必修一至必修三各单元语法梳理及同步练-2026届高三英语一轮复习北师大版

北师大版高中英语必修一至必修三 各单元语法梳理及练习题 必修一 Unit 1 Life Choices 语法梳理 核心语法：动词不定式（非谓语动词）、条件句与并列句 一、动词不定式（to do）核心要点 1. 基本结构：to + 动词原形（否定式：not to + 动词原形），可省略to的情况：情态动词（can, will, may等）后、使役动词（make, let, have）后、感官动词（see, hear, watch等）后。 2. 句法功能：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语，本单元重点掌握作宾语、状语的用法，贴合“生活选择”话题，用于表达计划、目的、动作倾向。 二、条件句（if引导）核心要点 1. 真实条件句：if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时（will/might/could），表示可能发生的事实，用于表达选择的条件与结果。 2. 虚拟条件句（基础）：与现在事实相反，if从句用过去时（be动词用were），主句用would/should/could/might + 动词原形。 三、并列句核心要点 用并列连词（and, but, or, so, nor）连接两个或多个简单句，表达选择、转折、因果等关系，贴合单元“生活选择”中不同选择的关联。 （注：本单元同时涉及-ed/-ing形容词，补充要点：-ing形容词修饰人或物，表“令人……的”；-ed形容词修饰人，表“感到……的”） 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. I decide ______ a gap year to travel after graduating from high school.（考查不定式作宾语） A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 2. If you ______ hard now, you will have more choices in the future.（考查真实条件句） A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied 3. The movie was so ______ that all the audience felt ______.（考查-ed/-ing形容词） A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 4. I want to go to college, ______ my parents hope I can find a job first.（考查并列句连词） A. and B. but C. or D. so 5. If I ______ a million dollars, I would travel around the world.（考查虚拟条件句） A. have B. had C. will have D. have had 二、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. He plans to learn a new language.（改为否定句） 2. If we don’t work hard, we won’t achieve our dreams.（改为同义句） 3. The teacher made the students finish their homework on time.（改为被动语态，提示：make sb. do sth. 被动为sb. be made to do sth.） 4. She felt tired because she worked all day.（改为并列句） 5. The book is interesting. I want to read it again.（用不定式连接两个句子） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） Every choice we make has consequences. It is important ______ (consider) carefully before making any decision. Sometimes, we may need ______ (evaluate) the consequences of our choices. If we make wise choices, we ______ (live) a better life. Some people are afraid ______ (make) wrong choices, but we can learn from our mistakes. Remember, it’s never too late ______ (change) our direction and start again. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.B（decide to do sth. 决定做某事，不定式作宾语）；2.A（真实条件句，从句一般现在时）；3.A（exciting修饰movie，表“令人兴奋的”；excited修饰audience，表“感到兴奋的”）；4.B（转折关系，用but）；5.B（虚拟条件句，与现在事实相反，从句用过去时）。 二、句型转换：1. He doesn’t plan to learn a new language.；2. Work hard, or we won’t achieve our dreams.；3. The students were made to finish their homework on time by the teacher.；4. She worked all day, so she felt tired.；5. The book is interesting enough for me to read again.（或I want to read the interesting book again.） 三、短文填空：1.to consider；2.to evaluate；3.will live；4.to make；5.to change（均考查不定式的不同用法，贴合单元语法重点）。 Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 语法梳理 核心语法：定语从句（关系代词）、不定代词 一、定语从句（关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose）核心要点 1. 定义：修饰名词或代词（先行词）的从句，紧跟在先行词后，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语。 2. 重点关系代词用法： - who：先行词是人，在从句中作主语（不可省略）； - whom：先行词是人，在从句中作宾语（可省略）； - which：先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）； - that：先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，不能用于非限制性定语从句）； - whose：先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语，表“……的”。 3. 本单元语境：用于描述运动、健身相关的人或物，如“the sport that I like”“the athlete who won the prize”。 二、不定代词核心要点 1. 常见不定代词：someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, no one/nobody, something, anything, nothing, everything等。 2. 用法：修饰不定代词的形容词需后置；someone/something用于肯定句，anyone/anything用于否定句和疑问句，no one/nothing表否定。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. The boy ______ is playing basketball on the playground is my classmate.（考查who作主语） A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the basketball ______ I bought yesterday.（考查which/that作宾语） A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 3. Do you know the athlete ______ team won the championship?（考查whose作定语） A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 4. There is ______ interesting in the newspaper today. Let’s read a book instead.（考查不定代词） A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 5. The teacher gave us ______ useful advice on how to keep fit.（考查不定代词修饰语后置） A. some B. any C. something D. anything 二、判断句子正误，错误的请改正（每题2分，共10分） 1. The sport which I like best is swimming.（ ） 2. He is the man whom helped me with my fitness training.（ ） 3. I have a friend whose father is a famous coach.（ ） 4. There is anything wrong with my sports shoes.（ ） 5. The book that I read it yesterday is about sports nutrition.（ ） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） Sports are an important part of our life. I have a friend ______ loves sports very much. He often plays basketball with his teammates, ______ are all good at playing. The basketball court ______ they play on is near our school. There is ______ special about this court—it has a history of 20 years. Everyone who plays here can find ______ interesting to do, whether it’s playing basketball or chatting with friends. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.B（先行词是boy，人，从句作主语，用who）；2.C（先行词是basketball，物，从句作宾语，用which）；3.C（先行词是athlete，人，从句作定语，用whose）；4.C（根据后句“读本书吧”，可知报纸上没什么有趣的，用nothing）；5.A（advice是不可数名词，用some修饰，something后需接形容词后置，此处不适用）。 二、判断正误：1.√；2.×（whom改为who，从句作主语，需用who）；3.√；4.×（anything改为something，肯定句用something，否定句/疑问句用anything）；5.×（去掉it，that在从句中作宾语，it多余）。 三、短文填空：1.who；2.who；3.which/that；4.something；5.something（1、2考查who引导定语从句，3考查which/that引导定语从句，4、5考查不定代词用法）。 Unit 3 Celebrations 语法梳理 核心语法：被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时）、强调句（基础） 一、被动语态核心要点 1. 定义：表示动作的承受者作主语，即“某事被做”，结构：be + 过去分词（be动词随时态变化）。 2. 本单元重点时态： - 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词（描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作，如节日的庆祝方式）； - 一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词（描述过去发生的被动动作，如去年的庆祝活动）。 3. 注意：不及物动词（如happen, occur）无被动语态；主动语态中宾语是反身代词时，无被动语态。 4. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“庆祝活动”，常用被动语态描述节日、仪式的举办、准备等，如“Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated in China”。 二、强调句（基础）核心要点 1. 基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语、状语）+ that/who + 其他部分（被强调部分是人时，可用who；其他情况用that）。 2. 本单元语境：强调庆祝活动中的重要人物、时间、地点等，如“It is my family that I spend Spring Festival with”。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. The Spring Festival ______ in many countries around the world now.（考查一般现在时被动） A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated D. was celebrated 2. A big party ______ in our school last night to celebrate Teachers’ Day.（考查一般过去时被动） A. held B. was held C. is held D. holds 3. It is my mother ______ prepares delicious food for our family on festivals.（考查强调句，强调主语） A. who B. that C. whom D. which 4. The letter ______ by my father yesterday. He was very busy.（考查被动语态否定式） A. isn’t written B. wasn’t written C. didn’t write D. doesn’t write 5. It was in 2023 ______ I first attended the Lantern Festival in Beijing.（考查强调句，强调时间状语） A. when B. where C. that D. who 二、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival to remember Qu Yuan.（改为被动语态，一般现在时） 2. We held a celebration for our team’s victory last week.（改为被动语态，一般过去时） 3. My sister made the birthday cake for me.（改为被动语态） 4. I met my old friend at the Spring Festival party.（改为强调句，强调地点状语） 5. She likes celebrating festivals with her friends.（改为被动语态，否定式） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） Every year, many traditional festivals ______ (celebrate) in China. The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important festivals. It ______ (hold) on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. Mooncakes ______ (eat) by people during this festival. It is the full moon ______ symbolizes reunion. Last year, a big family gathering ______ (organize) by my grandparents, and we all had a good time. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.B（一般现在时被动，主语是Spring Festival，单数，用is celebrated）；2.B（一般过去时被动，last night提示过去时，主语是party，用was held）；3.A（强调主语my mother，是人，用who）；4.B（一般过去时被动否定，yesterday提示过去时，用wasn’t written）；5.C（强调时间状语in 2023，用that）。 二、句型转换：1. The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated by people to remember Qu Yuan.；2. A celebration for our team’s victory was held by us last week.；3. The birthday cake was made for me by my sister.；4. It was at the Spring Festival party that I met my old friend.；5. Celebrating festivals with her friends is not liked by her.（或She doesn’t like festivals to be celebrated with her friends.） 三、短文填空：1.are celebrated；2.is held；3.are eaten；4.that；5.was organized（1、2、3、5考查被动语态，4考查强调句）。 必修二 Unit 4 Information Technology 语法梳理 核心语法：一般将来时（will与be going to区别）、过去将来时、复合词 一、一般将来时（will与be going to区别）核心要点 1. will用法： - 表示依据直觉、经验做出的揣测，或将来的经常性、习惯性动作； - 表示说话时临时做出的决定； - 表示请求、邀请，或意愿、意图。 2. be going to用法： - 事先经过考虑或准备，打算最近要做的事； - 根据现在的迹象，预计要发生的事。 3. 关键区别：be going to表“计划、迹象”，will表“临时决定、揣测、意愿”；be going to可用于将来时条件从句，will不行；will可用于条件从句主句表将来，be going to不行。 二、过去将来时核心要点 1. 定义：表示从过去的某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态，结构：would + 动词原形，或was/were going to + 动词原形。 2. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“信息技术”，用于描述过去对科技发展的预测、过去计划的科技相关动作，如“He said he would learn to use a new software”。 三、复合词核心要点 由两个或多个单词组合而成的词，本单元重点是科技类复合词，如website（网站）、software（软件）、online（在线的），多为名词或形容词，可直接作主语、宾语、定语。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. —I hear Jim was injured in a car accident. He is in hospital now. —Then I ______ go to see him.（考查will表临时决定） A. am going to B. will C. was going to D. would 2. Look at the dark clouds. It ______ rain soon.（考查be going to表迹象） A. will B. is going to C. would D. was going to 3. He said he ______ a new computer the next month.（考查过去将来时） A. will buy B. is going to buy C. would buy D. buys 4. If you ______ play basketball, you have to finish your homework first.（考查be going to用于条件从句） A. will B. are going to C. would D. were going to 5. We can get much information from the ______ easily.（考查科技类复合词） A. website B. web site C. web and site D. site web 二、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. I will learn to use a new app tomorrow.（改为be going to结构） 2. She said, “I will visit the science museum next week.”（改为间接引语，用过去将来时） 3. They are going to hold a meeting about AI technology.（改为否定句） 4. If it is fine, we will go camping.（改为同义句，用be going to不行，保持will） 5. He is going to write a letter tonight.（改为will结构，体现临时决定） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） With the development of information technology, our life is changing. I ______ (learn) online courses next term, because I have already made a plan. My father said he ______ (buy) a new laptop for me. Look at the notice—there ______ (be) a lecture about AI tomorrow afternoon. My friend and I ______ (attend) it together. We think this lecture ______ (help) us know more about technology. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.B（临时决定，用will）；2.B（根据乌云迹象，用be going to）；3.C（间接引语，过去将来时，用would buy）；4.B（条件从句表将来，用be going to）；5.A（website是复合词，表“网站”）。 二、句型转换：1. I am going to learn to use a new app tomorrow.；2. She said she would visit the science museum the next week.；3. They are not going to hold a meeting about AI technology.；4. We will go camping if it is fine.；5. He will write a letter tonight.（体现临时决定，无需提前计划）。 三、短文填空：1.am going to learn；2.would buy；3.will be；4.will attend；5.will help（1表计划，用be going to；2表过去将来，用would；3、4、5表将来，用will）。 Unit 5 Humans and Nature 语法梳理 核心语法：定语从句（关系副词when, where, why）、后缀 一、定语从句（关系副词）核心要点 1. 定义：关系副词在定语从句中作状语，代替先行词表示的时间、地点、原因，连接主句和从句，无需再用介词。 2. 重点关系副词用法： - when：先行词是表示时间的名词（day, year, time等），在从句中作时间状语，可替换为“介词+which”（如on which, in which）； - where：先行词是表示地点的名词（place, park, city等），在从句中作地点状语，可替换为“介词+which”（如in which, at which）；还可修饰抽象地点名词（case, situation等）； - why：先行词是表示原因的名词（reason），在从句中作原因状语，可替换为“for which”，有时可用that（作关系副词）。 3. 关键区分：关系代词（who/which等）作主语、宾语；关系副词作状语，从句不缺主语、宾语。 4. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“人与自然”，用于描述自然相关的时间、地点、原因，如“the place where we found rare plants”“the reason why we protect nature”。 二、后缀核心要点 通过在词根后加后缀构成新词，本单元重点是名词后缀（-tion, -ment, -ence）和形容词后缀（-ful, -less），如protection（保护，-tion后缀）、helpful（有帮助的，-ful后缀），贴合“自然保护”话题。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. This is the park ______ we first met during our nature trip.（考查where作地点状语） A. where B. when C. why D. which 2. I still remember the day ______ we visited the nature reserve.（考查when作时间状语） A. where B. when C. why D. that 3. Do you know the reason ______ we need to protect wild animals?（考查why作原因状语） A. where B. when C. why D. which 4. The situation ______ we found ourselves was very difficult.（考查where修饰抽象地点名词） A. where B. when C. why D. which 5. The ______ of the environment is everyone’s responsibility.（考查名词后缀-tion） A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protecting 二、对比填空（每题2分，共10分） 用where, when, why, which, that填空，区分关系副词与关系代词 1. Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in the forest?（作宾语） 2. Do you still remember the days ______ we chatted with each other all night?（作状语） 3. This is the factory ______ he used to work.（作状语） 4. This is the factory ______ I visited last year.（作宾语） 5. The reason ______ he told me yesterday is a lie.（作宾语） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） There is a beautiful mountain ______ many rare animals live. I went there on a day ______ the weather was fine. The guide told us the reason ______ this mountain is a protected area—because it is home to many endangered species. We visited a village near the mountain ______ the locals live a simple life. I will never forget the moment ______ I saw a cute panda in the wild. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.A（先行词是park，地点，从句作状语，用where）；2.B（先行词是day，时间，从句作状语，用when）；3.C（先行词是reason，原因，从句作状语，用why）；4.A（先行词是situation，抽象地点，从句作状语，用where）；5.B（protection是名词，-tion后缀，表“保护”）。 二、对比填空：1.that/which（作spent的宾语）；2.when（作时间状语）；3.where（作地点状语）；4.that/which（作visited的宾语）；5.that/which（作told的宾语）。 三、短文填空：1.where；2.when；3.why；4.where；5.when（均考查关系副词引导定语从句，贴合单元语境）。 Unit 6 The Admirable 语法梳理 核心语法：定语从句（介词+which/whom）、同义词和反义词 一、定语从句（介词+which/whom）核心要点 1. 定义：当关系代词which（指物）、whom（指人）在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可提前至关系代词前，构成“介词+which/whom”结构，此时关系代词不可省略，也不可用that替换。 2. 介词选择：根据先行词的搭配、从句中动词的搭配来确定，如“the book for which he is looking”（look for搭配，介词for提前）、“the person with whom I worked”（work with搭配，介词with提前）。 3. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“令人钦佩的人或事”，用于描述钦佩对象的相关细节，如“the hero for whom we have great respect”“the story about which we talked”。 二、同义词和反义词核心要点 1. 同义词：意义相同或相近的词，如admirable（令人钦佩的）与respectable（值得尊敬的）、brave（勇敢的）与courageous（勇敢的）； 2. 反义词：意义相反的词，如admirable与despicable（可鄙的）、brave与cowardly（懦弱的）； 3. 用法：在写作和表达中，替换同义词可丰富语言，使用反义词可形成对比，增强表达效果。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. This is the book ______ I spent a lot of time.（考查介词+which，spend time on sth.） A. which B. on which C. in which D. for which 2. The scientist ______ we talked just now is very famous.（考查介词+whom，talk to/with sb.） A. whom B. to whom C. which D. with which 3. He is a(n) ______ person, so everyone respects him.（考查同义词，admirable的同义词） A. despicable B. respectable C. cowardly D. lazy 4. The movie ______ we heard yesterday is very moving.（考查介词+which，hear about sth.） A. about which B. which C. about whom D. whom 5. His behavior is ______ to what we expected—he is not brave at all.（考查反义词，brave的反义词） A. similar B. same C. opposite D. different 二、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. This is the pen. I write with the pen.（合并为定语从句，用介词+which） 2. The girl. I played with the girl yesterday.（合并为定语从句，用介词+whom） 3. He is an admirable man.（改为同义句，用respectable） 4. The book which I am interested in is about a hero.（改为介词+which结构） 5. She is brave.（改为反义词句） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） There are many admirable people in our life. The doctor ______ we have great respect is always ready to help others. She works in a hospital ______ many poor people receive free treatment. The story ______ we talked yesterday tells us her selfless spirit. She is not only brave but also kind—her kindness is the opposite ______ selfishness. Everyone thinks she is a respectable person, and her deeds are ______ to those of a real hero. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.B（spend time on sth.，介词on提前，用on which）；2.B（talk to sb.，介词to提前，先行词是人，用to whom）；3.B（respectable是admirable的同义词，表“值得尊敬的”）；4.A（hear about sth.，介词about提前，先行词是物，用about which）；5.C（opposite表“相反的”，对应brave的反义词cowardly的语境）。 二、句型转换：1. This is the pen with which I write.；2. The girl with whom I played yesterday is my friend.；3. He is a respectable man.；4. The book in which I am interested is about a hero.；5. She is cowardly.（或She is not brave at all.） 三、短文填空：1.for whom（have respect for sb.）；2.in which；3.about which；4.of；5.similar（1、2、3考查介词+which/whom，4考查反义词搭配，5考查同义词搭配）。 必修三 Unit 7 Art 语法梳理 核心语法：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句） 一、名词性从句核心要点 1. 定义：在句中起名词作用的从句，可作主语、宾语、表语，统称名词性从句，引导词有that, whether/if, what, who, which, how, when, where, why等。 2. 分类及重点： - 主语从句：作句子主语，常置于句首，也可用it作形式主语（It is + 形容词/名词 + that从句），如“What he painted is very beautiful”“It is clear that he is a talented artist”； - 宾语从句：作动词、介词的宾语，that可省略（宾语从句位于句首或有多个宾语从句时不可省略），whether/if表“是否”，如“I don’t know whether he will come”“She is interested in what he said”； - 表语从句：作系动词（be, seem, look等）的表语，that不可省略，如“The fact is that he won the art competition”。 3. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“艺术”，用于表达对艺术作品、艺术家的看法、描述，如“what I like about this painting is its color”。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. ______ he painted impressed all the judges.（考查主语从句，缺主语） A. What B. That C. Which D. Where 2. I don’t know ______ he will attend the art exhibition tomorrow.（考查宾语从句，表“是否”） A. what B. that C. whether D. how 3. The reason for his success is ______ he works very hard.（考查表语从句） A. what B. that C. whether D. why 4. It is important ______ we should respect all kinds of art forms.（考查形式主语从句） A. that B. what C. whether D. how 5. She asked me ______ I thought of the new painting.（考查宾语从句，缺宾语） A. what B. that C. whether D. where 二、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. He will win the art competition. I believe it.（合并为宾语从句） 2. His painting is very beautiful. This is a fact.（合并为表语从句） 3. What does he think of the sculpture? I want to know.（合并为宾语从句） 4. He is a talented artist. It is clear.（合并为形式主语从句） 5. The painting is valuable. The reason is its unique style.（合并为表语从句） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） Art is an important part of human culture. ______ I love most about art is that it can express people’s feelings. Many people wonder ______ art can bring us happiness. The answer is ______ art connects people’s hearts. I believe ______ everyone can find beauty in art if they pay attention. The most important thing is ______ we should protect and develop traditional art forms. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.A（主语从句缺主语，用what，表“他画的东西”）；2.C（宾语从句表“是否”，用whether）；3.B（表语从句不缺成分，用that引导）；4.A（形式主语从句，it is important that...，that不可省略）；5.A（宾语从句缺宾语，what I thought of表“我认为……怎么样”）。 二、句型转换：1. I believe (that) he will win the art competition.；2. The fact is that his painting is very beautiful.；3. I want to know what he thinks of the sculpture.；4. It is clear that he is a talented artist.；5. The reason why the painting is valuable is that it has a unique style.。 三、短文填空：1.What；2.whether；3.that；4.that；5.that（1考查主语从句，2、4考查宾语从句，3、5考查表语从句）。 Unit 8 Green Living 语法梳理 核心语法：动词-ing和-ed形式（非谓语动词） 一、动词-ing和-ed形式核心要点 1. 基本形式：动词-ing形式（doing）、动词-ed形式（done），均为非谓语动词，不能单独作谓语，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 2. 核心区别： - 动词-ing形式：表主动、进行，修饰人或物，表“令人……的”“正在做……的”； - 动词-ed形式：表被动、完成，修饰人，表“感到……的”，也可修饰物，表“被……的”。 3. 句法功能（本单元重点）： - 作定语：置于名词前或后，如“a boring speech”（ing作定语，令人无聊的演讲）、“the polluted river”（ed作定语，被污染的河流）； - 作状语：表时间、原因、伴随、让步等，如“Walking in the park, we saw many trees”（ing作伴随状语）、“Injured in the accident, he couldn’t go to work”（ed作原因状语）； - 作表语：置于系动词后，如“The movie is exciting”（ing作表语）、“He is excited about the news”（ed作表语）。 4. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“绿色生活”，用于描述环境、环保动作，如“polluted air”（被污染的空气）、“protecting the environment”（保护环境）。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. The ______ news made all of us very happy.（考查-ed/-ing形容词） A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. excitingly 2. ______ the environment, we should plant more trees.（考查-ing作目的状语） A. Protect B. Protecting C. Protected D. To protect 3. The river ______ by the factory is now clean again.（考查-ed作定语，表被动） A. polluting B. polluted C. pollute D. to pollute 4. He sat there, ______ about his future green life.（考查-ing作伴随状语） A. think B. thinking C. thought D. to think 5. I felt ______ when I heard the news about environmental protection.（考查-ed形容词） A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. encouragingly 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共10分） 1. The ______ (pollute) water is harmful to people’s health.（考查-ed作定语） 2. ______ (save) energy, we should turn off the lights when we leave the room.（考查-ing作目的状语） 3. The children were ______ (interest) in the story about green living.（考查-ed作表语） 4. The teacher stood there, ______ (explain) the importance of protecting the environment.（考查-ing作伴随状语） 5. The ______ (surprise) result made everyone rethink their green habits.（考查-ing作定语） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） Green living is a way of life that helps protect our planet. We can see many ______ (plant) trees in our city, which makes the air fresher. ______ (live) a green life is not difficult—we can start with small things. The ______ (recycle) paper can be used again to save resources. When we see the ______ (pollute) environment, we should take action immediately. Everyone feels ______ (encourage) when they see the positive changes around them. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.A（news是物，用exciting，表“令人兴奋的”）；2.B（protecting作目的状语，表“为了保护环境”）；3.B（river与pollute是被动关系，用polluted，表“被污染的”）；4.B（thinking作伴随状语，表“坐着的时候在思考”）；5.B（主语是人，用encouraged，表“感到鼓舞的”）。 二、适当形式填空：1.polluted；2.Saving；3.interested；4.explaining；5.surprising（1、5考查-ed/-ing作定语，2考查-ing作目的状语，3考查-ed作表语，4考查-ing作伴随状语）。 三、短文填空：1.planted；2.Living；3.recycled；4.polluted；5.encouraged（1、3、4考查-ed作定语，2考查-ing作主语，5考查-ed作表语）。 Unit 9 Learning 语法梳理 核心语法：接动词-ing形式或不定式的动词、主谓一致 一、接动词-ing形式或不定式的动词核心要点 1. 接动词-ing形式的动词（本单元重点）：enjoy, practice, finish, mind, avoid, keep, suggest, consider等，后接doing作宾语，如“enjoy learning English”“practice speaking”。 2. 接不定式（to do）的动词（本单元重点）：want, hope, decide, plan, try, learn, agree, promise等，后接to do作宾语，如“want to learn new skills”“decide to study hard”。 3. 特殊动词（可接-ing或to do，意义不同）：try（try doing尝试做；try to do努力做）、remember（remember doing记得做过；remember to do记得要做）、forget（forget doing忘记做过；forget to do忘记要做）等。 4. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“学习”，用于描述学习动作、计划，如“practice learning new knowledge”“decide to improve our study”。 二、主谓一致核心要点 1. 定义：句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。 2. 本单元重点： - 单数主语（可数名词单数、不可数名词、不定代词someone/anything等）接单数谓语动词；复数主语（可数名词复数、集合名词表整体成员等）接复数谓语动词。 - 集合名词（family, class, team等）：表整体时，谓语用单数；表成员时，谓语用复数，如“The class is big.（表整体）”“The class are having a lesson.（表成员）”。 - 并列主语：由and连接两个单数主语，表不同的人/物时，谓语用复数；表同一人/物（如a teacher and writer）时，谓语用单数；由or, nor, either...or...连接时，谓语动词就近一致。 - 分数、百分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数由被修饰的名词决定（名词单数/不可数，谓语单数；名词复数，谓语复数）。 3. 语境贴合：本单元围绕“学习”，用于描述学习相关的人、事、物的主谓搭配，如“Everyone in our class likes learning English.（不定代词作主语，谓语单数）”“Our team are preparing for the English competition.（集合名词表成员，谓语复数）”。 语法专练 一、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. He enjoys ______ English songs in his free time.（考查接-ing形式的动词） A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. sang 2. My brother decided ______ a new learning method to improve his grades.（考查接不定式的动词） A. try B. trying C. to try D. tried 3. Our class ______ a big family, and all of us ______ studying together.（考查集合名词主谓一致） A. is; like B. are; like C. is; likes D. are; likes 4. Either you or he ______ responsible for the learning task.（考查就近一致原则） A. is B. are C. am D. be 5. Two-thirds of the students in our class ______ good at English.（考查分数修饰名词主谓一致） A. is B. are C. was D. were 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共10分） 1. She practices ______ (speak) English every morning to improve her pronunciation.（考查接-ing形式的动词） 2. I hope ______ (learn) a new language next semester.（考查接不定式的动词） 3. My family ______ (have) a big dinner together every weekend.（考查集合名词主谓一致，表整体） 4. He tried ______ (solve) the problem, but he failed.（考查try to do，表“努力做”） 5. Neither the teacher nor the students ______ (be) late for class yesterday.（考查就近一致原则，过去时） 三、短文填空（每空1分，共5分） Learning is a lifelong journey. Everyone in our school ______ (like) learning new things. My class ______ (be) made up of 45 students, and we all ______ (enjoy) studying together. Our teacher suggests ______ (read) more books to enrich our knowledge. I promise ______ (work) hard to make progress every day. 练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择：1.B（enjoy后接-ing形式，enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事）；2.C（decide后接不定式，decide to do sth. 决定做某事）；3.A（class表整体时谓语用单数is，all of us作主语谓语用复数like）；4.A（either...or...就近一致，he是单数，用is）；5.B（two-thirds修饰students，复数，谓语用are）。 二、适当形式填空：1.speaking；2.to learn；3.has；4.to solve；5.were（1考查-ing形式，2考查不定式，3考查集合名词表整体，4考查try to do，5考查就近一致+过去时）。 三、短文填空：1.likes（everyone作主语，谓语单数）；2.is（class表整体，谓语单数）；3.enjoy（we作主语，谓语复数）；4.reading（suggest后接-ing形式）；5.to work（promise后接不定式）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $