专题01 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，安徽专用）高二英语下学期

专题01 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽省培优联盟·期中） In less than two weeks since its release on Jan. 29, at the start of the Chinese New Year holiday, Ne Zha 2, an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology (神话) and a famous 16th-century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China, with more than $1.3 billion in ticket sales. It is also the first film not made by a Hollywood studio to cross that mark. Ne Zha 2 is a follow-up to what had been the highest-grossing animated film in China. In the 2019 original, Nezha is born as the rebirth of a demon (恶魔) with supernatural powers, but is destined to live only three years. He fights back against his fate and saves his village. In the follow-up, Nezha revisits a similar theme. He challenges the political order and authority governing gods and demons, fighting the Dragon King of the Four Seas and other creatures. The blockbuster delivered good news for the Chinese film industry, which is struggling with weak ticket sales and a falling economy. “Ne Zha 2 is the rare movie that hits all the marks,” said an independent Chinese film critic. “It targets all groups and has successfully won over all of them.” The film, distributed by CMC Pictures, will be released in North America on Friday. China Daily, a state-run newspaper, said in an opinion essay that Ne Zha 2 symbolizes the country’s “growing cultural confidence.” It is called evidence that China’s entertainment industry is telling its own stories instead of relying on Western studios to make movies based on Chinese folklore, citing Mulan from Walt Disney Studios as an example. “Ne Zha 2 reclaims the storytelling duty, proving that no one can narrate China’s myths better than China itself,” the essay stated. Traditional Chinese culture has also inspired breakthroughs in other forms of entertainment. In video games, Black Myth: Wukong, based on a classic 16th-century Chinese novel called “Journey to the West,” was an instant hit when it came out last year. 1．What do you know about Ne Zha 2? A．It follows a totally different theme from its original. B．It’s an animated film strictly adapted from a Chinese mythology. C．It tells of a demonic child who fights against his fate and saves his village. D．It’s the first homegrown film to become the highest-grossing one in China. 2．What most probably contributes to Ne Zha 2’s success? A．Its releasing time. B．Its appeal to all groups. C．Its excellent special effects. D．Its professional production team. 3．Why is Black Myth: Wukong mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To prove that Black Myth: Wukong is as good as Ne Zha 2. B．To indicate that China’s film industry is relying on itself. C．To boost the growing cultural confidence of Chinese people. D．To stress the inspiration of traditional Chinese culture in entertainment. 4．What might be a suitable title for the text? A．Mulan: A Walt Disney product based on Chinese folklore B．China Daily: A state-run newspaper thinking highly of Ne Zha 2 C．Ne Zha 2: An animated hit breaking box office records at home D．Ne Zha 2: A home grown animation to be released in North America Passage 2 （24-25高二下·芜湖一中·期中） One of the 2024 Nobel Prize winners in Physics, Geoffrey Hinton, who pioneered work on the neural (神经的) networks that support artificial intelligence, has warned that machines might someday get smarter than humans. Perhaps. But the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry honored a real-world example of how AI is helping humans today with amazing discoveries in protein structure that have far-reaching applications. This is a development worth appreciating. Proteins are biology’s lead actors, which control and drive all the chemical reactions that together are the basis of life. Proteins also function as signal substances, building blocks of different tissues. In the human body, they are necessary for the structure, function and regulation of tissues and organs. In the late 1950s, John Kendrew and Max Perutz from Cambridge University created the first 3D models of proteins, earning them the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. But in the following decades, progress in figuring out protein structures has been slow. It might take years to characterize a single structure. The three scientists who won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry have revolutionized the field. During biological research, they developed an AI and machine learning model that can predict the structure of proteins, decoding the amino acids (氨基酸) that make up each. The model, AlphaFold, can do in minutes what once took years. Besides, with the help of AlphaFold, scientists have found a better vaccine (疫苗) for malaria, a deadly disease caused by a shape-shifting parasite (寄生虫). Matthew Higgins at the University of Oxford said the breakthrough helped his team decide which bits of the protein to put in the vaccine, which trains the body’s immune system to detect it and act. This helped expedite his research from “a fundamental science stage to the preclinical and clinical development stage”. Anyone who has used ChatGPT knows that AI is not always correct. And without a doubt, there are risks when powerful technology falls into the hands of evil actors. So in the years ahead, AI dangers must be confronted and safeguards considered. But, at least for now, AlphaFold shows that AI can greatly enhance existing knowledge to benefit mankind. 1．What does the second paragraph focus on? A．The way that proteins help keep life healthy. B．The process of proteins regulating chemical reactions. C．The important role of proteins in biological research. D．The complex interaction between proteins and other tissues. 2．How does the author illustrate the impact of AI on biological research? A．By making a comparison. B．By presenting statistics. C．By referring to experts’ words. D．By describing a process. 3．What does the underlined word “expedite” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Work out. B．Speed up. C．Put off. D．Hold back. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards AI? A．Negative. B．Skeptical. C．Unconcerned. D．Objective. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·安徽部分学校联考·期中） Walkable communities are areas where the majority of services and goods are reachable without a car or public transportation. Up until the mid-20th century, plenty of cities in the US were designed for people walking in the street. However, as widespread development and rising housing prices pushed citizens towards the suburbs, the infrastructures (基础设施) that once helped develop well-connected communities disappeared. Only 6.8 percent of the population lives in highly walkable places, according to a 2023 report. Where a person settles down can directly affect the lifestyle habits they have. Researchers discovered that each 1 percent increase in an area’s walkability led to a 0.42 percent increase in people actually walking around the neighborhood. Research supports the idea that more walkable communities would be a net positive for society, especially as a way to help people extend their lifespans and their health spans — the number of years a person is able to function in good condition. Besides bolstering the population’s overall health, putting roots down in a walkable neighborhood can significantly increase a family’s overall wellness and quality of life. Happy people tend to lead longer lives, and one 2023 study even found that living in a walkable neighborhood was directly linked with the happiness of people between the ages of 36 to 45. Reasons behind this phenomenon tend to pile up. Mr. Smith, a sociologist, mentions, “Due to a limited dependency on cars, these communities’ more accessible layouts are better for the environment, which means cleaner air and less greenhouse gas emissions (排放). This benefits community wellness, as harmful or polluted air can negatively affect public health, contributing to disease in adults and developmental issues in children. Additionally, more walkable areas facilitate the local economy as strong social ties tend to support small businesses.” Human health gains are also extensive partly because how walker-friendly neighborhoods promote active lifestyles and outdoor activities such as running or biking. Even for younger generations, mental health and economic benefits abound in these spaces. As experts note, walking some distances can enhance children’s creativity in the long term. 1．What is a character of walkable communities? A．They are mainly located in rural areas. B．Most daily services are accessible without vehicles. C．They require extensive public transportation systems. D．The majority of houses are priced at a significantly high level. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The method of extending people’s lifetime. B．The convenience of walkable communities. C．The benefit of walkable communities for people’s health. D．The influence of housing prices on people’s walking habits. 3．What does the underlined word “bolstering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Recovering. B．Ignoring. C．Strengthening. D．Damaging. 4．Which can boost the local economy according to Mr. Smith? A．Less greenhouse gas emissions. B．The limited dependence on cars. C．The improvement of public health. D．Close relationships among residents. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·六安二中·期中） When you think of 3D printing, you may think of small objects. But three companies are working together to print something much bigger. They’re using a giant 3D printer to create what they say is the first two-storey 3D-printed house in the US. Usually, 3D printing involves a machine building something by putting down many layers of a material, often hot plastic. When the material hardens, the layers stick together to create a finished object. The method here is similar, but uses concrete. Leslie Lok, who designed the house, says there are special challenges involved in printing a two-storey house. One of the biggest is the size of the machine needed for the building. The 3D printer in Houston is massive. It weighs over 12 tons. Ms. Lok says printing the house will take the massive machine about 330 hours. That’s about eight normal work weeks. Though it’s a two-year project, the team isn’t in a rush. “We are not trying to beat the clock,” says Hikmat Zerbe, who works for a construction company called CIVE. Instead, they’re using the house as a “big laboratory” to learn more about 3D printing houses. They want to see how the concrete reacts “under different weather conditions”. They also want to figure out how to make 3D printing faster and cheaper. Mr. Zerbe says that currently, 3D printing a house with concrete costs more than building a house with wood. With time, Mr. Zerbe expects the costs of 3D printing houses to go down. He thinks printers will improve and make it easier to create more houses quickly. The 3D-printed concrete houses are stronger and hold up better in serious storms than houses built with wood. This can save money in the long run. Since the machine is doing the building, fewer workers are needed, which also saves money. 1．What do we know about the first 3D-printed house? A．It’s newly-designed by Mr Zerbe. B．It is created by a huge machine. C．It is built with hot plastic. D．It is a building with three floors. 2．What do the underlined words “beat the clock” in the fourth paragraph probably mean? A．Accomplish something quickly. B．Hit something suddenly. C．Concentrate on the task. D．Invent something special. 3． Why will the first 3D-printed house be completed in a long time? A．To better learn the new technology. B．To save the cost of building. C．To free labour completely. D．To make the machine have breaks. 4． What does Mr. Zerbe think of 3D printing in houses? A．Risky. B．Harmful. C．Promising. D．Changeable. 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With time, Mr Zerbe expects the costs of 3D printing houses to go down. He thinks printers will improve and make it easier to create more houses quickly.(Zerbe先生预计，随着时间的推移，3D打印房屋的成本将会下降。他认为打印机将会改进，使建造更多房屋变得更容易)”可推知，他对该项技术满怀期许，认为其前途可期。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·六安二中·期中） According to a study published this week, habitual napping (打盹) appears to be associated with a large brain volume (体积) in adults, although experts stressed that further research was needed. It reduces the cost caused by the lost time and the fatigue-related errors. The work followed previous studies that suggested a brief nap could improve people’s ability to learn. Arianna Huffington, a co-founder of Huff Post and the founder and chief executive of Thrive Global, said, “Given the latest science on the effectiveness of napping and the clear link between employees feeling well rested and their productivity, it’s long past time that businesses embrace short naps at work.” Some businesses, including Thrive Global, have already introduced facilities for employees to take naps. Google introduced sleep pods as far back as 2014 and companies like Nike and Ben & Jerry’s introduced nap rooms. The practice has even been adopted by the NHS, with a growing number of hospitals introducing sleep pods for staff in an effort to help them get more rest. Employees, it seems, are enthusiastic. Sean Greenwood, of Ben & Jerry’s, said, “If a quick nap gets employees more involved and creative, we’re happy to provide that for our team members.” Unfortunately, the practice of napping still suffers from our collective concept that sleep equals weakness and laziness. However, the performance-enhancing benefits of naps have been no secret to many leaders throughout history. It also gives the higher-ups the chance to acknowledge the 24/7 culture and come up with top-down solutions that encourage workers to take care of themselves in and out of work. While sleep experts stressed that a daytime nap could be beneficial, they said it was crucial to get enough shut-eye (睡眠) at the end of a day. It is the late stage of sleep, sometimes missed by early risers, that strengthens the nerve circuits that make for learning and memory, allowing the brain to make and consolidate new neural connections. Additionally, prioritizing sufficient sleep during the regular nightly sleep period is essential for overall well-being. 1． What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Work stress. B．A research finding. C．Learning abilities. D．The brain volume. 2． What is Arianna Huffington’s attitude toward napping? A．Indifferent. B．Unclear. C．Approving. D．Critical. 3． Why are so many companies mentioned in the passage? A．To present the current situation. B．To praise creative employees. C．To compare the differences. D．To advocate enough rest. 4． What will possibly be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A．The benefits of memory. B．The importance of napping. C．The secrets to well-being. D．The approaches to shut-eye. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·安徽部分学校联考·期中） Ingenuity arrived on Mars alongside NASA’s Perseverance explorer in February 2021. Two months later, Ingenuity became the first aircraft to complete a powered, controlled flight on another planet. The experimental helicopter was designed to test take-off, short flight and landing operations in the atmospheres of other planets. The helicopter took its last flight, number 72, in January 2024. Unfortunately, that flight ended in a hard landing on the Martian surface. Engineers of NASA fully investigated Ingenuity’s last flight on Mars for almost a year. They found the cause of the crash was linked to the helicopter’s navigation (导航) system. That camera-based system was not able to collect reliable data on elements of the Martian surface to support a safe landing. NASA explained that Ingenuity’s navigation system plays a crucial role in collecting data about the surface to ensure the helicopter can complete a smooth landing. The helicopter uses a camera that points downward, gathering information about what is below the aircraft. In past flights, the engineers said the camera was able to find smooth, suitable landing possibilities. But NASA said during the final flight, the helicopter was traveling in an area with very few surface features for the camera to collect. This meant the helicopter’s navigation system could not find enough of these features to choose a good landing spot. The images recovered from Ingenuity suggested the navigation system’s inability to pick up surface features made the helicopter come down rapidly. The hard landing on a sand dune is believed to have caused the helicopter to turn over and roll. The engineers said images showed that all four of Ingenuity’s rotor blades (旋桨) broke at their weakest point. The damaged blades also caused the aircraft to shake. Events related to the crash led to increased power demand, which resulted in the loss of communications. Although the crash ended Ingenuity’s flight operations, NASA said it is still able to provide and send back weather information and other kinds of data. The space agency says this information could be invaluable in designing future aircraft or other explorers to be sent to Mars. 1．What is a disadvantage of Ingenuity’s navigation system? A．It can’t store data for a long time. B．Its camera can’t take images clearly enough. C．It can’t support a long flight in the Martian atmosphere. D．It can’t collect enough data on the featureless surface. 2．What mainly caused Ingenuity to lose contact with NASA? A．A shortage of electricity. B．Martian atmospheric pressure. C．The shake caused by the damaged blades. D．The damage to communications equipment. 3．What is NASA’s attitude to the future aircraft to Mars? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Concerned. D．Conservative. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Ingenuity’s Last Flight B．Ingenuity’s Navigation System C．Research into Ingenuity’s Crash D．The Difficulty of Landing on Mars 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·芜湖一中·期中） Human harvesting of krill (磷虾) in the Southern Ocean could threaten the recovery of whale species that were nearly wiped out by industrial whaling in the 20th century, according to a study in Nature Communications. Krill are the essential food source for baleen whales such as blue whales and humpback whales. Booming demand for krill, however, could leave whales without enough food to sustain themselves despite their decreasing numbers. “Our calculations suggest an alarming possibility that we might harvest krill to the point where we do real damage to recovering whale populations,” said lead study author Matthew Savoca from the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. In the nearly 40 years since a global whaling ban went into effect in 1986, some Southern Ocean species, particularly humpbacks, have made an impressive comeback. Yet, this recovery has taken place against increasing competition with humans for the whales’ critical food source. Over the past 30 years, the krill catch has doubled to around 400,000 tons annually and is set to expand further. Savoca and his colleagues calculated how much krill was left in the Southern Ocean for baleen whales, seabirds, and other predators to eat after industrial krill harvesting at current rates, and compared it with the estimated amount of krill available before industrial whaling began. “The basic math makes it clear that the current krill biomass (生物量) cannot support both an expanding krill fishery and the recovery of whale populations to pre-whaling size,” said Savoca. The study offers suggestions for how the CCAMLR, an international organization that manages Southern Ocean fisheries, can help prevent disaster. Regulation of the areas and times of year when commercial krill boats can operate to minimize competition with whales is a starting point. As for the krill themselves, improved monitoring to bring in more data on krill eggs and larvae (幼虫) hotspots could identify zones to ban or limit fishing. The researchers hope their study will inspire more serious accounting and deeper investigations into whales and the krill themselves, ultimately forming a path ahead that preserves the delicate ecological balance in the Southern Ocean. 1．What does the study in Nature Communications mainly suggest? A．Baleen whales have made an impressive comeback. B. Krill plays a big role in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. C．It’s wise to expand krill harvesting to support economic growth. D．Current krill harvesting practices may destroy whale recovery efforts. 2．What do we know about the current krill biomass? A．It is likely to bounce back. B．It doesn’t hold much research value. C．It has increased greatly in the past 30 years. D．It is insufficient to support the local ecosystem. 3．What is mainly discussed in the fifth paragraph? A．The ways to boost krill-related economic growth. B．The practical measures taken by the CCAMLR. C．The proposals put forward by the researchers. D．The conflicts between whales and humans. 4．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Great Economic Benefits from Krill Harvesting B．Krill Harvesting: A Threat to Whale Recovery C．The Connection Between Whales and Krill D．Restoration Efforts for Baleen Whales 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·芜湖十二中·期中） If your partner gets down on one knee to propose, or you get a call with the job offer, your reaction might be to shout it from the rooftops. But new research suggests that keeping good news a secret before telling someone else could make people feel more energized. “Decades of research on secrecy suggest it is bad for our well-being. However, this work has only examined keeping secrets that have negative effects for our lives. Is secrecy inherently bad for our well-being or do the negative effects of secrecy tend to originate from keeping negative secrets?” asked lead researcher of the latest research Michael Slepian, PhD, a professor of business at Columbia University. In the experiment, some participants were asked to reflect on the good news they kept secret, while others reflected on good news that was not secret, and then rated how energized the news made them feel and whether they intended to share the news with someone else. The researchers found that the participants who reflected on their positive secrets reported feeling more energized than the participants who thought about their good news that was not secret. The research deepens our understanding of the science of secrets. Negative secrets tend to deplete us and have also been linked to anxiety and depression. Positive secrets, however, seem to have an energizing effect and make people alive. One factor could be that people often have different motivations for keeping good news to themselves. Those with positive secrets were much more likely to keep quiet for internal reasons, not because they felt any outside pressures. “People sometimes go to great lengths to plan revealing a positive secret to make it all the more exciting. This kind of surprise can be intensely enjoyable, but surprise is the most temporary of our emotions,” Slepian said. “Having extra time days, weeks or even longer — to imagine the joyful surprise on another person’s face allows us more time with this exciting moment, even if only in our own minds.” 1．What did Michael Slepian think of the previous research on secrecy? A．One-sided. B．Pointless. C．Convincing. D．Pioneering. 2．In the experiment, some participants were more energized because ______. A．they were free from secrets B．they were optimistic and cheerful C．they had shared good news with others D．they had unrevealed positive secrets 3．What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Benefit. B．Exhaust. C．Excite. D．Panic. 4．According to the last paragraph, what did Slepian suggest readers do? A．Never reveal a secret casually. B．Let your imagination run. C．Be creative when surprising others. D．Delay sharing a positive secret. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽培优联盟·期中） Your mental qualities like problem-solving, memory, focus, and attention span change over time, for better or worse. The good news is that brain training exercises can help you increase performance and hold off mental decline as you age. If you want to boost your brainpower, here are some simple things you can work into your day-to-day life! Find a new path The routes you take to work, school, or home are probably rooted into your memory. After you’ve done it so many times, it becomes easy. Well, that ease isn’t firing up your neurons! Instead of driving the same roads, take an unexpected turn. You can use side streets instead of the highway and vice versa. Another method to change your route is to open your window if the weather permits and identify the sounds and smells you experience. Change comes in many forms, and these sensory changes can help you remember new roads. Play observation games Our brains choose to ignore information it thinks unnecessary. What color shirt was the cashier wearing at the store last time? What was the name of that supporting character on the TV show your roommate was watching? Chances are, you don’t know. But you can — if you choose to pay attention. You can play a daily observation game to improve your focus and memory. Choose one quality to observe and look for it everywhere. For example, you could focus on people’s fashion, their eye colors, or identifying their emotions. By giving your brain a stimulus (刺激), you’re working it out and strengthening it. Tell stories No, this one isn’t advice about lying. Your stories should be memories, whether you’ve experienced the story or heard about it from someone else. Every morning, think about a story and then prepare to tell others. If you want, you can even rehearse it. The key is to make it engaging, and if you can, make it more engaging every time you tell it. This will help you in your social life, and it’s a great way to exercise your memory. 1．Why does the author suggest opening the window? A．To welcome the fresh air. B．To appreciate the scenery. C．To help you remember new roads. D．To check the local weather conditions 2．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Focusing on the details will strengthen your memory. B．Observing strangers’ clothing may disturb privacy. C．Playing observation games will only appeal to children. D．Supporting characters on the show are too minor to notice. 3．Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A．Science and technology. B．Nature and geography. C．Language and culture. D．Sports and fitness. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·安徽培优联盟·期中） It’s probably not surprising that a new study has linked added sugar consumption to an increased risk of heart disease, but a less expected discovery is that those who have an occasional sweet treat appear to be at a reduced risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) problems. Eating a pastry, cake, or chocolate bar every so often may be better for your heart than a “zero-sugar” diet, which might cause nutrient deficiencies and energy crashes, etc., according to the research team from Lund University in Sweden. The researchers looked at records of 69,705 people in Swedish public health databases. The participants, aged between 45 and 83, were quizzed on their diet and lifestyle in 1997 and 2009, then tracked up to 2019. Sugar intake was grouped into three categories: sugary toppings(like honey), sweet treats(like pastries and sweets), and sweetened beverages (like fizzy drinks).Type of added sugar consumed was then cross-referenced (相互对照) against seven types of cardiovascular diseases, including strokes and heart attacks, with several other risk factors(such as smoking) accounted for. The associations varied between sugar type and heart disease type. Overall though, the lowest risks across all cardiovascular diseases were found in those who limited themselves to a sweet treat every now and again. There’s a lot to consider when it comes to the different ways in which we get our sugar: what other foods and drinks we have with the sugar, for example, as well as how regularly we include added sugar in our diet. “Liquid sugars, found in sweetened beverages, typically provide less satiety than solid forms — they make you feel less full — potentially leading to overconsumption,” says Janzi. “Context also matters — treats are often enjoyed in social settings or special occasions, while sweetened beverages might be consumed more regularly.” Bear in mind that these findings hint at relationships, rather than proving cause and effect. They also don’t factor in other health consequences — like damage to teeth for example-and need to be taken in context with what we already know about sugar. 1．What is the less expected discovery of a new study? A．A zero-sugar diet proves to be the most healthy one. B．A sweet tooth is the most likely to develop heart diseases. C．Eating sweets once in a while may do good to your heart. D．Consuming too much sugar increases risks of heart diseases. 2．How do researchers conduct the study? A．By consulting doctors. B．By doing experiments. C．By analyzing databases. D．By interviewing patients. 3．What does the underlined word “satiety” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Fullness. B．Sweetness. C．Comfort. D．Relief. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The benefits of the findings. B．The limitations of the findings. C．The application of the findings. D．The further research of the findings. 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·毛坦厂实验中学·期中） Body language can be a very powerful tool, no matter the size of the audience. Whether it is two people or two hundred people, body language can directly influence how audience members see a speaker or respond to what is being said. Body language has the power to influence the audience’s feelings and even change minds. Therefore, it is always important to be mindful of the “saying” when engaging with different audiences. Within interpersonal exchanges, body language can contain many different emotions or signals. By ensuring that a person’s body language is “consistent” with their emotional state, someone can create a safe environment for conversation to happen. If one’s body language is inconsistent with their emotional state, this might leave an audience feeling uncomfortable, put off, or on edge. They won’t know what to expect from that person. For example, a person might want to make a listener feel “comfortable” and “laid back” during a conversation. If this is the goal, they will avoid having “closed-off” or “unfriendly” body language, such as avoiding eye contact or crossing their arms. To make somebody feel more comfortable within a conversation, someone should focus on being “open” with their posture (姿势). They should relax their face and make sure to hold the listener’s attention and face the listener in an “open” position (e.g. with arms at their sides and slightly leaning (倾斜) towards the listener). More importantly, body language can influence whether or not an audience feels confident or trusting of a speaker’s expertise. If a speaker’s body language comes across as being “nervous” or “hesitant”, then an audience might not take what they are saying seriously or be less likely to believe them or find them credible. In summary, body language plays a key role in speaking. Effective use of body language can also enhance the speaker’s message and engage the audience. On the contrary, poor body language can detract from (影响) the speaker’s message and create a passive impression. Therefore, it is essential for speakers to pay attention to their body language and use it to their advantage when delivering a speech. 1．What does the underlined words “the ‘saying’” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Making a speech. B．A response. C．Body language. D．An inner voice. 2．What should persons do to create a sense of safety for a conversation? A．Have lower expectations of their audience. B．Keep their body language true to their feelings. C．Remain emotionally consistent with the audience. D．Avoid exposing their inner emotions to the audience. 3．What might the act of crossing one’s arms lead to according to the text? A．Relaxation. B．Optimism. C．Tension. D．Doubt. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To offer suggestions on delivering a speech. B．To show the benefits of using body language. C．To point out improper types of body language. D．To remind us to be careful with body language. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山二中·期中） China says its maglev hyperloop train (磁悬浮超级高铁列车) has broken the world speed record in a test run, reaching a surprising 623 km/h. Eventually, its makers want to build a train more than three times as fast as one that will break the sound barrier and run faster than airplanes. The maglev train, named the T-Flight, was built by the state-owned China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), New Atlas reported. Hyperloop trains work by pushing MLP (磁悬浮吊舱) through tunnels with very little air resistance. The previous record holder for the fastest maglev train is the L0 Series SCMaglev in Japan, according to JRPass, which can hit a top speed of 603 km/h. To test the new train, CASIC built a track roughly 2 kilometers long in a low-pressure vacuum (真空) tube. To reach such high speeds, the trains must encounter almost no friction (摩擦). So CASIC smoothed the test track to a flatness with a 0.3 millimeters tolerance, meaning there is a 0.01-inch difference between the lowest and highest point of the flat surface. The 20-foot-wide tunnel also has geometric size error of less than 2 mm, meaning the margin of error (误差幅度) against a perfect shape. The entire pipeline can return to normal pressure in five minutes, which shows its surprisingly-restored ability. In the T-Flight’s second phase of testing, CASIC aims to extend the track to 60 km and allow the train to reach 1,000 km/h. At this theoretical top speed, the maglev train would be even faster than a passenger jet, which travels at an average range between 925 km/h and 966 km/h, according to Simple Flying. The company’s ambitions don’t stop there, however, with plans for a connection between Wuhan and Beijing that can reach up to 2,000 km/h, according to a video from 2018. Hyperloop systems can move vehicles at speeds much faster than conventional trains — most of which are restricted to 95 km/h in the U. S. Elon Musk first proposed a hyperloop system for the U. S. in 2013, but more than a decade later, Musk’s vision has yet to see the light of day. As one of the biggest companies in the industry, Virgin shut down its own hyperloop company, which most recently went by the name Virgin Hyperloop in 2023. 1．What do we know about hyperloop trains from the first two paragraphs? A．China’s T-Flight outpaces airplanes. B．T-Flight outspeeds SCMaglev by 20 km/h. C．The first hyperloop train is made in Japan. D．They can merely travel without air friction. 2．What is prepared for testing the T-Flight? A．A free-pressure tube. B．An absolute flat track. C．A perfectly-shaped tunnel. D．A quickly-recovered pipeline. 3．Which can be used to describe China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation? A．Ambitious and reliable. B．Conventional and practical. C．State-owned and conservative. D．Advanced and international. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．CASIC: A Promising Company B．China: A Country Leading the Trend C．T-Flight: A Potential Record-Breaker D．Hyperloop: A Globally Common Topic Passage 3 （24-25高二下·淮北十二中·期中） Living near bars and fast-food restaurants could be harmful to heart health, according to a new research. These kinds of ready-to-eat food environments typically provide unhealthy foods and drinks, and have been related to cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, said Lu Qi, a head researcher at Tulane University in New Orleans. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t get enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This study is likely the first to evaluate (评估) the connection between food environment and heart failure with long-term observation. “Most previous researches on the relation between nutrition (营养) and human health have been focused on food quality, neglecting the impact of food environment,” Qi said. “Our present study highlights the importance of accounting for food environment in nutrition researches.” Researchers evaluated the connection using data from more than 500,000 adults in the United Kingdom. They measured participants’ exposure (接触 ) to three types of food environments — bars, restaurants and fast-food restaurants. Exposure was determined ‘ by proximity (living within 1 kilometer) and density (the number of ready-to-eat food stores within 1 kilometer). The study documented nearly 13,000 heart failure cases during a 12-year follow-up period and the results showed that participants with 10 or more ready-to-eat stores near their homes had a 16% greater risk of heart failure than those with no ready-to-eat food environments. Those closest to the bars(less than 500 meters) had a 14% higher risk than those who lived the farthest away (more than 3,000 meters). The researchers noted the findings suggested that creating healthier food environments and improving physical fitness facilities, along with helping more people receive higher levels of education, could reduce the increased risk of heart failure linked to quick-meal options. Overall, the study stresses the importance of improving food environments to prevent heart failure, and the researchers note that more studies are needed, particularly evaluating nutrition unsafety, to make sure of the applicability of this study’s results. 1．What does the underlined word “neglecting” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Questioning. B．Identifying. C．Considering. D．Ignoring. 2．How did the researchers get their research findings according to paragraph 4? A．By making a comparison. B．By explaining a theory. C．By showing an argument. D．By describing a process. 3．What is presented in paragraph 5? A．Possible causes. B．Solving strategies. C．Research results. D．People’s reactions. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Ways Food Is Cooked Really Count B．Single Food Choices Lead to Nutritional Imbalance C．Ready-to-eat Food Surroundings Could Harm Heart Health D．Fast Food Is Increasingly Entering the Consumption Market Passage 4 （24-25高二下·合肥八中·期中） Genres (体裁) are often viewed as structural frameworks for literary texts, onto which elements like imagery, character, plot, and setting are layered. These frameworks are passed down through generations, evolving (演变) over time. Among all genres, the novel received the most critical attention in the twentieth century, often praised as the “king of genres” due to its reflection on the real world. Yet, in the nineteenth century, it was primarily seen as a form of middle-class entertainment. It was not until the twentieth century that the novel was lifted to the status of an art form, joining in the same league as painting or classical music. Later on, many scholars successively studied the characteristics of novels from the 18th and 19th centuries. Recently, in a book of Edwin Frank, Stranger Than Fiction, he raises an appealing question: is there such a thing as a “twentieth-century novel”? Is it meaningful to distinguish the twentieth-century novel from its nineteenth-century predecessor — or even from the novel of the twenty-first century? Frank thinks so. In his book, he illustrates how the twentieth-century novel matures into a distinct literary genre. The twentieth century was a period of violent change; therefore, violent change is what the twentieth-century novel reflects — not, or not only, in its subject matter but in its form. Frank suggests that, modern as the twentieth-century novel is, it shows the cultural relevance to development of societies. However, that relevance seems to have waned. Today, the novel no longer holds a central place in the cultural conversation. People’s daily question has shifted from “What are you reading? ” to “What are you streaming? ” Television series have emerged as the dominant form of middle-class entertainment in the twenty-first century. Has prestige television reshaped the role of the novel? Many nineteenth-century novels gain vitality in the twentieth century through film adaptations. Henry James, for example, would likely be pleased to know that The Portrait of a Lady has been adapted into a BBC miniseries, a feature film, and even a television version — each reaching a far larger audience than the original print edition could ever have hoped for. 1．Why did the novel gain recognition in the twentieth century? A．It mirrored its link with reality. B．It was written in amusing forms. C．It displayed attractive characters. D．It was authored by the middle-class. 2．Which aspect of the twentieth-century novel does Stranger Than Fiction focus on? A．Its rises and falls. B．Its expansion and effect. C．Its significance and limitation. D．Its evolution and uniqueness. 3．What does the underlined word “waned” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Varied. B．Weakened. C．Peaked. D．Remained. 4．What does the example of The Portrait of a Lady indicate? A．Novels lose their artistic appeal. B．Adaptation decreases novels’ status. C．Media breathe new life into novels. D．TV shows change the role of novels. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·安庆一中·期中） In 1998, an eco-museum was established in Liuzhi Special Region, Guizhou Province. Later, more and more museums sprang up. These museums are built to guide villagers to protect local natural landscapes, traditional customs, and ways of production. Compared with traditional museums, eco- museums come with different exhibits (展品) and are not limited to buildings. They have no walls or fences. “The costumes, language, music, and even the way of production and the lifestyle of the local community are all living exhibits that are collectible,” said Luo Gang, leader of the museum. Most of the folk houses are built with local materials, such as wood and stone. However, their roofs are all made of straw and need regular replacement. As the living standards rose in recent years, some residents started using bricks and concrete (混凝土) to build their houses. However, Luo is not concerned about such an impact on local traditions because the villagers are aware of the importance of protecting their old houses. In 2017, the wooden house of villager Yang Chaozhong began to lean, but he didn’t want to transform it into a brick or concrete structure. Yang said this house has been passed down for generations, so he was not willing to make the trade- off. He planned to repair it to restore the original appearance of the house. Year after year, lots of old houses still retained their original appearance. Thanks to the efforts in recent years, the protection of traditional culture has become a consensus in the local community. “One of the features of the eco- museum is to guide the villagers to perform independent management and activate their passion for protecting their traditional culture,” Luo explained. Now the villagers are taking action to protect their traditional culture by performing independent management. Through joint efforts, the buildings will definitely be a priceless treasure for future generations. 1． What is special about the eco- museums? A．Their history. B．Their collections. C．Their importance. D．Their visitors. 2． What can we learn about the houses in the Liuzhi special region? A．They are built with very limited materials. B． They are well preserved by the local people. C．They are mostly rebuilt for economic factors. D．They are very strong and have a long history. 3． What do the underlined words“a consensus” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．An admission. B．A requirement. C．An agreement. D．A connection. 4． What is the best title for the text? A．Museums Without Walls. B．The Protection of Old Houses. C．Lifestyles of Guizhou Province. D．The Future of Local Traditions. 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽滁州·期中） In 1973, when Melissa Greene was in 6th grade, her parents bought the first flat on Hutchinson Island. The first time she ran down to the wild shore, she was shocked by the contrast to their earlier beach trips to Daytona, a people-packed spectacle of cars. On Hutchinson, the spectacle was the seashells (海贝). Today, on the same stretch of beach, she rarely finds large, whole shells. Among the most amazing natural objects, seashells represent both the surprise and wonder still promised by a trip to the beach - and the major changes underway on our coasts. Many of the largest and best-known marine mollusks (海洋软体动物) - the animal architects that build seashells - have declined under fishing pressure. They are also harmed by rising ocean temperatures and by pollution and runoff from the land. And they can be displaced by the severe erosion (侵蚀) caused by inlets - a growing problem on Hutchinson Island - as well as efforts to repair eroded beaches by recovering lost sand. Twenty-five years ago, Sanibel Island became the first city in the U. S. to ban (禁止) “live shelling”, the practice of collecting and killing mollusks for their shells. The move to protect the individual lives of soft-bodied mollusks seems almost strange given ocean warming and other “tough realities of the changing world,” acknowledges José H. Leal, science director at Sanibel’s Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum. But helping beachgoers appreciate the animals inside the shell as much as the shiny exterior turns out to be a crucial step toward helping them understand what’s happening in the sea, Leal says. “If people understand the complexity of these animals and their importance, they will also realize the need to protect marine environments.” Delaware Seashore State Park is taking so-called low-impact beach combing (赶海) a step further: asking visitors to leave empty shells alone, too. At the park, signs advise visitors to leave shells where they lie or take a photo of a marine creature in the sand. After all, the point of enjoying nature is that it is in a natural state. 1． What impressed Melissa Greene on Hutchinson Island when she was young? A．The seashells. B．The tourists. C．The flats. D．The cars. 2． What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The dangers marine mollusks face. B．The changes seashells have experienced. C．The efforts made to save marine mollusks. D．The current situation of Hutchinson Island. 3． What does José H. Leal think of banning “live shelling”? A．It slows down ocean warming. B．It keeps people away from beaches. C．It popularizes the collecting of seashells. D．It raises people’s awareness of ocean protection. 4． What is the purpose of Delaware Seashore State Park’s advice? A．To provide habitat for small creatures. B．To protect visitors from being harmed. C．To attract marine creatures to the beach. D．To preserve the natural state of the beach. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·芜湖十二中·期中） Sea ice is vital for snow crabs (雪蟹). Usually, as winter’s thick sea ice melts (融化), the meltwater settles on the seafloor, producing a pool with temperatures below 2℃. This cold-water pool not only serves as a shelter for snow crabs, but also allows them to grow well on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, Alaska. But a heat wave in the sea in the region in 2018 and 2019 prevented the usual amount of sea ice from forming, and, according to yearly temperature survey data, the cold pool never appeared and then a large number of crabs died. Cody Szuwalski, a fishery biologist at the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, used computer models to analyze temperature data while creating various environmental conditions in the laboratory to observe the crabs’ responses to changes in water temperature, and look for drivers behind the sudden population drop. Data show the crab population initially exploded in 2018, reaching a historic high. But the crabs occupied a smaller area than normal for some reason. That means more crabs were crowding onto less space on the shelf. Then came the heat wave. The water temperature probably didn’t kill the crabs directly, as snow crabs in laboratories can survive in waters up to 12℃. Higher water temperatures can speed the cold-blooded crabs’ metabolism (新陈代谢). As a result, the crowded crabs probably needed more calories, but because of the smaller area, they had even fewer resources to sink their claws into. Compared with similar-sized crabs from the previous year, those surveyed in 2018 had lower body weights, evidence that starvation played a role in the missing crabs. Scientists can typically use data from the past to help predict and prepare for changes in the future. But the future increasingly holds events that have never happened on record before - like the snow crab population decline - so they’re harder to prepare for, says Christopher Harley, an ecologist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, because there hasn’t been enough attention to the secondary effects of heat waves in the sea on cold-blooded creatures, such as higher calorie needs and the risk of starvation. 1．Why is sea ice important to snow crabs? A．It shelters them from harm. B．It makes ideal habitats for them. C．It regulates water temperatures. D．It stabilizes the seafloor for them. 2．How did Cody Szuwalski get his findings? A．By observing snow crabs in the sea. B．By launching field investigations. C．By virtual analysis and lab research. D．By integration of other studies’ data. 3．How did the heat wave affect snow crabs? A．It sped up their reproduction. B．It increased their need for food. C．It narrowed their living places. D．It slowed down their movements. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Global Warming Threatens Ocean Life B．Heat Waves Ruin Snow Crabs’ Last Home C．The Number of Snow Crabs Decreases Fast D．The Mass Death of Snow Crabs Is Explained Passage 3 （24-25高二下·合肥八中·期中） We take our speech abilities for granted. Most people do not stop to think of how other animals and insects communicate with each other. Ants are amazing creatures that have a tireless work pattern and a complex social structure. To achieve this, they must have some ways of communicating with each other. Obviously, ants do not speak as we do, so how do they communicate? Ants communicate by releasing pheromones (信息素) that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it, and by touching their antennae (触角) to feel and smell each other. The best example that we can see very clearly is that ants find food sources and drop pheromones on their way. By using their antennae to detect pheromone trails and following a sweeping pattern, they encounter a trail. Once the pheromone trail is found, they follow it with one antenna on either side of the path, ensuring they keep on track. This allows other ants to follow the pheromones. The result of these pheromone paths is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food. The queen ant uses pheromones to signal. As the queen ages, she gives off pheromones that tell the ant colony that she is dying. They begin feeding and preparing a pupa (蛹) to be the new queen. When ants greet each other with their antennae, they can tell if they are friends or foes and what function each ant fulfills in the nest. Scientists know that this is possible, but they are still trying to identify which pheromones share this information. Ants also give off pheromones that identify the nest they belong to, their social status, and their maturity. The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form collective memories, and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators. 1． How could ants communicate according to the text? A．By attracting companions via sounds. B．By sending alarm signals to the queen. C．By identifying pheromones with antennae. D．By keeping on the same track. 2． What is the function of the pheromone trail? A．To spot enemies in the ant colony. B．To help companions find food sources. C．To keep the orders of the ant community. D．To enable ants to communicate with humans. 3． What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Ants have no collective memories. B．Ants’ alarm-sounding ability is unique. C．Researchers have identified the types of pheromones. D．More secrets on ants’ communication remain unknown. 4． Which can be the best title for the text? A．The Insight into Ants’ Communication. B．The Secret of Touching Antennae. C．The Research on Ants’ Memories. D．The Amazing World of Ants. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽省培优联盟·期中） In less than two weeks since its release on Jan. 29, at the start of the Chinese New Year holiday, Ne Zha 2, an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology (神话) and a famous 16th-century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China, with more than $1.3 billion in ticket sales. It is also the first film not made by a Hollywood studio to cross that mark. Ne Zha 2 is a follow-up to what had been the highest-grossing animated film in China. In the 2019 original, Nezha is born as the rebirth of a demon (恶魔) with supernatural powers, but is destined to live only three years. He fights back against his fate and saves his village. In the follow-up, Nezha revisits a similar theme. He challenges the political order and authority governing gods and demons, fighting the Dragon King of the Four Seas and other creatures. The blockbuster delivered good news for the Chinese film industry, which is struggling with weak ticket sales and a falling economy. “Ne Zha 2 is the rare movie that hits all the marks,” said an independent Chinese film critic. “It targets all groups and has successfully won over all of them.” The film, distributed by CMC Pictures, will be released in North America on Friday. China Daily, a state-run newspaper, said in an opinion essay that Ne Zha 2 symbolizes the country’s “growing cultural confidence.” It is called evidence that China’s entertainment industry is telling its own stories instead of relying on Western studios to make movies based on Chinese folklore, citing Mulan from Walt Disney Studios as an example. “Ne Zha 2 reclaims the storytelling duty, proving that no one can narrate China’s myths better than China itself,” the essay stated. Traditional Chinese culture has also inspired breakthroughs in other forms of entertainment. In video games, Black Myth: Wukong, based on a classic 16th-century Chinese novel called “Journey to the West,” was an instant hit when it came out last year. 1．What do you know about Ne Zha 2? A．It follows a totally different theme from its original. B．It’s an animated film strictly adapted from a Chinese mythology. C．It tells of a demonic child who fights against his fate and saves his village. D．It’s the first homegrown film to become the highest-grossing one in China. 2．What most probably contributes to Ne Zha 2’s success? A．Its releasing time. B．Its appeal to all groups. C．Its excellent special effects. D．Its professional production team. 3．Why is Black Myth: Wukong mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To prove that Black Myth: Wukong is as good as Ne Zha 2. B．To indicate that China’s film industry is relying on itself. C．To boost the growing cultural confidence of Chinese people. D．To stress the inspiration of traditional Chinese culture in entertainment. 4．What might be a suitable title for the text? A．Mulan: A Walt Disney product based on Chinese folklore B．China Daily: A state-run newspaper thinking highly of Ne Zha 2 C．Ne Zha 2: An animated hit breaking box office records at home D．Ne Zha 2: A home grown animation to be released in North America 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是国内动画大片《哪吒2》上映还不到两周，票房已突破13亿美元(超100亿人民币)，创下中国影史票房纪录。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In less than two weeks since its release on Jan. 29, at the start of the Chinese New Year holiday, Ne Zha 2, an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology (神话) and a famous 16th-century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China, with more than $1.3 billion in ticket sales. It is also the first film not made by a Hollywood studio to cross that mark.(《哪吒2》是一部根据中国神话和16世纪著名小说改编的动画电影，自1月29日春节假期开始上映以来不到两周的时间里，票房收入超过13亿美元，成为中国有史以来票房最高的电影。这也是第一部非好莱坞电影公司制作的突破这一纪录的电影。)”可知，《哪吒2》上映还不到两周，票房已突破13亿美元(超100亿人民币)，创下中国影史票房纪录。它也是第一部达到这一里程碑的非好莱坞电影，故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It targets all groups, and has successfully won over all of them.(它针对所有群体，并成功地赢得了所有群体的支持。)”可知，《哪吒2》之所以会成功是因为针对的是所有群体，并成功赢得了所有人的心，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Traditional Chinese culture has also inspired breakthroughs in other forms of entertainment. In video games, Black Myth: Wukong, based on a classic 16th-century Chinese novel called “Journey to the West,” was an instant hit when it came out last year. (中国传统文化也激发了其他娱乐形式的突破。在电子游戏领域，根据16世纪中国经典小说《西游记》改编的《黑神话：悟空》去年一问世就大获成功。)”可知，作者提到《黑神话：悟空》游戏是为了强调中国传统文化在娱乐领域的启发作用，故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。 根据文章第一段“In less than two weeks since its release on Jan. 29, at the start of the Chinese New Year holiday, Ne Zha 2, an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology (神话) and a famous 16th-century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China, with more than $1.3 billion in ticket sales. It is also the first film not made by a Hollywood studio to cross that mark.(《哪吒2》是一部根据中国神话和16世纪著名小说改编的动画电影，自1月29日春节假期开始上映以来不到两周的时间里，票房收入超过13亿美元，成为中国有史以来票房最高的电影。这也是第一部非好莱坞电影公司制作的突破这一纪录的电影。)”以及文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了打破国内票房纪录的动画大片《哪吒2》及其对娱乐领域的影响，因此C项Ne Zha 2: An animated hit breaking box office records at home(《哪吒2》：一部打破国内票房纪录的动画大片)作为文章标题最为合适，故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·芜湖一中·期中） One of the 2024 Nobel Prize winners in Physics, Geoffrey Hinton, who pioneered work on the neural (神经的) networks that support artificial intelligence, has warned that machines might someday get smarter than humans. Perhaps. But the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry honored a real-world example of how AI is helping humans today with amazing discoveries in protein structure that have far-reaching applications. This is a development worth appreciating. Proteins are biology’s lead actors, which control and drive all the chemical reactions that together are the basis of life. Proteins also function as signal substances, building blocks of different tissues. In the human body, they are necessary for the structure, function and regulation of tissues and organs. In the late 1950s, John Kendrew and Max Perutz from Cambridge University created the first 3D models of proteins, earning them the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. But in the following decades, progress in figuring out protein structures has been slow. It might take years to characterize a single structure. The three scientists who won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry have revolutionized the field. During biological research, they developed an AI and machine learning model that can predict the structure of proteins, decoding the amino acids (氨基酸) that make up each. The model, AlphaFold, can do in minutes what once took years. Besides, with the help of AlphaFold, scientists have found a better vaccine (疫苗) for malaria, a deadly disease caused by a shape-shifting parasite (寄生虫). Matthew Higgins at the University of Oxford said the breakthrough helped his team decide which bits of the protein to put in the vaccine, which trains the body’s immune system to detect it and act. This helped expedite his research from “a fundamental science stage to the preclinical and clinical development stage”. Anyone who has used ChatGPT knows that AI is not always correct. And without a doubt, there are risks when powerful technology falls into the hands of evil actors. So in the years ahead, AI dangers must be confronted and safeguards considered. But, at least for now, AlphaFold shows that AI can greatly enhance existing knowledge to benefit mankind. 1．What does the second paragraph focus on? A．The way that proteins help keep life healthy. B．The process of proteins regulating chemical reactions. C．The important role of proteins in biological research. D．The complex interaction between proteins and other tissues. 2．How does the author illustrate the impact of AI on biological research? A．By making a comparison. B．By presenting statistics. C．By referring to experts’ words. D．By describing a process. 3．What does the underlined word “expedite” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Work out. B．Speed up. C．Put off. D．Hold back. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards AI? A．Negative. B．Skeptical. C．Unconcerned. D．Objective. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在蛋白质结构研究中的应用及积极意义。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Proteins are biology’s lead actors, which control and drive all the chemical reactions that together are the basis of life. Proteins also function as signal substances, building blocks of different tissues. In the human body, they are necessary for the structure, function and regulation of tissues and organs.(蛋白质是生物学的主角，它控制和驱动着所有共同构成生命基础的化学反应。蛋白质还起着信号物质的作用，是不同组织的组成部分。在人体内，它们对于组织和器官的结构、功能和调节是必不可少的)”可知，第二段主要讲述了蛋白质在生物学研究中所起的重要作用。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In the late 1950s, John Kendrew and Max Perutz from Cambridge University created the first 3D models of proteins, earning them the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. But in the following decades, progress in figuring out protein structures has been slow. It might take years to characterize a single structure.(20 世纪 50 年代后期，剑桥大学的约翰・肯德鲁和马克斯・佩鲁茨创建了第一个蛋白质的三维模型，为此他们获得了 1962 年的诺贝尔化学奖。但在接下来的几十年里，确定蛋白质结构的进展一直很缓慢。可能需要数年时间才能确定一种结构的特征)”以及第四段“The three scientists who won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry have revolutionized the field. During biological research, they developed an AI and machine learning model that can predict the structure of proteins, decoding the amino acids (氨基酸) that make up each. The model, AlphaFold, can do in minutes what once took years.(获得 2024 年诺贝尔化学奖的三位科学家彻底改变了这个领域。在生物研究过程中，他们开发了一种人工智能和机器学习模型，可以预测蛋白质的结构，解码构成每种蛋白质的氨基酸。这个名为 AlphaFold 的模型可以在几分钟内完成曾经需要数年时间才能完成的事情)”可知，作者通过将过去确定蛋白质结构的缓慢过程和现在人工智能模型快速完成的情况进行对比，来说明人工智能对生物研究的影响。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Besides, with the help of AlphaFold, scientists have found a better vaccine (疫苗) for malaria, a deadly disease caused by a shape-shifting parasite (寄生虫). Matthew Higgins at the University of Oxford said the breakthrough helped his team decide which bits of the protein to put in the vaccine, which trains the body’s immune system to detect it and act.(此外，在AlphaFold的帮助下，科学家们发现了一种更好的疟疾疫苗，疟疾是一种由变形寄生虫引起的致命疾病。牛津大学的马修·希金斯说，这一突破帮助他的团队决定将蛋白质的哪些部分放入疫苗中，从而训练人体的免疫系统来检测和发挥作用)”以及划线单词所在的后半句“his research from “a fundamental science stage to the preclinical and clinical development stage”(他的研究从“基础科学阶段推进到临床前和临床开发阶段”)”可知，在AlphaFold的帮助下发现了更好的疟疾疫苗，这一突破有助于加快他的研究从基础科学阶段推进到临床前和临床开发阶段，所以expedite意为“加快”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyone who has used ChatGPT knows that AI is not always correct. And without a doubt, there are risks when powerful technology falls into the hands of evil actors. So in the years ahead, AI dangers must be confronted and safeguards considered. But, at least for now, AlphaFold shows that AI can greatly enhance existing knowledge to benefit mankind.(任何使用过 ChatGPT 的人都知道，人工智能并不总是正确的。毫无疑问，当强大的技术落入坏人手中时，就会存在风险。因此，在未来的几年里，必须面对人工智能带来的危险，并考虑采取保障措施。但是，至少目前，AlphaFold 表明人工智能可以极大地增强现有知识，造福人类)” 可知，作者既提到了人工智能存在的风险，也肯定了人工智能如 AlphaFold 在造福人类方面的积极作用，所以作者对人工智能的态度是客观的。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·安徽部分学校联考·期中） Walkable communities are areas where the majority of services and goods are reachable without a car or public transportation. Up until the mid-20th century, plenty of cities in the US were designed for people walking in the street. However, as widespread development and rising housing prices pushed citizens towards the suburbs, the infrastructures (基础设施) that once helped develop well-connected communities disappeared. Only 6.8 percent of the population lives in highly walkable places, according to a 2023 report. Where a person settles down can directly affect the lifestyle habits they have. Researchers discovered that each 1 percent increase in an area’s walkability led to a 0.42 percent increase in people actually walking around the neighborhood. Research supports the idea that more walkable communities would be a net positive for society, especially as a way to help people extend their lifespans and their health spans — the number of years a person is able to function in good condition. Besides bolstering the population’s overall health, putting roots down in a walkable neighborhood can significantly increase a family’s overall wellness and quality of life. Happy people tend to lead longer lives, and one 2023 study even found that living in a walkable neighborhood was directly linked with the happiness of people between the ages of 36 to 45. Reasons behind this phenomenon tend to pile up. Mr. Smith, a sociologist, mentions, “Due to a limited dependency on cars, these communities’ more accessible layouts are better for the environment, which means cleaner air and less greenhouse gas emissions (排放). This benefits community wellness, as harmful or polluted air can negatively affect public health, contributing to disease in adults and developmental issues in children. Additionally, more walkable areas facilitate the local economy as strong social ties tend to support small businesses.” Human health gains are also extensive partly because how walker-friendly neighborhoods promote active lifestyles and outdoor activities such as running or biking. Even for younger generations, mental health and economic benefits abound in these spaces. As experts note, walking some distances can enhance children’s creativity in the long term. 1．What is a character of walkable communities? A．They are mainly located in rural areas. B．Most daily services are accessible without vehicles. C．They require extensive public transportation systems. D．The majority of houses are priced at a significantly high level. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The method of extending people’s lifetime. B．The convenience of walkable communities. C．The benefit of walkable communities for people’s health. D．The influence of housing prices on people’s walking habits. 3．What does the underlined word “bolstering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Recovering. B．Ignoring. C．Strengthening. D．Damaging. 4．Which can boost the local economy according to Mr. Smith? A．Less greenhouse gas emissions. B．The limited dependence on cars. C．The improvement of public health. D．Close relationships among residents. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨可步行社区的定义、健康与环境效益及其对家庭福祉的提升，同时分析其在美国的低普及率的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Walkable communities are areas where the majority of services and goods are reachable without a car or public transportation.(适宜步行的社区是指大多数服务和商品无需借助汽车或公共交通工具就能便捷抵达的区域。)”可知，可步行社区的一个特点是大多数服务无需车辆即可到达。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Where a person settles down can directly affect the lifestyle habits they have. Researchers discovered that each 1 percent increase in an area’s walkability led to a 0.42 percent increase in people actually walking around the neighborhood. Research supports the idea that more walkable communities would be a net positive for society, especially as a way to help people extend their lifespans and their health spans—the number of years a person is able to function in good condition.(一个人定居的地方会直接影响他们的生活习惯。研究人员发现，一个地区的可步行性每增加1%，实际在社区中步行的人数就会增加0.42%。研究支持这样一种观点，即可步行性更强的社区对社会来说是一个净积极因素，尤其是作为一种帮助人们延长寿命和健康寿命的方式——一个人能够在良好状态下生活的年数。)”可知，本段指出人们居住的地方会直接影响他们的生活习惯，接着说明社区步行便利性的提升会使人们在社区中行走的比例增加，最后强调更具步行便利性的社区对社会有积极意义，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是可步行社区对人们健康的积极作用。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后的“putting roots down in a walkable neighborhood can significantly increase a family’s overall wellness and quality of life(在一个步行友好的社区扎根可以显著提升一个家庭的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，此处进一步说明可步行社区对健康益处，结合besides可知，可步行社区显著增强家庭整体健康，由此可推知，可步行社区显著提升家庭整体健康，因此划线单词的意思与Strengthening“增强”意义相近。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Additionally, more walkable areas facilitate the local economy as strong social ties tend to support small businesses.(此外，更具可步行性的区域有利于当地经济，因为牢固的社会关系往往会支持小企业。)”可知，牢固的社会关系往往会支持小企业，由此可知，史密斯先生认为居民之间紧密的关系可以促进当地经济。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·六安二中·期中） When you think of 3D printing, you may think of small objects. But three companies are working together to print something much bigger. They’re using a giant 3D printer to create what they say is the first two-storey 3D-printed house in the US. Usually, 3D printing involves a machine building something by putting down many layers of a material, often hot plastic. When the material hardens, the layers stick together to create a finished object. The method here is similar, but uses concrete. Leslie Lok, who designed the house, says there are special challenges involved in printing a two-storey house. One of the biggest is the size of the machine needed for the building. The 3D printer in Houston is massive. It weighs over 12 tons. Ms. Lok says printing the house will take the massive machine about 330 hours. That’s about eight normal work weeks. Though it’s a two-year project, the team isn’t in a rush. “We are not trying to beat the clock,” says Hikmat Zerbe, who works for a construction company called CIVE. Instead, they’re using the house as a “big laboratory” to learn more about 3D printing houses. They want to see how the concrete reacts “under different weather conditions”. They also want to figure out how to make 3D printing faster and cheaper. Mr. Zerbe says that currently, 3D printing a house with concrete costs more than building a house with wood. With time, Mr. Zerbe expects the costs of 3D printing houses to go down. He thinks printers will improve and make it easier to create more houses quickly. The 3D-printed concrete houses are stronger and hold up better in serious storms than houses built with wood. This can save money in the long run. Since the machine is doing the building, fewer workers are needed, which also saves money. 1．What do we know about the first 3D-printed house? A．It’s newly-designed by Mr Zerbe. B．It is created by a huge machine. C．It is built with hot plastic. D．It is a building with three floors. 2．What do the underlined words “beat the clock” in the fourth paragraph probably mean? A．Accomplish something quickly. B．Hit something suddenly. C．Concentrate on the task. D．Invent something special. 3． Why will the first 3D-printed house be completed in a long time? A．To better learn the new technology. B．To save the cost of building. C．To free labour completely. D．To make the machine have breaks. 4． What does Mr. Zerbe think of 3D printing in houses? A．Risky. B．Harmful. C．Promising. D．Changeable. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用3D技术打印的第一座房子。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the biggest is the size of the machine needed for the building. The 3D printer in Houston is massive. It weighs over 12 tons.(最大的问题之一是建筑所需机器的尺寸。休斯顿的3D打印机非常庞大。它的重量超过12吨)”可知，建这所房子的3D机器需要非常大。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Though it’s a two-year project, the team isn’t in a rush.(虽然这是一个为期两年的项目，但该团队并不着急)”和下文“Instead, they’re using the house as a “big laboratory” to learn more about 3D printing houses.(相反，他们把房子当作一个“大实验室”来学习更多关于3D打印房屋的知识)”可知，他们并不急于赶工。由此可知，划线词组beat the clock与A选项“Accomplish something quickly(快速完成某件事)”意思接近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。 根据第四段“Instead, they’re using the house as a 'big laboratory' to learn more about 3D printing houses. They want to see how the concrete reacts “under different weather conditions”. They also want to figure out how to make 3D printing faster and cheaper.(相反，他们把房子当作一个“大实验室”来学习更多关于3D打印房屋的知识。他们想看看混凝土在“不同天气条件下”的反应。他们还想弄清楚如何使3D打印更快、更便宜)”可推知，第一次3D打印房子不着急的原因是为了更好地了解，掌握此项新技术。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With time, Mr Zerbe expects the costs of 3D printing houses to go down. He thinks printers will improve and make it easier to create more houses quickly.(Zerbe先生预计，随着时间的推移，3D打印房屋的成本将会下降。他认为打印机将会改进，使建造更多房屋变得更容易)”可推知，他对该项技术满怀期许，认为其前途可期。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·六安二中·期中） According to a study published this week, habitual napping (打盹) appears to be associated with a large brain volume (体积) in adults, although experts stressed that further research was needed. It reduces the cost caused by the lost time and the fatigue-related errors. The work followed previous studies that suggested a brief nap could improve people’s ability to learn. Arianna Huffington, a co-founder of Huff Post and the founder and chief executive of Thrive Global, said, “Given the latest science on the effectiveness of napping and the clear link between employees feeling well rested and their productivity, it’s long past time that businesses embrace short naps at work.” Some businesses, including Thrive Global, have already introduced facilities for employees to take naps. Google introduced sleep pods as far back as 2014 and companies like Nike and Ben & Jerry’s introduced nap rooms. The practice has even been adopted by the NHS, with a growing number of hospitals introducing sleep pods for staff in an effort to help them get more rest. Employees, it seems, are enthusiastic. Sean Greenwood, of Ben & Jerry’s, said, “If a quick nap gets employees more involved and creative, we’re happy to provide that for our team members.” Unfortunately, the practice of napping still suffers from our collective concept that sleep equals weakness and laziness. However, the performance-enhancing benefits of naps have been no secret to many leaders throughout history. It also gives the higher-ups the chance to acknowledge the 24/7 culture and come up with top-down solutions that encourage workers to take care of themselves in and out of work. While sleep experts stressed that a daytime nap could be beneficial, they said it was crucial to get enough shut-eye (睡眠) at the end of a day. It is the late stage of sleep, sometimes missed by early risers, that strengthens the nerve circuits that make for learning and memory, allowing the brain to make and consolidate new neural connections. Additionally, prioritizing sufficient sleep during the regular nightly sleep period is essential for overall well-being. 1． What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Work stress. B．A research finding. C．Learning abilities. D．The brain volume. 2． What is Arianna Huffington’s attitude toward napping? A．Indifferent. B．Unclear. C．Approving. D．Critical. 3． Why are so many companies mentioned in the passage? A．To present the current situation. B．To praise creative employees. C．To compare the differences. D．To advocate enough rest. 4． What will possibly be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A．The benefits of memory. B．The importance of napping. C．The secrets to well-being. D．The approaches to shut-eye. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了打盹对人的好处以及一些公司为员工提供打盹设施的情况。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“According to a study published this week, habitual napping appears to be associated with a large brain volume in adults, although experts stressed that further research was needed. (根据本周发表的一项研究，尽管专家强调需要进一步研究，但习惯性打盹似乎与成年人的大脑体积较大有关。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了一项研究结果，即习惯性打盹似乎与成年人的大脑体积较大有关。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Given the latest science on the effectiveness of napping and the clear link between employees feeling well rested and their productivity, it’s long past time that businesses embrace short naps at work. (鉴于最新的科学研究表明打盹的有效性，以及员工休息良好与工作效率之间的明显联系，企业早就应该在工作中接受短暂的打盹了。)”可知，Arianna Huffington认为企业应该接受员工在工作中的短暂打盹，因此她对打盹的态度是赞成的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Some businesses, including Thrive Global, have already introduced facilities for employees to take naps. Google introduced sleep pods as far back as 2014 and companies like Nike and Ben & Jerry’s introduced nap rooms. The practice has even been adopted by the NHS, with a growing number of hospitals introducing sleep pods for staff in an effort to help them get more rest. (包括Thrive Global在内的一些公司已经为员工提供了打盹的设施。谷歌早在2014年就推出了睡眠舱，耐克和Ben & Jerry’s等公司也推出了打盹室。英国国家医疗服务体系甚至也采用了这种做法，越来越多的医院为员工引入了睡眠舱，以帮助他们获得更多的休息。)”可推知，文章提到这些公司是为了介绍目前为员工提供打盹设施的公司的情况，即目前的情况。故选A。 4． 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“While sleep experts stressed that a daytime nap could be beneficial, they said it was crucial to get enough shut-eye at the end of a day. (虽然睡眠专家强调白天打盹可能有益，但他们表示，在一天结束时获得充足的睡眠至关重要。)”可推测，接下来可能会讨论如何获得充足的睡眠，即，睡眠的方法。故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·安徽部分学校联考·期中） Ingenuity arrived on Mars alongside NASA’s Perseverance explorer in February 2021. Two months later, Ingenuity became the first aircraft to complete a powered, controlled flight on another planet. The experimental helicopter was designed to test take-off, short flight and landing operations in the atmospheres of other planets. The helicopter took its last flight, number 72, in January 2024. Unfortunately, that flight ended in a hard landing on the Martian surface. Engineers of NASA fully investigated Ingenuity’s last flight on Mars for almost a year. They found the cause of the crash was linked to the helicopter’s navigation (导航) system. That camera-based system was not able to collect reliable data on elements of the Martian surface to support a safe landing. NASA explained that Ingenuity’s navigation system plays a crucial role in collecting data about the surface to ensure the helicopter can complete a smooth landing. The helicopter uses a camera that points downward, gathering information about what is below the aircraft. In past flights, the engineers said the camera was able to find smooth, suitable landing possibilities. But NASA said during the final flight, the helicopter was traveling in an area with very few surface features for the camera to collect. This meant the helicopter’s navigation system could not find enough of these features to choose a good landing spot. The images recovered from Ingenuity suggested the navigation system’s inability to pick up surface features made the helicopter come down rapidly. The hard landing on a sand dune is believed to have caused the helicopter to turn over and roll. The engineers said images showed that all four of Ingenuity’s rotor blades (旋桨) broke at their weakest point. The damaged blades also caused the aircraft to shake. Events related to the crash led to increased power demand, which resulted in the loss of communications. Although the crash ended Ingenuity’s flight operations, NASA said it is still able to provide and send back weather information and other kinds of data. The space agency says this information could be invaluable in designing future aircraft or other explorers to be sent to Mars. 1．What is a disadvantage of Ingenuity’s navigation system? A．It can’t store data for a long time. B．Its camera can’t take images clearly enough. C．It can’t support a long flight in the Martian atmosphere. D．It can’t collect enough data on the featureless surface. 2．What mainly caused Ingenuity to lose contact with NASA? A．A shortage of electricity. B．Martian atmospheric pressure. C．The shake caused by the damaged blades. D．The damage to communications equipment. 3．What is NASA’s attitude to the future aircraft to Mars? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Concerned. D．Conservative. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Ingenuity’s Last Flight B．Ingenuity’s Navigation System C．Research into Ingenuity’s Crash D．The Difficulty of Landing on Mars 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍对Ingenuity号火星直升机失事的调查。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“NASA explained that Ingenuity’s navigation system plays a crucial role in collecting data about the surface to ensure the helicopter can complete a smooth landing. The helicopter uses a camera that points downward, gathering information about what is below the aircraft. In past flights, the engineers said the camera was able to find smooth, suitable landing possibilities. But NASA said during the final flight, the helicopter was traveling in an area with very few surface features for the camera to collect. This meant the helicopter’s navigation system could not find enough of these features to choose a good landing spot.( 美国宇航局解释说，Ingenuity的导航系统在收集火星表面数据方面发挥着至关重要的作用，以确保直升机能够顺利着陆。这架直升机使用一个向下指向的摄像头，收集飞机下方的信息。工程师们说，在过去的飞行中，摄像头能够找到平稳、合适的着陆可能性。但美国宇航局表示，在最后一次飞行中，直升机在一个区域飞行，该区域的表面特征很少，相机无法收集。这意味着直升机的导航系统无法找到足够的这些特征来选择一个好的着陆点)”可知，Ingenuit的导航系统的缺点是在表面特征很少的区域，它无法收集到足够的数据来选择一个好的着陆点，也就是无法收集到足够的关于无特征表面的数据。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Events related to the crash led to increased power demand, which resulted in the loss of communications.( 与坠机有关的事件导致电力需求增加，导致通信中断)”可知，与坠毁相关的事件导致了电力需求的增加，从而导致了通信的中断，所以主要是电力短缺导致 Ingenuity与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）失去联系。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the crash ended Ingenuity’s flight operations, NASA said it is still able to provide and send back weather information and other kinds of data. The space agency says this information could be invaluable in designing future aircraft or other explorers to be sent to Mars.( 虽然这次事故结束了Ingenuity的飞行操作，但美国宇航局表示，Ingenuity仍然能够提供并发回天气信息和其他类型的数据。美国宇航局表示，这些信息在设计未来的飞机或其他送往火星的探险者时可能是无价的)”可知，尽管坠毁结束了 Ingenuity的飞行任务，但 NASA 表示它仍能提供并传回天气信息和其他各种数据，并且这些信息对设计未来送往火星的飞行器或其他探测器可能是非常宝贵的。由此可推断出 NASA 对未来送往火星的飞行器持乐观态度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ingenuity 在2024年1月的最后一次飞行以硬着陆在火星表面而告终，之后美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的工程师对其进行了近一年的调查，发现坠毁原因与直升机的导航系统有关，并且还介绍了具体的原因以及坠毁事件的相关情况，所以文章主要围绕对Ingenuity坠毁事件的研究展开，C选项“Research into Ingenuity’s Crash(对Ingenuity坠毁事件的研究)” 可作为最佳标题。故选C项。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·芜湖一中·期中） Human harvesting of krill (磷虾) in the Southern Ocean could threaten the recovery of whale species that were nearly wiped out by industrial whaling in the 20th century, according to a study in Nature Communications. Krill are the essential food source for baleen whales such as blue whales and humpback whales. Booming demand for krill, however, could leave whales without enough food to sustain themselves despite their decreasing numbers. “Our calculations suggest an alarming possibility that we might harvest krill to the point where we do real damage to recovering whale populations,” said lead study author Matthew Savoca from the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. In the nearly 40 years since a global whaling ban went into effect in 1986, some Southern Ocean species, particularly humpbacks, have made an impressive comeback. Yet, this recovery has taken place against increasing competition with humans for the whales’ critical food source. Over the past 30 years, the krill catch has doubled to around 400,000 tons annually and is set to expand further. Savoca and his colleagues calculated how much krill was left in the Southern Ocean for baleen whales, seabirds, and other predators to eat after industrial krill harvesting at current rates, and compared it with the estimated amount of krill available before industrial whaling began. “The basic math makes it clear that the current krill biomass (生物量) cannot support both an expanding krill fishery and the recovery of whale populations to pre-whaling size,” said Savoca. The study offers suggestions for how the CCAMLR, an international organization that manages Southern Ocean fisheries, can help prevent disaster. Regulation of the areas and times of year when commercial krill boats can operate to minimize competition with whales is a starting point. As for the krill themselves, improved monitoring to bring in more data on krill eggs and larvae (幼虫) hotspots could identify zones to ban or limit fishing. The researchers hope their study will inspire more serious accounting and deeper investigations into whales and the krill themselves, ultimately forming a path ahead that preserves the delicate ecological balance in the Southern Ocean. 1．What does the study in Nature Communications mainly suggest? A．Baleen whales have made an impressive comeback. B. Krill plays a big role in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. C．It’s wise to expand krill harvesting to support economic growth. D．Current krill harvesting practices may destroy whale recovery efforts. 2．What do we know about the current krill biomass? A．It is likely to bounce back. B．It doesn’t hold much research value. C．It has increased greatly in the past 30 years. D．It is insufficient to support the local ecosystem. 3．What is mainly discussed in the fifth paragraph? A．The ways to boost krill-related economic growth. B．The practical measures taken by the CCAMLR. C．The proposals put forward by the researchers. D．The conflicts between whales and humans. 4．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Great Economic Benefits from Krill Harvesting B．Krill Harvesting: A Threat to Whale Recovery C．The Connection Between Whales and Krill D．Restoration Efforts for Baleen Whales 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类捕捞磷虾可能威胁到鲸鱼种群的恢复。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Human harvesting of krill (磷虾) in the Southern Ocean could threaten the recovery of whale species that were nearly wiped out by industrial whaling in the 20th century, according to a study in Nature Communications. (根据《自然・通讯》杂志上的一项研究，人类在南大洋对磷虾的捕捞可能会威胁到那些在 20世纪几乎被工业捕鲸活动赶尽杀绝的鲸鱼物种的恢复。)”可知，《自然・通讯》上的一项研究表明人类在南大洋捕捞磷虾可能会威胁到在 20 世纪几乎被工业捕鲸灭绝的鲸鱼物种的恢复。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段““The basic math makes it clear that the current krill biomass (生物量) cannot support both an expanding krill fishery and the recovery of whale populations to pre-whaling size,” said Savoca. (萨沃卡说：“基本的数学计算清楚地表明，目前的磷虾生物量无法同时支撑起不断扩大的磷虾捕捞业，以及鲸鱼种群恢复到捕鲸活动开展前的规模。”)”可知，目前的磷虾生物量无法同时支持不断扩大的磷虾捕捞业和鲸鱼种群恢复到捕鲸前的规模，由此可推知，目前的磷虾生物量不足以支持当地的生态系统。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“The study offers suggestions for how the CCAMLR, an international organization that manages Southern Ocean fisheries, can help prevent disaster. Regulation of the areas and times of year when commercial krill boats can operate to minimize competition with whales is a starting point. As for the krill themselves, improved monitoring to bring in more data on krill eggs and larvae (幼虫) hotspots could identify zones to ban or limit fishing. (这项研究就管理南大洋渔业的国际组织——南极海洋生物资源保护委员会如何有助于预防灾难提出了建议。对商业捕磷虾船的作业区域和一年中的作业时间进行监管，以尽量减少与鲸鱼的竞争，这是一个起点。至于磷虾本身，加强监测以获取更多有关磷虾卵和幼虫聚集热点区域的数据，有助于确定禁止或限制捕捞的区域。)”可知，该段主要讨论了研究人员针对管理南大洋渔业的国际组织 CCAMLR 如何帮助防止灾难提出的建议，包括规范商业磷虾船的作业区域和时间，以及加强对磷虾卵和幼虫热点地区的监测等。故选C。 4． 主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Human harvesting of krill (磷虾) in the Southern Ocean could threaten the recovery of whale species that were nearly wiped out by industrial whaling in the 20th century, according to a study in Nature Communications. (《自然・通讯》杂志上的一项研究表明，人类在南大洋捕捞磷虾，可能会威胁到那些在 20 世纪因工业捕鲸而几乎灭绝的鲸鱼物种的恢复。)”可知，文章开篇指出人类在南大洋捕捞磷虾可能威胁到鲸鱼种群的恢复，接着介绍了磷虾对鲸鱼的重要性、目前磷虾捕捞的情况以及当前磷虾生物量的现状，还提到了研究人员的建议，整体围绕着磷虾捕捞对鲸鱼恢复的威胁展开。选项B“Krill Harvesting: A Threat to Whale Recovery (磷虾捕捞：威胁鲸鱼恢复)”适合作本文的标题。故选B。 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·芜湖十二中·期中） If your partner gets down on one knee to propose, or you get a call with the job offer, your reaction might be to shout it from the rooftops. But new research suggests that keeping good news a secret before telling someone else could make people feel more energized. “Decades of research on secrecy suggest it is bad for our well-being. However, this work has only examined keeping secrets that have negative effects for our lives. Is secrecy inherently bad for our well-being or do the negative effects of secrecy tend to originate from keeping negative secrets?” asked lead researcher of the latest research Michael Slepian, PhD, a professor of business at Columbia University. In the experiment, some participants were asked to reflect on the good news they kept secret, while others reflected on good news that was not secret, and then rated how energized the news made them feel and whether they intended to share the news with someone else. The researchers found that the participants who reflected on their positive secrets reported feeling more energized than the participants who thought about their good news that was not secret. The research deepens our understanding of the science of secrets. Negative secrets tend to deplete us and have also been linked to anxiety and depression. Positive secrets, however, seem to have an energizing effect and make people alive. One factor could be that people often have different motivations for keeping good news to themselves. Those with positive secrets were much more likely to keep quiet for internal reasons, not because they felt any outside pressures. “People sometimes go to great lengths to plan revealing a positive secret to make it all the more exciting. This kind of surprise can be intensely enjoyable, but surprise is the most temporary of our emotions,” Slepian said. “Having extra time days, weeks or even longer — to imagine the joyful surprise on another person’s face allows us more time with this exciting moment, even if only in our own minds.” 1．What did Michael Slepian think of the previous research on secrecy? A．One-sided. B．Pointless. C．Convincing. D．Pioneering. 2．In the experiment, some participants were more energized because ______. A．they were free from secrets B．they were optimistic and cheerful C．they had shared good news with others D．they had unrevealed positive secrets 3．What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Benefit. B．Exhaust. C．Excite. D．Panic. 4．According to the last paragraph, what did Slepian suggest readers do? A．Never reveal a secret casually. B．Let your imagination run. C．Be creative when surprising others. D．Delay sharing a positive secret. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，指出保留好消息的秘密能让人更有活力，还对比了积极和消极秘密对人的不同影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Decades of research on secrecy suggest it is bad for our well being. However, this work has only examined keeping secrets that have negative effects for our lives.(数十年来关于保密的研究表明，保密对我们的幸福有害。然而，这项研究只考察了那些对我们生活有负面影响的秘密)”可知，之前的研究只关注了有负面影响的秘密，没有考虑积极秘密的情况。由此可推断，Michael Slepian认为之前的研究是片面的。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers found that the participants who reflected on their positive secrets reported feeling more energized than the participants who thought about their good news that was not secret.(研究人员发现，回想自己积极秘密的参与者比回想公开好消息的参与者报告说感觉更有活力)”可知，在实验中，一些参与者更有活力是因为他们有未公开的积极秘密。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Negative secrets tend to deplete us and have also been linked to anxiety and depression. Positive secrets, however, seem to have an energizing effect and make people alive.(消极的秘密往往会deplete我们，还与焦虑和抑郁有关。然而，积极的秘密似乎有激励作用，让人充满活力)”可知，前后形成对比，积极秘密让人有活力，那么消极秘密应该是让人疲惫。划线词deplete意为“使疲惫”，与B项“exhaust”意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Slepian的话“People sometimes go to great lengths to plan revealing a positive secret to make it all the more exciting.(人们有时会不遗余力地计划透露一个积极的秘密，使其更加令人兴奋)”和“ Having extra time days, weeks or even longer — to imagine the joyful surprise on another person’s face allows us more time with this exciting moment, even if only in our own minds.(有额外的时间——几天、几周甚至更长时间——去想象另一个人脸上喜悦的惊喜表情，能让我们有更多时间沉浸在这个激动人心的时刻，即使只是在我们自己的想象中)”可知，Slepian暗示读者可以延迟分享积极的秘密，这样能让自己有更多时间享受期待的喜悦。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽培优联盟·期中） Your mental qualities like problem-solving, memory, focus, and attention span change over time, for better or worse. The good news is that brain training exercises can help you increase performance and hold off mental decline as you age. If you want to boost your brainpower, here are some simple things you can work into your day-to-day life! Find a new path The routes you take to work, school, or home are probably rooted into your memory. After you’ve done it so many times, it becomes easy. Well, that ease isn’t firing up your neurons! Instead of driving the same roads, take an unexpected turn. You can use side streets instead of the highway and vice versa. Another method to change your route is to open your window if the weather permits and identify the sounds and smells you experience. Change comes in many forms, and these sensory changes can help you remember new roads. Play observation games Our brains choose to ignore information it thinks unnecessary. What color shirt was the cashier wearing at the store last time? What was the name of that supporting character on the TV show your roommate was watching? Chances are, you don’t know. But you can — if you choose to pay attention. You can play a daily observation game to improve your focus and memory. Choose one quality to observe and look for it everywhere. For example, you could focus on people’s fashion, their eye colors, or identifying their emotions. By giving your brain a stimulus (刺激), you’re working it out and strengthening it. Tell stories No, this one isn’t advice about lying. Your stories should be memories, whether you’ve experienced the story or heard about it from someone else. Every morning, think about a story and then prepare to tell others. If you want, you can even rehearse it. The key is to make it engaging, and if you can, make it more engaging every time you tell it. This will help you in your social life, and it’s a great way to exercise your memory. 1．Why does the author suggest opening the window? A．To welcome the fresh air. B．To appreciate the scenery. C．To help you remember new roads. D．To check the local weather conditions 2．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Focusing on the details will strengthen your memory. B．Observing strangers’ clothing may disturb privacy. C．Playing observation games will only appeal to children. D．Supporting characters on the show are too minor to notice. 3．Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A．Science and technology. B．Nature and geography. C．Language and culture. D．Sports and fitness. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了几种锻炼大脑增强记忆力的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Another method to change your route is to open your window if the weather permits and identify the sounds and smells you experience. Change comes in many forms, and these sensory changes can help you remember new roads. (另一种改变路线的方法是在天气允许的情况下打开窗户，识别你所经历的声音和气味。变化有多种形式，这些感官上的变化可以帮助你记住新的道路。)”可知，作者建议打开窗户是因为感官上的变化可以帮助你记住新的道路。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“You can play a daily observation game to improve your focus and memory. Choose one quality to observe and look for it everywhere. For example, you could focus on people’s fashion, their eye colors, or identifying their emotions. By giving your brain a stimulus (刺激), you’re working it out and strengthening it. (可以每天玩一个观察游戏来提高你的注意力和记忆力。选择一种品质去观察，然后到处寻找。例如，你可以关注人们的时尚，他们眼睛的颜色，或者识别他们的情绪。通过给你的大脑一个刺激，你正在锻炼并加强它。)”可知，作者认为关注某一个特定的细节，让你的大脑得到适当的刺激可以锻炼大脑，增强记忆力。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了了几种锻炼大脑增强记忆力的方法，所以极有可能出自杂志的“运动与健康”版块。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·安徽培优联盟·期中） It’s probably not surprising that a new study has linked added sugar consumption to an increased risk of heart disease, but a less expected discovery is that those who have an occasional sweet treat appear to be at a reduced risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) problems. Eating a pastry, cake, or chocolate bar every so often may be better for your heart than a “zero-sugar” diet, which might cause nutrient deficiencies and energy crashes, etc., according to the research team from Lund University in Sweden. The researchers looked at records of 69,705 people in Swedish public health databases. The participants, aged between 45 and 83, were quizzed on their diet and lifestyle in 1997 and 2009, then tracked up to 2019. Sugar intake was grouped into three categories: sugary toppings(like honey), sweet treats(like pastries and sweets), and sweetened beverages (like fizzy drinks).Type of added sugar consumed was then cross-referenced (相互对照) against seven types of cardiovascular diseases, including strokes and heart attacks, with several other risk factors(such as smoking) accounted for. The associations varied between sugar type and heart disease type. Overall though, the lowest risks across all cardiovascular diseases were found in those who limited themselves to a sweet treat every now and again. There’s a lot to consider when it comes to the different ways in which we get our sugar: what other foods and drinks we have with the sugar, for example, as well as how regularly we include added sugar in our diet. “Liquid sugars, found in sweetened beverages, typically provide less satiety than solid forms — they make you feel less full — potentially leading to overconsumption,” says Janzi. “Context also matters — treats are often enjoyed in social settings or special occasions, while sweetened beverages might be consumed more regularly.” Bear in mind that these findings hint at relationships, rather than proving cause and effect. They also don’t factor in other health consequences — like damage to teeth for example-and need to be taken in context with what we already know about sugar. 1．What is the less expected discovery of a new study? A．A zero-sugar diet proves to be the most healthy one. B．A sweet tooth is the most likely to develop heart diseases. C．Eating sweets once in a while may do good to your heart. D．Consuming too much sugar increases risks of heart diseases. 2．How do researchers conduct the study? A．By consulting doctors. B．By doing experiments. C．By analyzing databases. D．By interviewing patients. 3．What does the underlined word “satiety” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Fullness. B．Sweetness. C．Comfort. D．Relief. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The benefits of the findings. B．The limitations of the findings. C．The application of the findings. D．The further research of the findings. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞典研究人员一个意想不到的发现：适度的摄入一些糖分有助于降低人们的心血管疾病。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s probably not surprising that a new study has linked added sugar consumption to an increased risk of heart disease, but a less expected discovery is that those who have an occasional sweet treat appear to be at a reduced risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) problems.(一项新的研究将添加糖的摄入与患心脏病的风险增加联系起来，这可能并不奇怪，但一个意想不到的发现是，那些偶尔吃甜食的人患心血管疾病的风险似乎降低了)”可知，这个意想不到的发现是：偶尔款待自己吃一些甜食也许对自己的心脏有好处。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers looked at records of 69,705 people in Swedish public health databases.(研究人员查看了瑞典公共卫生数据库中69705人的记录)”可知，研究人员是通过分析大量的数据才得此结论的。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“they make you feel less full(它们会让你感觉不那么饱)”可知，含糖饮料中的液体糖通常比固体糖提供的饱腹感更低，故satiety指的是“身体的饱腹感”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Bear in mind that these findings hint at relationships, rather than proving cause and effect. They also don’t factor in other health consequences — like damage to teeth for example-and need to be taken in context with what we already know about sugar.(请记住，这些发现暗示了关系，而不是证明因果关系。它们也没有考虑到其他的健康后果，比如对牙齿的损害，需要结合我们对糖的了解来考虑)”可知，本段主要说明这个新发现的局限性。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·毛坦厂实验中学·期中） Body language can be a very powerful tool, no matter the size of the audience. Whether it is two people or two hundred people, body language can directly influence how audience members see a speaker or respond to what is being said. Body language has the power to influence the audience’s feelings and even change minds. Therefore, it is always important to be mindful of the “saying” when engaging with different audiences. Within interpersonal exchanges, body language can contain many different emotions or signals. By ensuring that a person’s body language is “consistent” with their emotional state, someone can create a safe environment for conversation to happen. If one’s body language is inconsistent with their emotional state, this might leave an audience feeling uncomfortable, put off, or on edge. They won’t know what to expect from that person. For example, a person might want to make a listener feel “comfortable” and “laid back” during a conversation. If this is the goal, they will avoid having “closed-off” or “unfriendly” body language, such as avoiding eye contact or crossing their arms. To make somebody feel more comfortable within a conversation, someone should focus on being “open” with their posture (姿势). They should relax their face and make sure to hold the listener’s attention and face the listener in an “open” position (e.g. with arms at their sides and slightly leaning (倾斜) towards the listener). More importantly, body language can influence whether or not an audience feels confident or trusting of a speaker’s expertise. If a speaker’s body language comes across as being “nervous” or “hesitant”, then an audience might not take what they are saying seriously or be less likely to believe them or find them credible. In summary, body language plays a key role in speaking. Effective use of body language can also enhance the speaker’s message and engage the audience. On the contrary, poor body language can detract from (影响) the speaker’s message and create a passive impression. Therefore, it is essential for speakers to pay attention to their body language and use it to their advantage when delivering a speech. 1．What does the underlined words “the ‘saying’” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Making a speech. B．A response. C．Body language. D．An inner voice. 2．What should persons do to create a sense of safety for a conversation? A．Have lower expectations of their audience. B．Keep their body language true to their feelings. C．Remain emotionally consistent with the audience. D．Avoid exposing their inner emotions to the audience. 3．What might the act of crossing one’s arms lead to according to the text? A．Relaxation. B．Optimism. C．Tension. D．Doubt. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To offer suggestions on delivering a speech. B．To show the benefits of using body language. C．To point out improper types of body language. D．To remind us to be careful with body language. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肢体语言在交流中的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Body language has the power to influence the audience’s feelings and even change minds.(肢体语言能够影响听众的感受，甚至改变他们的想法。)”可知，画线部分“the “saying””指代肢体语言。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“By ensuring that a person’s body language is “consistent” with their emotional state, someone can create a safe environment for conversation to happen.(通过确保一个人的肢体语言与他们的情绪状态“一致”，就可以为谈话创造一个安全的环境。)”可知，如果想要为对话营造一种安全感，那么说话的人的肢体语言应该忠实于他们的情感状态。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“For example, a person might want to make a listener feel “comfortable” and “laid back” during a conversation. If this is the goal, they will avoid having “closed-off” or “unfriendly” body language, such as avoiding eye contact or crossing their arms.(例如，一个人可能想让听者在谈话中感到“舒适”和“悠闲”。如果这是目标，他们会避免“封闭”或“不友好”的肢体语言，比如避免眼神交流或交叉双臂。)”可知，交叉手臂可能会导致紧张气氛。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Therefore, it is always important to be mindful of the “saying” when engaging with different audiences.(因此，在与不同的观众互动时，注意“说法”总是很重要的。)”和最后一段“In summary, body language plays a key role in speaking. Effective use of body language can also enhance the speaker’s message and engage the audience. On the contrary, poor body language can detract from (影响) the speaker’s message and create a passive impression. Therefore, it is essential for speakers to pay attention to their body language and use it to their advantage when delivering a speech.(总之，肢体语言在讲话中起着关键作用。有效地使用肢体语言也可以增强演讲者的信息并吸引听众。相反，拙劣的肢体语言会分散说话人的信息，给人一种被动的印象。因此，演讲者必须注意自己的肢体语言，并在演讲时利用它来发挥自己的优势。)”可知，作者写这篇文章旨在提醒我们要注意正确使用肢体语言。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山二中·期中） China says its maglev hyperloop train (磁悬浮超级高铁列车) has broken the world speed record in a test run, reaching a surprising 623 km/h. Eventually, its makers want to build a train more than three times as fast as one that will break the sound barrier and run faster than airplanes. The maglev train, named the T-Flight, was built by the state-owned China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), New Atlas reported. Hyperloop trains work by pushing MLP (磁悬浮吊舱) through tunnels with very little air resistance. The previous record holder for the fastest maglev train is the L0 Series SCMaglev in Japan, according to JRPass, which can hit a top speed of 603 km/h. To test the new train, CASIC built a track roughly 2 kilometers long in a low-pressure vacuum (真空) tube. To reach such high speeds, the trains must encounter almost no friction (摩擦). So CASIC smoothed the test track to a flatness with a 0.3 millimeters tolerance, meaning there is a 0.01-inch difference between the lowest and highest point of the flat surface. The 20-foot-wide tunnel also has geometric size error of less than 2 mm, meaning the margin of error (误差幅度) against a perfect shape. The entire pipeline can return to normal pressure in five minutes, which shows its surprisingly-restored ability. In the T-Flight’s second phase of testing, CASIC aims to extend the track to 60 km and allow the train to reach 1,000 km/h. At this theoretical top speed, the maglev train would be even faster than a passenger jet, which travels at an average range between 925 km/h and 966 km/h, according to Simple Flying. The company’s ambitions don’t stop there, however, with plans for a connection between Wuhan and Beijing that can reach up to 2,000 km/h, according to a video from 2018. Hyperloop systems can move vehicles at speeds much faster than conventional trains — most of which are restricted to 95 km/h in the U. S. Elon Musk first proposed a hyperloop system for the U. S. in 2013, but more than a decade later, Musk’s vision has yet to see the light of day. As one of the biggest companies in the industry, Virgin shut down its own hyperloop company, which most recently went by the name Virgin Hyperloop in 2023. 1．What do we know about hyperloop trains from the first two paragraphs? A．China’s T-Flight outpaces airplanes. B．T-Flight outspeeds SCMaglev by 20 km/h. C．The first hyperloop train is made in Japan. D．They can merely travel without air friction. 2．What is prepared for testing the T-Flight? A．A free-pressure tube. B．An absolute flat track. C．A perfectly-shaped tunnel. D．A quickly-recovered pipeline. 3．Which can be used to describe China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation? A．Ambitious and reliable. B．Conventional and practical. C．State-owned and conservative. D．Advanced and international. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．CASIC: A Promising Company B．China: A Country Leading the Trend C．T-Flight: A Potential Record-Breaker D．Hyperloop: A Globally Common Topic 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国在超高速列车技术领域最新研发的T-Flight列车测试创纪录，未来时速可达2000公里。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“China says its maglev hyperloop train (磁悬浮超级高铁列车) has broken the world speed record in a test run, reaching a surprising 623 km/h.(中国表示，其磁悬浮超级高铁列车在试运行中打破了世界速度纪录，达到了惊人的623公里/小时)”和第二段中“The previous record holder for the fastest maglev train is the L0 Series SCMaglev in Japan, according to JRPass, which can hit a top speed of 603 km/h.(据JRPass报道，此前最快磁悬浮列车的纪录保持者是日本的L0系列SCMaglev磁悬浮列车，最高时速可达603公里)”可知，T-Flight列车比SCMaglev列车的速度快20公里/小时，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To test the new train, CASIC built a track roughly 2 kilometers long in a low-pressure vacuum (真空) tube.(为了测试新列车，中国航天科工集团在低压真空管道中建造了一条大约2公里长的轨道)”和“The entire pipeline can return to normal pressure in five minutes, which shows its surprisingly-restored ability.(整个管道可以在五分钟内恢复正常压力，这显示了其令人惊讶的恢复能力)”可知，为了测试新列车准备了一条能快速恢复压力的管道，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Eventually, its makers want to build a train more than three times as fast as one that will break the sound barrier and run faster than airplanes.(最终，它的制造商想要建造一辆比一辆快三倍以上的火车，它将打破音障，跑得比飞机还快)”和第五段中“The company’s ambitions don’t stop there(该公司的野心并不止于此)”可知，中国航天科工集团有限公司很有野心；根据第一段中“China says its maglev hyperloop train (磁悬浮超级高铁列车) has broken the world speed record in a test run, reaching a surprising 623 km/h.(中国表示，其磁悬浮超级高铁列车在试运行中打破了世界速度纪录，达到了惊人的623公里/小时)”和最后一段中“Hyperloop systems can move vehicles at speeds much faster than conventional trains(超级高铁系统可以以比传统火车快得多的速度移动车辆)”可知，该公司建造的磁悬浮超级高铁列车运行速度比传统列车快得多，故该公司值得信赖，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“China says its maglev hyperloop train (磁悬浮超级高铁列车) has broken the world speed record in a test run, reaching a surprising 623 km/h.(中国表示，其磁悬浮超级高铁列车在试运行中打破了世界速度纪录，达到了惊人的623公里/小时)”可知，文章主要介绍了中国在超高速列车技术领域最新研发的T-Flight列车测试创纪录，未来时速可达2000公里，C项“T-Flight：一个潜在的破纪录者”最适合作为标题，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·淮北十二中·期中） Living near bars and fast-food restaurants could be harmful to heart health, according to a new research. These kinds of ready-to-eat food environments typically provide unhealthy foods and drinks, and have been related to cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, said Lu Qi, a head researcher at Tulane University in New Orleans. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t get enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This study is likely the first to evaluate (评估) the connection between food environment and heart failure with long-term observation. “Most previous researches on the relation between nutrition (营养) and human health have been focused on food quality, neglecting the impact of food environment,” Qi said. “Our present study highlights the importance of accounting for food environment in nutrition researches.” Researchers evaluated the connection using data from more than 500,000 adults in the United Kingdom. They measured participants’ exposure (接触 ) to three types of food environments — bars, restaurants and fast-food restaurants. Exposure was determined ‘ by proximity (living within 1 kilometer) and density (the number of ready-to-eat food stores within 1 kilometer). The study documented nearly 13,000 heart failure cases during a 12-year follow-up period and the results showed that participants with 10 or more ready-to-eat stores near their homes had a 16% greater risk of heart failure than those with no ready-to-eat food environments. Those closest to the bars(less than 500 meters) had a 14% higher risk than those who lived the farthest away (more than 3,000 meters). The researchers noted the findings suggested that creating healthier food environments and improving physical fitness facilities, along with helping more people receive higher levels of education, could reduce the increased risk of heart failure linked to quick-meal options. Overall, the study stresses the importance of improving food environments to prevent heart failure, and the researchers note that more studies are needed, particularly evaluating nutrition unsafety, to make sure of the applicability of this study’s results. 1．What does the underlined word “neglecting” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Questioning. B．Identifying. C．Considering. D．Ignoring. 2．How did the researchers get their research findings according to paragraph 4? A．By making a comparison. B．By explaining a theory. C．By showing an argument. D．By describing a process. 3．What is presented in paragraph 5? A．Possible causes. B．Solving strategies. C．Research results. D．People’s reactions. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Ways Food Is Cooked Really Count B．Single Food Choices Lead to Nutritional Imbalance C．Ready-to-eat Food Surroundings Could Harm Heart Health D．Fast Food Is Increasingly Entering the Consumption Market 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了一项关于居住环境与心脏健康关系的科学研究成果，探讨了靠近酒吧和快餐店的生活环境如何可能对心脏健康产生负面影响。 1．词句猜测题。 由文章第二段中“Most previous researches on the relation between nutrition (营养) and human health have been focused on food quality (以前关于营养和人类健康关系的大多数研究都集中在食品质量上)”和“the impact of food environment (食物环境的影响)”可知，以前关于营养和人类健康关系的大多数研究都集中在食品质量上，此处应该表示“忽视了食品环境的影响”，neglecting意为“忽视”。A. Questioning提问；B. Identifying识别；C. Considering考虑；D. Ignoring忽略，忽视。故选D。 2．推理判断题。 由文章第四段“The study documented nearly 13,000 heart failure cases during a 12-year follow-up period and the results showed that participants with 10 or more ready-to-eat stores near their homes had a 16% greater risk of heart failure than those with no ready-to-eat food environments. Those closest to the bars(less than 500 meters) had a 14% higher risk than those who lived the farthest away (more than 3,000 meters). (这项研究在12年的随访期间记录了近13000例心力衰竭病例，结果显示，在家附近有10家或更多即食食品商店的参与者患心力衰竭的风险比没有即食食品环境的参与者高16%。离酒吧最近（不到500米）的人比住得最远（超过3000米）的人患癌症的风险高14%。)”可知，研究人员通过比较不同参与者与不同类型食物环境的接近程度和密度来得出研究发现，这表明研究方法是通过对比来进行的。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。 由文章第五段“The researchers noted the findings suggested that creating healthier food environments and improving physical fitness facilities, along with helping more people receive higher levels of education, could reduce the increased risk of heart failure linked to quick-meal options. (研究人员指出，研究结果表明，创造更健康的饮食环境，改善健身设施，以及帮助更多的人接受更高水平的教育，可以降低与快餐选择相关的心力衰竭风险。)”可知，第五段主要提出了可能的解决策略，包括改善食物环境、提升体育设施条件以及帮助更多人接受更高级别的教育。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Living near bars and fast-food restaurants could be harmful to heart health, according to a new research. These kinds of ready-to-eat food environments typically provide unhealthy foods and drinks, and have been related to cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, said Lu Qi, a head researcher at Tulane University in New Orleans. (一项新研究表明，住在酒吧和快餐店附近可能对心脏健康有害。新奥尔良杜兰大学首席研究员陆奇说，这种即食食品环境通常提供不健康的食品和饮料，并与心力衰竭等心血管疾病有关。)”可知，文章主要介绍了居住在酒吧和快餐店附近可能对心脏健康有害的研究发现，强调了食物环境对心血管疾病如心力衰竭的影响。因此，最能概括全文的标题是C项“Ready-to-eat Food Surroundings Could Harm Heart Health (即食食品环境可能损害心脏健康)”。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·合肥八中·期中） Genres (体裁) are often viewed as structural frameworks for literary texts, onto which elements like imagery, character, plot, and setting are layered. These frameworks are passed down through generations, evolving (演变) over time. Among all genres, the novel received the most critical attention in the twentieth century, often praised as the “king of genres” due to its reflection on the real world. Yet, in the nineteenth century, it was primarily seen as a form of middle-class entertainment. It was not until the twentieth century that the novel was lifted to the status of an art form, joining in the same league as painting or classical music. Later on, many scholars successively studied the characteristics of novels from the 18th and 19th centuries. Recently, in a book of Edwin Frank, Stranger Than Fiction, he raises an appealing question: is there such a thing as a “twentieth-century novel”? Is it meaningful to distinguish the twentieth-century novel from its nineteenth-century predecessor — or even from the novel of the twenty-first century? Frank thinks so. In his book, he illustrates how the twentieth-century novel matures into a distinct literary genre. The twentieth century was a period of violent change; therefore, violent change is what the twentieth-century novel reflects — not, or not only, in its subject matter but in its form. Frank suggests that, modern as the twentieth-century novel is, it shows the cultural relevance to development of societies. However, that relevance seems to have waned. Today, the novel no longer holds a central place in the cultural conversation. People’s daily question has shifted from “What are you reading? ” to “What are you streaming? ” Television series have emerged as the dominant form of middle-class entertainment in the twenty-first century. Has prestige television reshaped the role of the novel? Many nineteenth-century novels gain vitality in the twentieth century through film adaptations. Henry James, for example, would likely be pleased to know that The Portrait of a Lady has been adapted into a BBC miniseries, a feature film, and even a television version — each reaching a far larger audience than the original print edition could ever have hoped for. 1．Why did the novel gain recognition in the twentieth century? A．It mirrored its link with reality. B．It was written in amusing forms. C．It displayed attractive characters. D．It was authored by the middle-class. 2．Which aspect of the twentieth-century novel does Stranger Than Fiction focus on? A．Its rises and falls. B．Its expansion and effect. C．Its significance and limitation. D．Its evolution and uniqueness. 3．What does the underlined word “waned” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Varied. B．Weakened. C．Peaked. D．Remained. 4．What does the example of The Portrait of a Lady indicate? A．Novels lose their artistic appeal. B．Adaptation decreases novels’ status. C．Media breathe new life into novels. D．TV shows change the role of novels. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨小说体裁的发展，尤其是20世纪小说的地位变化。小说在20世纪因反映现实而备受关注，被视为 “体裁之王” 。如今小说在文化讨论中地位下降，而许多19世纪小说借改编重获生机 ，显示出媒体能赋予小说新生命。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Among all genres, the novel received the most critical attention in the twentieth century, often praised as the “king of genres” due to its reflection on the real world.(在所有的文学体裁中，小说在20世纪受到了最多的评论界关注，常常因其对现实世界的反映而被誉为“体裁之王”)”可知，小说在二十世纪获得了认可是因为它反映了与现实的联系。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Recently, in a book of Edwin Frank, Stranger Than Fiction, he raises an appealing question: is there such a thing as a “twentieth-century novel”? Is it meaningful to distinguish the twentieth-century novel from its nineteenth-century predecessor — or even from the novel of the twenty-first century? Frank thinks so. In his book, he illustrates how the twentieth-century novel matures into a distinct literary genre. The twentieth century was a period of violent change; therefore, violent change is what the twentieth-century novel reflects — not, or not only, in its subject matter but in its form. Frank suggests that, modern as the twentieth-century novel is, it shows the cultural relevance to development of societies.(最近，在埃德温・弗兰克的Stranger Than Fiction一书中，他提出了一个引人深思的问题：真的存在所谓的“20世纪小说”吗？将20世纪的小说与它之前的19世纪小说区分开来，甚至与21世纪的小说区分开来，这样做有意义吗？弗兰克认为是有意义的。在他的书中，他阐述了20世纪的小说是如何发展成熟，成为一种独特的文学体裁的。20世纪是一个发生剧烈变革的时期；因此，剧烈的变革正是20世纪小说所反映的内容——这种反映不仅（或者说不只是）体现在小说的主题上，还体现在其形式上。弗兰克指出，尽管20世纪的小说具有现代性，但它也显示出与社会发展的文化关联性)”可知，Stranger Than Fiction阐述了二十世纪小说如何发展成为一种独特的文学体裁，且它还反应了二十世纪的社会动荡，即与社会文化相关，这是社会背景造成的，是它的独特性，由此可推知，Stranger Than Fiction关注的是二十世纪小说的发展和其独特性。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Frank suggests that, modern as the twentieth-century novel is, it shows the cultural relevance to development of societies.(弗兰克指出，尽管20世纪的小说具有现代性，但它也显示出与社会发展的文化关联性)”和第四段中“Today, the novel no longer holds a central place in the cultural conversation.(今天，小说在文化对话中已不再占据中心地位)”可知，二十世纪的小说展现的是文化与社会发展的相关性，但是如今，小说与文化的关联已经不再占据中心地位，这说明，二者之间的关联性已经减弱，划线单词意为“减弱”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Many nineteenth-century novels gain vitality in the twentieth century through film adaptations. Henry James, for example, would likely be pleased to know that The Portrait of a Lady has been adapted into a BBC miniseries, a feature film, and even a television version — each reaching a far larger audience than the original print edition could ever have hoped for.(许多19世纪的小说通过改编成电影在20世纪焕发出了生机。例如，亨利・詹姆斯若是知道《贵妇画像》已经被改编成了一部英国广播公司（BBC）的迷你剧、一部故事片，甚至还有一个电视版本，他很可能会感到高兴——每一个改编版本所触及的观众群体都远比原著印刷版所能期望的要庞大得多)”可推知，《贵妇画像》的例子表明媒体为小说注入了生命。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·安庆一中·期中） In 1998, an eco-museum was established in Liuzhi Special Region, Guizhou Province. Later, more and more museums sprang up. These museums are built to guide villagers to protect local natural landscapes, traditional customs, and ways of production. Compared with traditional museums, eco- museums come with different exhibits (展品) and are not limited to buildings. They have no walls or fences. “The costumes, language, music, and even the way of production and the lifestyle of the local community are all living exhibits that are collectible,” said Luo Gang, leader of the museum. Most of the folk houses are built with local materials, such as wood and stone. However, their roofs are all made of straw and need regular replacement. As the living standards rose in recent years, some residents started using bricks and concrete (混凝土) to build their houses. However, Luo is not concerned about such an impact on local traditions because the villagers are aware of the importance of protecting their old houses. In 2017, the wooden house of villager Yang Chaozhong began to lean, but he didn’t want to transform it into a brick or concrete structure. Yang said this house has been passed down for generations, so he was not willing to make the trade- off. He planned to repair it to restore the original appearance of the house. Year after year, lots of old houses still retained their original appearance. Thanks to the efforts in recent years, the protection of traditional culture has become a consensus in the local community. “One of the features of the eco- museum is to guide the villagers to perform independent management and activate their passion for protecting their traditional culture,” Luo explained. Now the villagers are taking action to protect their traditional culture by performing independent management. Through joint efforts, the buildings will definitely be a priceless treasure for future generations. 1． What is special about the eco- museums? A．Their history. B．Their collections. C．Their importance. D．Their visitors. 2． What can we learn about the houses in the Liuzhi special region? A．They are built with very limited materials. B． They are well preserved by the local people. C．They are mostly rebuilt for economic factors. D．They are very strong and have a long history. 3． What do the underlined words“a consensus” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．An admission. B．A requirement. C．An agreement. D．A connection. 4． What is the best title for the text? A．Museums Without Walls. B．The Protection of Old Houses. C．Lifestyles of Guizhou Province. D．The Future of Local Traditions. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了贵州省六枝特区的生态博物馆，这些博物馆没有墙壁或栅栏，旨在引导村民保护当地自然景观、传统习俗和生产方式。 1． 细节理解题。 根据第二段“Compared with traditional museums, eco-museums come with different exhibits and are not limited to buildings. They have no walls or fences. ‘The costumes, language, music, and even the way of production and the lifestyle of the local community are all living exhibits that are collectible,’ said Luo Gang, leader of the museum.(与传统博物馆相比，生态博物馆的展品不同，而且不限于建筑。它们没有墙壁或栅栏。博物馆馆长罗刚说：‘当地的服饰、语言、音乐，甚至生产方式和生活方式，都是值得收藏的活生生展品’。)”可知，生态博物馆的特别之处在于它们的收藏品，即当地的服饰、语言、音乐、生产方式和生活方式等，这些都是活生生的展品。故选B项。 2． 推理判断题。 根据第四段“Year after year, lots of old houses still retained their original appearance. (一年又一年，许多老房子仍然保持着原来的面貌。).”可知，六盘水特区的房屋被当地人很好地保存了下来。故选B项。 3． 词义猜测题。 根据下文“One of the features of the eco- museum is to guide the villagers to perform independent management and activate their passion for protecting their traditional culture,” Luo explained. Now the villagers are taking action to protect their traditional culture by performing independent management. Through jo int efforts, the buildings will definitely be priceless treasure for their later generations(“生态博物馆的特点之一就是引导村民进行自主管理，并激发他们保护传统文化的热情，”罗（Luo）解释道。现在，村民们正在采取行动，通过自主管理来保护他们的传统文化。通过共同努力，这些建筑定将成为他们后代的宝贵财富。)”可知，由于近年来的努力，保护传统文化已成为当地社区的共识。a consensus的含义为“共识”。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了贵州省六盘水特区的生态博物馆，这些博物馆没有墙壁或栅栏，旨在引导村民保护当地自然景观、传统习俗和生产方式，即文章主要围绕“没有墙壁的博物馆”展开，A项“Museums Without Walls(没有墙壁的博物馆)”可以作为文章的标题。故选A项。 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽滁州·期中） In 1973, when Melissa Greene was in 6th grade, her parents bought the first flat on Hutchinson Island. The first time she ran down to the wild shore, she was shocked by the contrast to their earlier beach trips to Daytona, a people-packed spectacle of cars. On Hutchinson, the spectacle was the seashells (海贝). Today, on the same stretch of beach, she rarely finds large, whole shells. Among the most amazing natural objects, seashells represent both the surprise and wonder still promised by a trip to the beach - and the major changes underway on our coasts. Many of the largest and best-known marine mollusks (海洋软体动物) - the animal architects that build seashells - have declined under fishing pressure. They are also harmed by rising ocean temperatures and by pollution and runoff from the land. And they can be displaced by the severe erosion (侵蚀) caused by inlets - a growing problem on Hutchinson Island - as well as efforts to repair eroded beaches by recovering lost sand. Twenty-five years ago, Sanibel Island became the first city in the U. S. to ban (禁止) “live shelling”, the practice of collecting and killing mollusks for their shells. The move to protect the individual lives of soft-bodied mollusks seems almost strange given ocean warming and other “tough realities of the changing world,” acknowledges José H. Leal, science director at Sanibel’s Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum. But helping beachgoers appreciate the animals inside the shell as much as the shiny exterior turns out to be a crucial step toward helping them understand what’s happening in the sea, Leal says. “If people understand the complexity of these animals and their importance, they will also realize the need to protect marine environments.” Delaware Seashore State Park is taking so-called low-impact beach combing (赶海) a step further: asking visitors to leave empty shells alone, too. At the park, signs advise visitors to leave shells where they lie or take a photo of a marine creature in the sand. After all, the point of enjoying nature is that it is in a natural state. 1． What impressed Melissa Greene on Hutchinson Island when she was young? A．The seashells. B．The tourists. C．The flats. D．The cars. 2． What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The dangers marine mollusks face. B．The changes seashells have experienced. C．The efforts made to save marine mollusks. D．The current situation of Hutchinson Island. 3． What does José H. Leal think of banning “live shelling”? A．It slows down ocean warming. B．It keeps people away from beaches. C．It popularizes the collecting of seashells. D．It raises people’s awareness of ocean protection. 4． What is the purpose of Delaware Seashore State Park’s advice? A．To provide habitat for small creatures. B．To protect visitors from being harmed. C．To attract marine creatures to the beach. D．To preserve the natural state of the beach. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海贝壳的现状及其面临的威胁，并探讨了保护海贝壳的重要性。 1． 细节理解题。 根据第一段中“The first time she ran down to the wild shore, she was shocked by the contrast to their earlier beach trips to Daytona, a people-packed spectacle of cars. On Hutchinson, the spectacle was the seashells (海贝). (当她第一次跑到荒凉的海岸时，她被与他们之前去代托纳海滩旅行的对比所震惊，那里挤满了人，到处都是汽车。在哈钦森岛上，最引人注目的是海贝。)”可知，当Melissa Greene第一次跑到哈钦森岛的野生海岸时，让她印象深刻的是那里的海贝。故选A项。 2． 主旨大意题。 根据第三段“Many of the largest and best-known marine mollusks (海洋软体动物) - the animal architects that build seashells - have declined under fishing pressure. They are also harmed by rising ocean temperatures and by pollution and runoff from the land. And they can be displaced by the severe erosion (侵蚀) caused by inlets - a growing problem on Hutchinson Island - as well as efforts to repair eroded beaches by recovering lost sand. (许多最大和最著名的海洋软体动物——建造贝壳的动物建筑师——在捕捞压力下数量减少了。它们还受到海洋温度上升、污染和陆地径流的伤害。他们可能会因为进水口造成的严重侵蚀而流离失所——这是哈钦森岛日益严重的问题——以及通过回收流失的沙子来修复被侵蚀的海滩的努力。)”可知，许多大型且知名的海洋软体动物在捕鱼压力下数量减少，还受到海洋温度上升、陆地污染和径流的伤害，以及因海湾造成的严重侵蚀和修复侵蚀海滩的措施的影响，所以第三段主要讲的是海洋软体动物面临的危险（The dangers marine mollusks face）。故选A项。 3． 推理判断题。 根据第五段“But helping beach goers appreciate the animals inside the shell as much as the shiny exterior turns out to be a crucial step toward helping them understand what’s happening in the sea, Leal says. “If people understand the complexity of these animals and their importance, they will also realize the need to protect marine environments.” (但Leal说，帮助海滩游客欣赏贝壳里的动物，就像欣赏闪亮的外表一样，是帮助他们了解海洋中正在发生的事情的关键一步。“如果人们了解这些动物的复杂性和它们的重要性，他们也会意识到保护海洋环境的必要性。”)”可知，José H. Leal认为禁止 “活贝壳采集” 能帮助海滩游客像欣赏贝壳闪亮的外表一样欣赏里面的动物，这是帮助他们了解海洋中正在发生的事情的关键一步，如果人们了解这些动物的复杂性和重要性，他们就会意识到保护海洋环境的必要性，所以他认为禁止 “活贝壳采集” 能提高人们的海洋保护意识（It raises people’s awareness of ocean protection）。故选D项。 4． 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Delaware Seashore State Park is taking so-called low-impact beach combing (赶海) a step further: asking visitors to leave empty shells alone, too. At the park, signs advise visitors to leave shells where they lie or take a photo of a marine creature in the sand. After all, the point of enjoying nature is that it is in a natural state. (特拉华海岸州立公园（Delaware Seashore State Park）正在对所谓的低影响海滩进行更深入的梳理：要求游客也不要碰空贝壳。在公园里，指示牌建议游客把贝壳留在原地，或者给沙滩上的海洋生物拍照。毕竟，享受自然的意义在于它处于一种自然的状态。)”可知，特拉华州海滨州立公园让游客留下空贝壳，建议游客让贝壳留在原地或给沙滩上的海洋生物拍照，因为享受自然的关键是它处于自然状态，所以该公园建议的目的是保护海滩的自然状态（To preserve the natural state of the beach）。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·芜湖十二中·期中） Sea ice is vital for snow crabs (雪蟹). Usually, as winter’s thick sea ice melts (融化), the meltwater settles on the seafloor, producing a pool with temperatures below 2℃. This cold-water pool not only serves as a shelter for snow crabs, but also allows them to grow well on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, Alaska. But a heat wave in the sea in the region in 2018 and 2019 prevented the usual amount of sea ice from forming, and, according to yearly temperature survey data, the cold pool never appeared and then a large number of crabs died. Cody Szuwalski, a fishery biologist at the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, used computer models to analyze temperature data while creating various environmental conditions in the laboratory to observe the crabs’ responses to changes in water temperature, and look for drivers behind the sudden population drop. Data show the crab population initially exploded in 2018, reaching a historic high. But the crabs occupied a smaller area than normal for some reason. That means more crabs were crowding onto less space on the shelf. Then came the heat wave. The water temperature probably didn’t kill the crabs directly, as snow crabs in laboratories can survive in waters up to 12℃. Higher water temperatures can speed the cold-blooded crabs’ metabolism (新陈代谢). As a result, the crowded crabs probably needed more calories, but because of the smaller area, they had even fewer resources to sink their claws into. Compared with similar-sized crabs from the previous year, those surveyed in 2018 had lower body weights, evidence that starvation played a role in the missing crabs. Scientists can typically use data from the past to help predict and prepare for changes in the future. But the future increasingly holds events that have never happened on record before - like the snow crab population decline - so they’re harder to prepare for, says Christopher Harley, an ecologist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, because there hasn’t been enough attention to the secondary effects of heat waves in the sea on cold-blooded creatures, such as higher calorie needs and the risk of starvation. 1．Why is sea ice important to snow crabs? A．It shelters them from harm. B．It makes ideal habitats for them. C．It regulates water temperatures. D．It stabilizes the seafloor for them. 2．How did Cody Szuwalski get his findings? A．By observing snow crabs in the sea. B．By launching field investigations. C．By virtual analysis and lab research. D．By integration of other studies’ data. 3．How did the heat wave affect snow crabs? A．It sped up their reproduction. B．It increased their need for food. C．It narrowed their living places. D．It slowed down their movements. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Global Warming Threatens Ocean Life B．Heat Waves Ruin Snow Crabs’ Last Home C．The Number of Snow Crabs Decreases Fast D．The Mass Death of Snow Crabs Is Explained 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了雪蟹大量死亡的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This cold-water pool not only serves as a shelter for snow crabs, but also allows them to grow well on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, Alaska. (这个冷水池不仅是雪蟹的庇护所，还能让它们在阿拉斯加白令海东岸的海岸上茁壮成长.)”可知，冷水池对雪蟹有着庇护以及利于其生长的作用，即为它们提供了理想的栖息地。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cody Szuwalski, a fishery biologist at the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, used computer models to analyze temperature data while creating various environmental conditions in the laboratory to observe the crabs’ responses to changes in water temperature, and look for drivers behind the sudden population drop. (美国国家海洋和大气管理局的渔业生物学家Cody Szuwalski使用计算机模型分析温度数据，同时在实验室创造各种环境条件，观察螃蟹对水温变化的反应，并寻找螃蟹数量突然下降背后的驱动因素.)”可知，Cody Szuwalski是通过虚拟分析和实验室研究得到他的发现的。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Then came the heat wave. The water temperature probably didn’t kill the crabs directly, as snow crabs in laboratories can survive in waters up to 12℃. Higher water temperatures can speed the cold-blooded crabs’ metabolism (新陈代谢). As a result, the crowded crabs probably needed more calories (然后是热浪。水温可能并没有直接杀死雪蟹，因为实验室里的雪蟹可以在高达12℃的水中生存。更高的水温可以加速雪蟹的新陈代谢。因此，拥挤的雪蟹可能需要更多的卡路里)”可知，热浪使得水温升高，进而加速雪蟹新陈代谢，让它们对食物的需求增加了。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“But a heat wave in the sea in the region in 2018 and 2019 prevented the usual amount of sea ice from forming, and, according to yearly temperature survey data, the cold pool never appeared and then a large number of crabs died. (但2018年和2019年该地区海域的热浪阻止了通常量的海冰形成，而且根据年度温度调查数据，冷水池从未出现过，随后大量雪蟹死亡。)”和第二段“Cody Szuwalski, a fishery biologist at the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, used computer models to analyze temperature data while creating various environmental conditions in the laboratory to observe the crabs’ responses to changes in water temperature, and look for drivers behind the sudden population drop. (Cody Szuwalski是美国国家海洋和大气管理局的渔业生物学家，他利用计算机模型分析温度数据，同时在实验室中创造各种环境条件，观察雪蟹对水温变化的反应，并寻找数量突然下降背后的驱动因素。)”可知，文章先是介绍了雪蟹因海冰相关情况变化以及热浪影响而大量死亡这一现象，后面又讲述了科研人员对雪蟹种群数量骤减原因的研究分析等内容，整体是在解释雪蟹大量死亡这一情况。故D项“The Mass Death of Snow Crabs Is Explained (雪蟹大规模死亡的原因)”是文章最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·合肥八中·期中） We take our speech abilities for granted. Most people do not stop to think of how other animals and insects communicate with each other. Ants are amazing creatures that have a tireless work pattern and a complex social structure. To achieve this, they must have some ways of communicating with each other. Obviously, ants do not speak as we do, so how do they communicate? Ants communicate by releasing pheromones (信息素) that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it, and by touching their antennae (触角) to feel and smell each other. The best example that we can see very clearly is that ants find food sources and drop pheromones on their way. By using their antennae to detect pheromone trails and following a sweeping pattern, they encounter a trail. Once the pheromone trail is found, they follow it with one antenna on either side of the path, ensuring they keep on track. This allows other ants to follow the pheromones. The result of these pheromone paths is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food. The queen ant uses pheromones to signal. As the queen ages, she gives off pheromones that tell the ant colony that she is dying. They begin feeding and preparing a pupa (蛹) to be the new queen. When ants greet each other with their antennae, they can tell if they are friends or foes and what function each ant fulfills in the nest. Scientists know that this is possible, but they are still trying to identify which pheromones share this information. Ants also give off pheromones that identify the nest they belong to, their social status, and their maturity. The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form collective memories, and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators. 1． How could ants communicate according to the text? A．By attracting companions via sounds. B．By sending alarm signals to the queen. C．By identifying pheromones with antennae. D．By keeping on the same track. 2． What is the function of the pheromone trail? A．To spot enemies in the ant colony. B．To help companions find food sources. C．To keep the orders of the ant community. D．To enable ants to communicate with humans. 3． What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Ants have no collective memories. B．Ants’ alarm-sounding ability is unique. C．Researchers have identified the types of pheromones. D．More secrets on ants’ communication remain unknown. 4． Which can be the best title for the text? A．The Insight into Ants’ Communication. B．The Secret of Touching Antennae. C．The Research on Ants’ Memories. D．The Amazing World of Ants. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了蚂蚁如何通过释放信息素和使用触角进行交流，以及科学家对此的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ants communicate by releasing pheromones (信息素) that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it and by touching their antennae (触角) to feel and smell each other.(蚂蚁通过释放体外起作用的信息素来向接收信息的蚂蚁发送化学信息，并通过触摸它们的触角来感觉和闻对方的味道进行交流。)”可知，蚂蚁通过触角识别信息素来交流。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The result of these pheromone paths is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food.(这些信息素路径的结果是长长的蚂蚁队伍，它们一个接一个地行进去收集食物。)”可知，信息素轨迹的功能是帮助同伴找到食物来源。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form collective memories and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators.(研究人员对蚂蚁的研究越多，他们就越能发现蚂蚁相互传递信息、学习、形成集体记忆和发出警报的能力。蚂蚁真是令人惊叹的交流者。)”可推知，蚂蚁交流的更多秘密仍然未知。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了蚂蚁如何通过释放信息素和使用触角进行交流，以及科学家对此的研究，所以选项A“对蚂蚁交流的洞察”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $