protected wildlife.”（根据美国鱼类和野生动物管理局的数据，美国每年有近10亿只鸟与玻璃相撞。在中国，撞鸟事件也屡见不鲜。在2022年秋季和2023年春季，国家反鸟类碰撞行动联盟报告了总共190起鸟类碰撞事件，其中包括几种被列为二级保护野生动物的鸟类。）可推知，鸟类建筑碰撞的典型特征是常见且对鸟类有害。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“These tragedies (悲剧) could have been avoided if appropriate (合适的) measures had been taken. Many places around the world have already put forward bird-related guidelines on building design. These include reducing the use of glass in building walls and applying bird-friendly materials and visual markers (视觉标记) to the buildings’ walls.”（如果采取了适当的措施，这些悲剧本来是可以避免的。世界上许多地方已经提出了与鸟类有关的建筑设计准则。这些措施包括减少在建筑墙壁上使用玻璃，并在建筑墙壁上使用对鸟类友好的材料和视觉标记。）可知，建议采取在建筑物中减少玻璃并增加鸟类安全材料等措施来防止鸟类碰撞。故选D项。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“McCormick Place in Chicago, the largest convention center (会议中心) in North America, is covered in glass that is enjoyable for humans but deadly for birds. On Oct 5, over 1,000 migrating birds died from colliding with (相撞) its glass walls in a single day.”（芝加哥的麦考密克广场(McCormick Place)是北美最大的会议中心，它被玻璃覆盖，对人类来说是愉快的，但对鸟类来说却是致命的。10月5日，一天之内就有1000多只候鸟因撞上玻璃墙而死亡。）可知，文章主要讲的是鸟撞建筑玻璃的悲剧。故选C项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下天津·期中）Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts (电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts. As three deer nervously come to a lake on screen, comments on the live TV program flood in. “Go on!”; “Jump in!”; “They’re beautiful!” The program Den stora älgvandringen has attracted a large community that watches and comments on the animals’ every move. Den stora älgvandringen is another example of the so-called “slow TV”, where things are just left to happen at their own pace (节奏). Broadcast for a few weeks each spring on TV and online, the video is recorded in real time from a control room lined with screens. Teams work day and night to offer different viewpoints from 30 cameras, some of which can be controlled from a distance. “We can’t decide what happens. We don’t want everything to be perfect. I mean that this is nature and anything can happen. And we really want to show what it is like,” producer Johan Erhag said. “On all the social media, most things are very stressful. There’s a lot of music in programs. There’s a lot of speaking. But this program is the totally opposite way.” A hunter in his spare time, Persson said he enjoys the slow and natural pace of the show. “It’s kind of calming and also interesting. It’s basically wind blowing and you are waiting for something hopefully to show up. You might think that a day spent waiting would be a day lost but it’s not. Instead, it could be an activity that is quite healthy for more people,” Persson said. “After watching the program, I find there are many things to look at and feel about nature,” Anders Lindberg, a columnist said. “The whole idea of sitting and watching nothing happening for hours in nature is wonderful. We can practice meditation (冥想), which ] think for many people is something they lack in big cities. Nature could be a powerful tool used to bridge the gap between the mind and the body, making us feel close to the world around us.” 16．What is special about Den stora älgvandringen? A．It features animals’ fun activities. B．It follows wild animals’ life in a natural way. C．It records animal experiments in natural settings. D．It uses digital sound effects to impress the viewers. 17．What does Persson say about the program? A．It teaches him to protect animals. B．It gives him a sense of achievement. C．It brings him pleasure and relaxation. D．It causes him to pay attention to health. 18．How can the program benefit people according to Anders Lindberg? A．By showing humans’ role in wildlife care. B．By raising their interest in outdoor activities. C．By speeding up local tourism development. D．By encouraging a deeper connection with nature. 19．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sweden calls for wildlife protection. B．A realistic nature TV show attracts attention. C．The beauty of Swedish forests comes into sight. D．Directors show their creativity in a slow TV program. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了瑞典的一项名为“Den stora älgvandringen”的慢电视节目。这个节目使用数十台摄像机在瑞典的大森林中拍摄，连续数周实时直播野鹿和其他野生动物的画面。这个节目吸引了大量观众，他们观看并评论动物的每一个动作。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts(电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts.(在瑞典的大森林里放置了了数十台摄像机，对鹿和其他野生动物进行了长达数周的直播，抓住了瑞典观众的心。)”以及第二段“Den stora älgvandringen is another example of the so-called “slow TV”, where things are just left to happen at their own pace (节奏). Broadcast for a few weeks each spring on TV and online, the video is recorded in real time from a control room lined with screens. Teams work day and night to offer different viewpoints from 30 cameras, some of which can be controlled from a distance. “We can’t decide what happens. We don’t want everything to be perfect. I mean that this is nature and anything can happen. And we really want to show what it is like,” producer Johan Erhag said. (Den stora älgvandringen是所谓的“慢电视”的另一个例子，在那里事情只是按照自己的节奏发生。每年春天在电视和网络上播放几周，视频是在一个布满屏幕的控制室里实时录制的。团队夜以继日地工作，通过30台摄像机提供不同的视角，其中一些可以从远处控制。“我们无法决定会发生什么。我们不希望一切都是完美的。我的意思是，这是自然规律，任何事情都可能发生。我们真的很想展示它是什么样的，”制片人Johan Erhag说。)”可知，Den stora älgvandringen这档节目以一种自然的方式记录了野生动物的生活。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A hunter in his spare time, Persson said he enjoys the slow and natural pace of the show. “It’s kind of calming and also interesting. It’s basically wind blowing and you are waiting for something hopefully to show up. You might think that a day spent waiting would be a day lost but it’s not. Instead, it could be an activity that is quite healthy for more people,” Persson said. (Persson是一名业余猎人，他说他喜欢这个节目缓慢而自然的节奏。“这是一种平静，也很有趣。基本上就是风在吹，你在等待有希望的东西出现。你可能会认为等待一天就等于浪费了一天，但事实并非如此。相反，它可能是一项对更多人来说非常健康的活动。” Persson说。)”可知，Persson喜欢这个节目缓慢而自然的节奏，认为这档节目让人开心而且感到放松。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““After watching the program, I find there are many things to look at and feel about nature,” Anders Lindberg, a columnist said. “The whole idea of sitting and watching nothing happening for hours in nature is wonderful. We can practice meditation (冥想), which ] think for many people is something they lack in big cities. Nature could be a powerful tool used to bridge the gap between the mind and the body, making us feel close to the world around us.”(专栏作家Anders Lindberg说：“看完这个节目，我发现大自然有很多东西可以看，可以感受。在大自然中坐着几个小时，什么都不发生，这种想法太棒了。我们可以练习冥想，对很多人来说，这是他们在大城市所缺乏的。大自然可以成为一个强大的工具，用来弥合心灵和身体之间的鸿沟，让我们感觉更接近我们周围的世界。”)”可知，Anders Lindberg任务这档节目可以帮助人们弥合心灵和身体之间的鸿沟，让我们感觉更接近我们周围的世界。故选D。 19．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts(电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts. As three deer nervously come to a lake on screen, comments on the live TV program flood in. “Go on!”; “Jump in!”; “They’re beautiful!” The program Den stora älgvandringen has attracted a large community that watches and comments on the animals’ every move.(在瑞典的大森林里放置了了数十台摄像机，对鹿和其他野生动物进行了长达数周的直播，抓住了瑞典观众的心。当三只鹿紧张地来到屏幕上的一个湖边时，电视直播节目的评论如潮水般涌来。“继续！”“跳！”“真漂亮！”Den stora älgvandringen这个节目吸引了一大群人来观看和评论这些动物的一举一动。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是Den stora älgvandringen这个节目通过直播野生动物的生活吸引了一大群人来观看和评论这些动物的一举一动。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04阅读理解（议论文、新闻报道） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）In 1999, Google hired its 53rd employee called Charlie Ayers. This employee was unique. He didn’t develop software, nor did he have business knowledge. In fact, he just worked for a famous band. But Charlie won a cooking competition held by the company. Then, he became the company’s chef. He would help Google feed its employees. Since then, Google’s policy of free snacks has been copied. This policy may make sense for some companies since employees don’t need to travel far to eat. The companies think it can also improve traffic during lunch hour. But firms’ free-snack policy has been attacked by politicians. They believe it extremely reduces the number of customers of local restaurants, which causes many of them to break down and eventually harms the relevant industries. So officials are preventing Facebook opening a canteen at its new campus. There have been many theories explaining what motivates firms to provide free snacks. Some argue it’s a firm’s dirty trick to keep workers working for longer hours. Others argue it’s about helping the firm attract talents. Still others say rich firms are just generous and that their generosity, in turn, makes their workers happier and more productive. All of these may contribute to the firms’ free snacks. Google says its food system is about promoting teamwork and creativity. The idea is that it provides chances to bond and exchange ideas when employees randomly meet and eat together. This. they believe, encourages creativity. While free snacks might increase the amount of time employees spend in the office, the theory that it increases creativity lacks evidence. Actually, evidence suggests unlimited candy and chips in the break room will affect people’s cognitive (认知的) performance, which might eventually prevent workers from thinking intelligently. It’s no wonder that some Google’s competitors rejected the food policy. If companies want workers to exchange ideas, regular meals can make it. A better food system for companies is one where workers would be given a gift card for food purchases. Some colleges have a similar food system, which offers discount to fruit and vegetables and places an extra cost on junk food — junk food, after all, could end up increasing the company’s health insurance bills. There’s no such thing as a free lunch. The same is true for snacks. 1．Why does the author mention Charlie Ayers in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the background of the passage. B．To expand understanding of the topic. C．To lead into the topic of the passage. D．To show the structure of the passage. 2．What do politicians think of firms’ free-snack policy? A．It does increase the employees’ creativity. B．It’s beneficial to local transportation. C．It brings negative effect on local restaurants. D．It strengthens the unity of the firms’ employees. 3．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The importance of the free-snack policy. B．The possible causes of some firms’ free-snack policy. C．The benefits of free-snack policy to workers. D．The oppositions to the free-snack policy. 4．Why do some companies decline the free snack policy? A．They think it weakens employees’ creativity. B．They consider it a big financial burden. C．They are unaware of its positive influence. D．They find it unattractive to many employees. 5．Which of the following will the author agree with? A．Companies should increase their insurance bills on workers. B．Colleges’ food systems tend to be superior to companies’. C．Free snacks are unnecessary in the companies. D．A good food system can give discounts to any food. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Have you ever heard of the term “seasonal color analysis”? It is a personal styling tool that helps people find colors that match their natural features, such as skin tone, hair color and eye color. This method divides people into four categories (类别) — spring, summer, autumn and winter — each with a matching set of colors to help them look better. The process was so complicated that it took me an entire weekend just to figure out which season I belong to. Finally, the tool stated that I am a “summer person” and picked the “right” colors for my hair and clothes. But then came the next challenge: I spent nearly eight hours and over 2,000 yuan at the barbershop. Beauty seems to be an increasingly time-consuming, expensive and exhausting effort. The term fu meiyi (服美役), or beauty duty, was even created to describe this phenomenon and has gained popularity on Chinese social media. Many people debate what should be considered part of beauty duty. Some argue that things like having long hair, wearing makeup, and spending money on fashion are unnecessary and that women should abandon these frivolities (无聊之事) to focus on building their wealth and status. Others believe that women buy clothes and makeup simply because they enjoy them, not because they are trying to be liked by men. From my perspective, to some extent, we are all influenced by beauty duty because our views of beauty are inevitably (不可避免地) shaped by society’s unrealistic beauty standards. These ideas often promote a single, narrow definition of beauty that is difficult — if not impossible — for people to achieve. Take me, for example. I love the color black, but according to seasonal color analysis, it doesn’t suit me. To appear more “beautiful”, I should give up wearing black and only wear light-colored clothing. This so-called beauty standard ignores personal preferences and limits self-expression. Furthermore, it ignores the variety of beauty in the world. People come in all shapes, sizes and colors. True beauty should be about accepting and celebrating these differences, not forcing everyone to follow a single standard. I believe people should be free to dress however they like, as long as it makes them happy. However, we must be aware of how beauty standards are created and forced on us, shaping the way we present ourselves — often without us even realizing it. 6．What does seasonal color analysis help people determine? A．The colors that suit them best. B．Personality traits linked to color choices. C．The most popular colors for each season. D．Clothing styles based on their favorite colors. 7．Why does the author mention her experience at the barbershop? A．To highlight the cost of beauty. B．To criticize seasonal color analysis. C．To describe an unpleasant makeover. D．To explain her personal beauty choices. 8．What does the author believe about beauty standards? A．They restrict self-improvement. B．They should embrace diversity. C．They encourage social competition. D．They are based on wealth and status. 9．What does the author suggest people do? A．Prioritize comfort over style. B．Avoid following fashion trends. C．Be open to society’s beauty standards. D．Dress in a way that makes them happy. 10．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Digging deep into Fashion Trends B．Feeling Trapped in Beauty’s Cage C．Decoding Seasonal Color Analysis D．Saving Money on Beauty Routines 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期中）Automated kitchens aren’t sci-fi scenes from shows like Star Trek. Right now, robots are used to fry chicken, create pizzas, prepare salads and much more. AI can invent recipes (食谱) based on what a kitchen has. More advanced concepts are in development to automate kitchens for fine dining. Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technologies. Over time, prices are likely to fall enough for the home market, changing how homes and society work. The benefits of AI kitchens include enabling cooks to avoid boring tasks such as peeling potatoes or standing at a workstation for hours. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand. However, there are risks to human well-being. Cooking is a good activity that helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits could be diminished (减少) if the human element becomes unnecessary. Family relationships might suffer without the collaborative (协作的) kitchen environment. Furthermore, the kitchen serves as the household’s science laboratory, playing an important role in science education. The art of cooking helps kids learn about materials, chemistry and problem-solving. Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often stereotypes or oversimplifies cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse dishes. Relying too heavily on technology in meal creation may result in a lack of variety, leading to a sameness in taste. That’s akin (类似的) to the strangely similar feel of AI art images across different apps. Convenience can come at a great cost, so it’s important to consider the possible social disruptions (扰乱) that new technologies might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives. 1．What makes AI kitchen technologies an early choice for businesses like restaurants? A．Being able to afford the high costs. B．Being specifically designed for them. C．Reducing the need for human workers. D．Improving communication among staff. 2．What potential benefit of AI kitchens is mentioned in the passage? A．Meeting various tastes. B．Saving money on food. C．Reducing kitchen waste. D．Improving family relationships. 3．What educational role does the kitchen play according to the passage? A．Cultural learning center. B．Nutrition learning environment. C．Artistic skills development space. D．Science lab for materials and chemistry. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward AI kitchens? A．The author doesn’t agree with the use of AI in kitchens. B．The author is completely in favor of AI in kitchens. C．The author is careful about using AI in kitchens. D．The author doesn’t care about AI in kitchens. 5．What’s the best title for this passage? A．AI in the Kitchen: Benefits and Risks B．Robots: The New Chefs in Restaurants C．The Impact of AI vs. Family Relationships D．Traditional Cooking Methods vs. Technology Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津河东·期中）Thomas, 13, and his friends Mark and Josh had a fantastic idea. Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）? At first, it was great fun. Then Mark stumbled（绊倒）, landing directly on Thomas’s leg. Thomas howled in pain. Even if you’ve never been injured on a trampoline, chances are you know someone who has. There were nearly 95,000 trampoline-related injuries, in 2012 alone. These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never. “This is not a toy. It’s a piece of equipment,” says Dr. Michele LaBotz, an author of the AAPstudy. Indeed, when trampolines were invented in the 1930s, they were intended for use by professional acrobats（杂技演员）. Over time, trampolines caught on with the public, and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use. Part of trampolines’ appeal is that despite the risks, they provide good exercise. You get a heart-pumping aerobic（有氧的） workout, like you do when running or dancing. And young people need all the exercise they can get. Still, trampolines can be dangerous — and not just for kids who fall off. Kids are also getting hurt on the springs and when they strike against each other. Serious injuries to the head and neck have been reported. One out of every 200 trampoline injuries leads to permanent brain damage. Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk. Kids fall off bikes and skateboards all the time. As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves. For instance: Never allow more than one person on a trampoline at a time. （About 75 percent of injuries result from having multiple jumpers at once.） And always have adult supervision. 6．According to the 2012 study by the AAP, ________. A．kids can protect themselves on a trampoline B．trampolines shouldn’t be used for entertainment C．trampolines are more popular among young kids D．kids shouldn’t trampoline without adult supervision 7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Trampolines were used to train the public. B．People realized the danger of trampolining. C．Trampolines became popular among the public. D．People worried about kids playing on trampolines. 8．What’s the author’s attitude towards trampolining? A．Uncertain. B．Unconcerned. C．Opposed. D．Objective. 9．The text is mainly about ________. A．the history of trampolines B．why kids shouldn’t trampoline C．the advantages of trampolining D．whether kids should trampoline 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）“Thank you for your email, I have left to pursue my dream of crocheting (钩编) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office...until my penguin friends are happy.” This is part of an email received by a Chinese student studying in the UK from her tutor, which has recently gone viral online. You may find this email surprising, but knitting sweaters for penguins is a real act of kindness. The idea was started by the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks in Australia. The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. When little penguins became covered in oil, they tried to clean themselves with their beaks (喙), but eating the oil could be fatal. The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters worldwide to make sweaters for affected penguins. These sweaters could keep the penguins warm during the cleaning process and stop them from eating the oil. The method has proven effective. In 2001, another oil spill occurred near Phillip Island. Thanks to the sweaters, 96 percent of the affected penguins were successfully saved. However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins' bodies. In response, the foundation explained that the sweaters are only a short-term solution and will not be used once the penguins recover. To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate (合适的) clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By telling a joke. B．By describing an email. C．By introducing a tutor. D．By quoting a famous saying. 2．What does the underlined word “fatal” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Deadly. B．Common. C．Difficult. D．Temporary. 3．Why was the project of knitting sweaters for penguins started? A．To make penguins look cute. B．To protect penguins from the cold. C．To help penguins affected by oil spills. D．To raise awareness of climate change. 4．What concern have some bird protection groups raised about the penguin sweaters? A．The sweaters are too expensive to produce. B．The sweaters make penguins less visible to predators. C．The sweaters might cause long-term stress for penguins. D．The sweaters are not effective in keeping penguins warm. 5．What does the Penguin Foundation say about the knitting project? A．It will be a long-term solution. B．It brings unexpected benefits. C．It inspires a global love of knitting. D．It requires strict size guidelines. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津·期中）We talk a lot about air pollution. Here in Hong Kong we always complain about light pollution as well. Then, there is noise pollution. It’s the same in many cities around the world. In Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, people have been complaining about/the noise made by drivers who continually sound their car horns (喇). That is until recently, when something was finally done about it. ‘The Chief District Officer of Kathmandu had received many. complaints about horn pollution. He said that everyone felt the use of the car horn in recent years had become excessive. Researchers in Kathmandu found that for about 80 percent of the time, it really was not necessary for drivers to use their car horns. Sounding the horn to make a noise had become more of a habit. It was no longer being used as it was supposed to be used: to warn people of danger. At the beginning of the Nepali New Year in 2017, the local government passed a law to ban the use of car horns unless used correctly. Within six months, 11,000 fines (罚款) had been collected by the local traffic police. The fine was about HK S360. A taxi driver in Kathmandu can make about HK S1,000 per day, so he could lose about one-third of his money it he broke the law. As usual, there were many complaints from drivers. They said that cows and dogs were free to walk on the roads. They always caused danger. Sounding a car horn was the only way to get them to move out of the way. And although there were quite a few traffic lights in the streets of Kathmandu, very few of them worked. This meant there was often a traffic mess. The ban on using a car horn went ahead, and within a few weeks the streets of Nepal’s capital were quieter-even though they were still just as busy. Because of the ban, drivers are a little more careful when they drive. Fewer accidents have been reported. The local government says the horn ban will now be copied in other areas of Nepal. 6．What do Hong Kong and Kathmandu have in common? A．Both have been troubled by factory pollution. B．Both have succeeded in fighting air pollution. C．Both have been faced with the problem of noise pollution. D．Both have received many complaints about horn pollution. 7．What do the Researchers in Kathmandu found? A．Car drivers usually use car horns unnecessarily. B．The cars are becoming more and more. C．Care drivers use car horns as a warning. D．Everyone complain about the horn pollution. 8．When was the law on the use of car horns passed? A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2018. D．In 2019. 9．What will you find if you go to Kathmandu? A．No traffic lights in the streets can work. B．The traffic on the roads is not very smooth. C．Animals are not allowed to walk on the streets. D．Drivers are required to drive on one-way streets. 10．What can we guess about Kathmandu’s horn ban? A．It is useful. B．It is worrying. C．It is interesting. D．It is embarrassing. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers advise “Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience.” How right they were! “Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.” Wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste (粘合剂) that helps you hang on there when the going gets tough. It is the inner voice that whispers, “I can do it!” When others shout, “No, you can’t!” It took years and years for the early work of Barbara Mclintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn’t stop working on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping. We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach. As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped (驼背的) shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As author and poet Samuel Ulman once wrote, “Years wrinkle (起皱纹) the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.” Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or title or power. Patricia Mellratl, a retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, “My father, long ago, told me, I never made a fortune until I stopped working for money.” If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended periods of depression that troubled her for at least 30 years and the quality of her work led one critic to say, “I am tempted into a genius.” We can’t afford to waste tears on “might-have-been”. We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be”. We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow. 11．The author holds the view that _______. A．enthusiasm is more important than experience B．enthusiasm can give people more success and fame C．enthusiastic people will never get old D．enthusiasm can make you succeed and enjoy life 12．The author mentions cellist Pablo Casals in the third paragraph to show that _______. A．enthusiasm can make people feel young B．music can arouse people’s enthusiasm C．enthusiasm can give people inspiration needed to succeed D．enthusiasm can keep people healthy 13．According to the passage, what can we learn about Elizabeth Layton Wellsville? A．She started drawing at the age of 38. B．Drawing helped her get rid of depression. C．Her drawings were not well-received. D．She made a living by drawing. 14．How many examples are given in the passage to show the importance of enthusiasm? A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five 15．Which proverb may the writer agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Good beginning makes a good ending. B．Don’t cry over the spoiled milk. C．Love me, love my dog. D．All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津·期中）Think about things around you when you get up in the morning: the alarm clock, toothbrush, toile, coffee maker, and shower heads… What do these things have in common? They are all inventions. They come in all shapes, sizes and varieties. And their inventors were from diverse backgrounds. Sure, many scientists have made discoveries and turned those discoveries into inventions. However, that doesn’t mean you must be a scientist to be an inventor. We often hear that necessity is the mother of invention, and it means that people often identify one of their needs and then try to meet that need. Sometimes the only way to meet that need is to invent a new product! Think about all of the musical instruments in the world. Now think of all the products that go along with those instruments. Instead of scientists, many of those products were invented by musicians. They discovered a need and then invented a product to satisfy it. They may have thought scientifically about the product. They may have had help from a scientist, but many people have shown that inventors can come from any background. Non-scientific approaches can help develop new inventions. Although thinking scientifically is often a necessity, it can also be helpful to think out of the box. We often get used to doing things the same way and thinking that some ideas won’t work, which makes us stop thinking about new things. But if we keep thinking, we might discover something amazing. That is why some inventors can come from a variety of non-scientific backgrounds. For example a poet and an astronomer both look at the sky, but they see it differently. The poet might have ideas about a problem the astronomer would never consider. See? You don’t have to be a scientist to be an inventor. Somehow, everyone can invent something. 16．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Inventions can be made by anyone, not just scientists. B．Inventions are mainly the result of scientific discoveries. C．Inventors must have scientific backgrounds. D．Inventors is good at inventing daily things. 17．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Remember. B．Invent. C．Find. D．Develop. 18．The writer mentioned the invention of musical instruments in order to show ______. A．the need for a solution leads to invention B．music is very important in our lives C．inventions come from scientific thinking D．music can help scientists become inventors 19．What does the writer mean by saying “thinking out of the box” in Paragraph 4? A．It is helpful for people to keep thinking. B．It is not important for people to think scientifically. C．People need to think about things in new, different ways. D．People need to get used to doing things the same way. 20．By writing the passage, what may the writer want to tell us? A．We should take a look at the sky. B．It’s not easy to write a piece of music. C．We should try to solve scientific problems. D．It’s possible for everyone to invent things. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·天津·期中）Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text. In fact, more and more students use technology for written communication in their lives. Even so, research shows that teaching handwriting skills has its benefits. However, are the benefits worth spending valuable classroom time in teaching handwriting skills when students could be learning more about computer keyboarding? States across the country have good reasons to require students to learn computer keyboarding skills. For one, students are learning technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also the better a student’s computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that a student has to become a better writer. Computer tools such as the grammar and spell check make correcting quick and easy, although not 100% accurate (准确的). With these and many other tools, students gain important computer skills. Furthermore, students no longer have to worry about their writing being graded poorly by teachers. All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction. Still, the advantages of computer keyboarding skills may not be enough to leave handwriting instruction in the dust. Marlena Hamilton, professor of neurology at University of Pennsylvania, did an experiment with her co-workers to study what happens in students’ brains when writing. They found that many of the areas of the brain light up. These are the same areas that are used to learn to read. They then wondered if the same would be true when students looked at letters on a keyboard. “What we found, “she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just look at letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.” Schools across the nation are looking at the evidence and deciding what to do. William McIntyre, a reading coach at Sunshine Elementary School in Albany, New York, says, “What we have learned from the research is that learning handwriting benefits students educationally. What we also know is that students need to be taught keyboarding skills. Now, it is up to each school to make a decision. 10．From the first paragraph, we can know that _______. A．students don’t want to learn handwriting skills any more B．students don’t like communicating with friends in person C．students’ communicating by technology is more and more common D．students spend more time in playing computer games than before 11．What does the second paragraph mainly want to show? A．The roles of computer tools. B．The advantages of computer keyboarding skills. C．The importance of communication skills. D．The necessity of developing writing skills. 12．What’s the author’s attitude to students’ learning keyboarding skills? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Supportive. 13．What can the result of Hamilton’s experiment show? A．Keyboarding skills are very useful. B．Handwriting is helpful for students to learn. C．Keyboarding makes our brain more active. D．Handwriting is more difficult than keyboarding. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·天津河北·期中）Some people say that friendship is the only channel through which human beings can ever experience the value of life. In our daily life, it is likely that you share some common interests with others-they may like the same sport, go to the same school or like the same kind of music as you do. Since you often meet them, they become your acquaintances（相识的人）. Although some people develop many acquaintances, only a few become their good friends in their lifetime because there are differences between acquaintances and friends. It is said that true friendship begins when someone knows what you are really like, but still likes you anyway. A true friend shows loyalty（忠诚）from the very beginning of the relationship. A friend will go through challenges to help you without expecting anything in return. A “friend” today may probably become a “true friend” tomorrow when they get involved in unexpected circumstances（条件）together with you-for example, when you are going through a difficult experience and your friend is there to help you out. However, some acquaintances might leave you when you badly need their help. At this time, you can experience what true friendship is. In our life, some people seem to go through life with plenty of friends. They may be funny or they may have a bright and pleasant personality（性格）. For these people, wherever they go, people seem to like them and welcome their company. But when they go through challenging life experiences, some of their friends are not there to help them. Therefore we can say some of their friends are not real friends and their friendship is just skin-deep. However, others seem to go through life with no friends at all. They like to be alone, to travel by themselves or to do their own things. It’s a pity that few of these people find success in life because they have no friends. They lack the best gift in life-friendship. 14．What can we learn about acquaintances from the passage? A．You seldom meet them in your life. B．Not all of them can become your friends. C．They are sure to become your good friends. D．They have all of the same interests as you do. 15．You may get to know the meaning of friendship better when you ______. A．get into trouble B．see your friend often C．go to the same school as your friend D．enjoy the same kind of music as your friend 16．According to the passage, we can know that ______. A．it’s easier to lose a friend than to get one B．people without friends are always successful C．it doesn’t matter whether one has friends or not D．people with bright personality are easy to have friends 17．What does the underlined word “skin-deep” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Very deep. B．Not deep at all. C．As precious as skin. D．Hidden under the skin. 18．What is the author’s attitude towards people without friends in their life? A．Interested. B．Angry. C．Hopeful. D．Regretful. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·天津河北·期末）McCormick Place in Chicago, the largest convention center (会议中心) in North America, is covered in glass that is enjoyable for humans but deadly for birds. On Oct 5, over 1,000 migrating birds died from colliding with (相撞) its glass walls in a single day. According to data from Cornell University, the number of birds killed there during that one night is roughly equal to the typical yearly bird collision deaths at the building. One key reason for the accident is the glass. During the day, birds fly toward glass as it reflects a perfect image of the sky and nearby trees. As night falls, the bright light from glass buildings attracts birds who fly according to the location of the moon and stars. The recent collision happened on the night of Oct 5, when the lights in the building were on for an event. After colliding with a building, many birds will die on the spot from a broken skull. Others may continue to fly for some distance, but they rarely survive for more than a few hours, as Brendon Samuels, who researches bird window collisions at the University of Western Ontario, Canada, told The Guardian. Every year, nearly one billion birds collide with glass in the US, according to the US Fish and Wildlife Service. In China, bird collisions are not uncommon, either. In the autumn of 2022 and spring of 2023, the National Anti-bird Collisions Action Alliance reported a total of 190 cases of bird collisions, which included several types of birds listed as second-class protected wildlife. These tragedies (悲剧) could have been avoided if appropriate (合适的) measures had been taken. Many places around the world have already put forward bird-related guidelines on building design. These include reducing the use of glass in building walls and applying bird-friendly materials and visual markers (视觉标记) to the buildings’ walls. Turning off lights at night during migration seasons can also significantly help reduce bird collisions. Alongside guidelines on bird-friendly building design, people can also do their bit to help birds by putting stickers (贴纸) on glass windows in their homes and closing the curtains at night. 11．What do we know about the bird collision event that happened in Chicago on Oct 5? A．It happened during the day. B．About 10,000 birds were killed. C．McCormick Place closed because of it. D．The building`s glass is a key cause of it. 12．According to the passage, what happens to the birds after they collide with buildings? A．Many die instantly or within a few hours due to injuries. B．They fly back to where they came from. C．They will be rescued and rehabilitated. D．Most survive but with minor injuries. 13．What are the typical characteristics of bird-building collisions? A．Common and harmful to birds. B．Unavoidable and friendly to birds. C．Rare and damaged to both birds and buildings. D．Infrequent and preventable to both birds and buildings. 14．What measure is suggested to help prevent bird collisions? A．Building taller structures. B．Painting buildings in bright colors. C．Increasing lighting around buildings at night. D．Reducing glass and adding bird-safe materials in buildings. 15．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The effects of closing curtains at night on bird migration. B．The National Anti-bird Collisions Action Alliance report. C．The tragedy of bird collision with building glass. D．The largest convention center in North America. Passage 2 （23-24高一下天津·期中）Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts (电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts. As three deer nervously come to a lake on screen, comments on the live TV program flood in. “Go on!”; “Jump in!”; “They’re beautiful!” The program Den stora älgvandringen has attracted a large community that watches and comments on the animals’ every move. Den stora älgvandringen is another example of the so-called “slow TV”, where things are just left to happen at their own pace (节奏). Broadcast for a few weeks each spring on TV and online, the video is recorded in real time from a control room lined with screens. Teams work day and night to offer different viewpoints from 30 cameras, some of which can be controlled from a distance. “We can’t decide what happens. We don’t want everything to be perfect. I mean that this is nature and anything can happen. And we really want to show what it is like,” producer Johan Erhag said. “On all the social media, most things are very stressful. There’s a lot of music in programs. There’s a lot of speaking. But this program is the totally opposite way.” A hunter in his spare time, Persson said he enjoys the slow and natural pace of the show. “It’s kind of calming and also interesting. It’s basically wind blowing and you are waiting for something hopefully to show up. You might think that a day spent waiting would be a day lost but it’s not. Instead, it could be an activity that is quite healthy for more people,” Persson said. “After watching the program, I find there are many things to look at and feel about nature,” Anders Lindberg, a columnist said. “The whole idea of sitting and watching nothing happening for hours in nature is wonderful. We can practice meditation (冥想), which ] think for many people is something they lack in big cities. Nature could be a powerful tool used to bridge the gap between the mind and the body, making us feel close to the world around us.” 16．What is special about Den stora älgvandringen? A．It features animals’ fun activities. B．It follows wild animals’ life in a natural way. C．It records animal experiments in natural settings. D．It uses digital sound effects to impress the viewers. 17．What does Persson say about the program? A．It teaches him to protect animals. B．It gives him a sense of achievement. C．It brings him pleasure and relaxation. D．It causes him to pay attention to health. 18．How can the program benefit people according to Anders Lindberg? A．By showing humans’ role in wildlife care. B．By raising their interest in outdoor activities. C．By speeding up local tourism development. D．By encouraging a deeper connection with nature. 19．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sweden calls for wildlife protection. B．A realistic nature TV show attracts attention. C．The beauty of Swedish forests comes into sight. D．Directors show their creativity in a slow TV program. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $