Units 1-3 Grammar 现在完成时期中复习课件2025-2026学年译林版英语 八年级下册

这是一份初中英语译林版八年级下册Units1-3语法课件，共60页，聚焦现在完成时，涵盖定义、结构、动词过去分词、时间状语、与一般过去时对比及练习，搭建从基础概念到应用实践的学习支架。 资料特色鲜明，通过结构对比表格（如have/has been in/to/gone to）、动词转换表等创新设计，融合核心素养，分析短暂性动词转换培养思维品质，多样练习提升语言能力，帮助学生系统掌握语法，为教师提供清晰教学框架和丰富资源。八年级学生处于初中承上启下阶段，需巩固语法基础，资料助力掌握中考重点，为升学考试做准备。

译林版 八年级下册 Units1-3 语法 The present perfect tense Teaching objectives 1.To master the structure and basic usage of present perfect tense. 2.To learn the rules of forming the past participle of verbs. 3.To learn some time expressions usually used in PPT. 1. Shenzhen has attracted people from across the world. 2. Shenzhen has become a symbol of China’s development. 3. Most family have built beautiful houses. 4. Have you been to Xinjiang, Mille? 5. That museum has kept a rich collection of artworks from the Qing Dynasty. Free talk the present perfect tense have/has+done(过去分词) 现在完成时的基本定义 e.g. He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 分析：动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。 e.g. He has taught in our school for ten years. 自上个星期以来他一直很忙。 分析：动作从10年前开始，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。 现在 过去 过去动作延续现在 1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present. 现在 过去 过去动作对现在有影响 e.g. I have already finished my homework.我已经完成我的作业了。 分析：动作发生在过去，强调“完成作业”对现在的影响，可能是现在有了更多的空闲时间等。 e.g. I have seen this film recently. 我最近看过这个电影了 分析：动作发生在过去，强调“看过”对现在的影响，可能我不想再看了。 2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present. 表示发生在过去、对现在有影响的动作。 e.g. I have watched the film twice. 这部电影我已经看过两遍了。 分析：表示对这部电影有所了解。 e.g. I have never met him before. 我以前从未见过他。 分析：表示从过去到现在从未去过。 3. We use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an acton has happened till now. e.g. Millie and Amy have been to Hong Kong twice. Millie和Amy去过香港两次。 我从来没去过香港。 你曾经去过香港吗? e.g. Have you ever been to Hong Kong? e.g. I have never been to Hong Kong. have/has been to 去过/没去过什么地方, 已回，表示经历 have/has gone to e.g.--- Where is Tom? --- He has gone to Nanjing. 汤姆在哪里? –他去了南京。 他们去了北京。下周将会回来。 e.g.They have gone to Beijing. They will come /be back next week. e.g. Kitty has gone to Hong Kong. You can call her. 去了某地（还没回来） Kitty去了香港，你可以打电话给她。 e.g. We have been in Luoyang for three days. 我们已经在洛阳三天了。 他已经在公交车站一个小时了。 e.g. He has been at the bus stop for an hour. “一直待在某地”，表示持续 have/has been in/at have/has been in/at have/has been to have/has gone to 含义 标志词 共同点 一直待，表示持续 for … since … 去过/没去过，已回 表示经历 次数/ever/never/ just 去了，现在不在 未回 Where is …? … will come back. He has gone to somewhere. I have been to there many times. I have been in here for two days. 后面有home/here/there/somewhere/abroad等地点副词+Where 去掉介词 I have already read this book many times. He has worked in the company for over ten years. I have already finished my homework. I have had a cold since 5 days ago. She has finished her homework. They have ever traveled by train. started in the past and continues to the present happened in the past and has a connection with the present. talk about how many times an action has happened till now Exercise:Match the reasons for using the present perfect tense on the right with the sentences on the left. Exercise 1. ----Where is Jack? ----He_______ _______ _______ Beijing. 2. You can't find Mr Li. He _____ _____home. 3. ______ you ever ______ abroad? 4. I _______ ______ _______ the UK for about 5 years. 5. The foreigner _______ ______ ______ China since 2006. Have been has gone have been in has gone to has been in 现在完成时的基本结构 (1)We make positive statements in the present perfect tense like this: I/You/We/They have arrived in Shenzhen. He/She/It has (2)We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this: I/You/We/They have not arrived in Shenzhen. He/She/It has Tip: have not=haven't has not=hasn't (3)We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this: Have I/you/we/they arrived in Shenzhen?　 Has　 he/she/it Yes， I/you/we/they　 have. he/she/it　 has.　 No， I/you/we/they　 haven't. he/she/it　 hasn't.　 (4)Wh-question. 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done+其它？ How long has the girl learned English? Exercise 1. Lisa已经完成家庭作业了。 Lisa ______________ (finish) their homework. has finished not Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. they have= they’ve have not= haven’t 1.肯定句: 主语+have/has+done+其他。 2.否定句: 主语+have/has+not +done+其他。 3.一般疑问句: Have/has+ 主语+done+其他? Yes, 主语+have/has. No, 主语+have/hasn’t. 4.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done+其它？ Summary How to form past participles？ have/ has + done 助动词，无实义 动词的过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 1. We form the past participles of regular verbs by adding -ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of these verbs. Most verbs + ed finish→finished Verbs ending in -e + d change→changed Verbs ending in a consonant + y - y + ied carry→carried Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant + ed stop→stopped regular verbs(规则动词） help hope helped hoped cried chatted 大多数动词末尾加-ed Most verbs +ed Verbs ending in -e +d 结尾是e的动词加-d Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y+ied cry 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的 动词，先变“y”为“ i” 再加-ed Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant +ed 以“一个元音+一个辅音” 结尾的单音节动词 chat plan planned 2. We form the past participles of irregular verbs differently. Here are some examples. 不规则动词变化表 不规则动词变化表 不规则动词变化表 不规则动词变化表 不规则动词变化表 不规则动词变化表 Exercise 1.wake ________ 8. teach _______ 2. sell ________ 9. throw _______ 3. ride ________ 10. pay _______ 4. choose ________ 11. see _______ 5. think ________ 12. eat _______ 6. drive ________ 13. give _______ 7. bring ________ 14. be _______ woken sold ridden chosen thought driven brought taught thrown paid seen eaten given been Exercise 1. He _____________ (not finish) his work yet. 2. __________ you ever __________ (see) a dolphin show? 3. They _______________ (live) here since they moved here in 2000. 4. I ______________ (watch) this movie twice. Maybe you can invite others. 5. My mother ____________ just ____________ (cook) dinner. 6. Mr. Li _______________ (teach) math for ten years. hasn’t finished Have seen have lived have watched has cooked has taught Why should we use the present perfect tense? 现在完成时的时间状语 already “己经” 用于肯定句 句中(助后实前)/句末 e.g. I’ve already had breakfast. = I’ve had breakfast already. “还(没)”用于否定句 句末 “己经” 用于疑问句 句末 I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? yet 当在肯定陈述句中含有already时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 去掉，在句末加上yet. Jessica _______already ________(prepare) the dinner. has prepared 否：Jessica ________ __________ the dinner______. hasn’t prepared yet 疑：________ Jessica __________ the dinner______? Has prepared yet Time adverbials 1: ever “曾经” 用于肯定句/一般疑问句 句中 never “从未” 用于否定句 句中 e.g. Have you ever eaten Nanjing Salted Duck? e.g. He has never read the story. over / in the (past / last) years “在(过去的)这几年间” so far, up to now, until / till now “到目前为止” e.g. Yancheng has changed a lot over the past years. e.g. So far, he has never been to Hongkong. just “刚刚”，常用于肯定句中 e.g. I have just made my mind to apologize. just →present perfect tense just now→simple past tense —I’ve _____ finished the paper. What about you?   —I finished it _____too. just now; just         B. just; just        C. just now; just now    D. just; just now time adverbials indicating the number of times 表示次数 e.g. He _________ (see) the film Zootopia twice. has seen recently “最近” /in the recent years,句首/句末 e.g. Recently, we _________ (take) action to stop the heavy pollution. have taken 句式 位置 already ever just never yet recently 肯定句 have/has后，句末 疑问句&否定句 主语后have/has后 have/has后 否定句 have/has后 否定句&疑问句 句末 肯定句，否定句,疑问句 句末较多 肯定句 Summary Have you finished your breakfast ______? I have ______ seen such a beautiful sunset in my life. She has ___________ called her parents to tell them the good news. They have lived in London ______ 2018. Has he returned the book to the library _____? We have studied English _____ six years. Have you ______ tried climbing a high mountain? He has ______ arrived home from work, so he’s a bit tired now. My little sister has ______ been on a plane before. She hasn’t eaten anything ______ she got up this morning. Choose the correct adverbs of time to complete the sentences. (ever, never, just, already, for, since, yet) since yet never already / just since yet for ever just never Time adverbials 2: e.g.I have lived here since I was born. e.g.He has studied hard since he entered high school. since 的用法 1. Since + 过去某个时间点（此时 since 充当介词） e.g. He has been in this school since 2000. e.g. She has worked here since last summer. e.g. She has known Susan since seven years ago. e.g. I have learned to play the piano since five years ago. 2. Since + 一段时间 + ago（此时 since 充当介词） 3. Since + 从句（此时 since 充当连词） Time adverbials 2: e.g.I have lived here since I was born. e.g.He has studied hard since he entered high school. since 的用法 e.g. He has been in this school since 2000. e.g. She has worked here since last summer. e.g. She has known Susan since seven years ago. e.g. I have learned to play the piano since five years ago. 2. Since + 一段时间 + ago（此时 since 充当介词） 3. Since + 从句（此时 since 充当连词） 1. Since + 过去某个时间点（此时 since 充当介词） 主句 现在完成时 1. --Have you ______ your homework yet? --Yes, I ______ it an hour ago. A. finish; finished B. finished; finished C. finished; have finished D. finish; have finished 2. She ______ in Beijing since she was born. A. lives B. has lived C. lived D. is living 3. 4. --______ he ______ lunch yet? --Yes, he ate it ten minutes ago. A. Has; had B. Did; have C. Does; have D. Has; have Exercise Time adverbials 3: since和 for引导表示一段时间的用法 I have lived here since I was born. I have lived here since 2018. I have lived here since 9 years ago. I have lived here for 9 years. Since 过去某个时间点 从句(一般过去时) for + 一段时间 一段时间 + ago 主句 现在完成时 since表动作开始的起点, 侧重“从何时开始” for+时间段（表动作持续的时长）侧重“持续多久” I have lived in this city ______ 2000. She has learned English ______ 5 years. They have been friends ______ they were children. We have waited for the bus ______ 20 minutes. My brother has had this bike ______ last month. The museum has been open ______ 10 years. He hasn’t eaten anything ______ this morning. I have not seen my cousin ______ a long time. The baby has slept ______ 3 hours. They have studied French ______ 2020. Exercise for since since for since for since for for since ✗ ✓  He has left Beijing for a year.  He has not left Beijing for a long time.  They have bought a car since 2020.  They have not bought a car since 2020. ✗ ✓ 像 “come、go、leave、buy” 这类动词称为短暂性动词（表示动作瞬间完成、无持续性过程），虽然可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中不能和 “for” 或 “since” 连用。  He has left Beijing for a year.  They have bought a car since 2020. ✗ ✗  He has been away from Beijing for a year.  They have had a car since 2020. ✓ ✓ leave -- have been away from buy -- have had 注意：在现在完成时肯定句中，如果出现 ①表示一段时间的状语。 ②我们要用延续性动词（表示动作可持续、有过程）。 ③have/has+延续性动词的过去分词。 短暂性动词 延续性动词 Used for a continuous state leave come/go/arrive marry borrow join begin/start die buy finish open have/has been away from have/has been in/at have/has been married have/has kept have/has been in have/has been a member of have/has been on have/has been dead be away be in/at be married keep be in/be a member of be on be dead have be over have/has had have/has been over 下面是一些常用的短暂性动词和延续性动词： be open have/has been open 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5 years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? Exercise have kept has been in/ been a member of the army since 5 years ago/ for 5 years came did catch 对for或since引导的时间状语提问，能用when吗？ e.g. I have been in Fuzhou for two months. e.g. Linda has studied Chinese since 5 years ago. →How long have you been in Fuzhou? →How long has Linda studied Chinese ? 对since和 for引导表示一段时间的时间状语用How long 提问。 1. I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 2. We ______ friends since we were in primary school. A. are B. were C. have been D. have made 3. My sister ______ this dress since last month. She wears it every day. A. bought B. has bought C. has had D. had 4. The old man ______ for ten years, but we still miss him very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. was dead Exercise I _________ (buy) this computer for three years. He __________ (borrow) the magazine since last month. We __________ (arrive) in Shanghai for five days. My brother ____________ (leave) school for half a year. She __________ (join) the music club since 2023. The old man ____________ (die) for five years. My parents __________ (get) married for twenty years. They __________ (come) in this city since 2019. The movie __________ (begin) for forty minutes. The class __________ (stop) for ten minutes. have had Exercise has kept have been has been away has been in has been dead have been have been has been on has been over He got married in 2019. (It’s year 2026 now.) = He has been married since 2019. = He has been married for eight years. = He has been married since eight years ago. = It is/ It has been eight years since he got married. = Eight years has passed since he got married. It is/ It has been + 一段时间 + since +一般过去时的句子 一段时间 + has passed + since +一般过去时的句子 现在完成时vs一般过去时 We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present. 我们使用现在完成时来谈论从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。 e.g. They led us to the restaurant when we arrived. past present 重点在于陈述引领我们去餐厅这一过去发生的事件。 We use the simple past tense for an action in the past and the action is over. 我们使用一般过去时来描述过去发生的动作，并且该动作已经结束。 e.g. We've lived in a small old house since we came here. 现在 过去 过去动作延续现在 重点在于谈论从过去一直住到现在。 • We use the simple past tense to describe what happened in the past. The action is finished. 我们使用一般过去时来描述过去发生的事情，且该动作已经结束。 She lost her way two days ago. past present two years ago • We use the present perfect tense to talk about the result of an action. 我们使用现在完成时来谈论某动作的结果。 She has lost her way. She has to call the police for help. past present 重点在于陈述迷路这一过去发生的事件。 重点在于谈论她迷路，现在需要警察帮忙这一结果。 现在 过去 过去动作对现在有影响 • We use the simple past tense to describe what happened in the past. 我们使用一般过去时来描述过去发生的事情。 past present My dad went to China last month. • We use the present perfect tense to describe how many times an action has happened up to the present. 我们用现在完成时来描述过去某个动作到目前为止已经发生的次数。 My dad has been to China three times. past present last month 重点在于陈述父亲上个月去过中国这一过去发生的事件。 重点在于谈论父亲去过中国三次(现在对中国比较熟悉)。 I ____________ (finish) my homework already. I can go out to play. He __________ (finish) his homework an hour ago. My father __________ (go) to Beijing. He will come back next week. My father __________ (go) to Beijing last month. We __________ (know) each other since we were children. We __________ (meet) for the first time in 2010. She __________ (live) in this city for 10 years. She __________ (live) in this city in 2015. They __________ (see) this film three times. They __________ (see) this film last night. Exercise saw have finished finished has gone went have known met has lived lived have seen Summary 动词过去式did has/have + 动词的过去分词 过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态 从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 已经发生或完成的动作或状态对现在造成的结果或产生的影响 到目前为止，某动作发生的次数 如 yesterday，the other day，last …， … ago等。 如already, ever, just, recently, (not) yet, so far, up to now, until/till now, since, for等。 谓语动词 一般过去时 现在完成时 用法 标志词 1.--Have you ever been to Shanghai? --Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou. A. worked  B. was working C. would work     D. have worked 2. I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden. A. enjoyed        B. have enjoyed         C. enjoy            D. had enjoyed 3.  My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.  A. was working  B. is working    C. has worked D. will work Exercise 4. -- Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon? --Because they         Longzhong for a study trip.  A. have gone to     B. have been to      C. had gone to  D. had been to 5. --Where are the teachers now?         -- In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes. A. have begun  B. have been on C. have had D. have been held 6. --Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. --She       Wuhan.  She’ll be back next week. A. has gone to       B. has been to     C. have gone to  D. have been to  1. Kate’s brother has been married for two years. (改为同义句) Kate’s brother ________ ______ ______ ________. 2. My mother has worked in the factory for sixteen years. (对画线部分提问) 　_____ ____ _____ your mother _______ in the factory? 3. Uncle Li has been to Shanghai on business twice. (对画线部分提问)　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 _______ _____ _______ ______ Uncle Li ________ to Shanghai on business? 4. Judy went jogging in the park this morning. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ Judy __________ jogging in the park? married two years ago How long has worked How many times has been When did go Thank you $