专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（辽宁专用）（中考真题+中考模拟）-2026年辽宁中考英语总复习(语法+题型)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （辽宁专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 We have many ways to get close to nature, such as dancing in the rain, stepping on fallen leaves or digging in the soil, but my favourite is walking barefoot (赤脚). Walking barefoot can be enjoyable and helpful. It can help us sleep better and feel rested in mind and body. It can also build our foot muscles (肌肉) and improve our balance. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, walking barefoot can be good for our health. When you want to try walking barefoot, there’s no need to hurry. At first, walking barefoot for 10 minutes can be fine. After that, add 5 minutes every day until you can walk for 20 to 30 minutes. If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time. Walking barefoot, however, isn’t always safe. People with health problems like flat feet or back pain should avoid this practice. What’s more, walking barefoot in cold or wet environments might cause health problems. To make walking barefoot safe, remember the following points: ·Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand. ·Stay away from things like rocks or broken glass. ·Keep shoes at hand if you worry that your feet will get too sore. ·Listen to your body—stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Walking barefoot is a great way to feel connected with nature, but it’s important to stay safe and consider your own health condition. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s favourite way to get close to nature? A．Dancing in the rain. B．Stepping on fallen leaves. C．Digging in the soil. D．Walking without shoes on. 2．What does the underlined word “curtail” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell. B．Make. C．Value. D．Reduce. 3．According to the text, remember to ________ when you are walking barefoot. A．try a cold surface B．practice on hard rocks C．find a safe place D．walk in wet environments 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The introduction to health problems. B．The suggestions on outdoor activities. C．The information about walking barefoot. D．The effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 中考模拟真题练习 Were you surprised by the humanoid robots (人形机器人) performing the Yangko dance at this year’s Spring Festival Gala? Wait for it! There’s more. Some robots can even do front flips (前空翻)! These days, humanoid robots seem to be able to do almost everything. But what makes them so smart? The secret lies in artificial intelligence (AI) . Since 2022, big progress in AI has pushed humanoid robots to the next level. Companies are coming up with amazing technologies, like large language models. Language models, which power chatbots like ChatGPT, can also make robots smarter. They learn from tons of information and use the knowledge to help robots think. The depth camera in the robots is like their eyes. It helps robots understand what they see in photos and videos. This mix of language models and visual (视觉的) AI allows robots to know how things relate and interact (互动). This improves their ability to perform tasks. However, being smart isn’t enough. Robots also need to move well. In the past, even simple tasks like picking up an apple were hard for robots. These days, new technologies make them better. Using light but strong materials like carbon fiber makes robots strong and flexible (灵活的). Sensors (传感器) are like the robots’ senses. They help robots “see” and feel the things around them. Motors (发动机) are like the robots’ muscles. They help robots move easily. Humanoid robots are becoming more and more popular and starting to enter all areas of our lives. They still have a lot of room for development in the future and will definitely become even more amazing! Some people predict that by 2035, the market value of humanoid robots could reach 276. 9 billion yuan. 1．Which of the following makes the robots move well? ①Sensors        ②The depth camera    ③Light but strong materials ④Language models    ⑤Motors A．①②③ B．②③④ C．③④⑤ D．①③⑤ 2．What does the underlined word “they” in the fifth paragraph refer to? A．robots B．sensors C．motors D．materials 3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Humanoid robots aren’t smart enough. B．New technologies help robots move better. C．Light but strong materials are very important. D．The market value of humanoid robots will be very big. 4．What will the future of humanoid robots be like according to the passage? A．Their price will be extremely high. B．Their popularity will drop gradually. C．They will stop developing new skills. D．They will be used in more areas. On March 3rd, 2026, Chinese people celebrated the Lantern Festival with a big surprise— the rare “red moon”. As one of the most important traditional festivals in China, it became even more special this year because of the total lunar eclipse (月全食) . This amazing natural scene only happens once every 46 years, so people of all ages felt excited about it. During the eclipse, the moon looks red and bright. The most fantastic moment came at 19: 33. The moon turned into a beautiful red ball, shining brightly in the dark sky. The moon is the most special and beautiful in the sky. Under the clear weather, people across the country looked up and admired the red moon with their own eyes. They don’t need any special tools to enjoy this fantastic natural show. Many families went outside to look at the sky together. They sat outside, chatting and watching the sky together. It was a perfect time for us to feel the warmth of family and the magic of nature. The Lantern Festival is a traditional Chinese festival with a long history. Like every year, people enjoyed traditional festival activities too. Colorful lanterns lit up the streets, parks and homes. People tasted sweet rice dumplings and shared the delicious food with their loved ones. This special night mixed the joy of the Lantern Festival with the wonder of the red moon. It left everyone with a sweet memory of love and happiness. This special day brings people closer and makes the whole night full of love and fun. Everyone can enjoy themselves on this unforgettable and meaningful night. 1．When did the Lantern Festival with the red moon take place? A．On March 3rd, 2025. B．On March 3rd, 2026. C．On January 15th, 2026. D．On February 14th, 2026. 2．How often does the amazing red moon scene happen? A．Once every 10 years. B．Once every 26 years. C．Once every 36 years. D．Once every 46 years. 3．What can we learn according to the passage? A．People needed special tools to watch the red moon. B．The red moon reached its most fantastic moment at 19: 33. C．The red moon appeared with the Lantern Festival every year. D．People only enjoyed the red moon on the Lantern Festival. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The unforgettable night when the Lantern Festival met the red moon. B．The introduction of the total lunar eclipse (red moon) . C．How to celebrate the Lantern Festival in China. D．The history and traditions of the Lantern Festival. In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts (主人) and the worst guests in the world. They’re not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different from that in some western countries. It appears they are not nice guests. And western guests sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife’s mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North America homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” But, don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host. Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family, she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your home, don’t be too surprised if they don’t bring you a gift. In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected. 1．Many foreigners think that Chinese hosts are the ________ in the world. A．best B．worst C．most natural D．most different 2．When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often ________. A．buys some fruit B．feels like a god C．wants some gifts D．takes a cup of tea 3．What do the underlined words “adapt to” probably mean? A．think back to B．get used to C．look forward to D．keep close to 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．Foreigners should learn from Chinese. B．Hosts must do things in the guest’s way. C．Western hosts are always nice to guests. D．People should understand cultural differences. The Chinese pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具). Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term pingfeng means protection from wind, showing its purpose at the very beginning. As time passes, it has been made into different sizes with colorful paintings. On screens usually appears a dragon. It’s a symbol of light, growth and life-giving water. It also stands for nobility and power. The peacock, a beautiful bird, can be seen on screens, too. It’s a symbol of everlasting life. Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng. All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes. Behind the pingfeng lies an interesting story. In the past, the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by men except her father, brothers or very close male cousins. When an admirer paid a visit, however, she might take a secret look at him from a screen behind which she would be completely hidden. Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to create one. If the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband. Today the pingfeng is back in fashion for its beauty and its practical use as furniture. Acting as a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match (相配) for modern sofas and walls, which adds style to them. The pingfeng is more than beautiful furniture. 1．What was the pingfeng used for at the very beginning? A．Hiding a person. B．Dividing a room. C．Making a room beautiful. D．Protecting people from the wind. 2．Which design is a symbol of wealth and good luck? A．The dragon. B．The peacock. C．The water. D．The flowers. 3．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．The unmarried daughter couldn’t look at her admirers. B．The rich family’s daughter could meet her admirers face to face. C．In ancient times, an admirer’s looks and talent were important. D．In the past, a daughter had to obey her father when marrying someone. 4．Which can be the best title of this text? A．Old pingfeng in modern homes B．A beautiful story of the pingfeng C．The practical use of the pingfeng D．The hidden beauty of the pingfeng ①When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. ②For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L. A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. ③But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. ④It is all about moisture (湿气). “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the direction of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ (燃料) on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. ⑤In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers—trees with needle-like (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. ⑥In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially prone to spreading fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________. A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? ○a tree full of water    □a dry thing →fire’s path A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of this text? A．①②→③④→⑤⑥ B．①②→③④⑤→⑥ C．①→②③→④⑤⑥ D．①→②③④⑤→⑥ Have you heard of microplastics (微塑料)? Can we see them in our daily life? Are they good or bad for human beings? Microplastics are very small. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimeters (毫米) in size. But they bring big problems. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic. Every time when the clothes are washed, they shed microplastics. When water bottles and other big plastic products are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. These microplastics can be bad for our health and even cause cancer. In August, the Conversation reported that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells (细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic. As students, we can reduce plastic things in our daily life, such as using glass or metal cups instead of plastic bottles and cups. 1．What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．代替 B．降低 C．改变 D．脱落 2．What can we know about microplastics? A．Microplastics come from the oceans. B．Microplastics are often over five millimeters. C．It is difficult for microplastics to break down. D．Scientists found microplastics helped people’s brains work better. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Microplastics. B．Brain cells. C．Wild animals. D．Plastic bottles. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Wild Animals in Danger B．What to Do with Microplastics C．Ways to Reduce Microplastics D．Tiny Pieces of Plastic Bring Big Problems In November 2025, astronauts who were working on China’s Tiangong Space Station did something new. They cooked chicken wings. This was not just heating pre-made meals, but a process of real cooking. But cooking in space, which is far more challenging than on Earth, comes with two big problems. The first problem is heat. On Earth, hot air, being light and less heavy, rises up, which helps ovens bake (烤) food evenly. But in space, there is zero gravity. Hot air does not rise. It stays only near the heater. This makes cooking anything slow. The second problem is smoke and oil. People call it a “hidden killer”. When you cook, small particles (颗粒) of oil and smoke go into the air. In zero gravity, these particles, not being pulled downward by gravity, float (漂浮) everywhere. They can block the station’s important air filters (过滤器) and put the astronauts’ health at risk, which makes this problem very dangerous. So, Chinese engineers built a “magic oven”, which is designed to solve both problems at once. It has a fan inside. The fan forces the hot air to move around just like it does on Earth. It also has a special range hood (抽油烟机) built inside, forming a “closed system”. It takes in all the dangerous smoke and oil right away, filtering the air so that only clean air comes out. Thanks to this smart oven, the astronauts cooked their chicken wings in just 28 minutes. They could finally enjoy the smell of fresh-cooked food, a real taste of home, far away in space. 1．What new thing did the astronauts do on Tiangong Space Station in November 2025? A．They made a new oven. B．They cleaned the station. C．They cooked chicken wings. D．They heated the pre-made meals. 2．What makes smoke and oil a “hidden killer” in the space station? A．They pollute the pre-made meals and make them unfit for astronauts. B．They stop the smart oven from working and slow the cooking process. C．They change the zero gravity environment and affect daily life in space. D．They float everywhere and damage equipment as well as astronauts’ health. 3．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To describe what the astronauts like to cook. B．To explain how the new oven solves two big problems. C．To say why it is important to have fans in space. D．To tell how to build a smart oven in space. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Cooking in space will be as easy as on Earth in the near future. B．Small inventions can greatly improve astronauts’ life in space. C．The magic oven can solve all the problems in the space station. D．Astronauts will never eat pre-made meals again with the new oven. A new social media trend (潮流)—known as “Becoming Chinese”—is drawing the attention of TikTok users around the world. This cultural exchange has led to a wave of people trying out many kinds of Chinese lifestyles online. These lifestyles often include everyday Chinese self-care habits, such as drinking warm water instead of cold drinks; wearing slippers (拖鞋) indoors instead of walking barefoot (光脚); eating cooked vegetables rather than raw (生的) salad greens; and practicing baduanjin—a slow exercise loved by older people. The reasons lie in the call for a healthier life for young people and the rising charm (魅力) of China on the global stage. The Global Times noted that the wisdom (智慧) behind Chinese lifestyles helps people deal with today’s “burnout (倦怠) society”. For example, Chinese culture values living in peace with nature and keeping a balance (平衡) between yin and yang. “Becoming Chinese” trend shows that in a fast-changing world, Chinese lifestyles can bring order, inclusiveness (包容) and calm inside. As Western societies struggle (挣扎) with uncertainty (不确定性), people want to look for new ways of living outside their own countries. “Many young people abroad hold a favorable (赞许的) view of China,” said CCTV. This shows China’s growing soft power. It means foreigners are changing their minds, from viewing Chinese culture from afar (遥远地) to taking part in it. This trend is a “grassroots, peer-to-peer cultural exchange”, Qu Qiang, an expert at Minzu University of China, told China Daily. “Foreign netizens take up small, daily habits that we Chinese people don’t even see as ‘culture’.” US tech magazine Wired saw this trend as part of a bigger story. Chinese technology and products have been important in Western life for decades, from Chinese phones and open-source AI models to cultural icons like Labubu. The trend is a natural result of this influence. 1．Why are young people abroad trying out Chinese lifestyles? A．To become famous on social media. B．To live a healthier life. C．To prepare for travel to China. D．To look for new ways of living outside. 2．Which idea in Chinese culture can help people deal with the “burnout society”? A．Ignoring the uncertainty in life. B．The idea of daily habits. C．The focus on community spirit. D．The search for peace and balance. 3．What does the “Becoming Chinese” trend show, according to CCTV? A．China’s strong economic power. B．China’s growing soft power. C．The results of cultural exchange. D．The power of social media. 4．What does the “bigger story” mean in the last paragraph? A．China’s influence is growing in the world. B．China is a technological powerhouse. C．China is becoming richer and richer. D．China’s values are shaping the world. The Chinese language is different from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表) , it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or behavior. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian (苏美尔人) and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在) , but only Chinese characters are still in use today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used today. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to tell the differences of their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings (缺点) is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase the ability to read and write across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．How did the writer introduce the Chinese characters? A．By giving examples. B．By providing causes. C．By expressing opinions. D．By comparing facts. 2．The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of ________. A．Paragraph 5 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 2 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B．Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C．Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. D．Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today just like ancient Sumerian and Egyptian symbols. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How to form Chinese characters. B．The history of Chinese culture. C．The development of Chinese characters. D．The difference between Chinese and Western language. In early February 2026, ByteDance (字节跳动) launched its newest AI video model, Seedance 2.0. This amazing technology soon drew attention from all over the world. People praise it for its strong abilities, and it has become one of the most talked-about tech topics this year. What makes Seedance 2.0 so special? Well, it can make both videos and matching sounds at the same time, and the results are very natural. Its biggest advantage is multi-lens (多视角) storytelling. If you give it a short text or just one picture, it can create connected scenes. What’s more, it keeps the characters, lighting and style the same throughout the video. The model also supports 2K resolution (分辨率) and can take different kinds of inputs (输入), which makes making videos much easier and faster. When we compare Seedance 2.0 with other similar technologies like OpenAI’s Sora, it does much better in both speed and video quality. Industry experts say it is a useful tool for creators, not something that will take their place. It helps many fields develop, such as media, short plays and digital content creation. But Seedance 2.0’s launch also caused big ethical debates (辩论) right away. A serious worry appeared when tests showed that this model could make real-looking videos—even with matching voices—just from a photo. This made people worry a lot about identity theft (身份盗用) and privacy (隐私) problems. Because of this, ByteDance quickly stopped using this special function. Besides these ethical problems, the technology still has some technical issues. For example, sometimes the movements in the videos are not natural. Seedance 2.0 is an important step forward in AI video development. It shows how fast the AI video field is developing and how China is becoming more important in global AI innovation (创新). At the same time, it makes us think about a very important question: how can we use such powerful technology safely and responsibly? 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The disadvantages of AI video models B．Ways to create AI videos safely C．An introduction to Seedance 2.0 and its influences D．The competition between ByteDance and OpenAI 2．What is the biggest strength of Seedane 2.0? A．It has no technical or ethical problems. B．It is cheaper than other AI video models. C．It can completely replace human creators. D．It can produce videos with synchronized (同步的) sound and consistent (一致的) scenes. 3．What does the underlined word “ethical” mean in the passage? A．about what is right or wrong morally B．about new technology and machines C．about making money and business D．about art and beauty 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．China is playing a more important role in global AI innovation. B．AI video development has stopped because of ethical problems. C．Seedance 2.0 is the final step of AI video technology. D．Powerful AI technology no longer needs strict rules. What is the biggest spiderweb you have ever seen? In a dark cave on the border between Greece and Albania, scientists have recently found a web that covers 106 square meters! Likely the biggest ever seen, the web is home to two types of spiders that we once thought never hung out together. About 69,000 common house spiders live in peace with more than 42,000 smaller Prinerigone vagans in the cave. Even though no sunlight reaches inside the cave, life is possible here because of a special ecosystem, reported New Atlas. By “cooking” food using energy-rich chemicals, tiny bacteria (细菌) grow on rocks and are eaten by small animals. The warm river that runs through the cave also helps life survive. Spiders are not insects, but arachnids (蛛形纲动物). There are over 45,000 kinds of spiders around the world. Some are as tiny as 0.03 centimeters long, while others can grow to over 30 cm wide. Usually, bigger spiders eat smaller ones. That is why scientists were surprised to find the two types living together in the cave. They think it was the house spiders that made the huge web, and that the P. vagans just live in it. P. vagans usually stay still until they catch food. Also, because it is very dark, the house spiders might not know about the other type being there. Lena Grinsted, a spider expert at the UK’s University of Portsmouth, agreed, saying that spiders are not very good at seeing things. But she also said the bigger spiders might have learned to only attack when small flies get stuck in the web. 1．Why were scientists surprised by the discovery in the cave? A．Two types of spiders lived together peacefully. B．The tiny bacteria in the cave could “cook” food. C．The spider web was the first one found in a dark cave. D．The common house spiders were smaller than P. vagans. 2．How is life possible in the dark cave without sunlight? A．Chemicals and the river help bacteria grow. B．The warm river brings food in from outside. C．Small animals can produce food on big rocks. D．Animals living in the cave look for food outside. 3．What might be one reason the two types of spiders can live together? A．They hunt at different times. B．They help each other catch food. C．The house spiders may not notice the P. vagans. D．P. vagans are too fast for the house spiders to catch. 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The discovery of the world’s largest spider. B．The hunting habits of different spider species. C．A special cave ecosystem that supports a huge spider web. D．The dangerous spiders living on the Greece-Albania border. How do you eat your food? Some people use forks and knives. Some use their hands. And some, like the Chinese, use chopsticks. Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of thin sticks usually made of wood or bamboo. For a long time, the Chinese have been using these tools for their everyday meals. Holding the pair of sticks between the fingers of one hand, they can pick up any piece of food. Chopsticks were invented over 3,000 years ago in China and had a common beginning by being used as cooking tools. It is thought that the first chopsticks were used to pick out food from a cooking pot. But as creative cooking tools developed, the material of chopsticks was changed. Using chopsticks creates a more demanding(要求高的)eating experience. You cannot get as much food in your mouth at a time as using a fork or spoon. Since it takes longer to eat, people may eat less. Using chopsticks gives you a tool to eat at any time and anywhere. When no fork or spoon is available and eating with your fingers isn’t possible, find any two objects like sticks, place them between your fingers and start eating. And remember: Avoid sticking the ends of chopsticks into a bowl of food. Placing chopsticks into your food makes it look like an offering to the dead. Chopsticks are not musical instruments.(Using your chopsticks as drumsticks at the table will get you a serious look from your host.) Avoid using your chopsticks to point at people. Use words to get your point across(清楚表达你的观点)rather than your chopsticks. 1．How did the writer introduce the topic of the text? A．By asking and answering a question. B．By listing some numbers. C．By telling a moving story. D．By comparing two different products. 2．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．The chopsticks. B．The forks C．The fingers. D．The Chinese. 3．Which of the following about chopsticks are mentioned in the text? a. What they are made of.                           b. What they are used for. c. How long the history of them is.            d. What to follow when using them. e. How much a pair is.                                f. Where they are made in China. A．acde B．bdef C．cdef D．abcd 4．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To call on people to use chopsticks often. B．To tell people something about chopsticks. C．To compare all eating tools in the world. D．To explain why the Chinese use chopsticks. When people get old, they retire (退休). The same thing happens for power batteries in new energy cars. But after these batteries “retire”, they can be recycled. Recently, China put out 22 national standards for recycling power batteries. As batteries get older, they don’t work as well. At a 75 percent capacity (容量), they’re near the end of their life in a car. Some metals in the dying batteries are bad for people. They may also cause a fire explosion, according to the Australian Electric Vehicle Council. Recycling the batteries is helpful. For example, China needs a lot of lithium (锂), importing (进口) about 5.25 million tons of lithium concentrate in 2024. Recycling lithium from used batteries can cut down the need for imports, as reported by Xinhua. When it comes to recycling, hydrometallurgical recycling is a main way. It separates the battery’s electrodes from thin pieces of materials. Chemicals are used to break down the glue or burn it off. The remaining powder is then mixed into a special liquid (液体). Useful metals are taken out through a method that puts two liquids that do not mix well together, like oil and water. This makes it easy to separate and collect the metals, said the Union of Concerned Scientists. But this progress could lead to waste water and gas. Many companies are trying to solve this problem. For example, new energy car maker BYD burns the electrolytes at 1,100 C to turn it into carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen. The harmful gases are gone after a second burn and quick cooling. 1．What happens to power batteries in new energy cars when they “retire”? A．They are recycled. B．They are thrown away. C．They are reused in other cars. D．They are sold to other countries. 2．Why is recycling power batteries important for China? A．It makes new energy cars last longer. B．It cuts down the need to import lithium. C．It helps prevent accidents caused by cars. D．It helps reduce the cost of making new ones. 3．What is the correct order of hydrometallurgical recycling when recovering lithium? A．Mix two liquids-collect electrodes-break down glue-collect lithium B．Collect lithium-mix with special liquid-separate metals-separate electrodes C．Burn off the electrodes-collect lithium-mix with special liquid-separate metals D．Separate the electrodes-mix into special liquid-mix two liquids-collect lithium 4．How does BYD deal with harmful gases during the recycling process? A．By breaking the electrolyte down in hot water. B．By storing the harmful gases in special facilities. C．By burning the electrolyte and then cooling it quickly. D．By preventing air from entering the recycling process. ①From carpenter (木匠) to great artist—this was the course of Qi Baishi’s life. Qi has made great achievements in artistic culture. In 1953, he was honored with the title “People’s Artist” by Chinese government. ②Qi Baishi has left behind a large number of works that cover many subjects, including shrimps, crabs and fish. These artworks have often been on display (展览) , attracting millions of art lovers. For most people, however, his masterpieces are his paintings of shrimps like Mo Xia and Xia Qutu. ③Qi’s works are not only about animals but also about flowers and vegetables. People love these nature-based paintings because the works remind them of the countryside and of their hometowns. The dove is another common subject in Qi’s art during his later years, showing his wish for world peace. ④Whether they are landscapes, shrimps, flowers or figures (人物) , Qi’s paintings are rich in expressions and details. At the beginning, he painted these by following ancient models. Later, he developed a personal style by using heavy ink, bright colors and energetic strokes (笔锋) to give them an almost real-life feel. He created works in a fresh and lively way, showing his love for nature and life. His art reflected an international trend in modern art at the time, yet he expressed it in a typical Chinese way. ⑤Qi kept fighting for higher goals, especially as he got older. The man still continued to work even in his 70s. While many other Chinese artists retire from public life at an old age, Qi actively took on more social responsibilities. He said: “I love my hometown, my country and all the lives there. In recent years, I have realized that what I pursue is world peace.” In 1956, he was awarded the International Peace Prize by the World Peace Council (理事会) . ⑥In short, Qi Baishi has influenced a large number of people in China. Not only do his works play an important part in Chinese culture, but his spirits also encourage generations of Chinese people. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about Qi’s works? __________ A．His most famous paintings are about crabs. B．His works are only about flowers and vegetables. C．He developed a personal style by using dark colors. D．Nature- based paintings make people think of their hometowns. 2．Which saying can best describe the spirit of Qi according to the passage? __________ A．Silence is golden. B．Life is short, art is long. C．Manners make the man. D．Keep something for a rainy day. 3．What does the underlined word them in paragraph ④refer to? __________ A．Qi’s paintings. B．energetic strokes. C．ancient models. D．nature. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? __________ A． B． C． D． 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （辽宁专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 We have many ways to get close to nature, such as dancing in the rain, stepping on fallen leaves or digging in the soil, but my favourite is walking barefoot (赤脚). Walking barefoot can be enjoyable and helpful. It can help us sleep better and feel rested in mind and body. It can also build our foot muscles (肌肉) and improve our balance. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, walking barefoot can be good for our health. When you want to try walking barefoot, there’s no need to hurry. At first, walking barefoot for 10 minutes can be fine. After that, add 5 minutes every day until you can walk for 20 to 30 minutes. If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time. Walking barefoot, however, isn’t always safe. People with health problems like flat feet or back pain should avoid this practice. What’s more, walking barefoot in cold or wet environments might cause health problems. To make walking barefoot safe, remember the following points: ·Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand. ·Stay away from things like rocks or broken glass. ·Keep shoes at hand if you worry that your feet will get too sore. ·Listen to your body—stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Walking barefoot is a great way to feel connected with nature, but it’s important to stay safe and consider your own health condition. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s favourite way to get close to nature? A．Dancing in the rain. B．Stepping on fallen leaves. C．Digging in the soil. D．Walking without shoes on. 2．What does the underlined word “curtail” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell. B．Make. C．Value. D．Reduce. 3．According to the text, remember to ________ when you are walking barefoot. A．try a cold surface B．practice on hard rocks C．find a safe place D．walk in wet environments 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The introduction to health problems. B．The suggestions on outdoor activities. C．The information about walking barefoot. D．The effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了赤脚行走的益处和安全实践的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“but my favourite is walking barefoot”可知，作者最喜欢的亲近自然的方式是赤脚行走。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time.”可知，若脚疼需休息或“减少”时间，结合选项，“curtail”意为“减少”，与选项D“Reduce”意义相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand.”可知，赤脚行走时需选择安全的地方。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕赤脚行走展开，介绍了其益处、适应方法、安全建议等，核心内容是“关于赤脚行走的信息”。故选C。 中考模拟真题练习 Were you surprised by the humanoid robots (人形机器人) performing the Yangko dance at this year’s Spring Festival Gala? Wait for it! There’s more. Some robots can even do front flips (前空翻)! These days, humanoid robots seem to be able to do almost everything. But what makes them so smart? The secret lies in artificial intelligence (AI) . Since 2022, big progress in AI has pushed humanoid robots to the next level. Companies are coming up with amazing technologies, like large language models. Language models, which power chatbots like ChatGPT, can also make robots smarter. They learn from tons of information and use the knowledge to help robots think. The depth camera in the robots is like their eyes. It helps robots understand what they see in photos and videos. This mix of language models and visual (视觉的) AI allows robots to know how things relate and interact (互动). This improves their ability to perform tasks. However, being smart isn’t enough. Robots also need to move well. In the past, even simple tasks like picking up an apple were hard for robots. These days, new technologies make them better. Using light but strong materials like carbon fiber makes robots strong and flexible (灵活的). Sensors (传感器) are like the robots’ senses. They help robots “see” and feel the things around them. Motors (发动机) are like the robots’ muscles. They help robots move easily. Humanoid robots are becoming more and more popular and starting to enter all areas of our lives. They still have a lot of room for development in the future and will definitely become even more amazing! Some people predict that by 2035, the market value of humanoid robots could reach 276. 9 billion yuan. 1．Which of the following makes the robots move well? ①Sensors        ②The depth camera    ③Light but strong materials ④Language models    ⑤Motors A．①②③ B．②③④ C．③④⑤ D．①③⑤ 2．What does the underlined word “they” in the fifth paragraph refer to? A．robots B．sensors C．motors D．materials 3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Humanoid robots aren’t smart enough. B．New technologies help robots move better. C．Light but strong materials are very important. D．The market value of humanoid robots will be very big. 4．What will the future of humanoid robots be like according to the passage? A．Their price will be extremely high. B．Their popularity will drop gradually. C．They will stop developing new skills. D．They will be used in more areas. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人形机器人在AI技术推动下变得更智能，通过语言模型、传感器、新材料等技术提升感知和运动能力，未来将广泛应用于更多领域。 1．第四段提到新材料（如碳纤维）让机器人更灵活，第五段说明传感器让机器人感知周围，发动机让机器人轻松运动。这三者帮助机器人“move well”。深度摄像头（②）帮助机器人“see”，语言模型（④）帮助它们“think”，不直接对应“move well”的要求。 2．第五段指出，发动机就像机器人的肌肉，它们帮助机器人轻松移动。“They”指代前一句的主语Motors。 3．第四段首句提出“Robots also need to move well”，接着说明过去机器人难以完成简单任务，现在新技术（新材料等）让它们变得更好。整段围绕新技术如何提升机器人的运动能力展开。 4．最后一段提到人形机器人“starting to enter all areas of our lives”，并预测未来市场价值巨大，说明它们将被应用于更多领域。其他选项与原文不符。 On March 3rd, 2026, Chinese people celebrated the Lantern Festival with a big surprise— the rare “red moon”. As one of the most important traditional festivals in China, it became even more special this year because of the total lunar eclipse (月全食) . This amazing natural scene only happens once every 46 years, so people of all ages felt excited about it. During the eclipse, the moon looks red and bright. The most fantastic moment came at 19: 33. The moon turned into a beautiful red ball, shining brightly in the dark sky. The moon is the most special and beautiful in the sky. Under the clear weather, people across the country looked up and admired the red moon with their own eyes. They don’t need any special tools to enjoy this fantastic natural show. Many families went outside to look at the sky together. They sat outside, chatting and watching the sky together. It was a perfect time for us to feel the warmth of family and the magic of nature. The Lantern Festival is a traditional Chinese festival with a long history. Like every year, people enjoyed traditional festival activities too. Colorful lanterns lit up the streets, parks and homes. People tasted sweet rice dumplings and shared the delicious food with their loved ones. This special night mixed the joy of the Lantern Festival with the wonder of the red moon. It left everyone with a sweet memory of love and happiness. This special day brings people closer and makes the whole night full of love and fun. Everyone can enjoy themselves on this unforgettable and meaningful night. 1．When did the Lantern Festival with the red moon take place? A．On March 3rd, 2025. B．On March 3rd, 2026. C．On January 15th, 2026. D．On February 14th, 2026. 2．How often does the amazing red moon scene happen? A．Once every 10 years. B．Once every 26 years. C．Once every 36 years. D．Once every 46 years. 3．What can we learn according to the passage? A．People needed special tools to watch the red moon. B．The red moon reached its most fantastic moment at 19: 33. C．The red moon appeared with the Lantern Festival every year. D．People only enjoyed the red moon on the Lantern Festival. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The unforgettable night when the Lantern Festival met the red moon. B．The introduction of the total lunar eclipse (red moon) . C．How to celebrate the Lantern Festival in China. D．The history and traditions of the Lantern Festival. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文讲述了2026年3月3日元宵节与罕见“红月亮”（月全食）相遇的特别夜晚，介绍了红月亮的景象、观测情况，以及人们在节日里的庆祝活动。 1．文中提到“On March 3rd, 2026, Chinese people celebrated the Lantern Festival with a big surprise—the rare ‘red moon’”，直接说明带有红月亮的元宵节发生在2026年3月3日。 2．文中提到“This amazing natural scene only happens once every 46 years”，说明红月亮这一景象每46年出现一次。 3．文中提到“The most fantastic moment came at 19: 33”，说明红月亮最精彩的时刻在19:33。 4．文章围绕元宵节与红月亮相遇的难忘夜晚展开，既介绍了红月亮，也提及节日活动，核心主旨是这个特别的夜晚。 In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts (主人) and the worst guests in the world. They’re not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different from that in some western countries. It appears they are not nice guests. And western guests sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife’s mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North America homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” But, don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host. Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family, she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your home, don’t be too surprised if they don’t bring you a gift. In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected. 1．Many foreigners think that Chinese hosts are the ________ in the world. A．best B．worst C．most natural D．most different 2．When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often ________. A．buys some fruit B．feels like a god C．wants some gifts D．takes a cup of tea 3．What do the underlined words “adapt to” probably mean? A．think back to B．get used to C．look forward to D．keep close to 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．Foreigners should learn from Chinese. B．Hosts must do things in the guest’s way. C．Western hosts are always nice to guests. D．People should understand cultural differences. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍中外主客关系的文化差异，说明中国主人热情好客，西方习俗不同，提醒人们理解文化差异。 1．第一段提到：“In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world.”，说明外国人认为中国人是世界上最好的主人。 2．第二段指出：“In China, guests are almost like gods.”，说明西方客人在中国家庭做客时会感觉自己像上帝一样。 3．第四段说明：“Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon.”，结合语境可知adapt to意为“适应”，与get used to意思相近。 4．全文通过对比中外待客习俗，表明不同国家有不同文化，人们应该理解这些文化差异。 The Chinese pingfeng (folding screen) is an ancient invention and traditional Chinese furniture (家具). Its earliest common use dates from the Han Dynasty. The term pingfeng means protection from wind, showing its purpose at the very beginning. As time passes, it has been made into different sizes with colorful paintings. On screens usually appears a dragon. It’s a symbol of light, growth and life-giving water. It also stands for nobility and power. The peacock, a beautiful bird, can be seen on screens, too. It’s a symbol of everlasting life. Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng. All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes. Behind the pingfeng lies an interesting story. In the past, the unmarried daughter of a rich family was not supposed to see or be seen by men except her father, brothers or very close male cousins. When an admirer paid a visit, however, she might take a secret look at him from a screen behind which she would be completely hidden. Her father would discuss poems with the young man and ask him to create one. If the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband. Today the pingfeng is back in fashion for its beauty and its practical use as furniture. Acting as a moving wall or divider, it can be the perfect match (相配) for modern sofas and walls, which adds style to them. The pingfeng is more than beautiful furniture. 1．What was the pingfeng used for at the very beginning? A．Hiding a person. B．Dividing a room. C．Making a room beautiful. D．Protecting people from the wind. 2．Which design is a symbol of wealth and good luck? A．The dragon. B．The peacock. C．The water. D．The flowers. 3．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．The unmarried daughter couldn’t look at her admirers. B．The rich family’s daughter could meet her admirers face to face. C．In ancient times, an admirer’s looks and talent were important. D．In the past, a daughter had to obey her father when marrying someone. 4．Which can be the best title of this text? A．Old pingfeng in modern homes B．A beautiful story of the pingfeng C．The practical use of the pingfeng D．The hidden beauty of the pingfeng 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍中国屏风的起源、图案寓意、相关故事及现代用途，展现其不仅是家具，更承载文化与美好愿望。 1．第一段说明：“The term pingfeng means protection from wind, showing its purpose at the very beginning.”表明屏风最初用来挡风。 2．第二段提到：“Beautiful flowers, which mean wealth and good luck, are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng.”说明花朵象征财富和好运。 3．第三段讲述：“If the daughter and her father were satisfied with the young man’s poem and his looks, she might agree to take him as a husband.”可知古代男子的外貌和才华很重要。 4．全文从屏风的起源、图案、故事、现代价值展开介绍，体现屏风背后隐藏的文化之美。 ①When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. ②For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L. A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. ③But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. ④It is all about moisture (湿气). “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the direction of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ (燃料) on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. ⑤In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers—trees with needle-like (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. ⑥In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially prone to spreading fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________. A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? ○a tree full of water    □a dry thing →fire’s path A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of this text? A．①②→③④→⑤⑥ B．①②→③④⑤→⑥ C．①→②③→④⑤⑥ D．①→②③④⑤→⑥ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要围绕洛杉矶山火中部分树木未被烧毁的现象展开，解释了这一现象背后的科学原因，包括树木本身含水量高、火势会优先燃烧干燥物体以及不同树种对火的抵抗性差异，最后还特别分析了棕榈树容易助长火势的原因。 1．文中第二段提到“people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched”，这直接说明一些人在野火中看到树木未燃，所以对洛杉矶野火有疑问。 2．文中第四段提到“But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the direction of the fire.”，说明如果一棵充满水分的树旁边有干燥物体，干燥物体会先燃烧，甚至改变火的方向，火可能会绕过树木，图示B显示火改变了方向，绕过树木燃烧干燥物体。 3．第五段说明：“While for conifers—trees with needle-like (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite”，结合前文提到落叶树难燃，可知针状叶的树更容易燃烧，选项A“Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves”符合针状叶树的特征。 4．本文的结构按照“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”展开。第①②段提出疑问（为何有些树没有被烧）；第③④⑤段分析树木耐火的原因；第⑥段提出减少种植易燃棕榈树的解决措施，对应“①②→③④⑤→⑥”的结构。 Have you heard of microplastics (微塑料)? Can we see them in our daily life? Are they good or bad for human beings? Microplastics are very small. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimeters (毫米) in size. But they bring big problems. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic. Every time when the clothes are washed, they shed microplastics. When water bottles and other big plastic products are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. These microplastics can be bad for our health and even cause cancer. In August, the Conversation reported that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells (细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic. As students, we can reduce plastic things in our daily life, such as using glass or metal cups instead of plastic bottles and cups. 1．What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．代替 B．降低 C．改变 D．脱落 2．What can we know about microplastics? A．Microplastics come from the oceans. B．Microplastics are often over five millimeters. C．It is difficult for microplastics to break down. D．Scientists found microplastics helped people’s brains work better. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Microplastics. B．Brain cells. C．Wild animals. D．Plastic bottles. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Wild Animals in Danger B．What to Do with Microplastics C．Ways to Reduce Microplastics D．Tiny Pieces of Plastic Bring Big Problems 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了微塑料虽小但会带来大问题，其来源广泛，不易分解，对人类健康和野生动物都有危害，科学家认为目前最好的应对方式是减少塑料的生产和使用，学生也可在日常生活中减少塑料制品的使用。 1．第三段指出：“Every time when the clothes are washed, they shed microplastics.” 前文提到“about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic”，说明衣服由塑料制成，洗涤时会“脱落”微塑料。因此，“shed”意为“脱落”。 2．第二段指出：“They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years.”，这句话直接说明微塑料难以分解。 3．第四段指出：“Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake...”，这里的“them”指代前一句的“microplastics”，即微塑料。 4．文章第一段总述微塑料虽小但带来大问题，第二段介绍来源和对人体的危害，第三段讲述对野生动物的危害，第四段提出解决办法。全文围绕微塑料的危害展开，因此“Tiny Pieces of Plastic Bring Big Problems”能概括主旨。 In November 2025, astronauts who were working on China’s Tiangong Space Station did something new. They cooked chicken wings. This was not just heating pre-made meals, but a process of real cooking. But cooking in space, which is far more challenging than on Earth, comes with two big problems. The first problem is heat. On Earth, hot air, being light and less heavy, rises up, which helps ovens bake (烤) food evenly. But in space, there is zero gravity. Hot air does not rise. It stays only near the heater. This makes cooking anything slow. The second problem is smoke and oil. People call it a “hidden killer”. When you cook, small particles (颗粒) of oil and smoke go into the air. In zero gravity, these particles, not being pulled downward by gravity, float (漂浮) everywhere. They can block the station’s important air filters (过滤器) and put the astronauts’ health at risk, which makes this problem very dangerous. So, Chinese engineers built a “magic oven”, which is designed to solve both problems at once. It has a fan inside. The fan forces the hot air to move around just like it does on Earth. It also has a special range hood (抽油烟机) built inside, forming a “closed system”. It takes in all the dangerous smoke and oil right away, filtering the air so that only clean air comes out. Thanks to this smart oven, the astronauts cooked their chicken wings in just 28 minutes. They could finally enjoy the smell of fresh-cooked food, a real taste of home, far away in space. 1．What new thing did the astronauts do on Tiangong Space Station in November 2025? A．They made a new oven. B．They cleaned the station. C．They cooked chicken wings. D．They heated the pre-made meals. 2．What makes smoke and oil a “hidden killer” in the space station? A．They pollute the pre-made meals and make them unfit for astronauts. B．They stop the smart oven from working and slow the cooking process. C．They change the zero gravity environment and affect daily life in space. D．They float everywhere and damage equipment as well as astronauts’ health. 3．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To describe what the astronauts like to cook. B．To explain how the new oven solves two big problems. C．To say why it is important to have fans in space. D．To tell how to build a smart oven in space. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Cooking in space will be as easy as on Earth in the near future. B．Small inventions can greatly improve astronauts’ life in space. C．The magic oven can solve all the problems in the space station. D．Astronauts will never eat pre-made meals again with the new oven. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了2025年11月中国天宫空间站的宇航员首次真正烹饪鸡翅，因太空烹饪面临热和油烟两大难题，中国工程师建造“魔法烤箱”解决这些问题，让宇航员能在太空享受烹饪美食。 1．第一段明确指出：“In November 2025, astronauts who were working on China’s Tiangong Space Station did something new. They cooked chicken wings.”，这句话直接说明宇航员在2025年11月做的新鲜事就是烹饪鸡翅。 2．第三段描述了油烟成为“隐藏杀手”的原因：“In zero gravity, these particles... float everywhere. They can block the station’s important air filters and put the astronauts’ health at risk...”，即颗粒到处漂浮，可能阻塞关键过滤器并危害健康，这与选项D“它们到处漂浮，损坏设备并危害宇航员健康”完全吻合。 3．第四段首句点明：“Chinese engineers built a ‘magic oven’, which is designed to solve both problems at once.”，随后详细解释烤箱如何通过内置风扇解决热空气循环问题，以及通过内置抽油烟机形成封闭系统解决油烟问题。因此该段的主要目的是解释新烤箱如何同时解决两大难题。 4．文章主要讲述了中国工程师为解决宇航员在空间站烹饪面临的热和油烟问题，建造了“魔法烤箱”，使宇航员能在空间站烹饪食物，享受家的味道。这表明小发明可以极大地改善宇航员在太空的生活。 A new social media trend (潮流)—known as “Becoming Chinese”—is drawing the attention of TikTok users around the world. This cultural exchange has led to a wave of people trying out many kinds of Chinese lifestyles online. These lifestyles often include everyday Chinese self-care habits, such as drinking warm water instead of cold drinks; wearing slippers (拖鞋) indoors instead of walking barefoot (光脚); eating cooked vegetables rather than raw (生的) salad greens; and practicing baduanjin—a slow exercise loved by older people. The reasons lie in the call for a healthier life for young people and the rising charm (魅力) of China on the global stage. The Global Times noted that the wisdom (智慧) behind Chinese lifestyles helps people deal with today’s “burnout (倦怠) society”. For example, Chinese culture values living in peace with nature and keeping a balance (平衡) between yin and yang. “Becoming Chinese” trend shows that in a fast-changing world, Chinese lifestyles can bring order, inclusiveness (包容) and calm inside. As Western societies struggle (挣扎) with uncertainty (不确定性), people want to look for new ways of living outside their own countries. “Many young people abroad hold a favorable (赞许的) view of China,” said CCTV. This shows China’s growing soft power. It means foreigners are changing their minds, from viewing Chinese culture from afar (遥远地) to taking part in it. This trend is a “grassroots, peer-to-peer cultural exchange”, Qu Qiang, an expert at Minzu University of China, told China Daily. “Foreign netizens take up small, daily habits that we Chinese people don’t even see as ‘culture’.” US tech magazine Wired saw this trend as part of a bigger story. Chinese technology and products have been important in Western life for decades, from Chinese phones and open-source AI models to cultural icons like Labubu. The trend is a natural result of this influence. 1．Why are young people abroad trying out Chinese lifestyles? A．To become famous on social media. B．To live a healthier life. C．To prepare for travel to China. D．To look for new ways of living outside. 2．Which idea in Chinese culture can help people deal with the “burnout society”? A．Ignoring the uncertainty in life. B．The idea of daily habits. C．The focus on community spirit. D．The search for peace and balance. 3．What does the “Becoming Chinese” trend show, according to CCTV? A．China’s strong economic power. B．China’s growing soft power. C．The results of cultural exchange. D．The power of social media. 4．What does the “bigger story” mean in the last paragraph? A．China’s influence is growing in the world. B．China is a technological powerhouse. C．China is becoming richer and richer. D．China’s values are shaping the world. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了一种新的社交媒体趋势——被称为“成为中国人”——正在引起世界各地TikTok用户的注意。 1．根据第三段“The reasons lie in the call for a healthier life for young people and the rising charm (魅力) of China on the global stage.”可知，国外年轻人尝试中式生活方式是为了追求更健康的生活。 2．根据第四段“The Global Times noted that the wisdom (智慧) behind Chinese lifestyles helps people deal with today’s “burnout (倦怠) society”. For example, Chinese culture values living in peace with nature and keeping a balance (平衡) between yin and yang.”可知，这种追求平和与平衡的智慧有助于人们应对当今的“倦怠社会”。 3．根据倒数第二段“This shows China’s growing soft power.”可知，这一潮流展示了中国日益增长的软实力。 4．根据最后一段“Chinese technology and products have been important in Western life for decades, from Chinese phones and open-source AI models to cultural icons like Labubu.”可知，“bigger story”指的是中国在科技、产品和文化等方面对世界日益增长的整体影响力。 The Chinese language is different from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表) , it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or behavior. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian (苏美尔人) and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在) , but only Chinese characters are still in use today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used today. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to tell the differences of their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings (缺点) is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase the ability to read and write across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．How did the writer introduce the Chinese characters? A．By giving examples. B．By providing causes. C．By expressing opinions. D．By comparing facts. 2．The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of ________. A．Paragraph 5 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 2 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B．Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C．Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. D．Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today just like ancient Sumerian and Egyptian symbols. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How to form Chinese characters. B．The history of Chinese culture. C．The development of Chinese characters. D．The difference between Chinese and Western language. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了汉字与西方语言的差异、汉字的起源与发展、汉字的简化与普及。 1．第一段通过古苏美尔符号和古埃及符号等例子来介绍中国汉字。选项A“通过举例”符合此段的语境。 2．第四段的“Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together.”指出了有时为了表达想法，一些汉字是通过将两个或更多的汉字组合在一起而构成的。所以有些汉字的发展是通过将两个或更多的汉字的组合构成的，不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变来的。也就是说此句的前句应该是表达不是所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。所以“Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.”应放在第四段的段首，与后句有逻辑关系。 3．结尾段的“In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people,”指出了20世纪50年代，中国政府推行了简化汉字，希望让识字学习对更多人来说更易懂。这句话表达了汉字的发展被更多的人理解和接受，从1950年一直到现在，被更多的人接受。选项B“我们如今使用的汉字已经被大量人群所接受。”此句的意思与这部分的语境符合。 4．根据本文的主题是介绍了汉字与其他语言的差异、起源、发展等。因此汉字的发展是本文的主题，适合作文章的题目。选项C“汉字的发展”与本文的主题符合。 In early February 2026, ByteDance (字节跳动) launched its newest AI video model, Seedance 2.0. This amazing technology soon drew attention from all over the world. People praise it for its strong abilities, and it has become one of the most talked-about tech topics this year. What makes Seedance 2.0 so special? Well, it can make both videos and matching sounds at the same time, and the results are very natural. Its biggest advantage is multi-lens (多视角) storytelling. If you give it a short text or just one picture, it can create connected scenes. What’s more, it keeps the characters, lighting and style the same throughout the video. The model also supports 2K resolution (分辨率) and can take different kinds of inputs (输入), which makes making videos much easier and faster. When we compare Seedance 2.0 with other similar technologies like OpenAI’s Sora, it does much better in both speed and video quality. Industry experts say it is a useful tool for creators, not something that will take their place. It helps many fields develop, such as media, short plays and digital content creation. But Seedance 2.0’s launch also caused big ethical debates (辩论) right away. A serious worry appeared when tests showed that this model could make real-looking videos—even with matching voices—just from a photo. This made people worry a lot about identity theft (身份盗用) and privacy (隐私) problems. Because of this, ByteDance quickly stopped using this special function. Besides these ethical problems, the technology still has some technical issues. For example, sometimes the movements in the videos are not natural. Seedance 2.0 is an important step forward in AI video development. It shows how fast the AI video field is developing and how China is becoming more important in global AI innovation (创新). At the same time, it makes us think about a very important question: how can we use such powerful technology safely and responsibly? 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The disadvantages of AI video models B．Ways to create AI videos safely C．An introduction to Seedance 2.0 and its influences D．The competition between ByteDance and OpenAI 2．What is the biggest strength of Seedane 2.0? A．It has no technical or ethical problems. B．It is cheaper than other AI video models. C．It can completely replace human creators. D．It can produce videos with synchronized (同步的) sound and consistent (一致的) scenes. 3．What does the underlined word “ethical” mean in the passage? A．about what is right or wrong morally B．about new technology and machines C．about making money and business D．about art and beauty 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．China is playing a more important role in global AI innovation. B．AI video development has stopped because of ethical problems. C．Seedance 2.0 is the final step of AI video technology. D．Powerful AI technology no longer needs strict rules. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了字节跳动推出的AI视频模型Seedance 2.0，其功能强大且优势显著，同时它的推出也引发了技术与伦理问题的讨论。 1．第一段“In early February 2026, ByteDance (字节跳动)launched its newest AI video model, Seedance 2.0. This amazing technology soon drew attention from all over the world. People praise it for its strong abilities, and it has become one of the most talked-about tech topics this year.”，开篇介绍字节跳动推出的AI视频模型Seedance 2.0，后文接着阐述其特点、优势，还提到引发的问题以及带来的影响等，因此本文主要介绍Seedance 2.0及其影响。 2．第二段指出Seedance 2.0的特别之处“What makes Seedance 2.0 so special? Well, it can make both videos and matching sounds at the same time, and the results are very natural. Its biggest advantage is multi-lens(多视角)storytelling. If you give it a short text or just one picture, it can create connected scenes. What’s more, it keeps the characters, lighting and style the same throughout the video. ” ，它能同时制作与视频匹配的声音，结果很自然，最大优势是多视角叙事，还能创建连贯场景等。因此Seedance 2.0的特别之处是它可以制作声音同步和场景一致的视频。 3．第三段“This made people worry a lot about identity theft (身份盗用) and privacy (隐私) problems. Because of this, ByteDance quickly stopped using this special function. Besides these ethical problems, the technology still has some technical issues. For example, sometimes the movements in the videos are not natural.”提到该模型仅从一张照片就能制作出相似度极高的视频，由此引发了人们对身份盗窃和隐私问题的严重担忧，字节跳动也迅速停止使用该特殊功能。结合语境可知，“ethical”指的是道德层面的对与错，与身份盗窃和隐私等道德问题相关。A选项“关于道德上的对与错”符合题意。 4．最后一段“Seedance 2.0 is an important step forward in AI video development. It shows how fast the AI video field is developing and how China is becoming more important in global AI innovation (创新).”，指出Seedance 2.0是人工智能视频发展的重要一步并且中国在全球AI创新中变得越来越重要，发挥着举足轻重的作用。 What is the biggest spiderweb you have ever seen? In a dark cave on the border between Greece and Albania, scientists have recently found a web that covers 106 square meters! Likely the biggest ever seen, the web is home to two types of spiders that we once thought never hung out together. About 69,000 common house spiders live in peace with more than 42,000 smaller Prinerigone vagans in the cave. Even though no sunlight reaches inside the cave, life is possible here because of a special ecosystem, reported New Atlas. By “cooking” food using energy-rich chemicals, tiny bacteria (细菌) grow on rocks and are eaten by small animals. The warm river that runs through the cave also helps life survive. Spiders are not insects, but arachnids (蛛形纲动物). There are over 45,000 kinds of spiders around the world. Some are as tiny as 0.03 centimeters long, while others can grow to over 30 cm wide. Usually, bigger spiders eat smaller ones. That is why scientists were surprised to find the two types living together in the cave. They think it was the house spiders that made the huge web, and that the P. vagans just live in it. P. vagans usually stay still until they catch food. Also, because it is very dark, the house spiders might not know about the other type being there. Lena Grinsted, a spider expert at the UK’s University of Portsmouth, agreed, saying that spiders are not very good at seeing things. But she also said the bigger spiders might have learned to only attack when small flies get stuck in the web. 1．Why were scientists surprised by the discovery in the cave? A．Two types of spiders lived together peacefully. B．The tiny bacteria in the cave could “cook” food. C．The spider web was the first one found in a dark cave. D．The common house spiders were smaller than P. vagans. 2．How is life possible in the dark cave without sunlight? A．Chemicals and the river help bacteria grow. B．The warm river brings food in from outside. C．Small animals can produce food on big rocks. D．Animals living in the cave look for food outside. 3．What might be one reason the two types of spiders can live together? A．They hunt at different times. B．They help each other catch food. C．The house spiders may not notice the P. vagans. D．P. vagans are too fast for the house spiders to catch. 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The discovery of the world’s largest spider. B．The hunting habits of different spider species. C．A special cave ecosystem that supports a huge spider web. D．The dangerous spiders living on the Greece-Albania border. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家在希腊和阿尔巴尼亚边境的一个黑暗洞穴中发现的一个巨大蜘蛛网，并解释了在这个特殊生态系统中，两种蜘蛛能够和平共存的原因。 1．第四段指出“Usually, bigger spiders eat smaller ones. That is why scientists were surprised to find the two types living together in the cave.”，这说明科学家惊讶的原因是通常大蜘蛛会吃小蜘蛛，而他们发现两种蜘蛛在洞穴中和平共处。 2．第三段指出“Even though no sunlight reaches inside the cave, life is possible here because of a special ecosystem... By ‘cooking’ food using energy-rich chemicals, tiny bacteria grow on rocks... The warm river that runs through the cave also helps life survive.”，这表明生命能在无阳光的洞穴中存在，是因为富含能量的化学物质和温暖的河流帮助细菌生长。 3．第五段指出“Also, because it is very dark, the house spiders might not know about the other type being there.”，这表明一个可能的原因是洞穴非常黑暗，家蜘蛛可能没有注意到另一种蜘蛛的存在。 4．本文主要围绕一个特殊的洞穴生态系统展开，详细介绍了其中发现的巨大蜘蛛网、维持生命的化学和河流条件，以及两种蜘蛛共存的可能原因。因此，文章主题是关于支持巨大蜘蛛网的特殊洞穴生态系统。 How do you eat your food? Some people use forks and knives. Some use their hands. And some, like the Chinese, use chopsticks. Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of thin sticks usually made of wood or bamboo. For a long time, the Chinese have been using these tools for their everyday meals. Holding the pair of sticks between the fingers of one hand, they can pick up any piece of food. Chopsticks were invented over 3,000 years ago in China and had a common beginning by being used as cooking tools. It is thought that the first chopsticks were used to pick out food from a cooking pot. But as creative cooking tools developed, the material of chopsticks was changed. Using chopsticks creates a more demanding(要求高的)eating experience. You cannot get as much food in your mouth at a time as using a fork or spoon. Since it takes longer to eat, people may eat less. Using chopsticks gives you a tool to eat at any time and anywhere. When no fork or spoon is available and eating with your fingers isn’t possible, find any two objects like sticks, place them between your fingers and start eating. And remember: Avoid sticking the ends of chopsticks into a bowl of food. Placing chopsticks into your food makes it look like an offering to the dead. Chopsticks are not musical instruments.(Using your chopsticks as drumsticks at the table will get you a serious look from your host.) Avoid using your chopsticks to point at people. Use words to get your point across(清楚表达你的观点)rather than your chopsticks. 1．How did the writer introduce the topic of the text? A．By asking and answering a question. B．By listing some numbers. C．By telling a moving story. D．By comparing two different products. 2．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．The chopsticks. B．The forks C．The fingers. D．The Chinese. 3．Which of the following about chopsticks are mentioned in the text? a. What they are made of.                           b. What they are used for. c. How long the history of them is.            d. What to follow when using them. e. How much a pair is.                                f. Where they are made in China. A．acde B．bdef C．cdef D．abcd 4．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To call on people to use chopsticks often. B．To tell people something about chopsticks. C．To compare all eating tools in the world. D．To explain why the Chinese use chopsticks. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以设问的方式引出 “筷子” 这一主题，依次介绍了筷子的材质、使用历史、使用特点，同时详细说明了使用筷子的相关礼仪禁忌，全面地向读者科普了筷子的相关知识。 1．文章第一段第一句提出问题“How do you eat your food?”，随后通过回答“Some people use forks and knives... And some, like the Chinese, use chopsticks.” 引出筷子这一主题。A选项“通过问答的方式”，与文章开篇的写作手法完全匹配。 2．根据划线词所在句前一句“For a long time, the Chinese have been using these tools for their everyday meals.”，且本句“Holding the pair of sticks between the fingers of one hand, they can pick up any piece of food.”描述的是“用一只手的手指夹住筷子，能夹起任何一块食物” 的动作执行者。“they” 在此处指代前文的“The Chinese”即中国人。 3．根据第二段中“usually made of wood or bamboo”；第二段中“pick up any piece of food”、第三段“being used as cooking tools”；第三段中“invented over 3,000 years ago in China”；第五至七段“Avoid sticking the ends of chopsticks... Avoid using your chopsticks to point at people”了解了筷子的材质、用途、历史时长和使用礼仪。 4．全文围绕筷子展开，依次介绍了筷子的材质、使用历史、使用特点，还详细说明了使用筷子的礼仪禁忌，是对筷子相关知识的全面科普。B选项“告诉人们一些关于筷子的事情”，精准概括了文章的科普目的。 When people get old, they retire (退休). The same thing happens for power batteries in new energy cars. But after these batteries “retire”, they can be recycled. Recently, China put out 22 national standards for recycling power batteries. As batteries get older, they don’t work as well. At a 75 percent capacity (容量), they’re near the end of their life in a car. Some metals in the dying batteries are bad for people. They may also cause a fire explosion, according to the Australian Electric Vehicle Council. Recycling the batteries is helpful. For example, China needs a lot of lithium (锂), importing (进口) about 5.25 million tons of lithium concentrate in 2024. Recycling lithium from used batteries can cut down the need for imports, as reported by Xinhua. When it comes to recycling, hydrometallurgical recycling is a main way. It separates the battery’s electrodes from thin pieces of materials. Chemicals are used to break down the glue or burn it off. The remaining powder is then mixed into a special liquid (液体). Useful metals are taken out through a method that puts two liquids that do not mix well together, like oil and water. This makes it easy to separate and collect the metals, said the Union of Concerned Scientists. But this progress could lead to waste water and gas. Many companies are trying to solve this problem. For example, new energy car maker BYD burns the electrolytes at 1,100 C to turn it into carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen. The harmful gases are gone after a second burn and quick cooling. 1．What happens to power batteries in new energy cars when they “retire”? A．They are recycled. B．They are thrown away. C．They are reused in other cars. D．They are sold to other countries. 2．Why is recycling power batteries important for China? A．It makes new energy cars last longer. B．It cuts down the need to import lithium. C．It helps prevent accidents caused by cars. D．It helps reduce the cost of making new ones. 3．What is the correct order of hydrometallurgical recycling when recovering lithium? A．Mix two liquids-collect electrodes-break down glue-collect lithium B．Collect lithium-mix with special liquid-separate metals-separate electrodes C．Burn off the electrodes-collect lithium-mix with special liquid-separate metals D．Separate the electrodes-mix into special liquid-mix two liquids-collect lithium 4．How does BYD deal with harmful gases during the recycling process? A．By breaking the electrolyte down in hot water. B．By storing the harmful gases in special facilities. C．By burning the electrolyte and then cooling it quickly. D．By preventing air from entering the recycling process. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了新能源汽车动力电池的回收问题。 1．第一段明确指出：“But after these batteries ‘retire’, they can be recycled.”，这直接说明新能源汽车的动力电池“退役”后会被回收利用。 2．第三段指出：“Recycling lithium from used batteries can cut down the need for imports, as reported by Xinhua.”，这直接说明回收动力电池对中国很重要的原因是能减少锂的进口需求。 3．第四段依次提到：“It separates the battery’s electrodes”，“The remaining powder is then mixed into a special liquid”，“Useful metals are taken out through a method that puts two liquids that do not mix well together, like oil and water”，这直接说明湿法回收的正确顺序是分离电极→混入特殊液体→混合两种不相溶的液体→收集锂（有用金属）。 4．第五段指出：“For example, new energy car maker BYD burns the electrolytes at 1,100 C... The harmful gases are gone after a second burn and quick cooling.”，这直接说明比亚迪通过燃烧电解液并快速冷却的方式处理回收过程中产生的有害气体。 ①From carpenter (木匠) to great artist—this was the course of Qi Baishi’s life. Qi has made great achievements in artistic culture. In 1953, he was honored with the title “People’s Artist” by Chinese government. ②Qi Baishi has left behind a large number of works that cover many subjects, including shrimps, crabs and fish. These artworks have often been on display (展览) , attracting millions of art lovers. For most people, however, his masterpieces are his paintings of shrimps like Mo Xia and Xia Qutu. ③Qi’s works are not only about animals but also about flowers and vegetables. People love these nature-based paintings because the works remind them of the countryside and of their hometowns. The dove is another common subject in Qi’s art during his later years, showing his wish for world peace. ④Whether they are landscapes, shrimps, flowers or figures (人物) , Qi’s paintings are rich in expressions and details. At the beginning, he painted these by following ancient models. Later, he developed a personal style by using heavy ink, bright colors and energetic strokes (笔锋) to give them an almost real-life feel. He created works in a fresh and lively way, showing his love for nature and life. His art reflected an international trend in modern art at the time, yet he expressed it in a typical Chinese way. ⑤Qi kept fighting for higher goals, especially as he got older. The man still continued to work even in his 70s. While many other Chinese artists retire from public life at an old age, Qi actively took on more social responsibilities. He said: “I love my hometown, my country and all the lives there. In recent years, I have realized that what I pursue is world peace.” In 1956, he was awarded the International Peace Prize by the World Peace Council (理事会) . ⑥In short, Qi Baishi has influenced a large number of people in China. Not only do his works play an important part in Chinese culture, but his spirits also encourage generations of Chinese people. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about Qi’s works? __________ A．His most famous paintings are about crabs. B．His works are only about flowers and vegetables. C．He developed a personal style by using dark colors. D．Nature- based paintings make people think of their hometowns. 2．Which saying can best describe the spirit of Qi according to the passage? __________ A．Silence is golden. B．Life is short, art is long. C．Manners make the man. D．Keep something for a rainy day. 3．What does the underlined word them in paragraph ④refer to? __________ A．Qi’s paintings. B．energetic strokes. C．ancient models. D．nature. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? __________ A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了齐白石从木匠到伟大艺术家的生平历程，以及他在艺术领域的杰出成就和对世界和平的追求。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“People love these nature-based paintings because the works remind them of the countryside and of their hometowns.”可知，以自然为基础的画作让人们想起他们的家乡。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，齐白石一生都在追求艺术，即使年老也不停止创作，选项B“生命短暂，艺术长存”能很好地描述他对艺术的追求精神，文中虽无原句直接对应，但从其一生的艺术历程可知。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“At the beginning, he painted these following ancient models. Later, he developed a personal style…”可知，起初，他临摹古代范本进行创作；后来，他逐渐形成个人风格，运用水墨浓重、色彩明丽、笔锋遒劲有力的手法，使画作几近栩栩如生，所以，此处“them”指代的是Qi的画作。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容，文章结构为：①总起介绍齐白石；②③④分别介绍他的作品题材、风格特点；⑤介绍他的精神追求；⑥总结他的影响。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $