专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期中真题汇编，四川专用）高一英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与自我 —— 健康与心理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省·期中） Imagine you are attending a friend’s party, and you spill a glass of red wine on their white couch. You are so embarrassed that every time you see this friend, you’ll think of the incident. Research has shown that your reaction to this embarrassing experience will depend on your sleep. If you’re well rested, your brain will be able to produce more positive memory. Otherwise, negative thoughts will continue to bother you for some time. Previous research has proved that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC), a part of the brain, is responsible for controlling such memory. Now a new study provides insight into what’s actually going on in this part of the brain when negative thoughts come up. Professor Scott Cairney and his colleagues guessed that lack of sleep will weaken the rDLPFC’s ability to perform the function. To test this, the researchers recruited (招募) 85 students. First, the team trained them to link images of people’s faces with specific scenes, some of which were negative, such as a car crash. Next, the researchers divided these students into two groups. One group was made to stay up all night while the other was allowed to sleep in beds in the lab. In the morning, all of them were tested again. The results proved their guess. Compared with those who had slept, the group who had stayed up all night had greatly influenced rDLPFC’s activity when they were supposed to shut down negative thoughts. Besides, the researchers also found that the more time they spent in deep sleep, the better role their rDLPFC played. “The new study suggests that deep sleep seems to play a key role in keeping memory control. Interventions (干预) that improve deep sleep could become part of the treatment for disorders that are characterized by negative memories,” says Maria Wimber, a scientist at the University of Glasgow. This type of response might also be attempted for a possible measure to ensure that negative memories and flashbacks never come up at all. 1．What is the function of rDLPFC according to the text? A．Making various reactions. B．Preventing negative thoughts. C．Producing lasting memory. D．Controlling human’s emotions. 2．How was the performance of the students staying up in the test? A．They preferred to sleep in beds in the lab. B．They attempted to shut down negative thoughts. C．They tended to link the images to negative scenes. D．They were likely to make a comparison among the images. 3．What is Maria Wimber’s attitude towards the new findings? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Worried. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Negative Memory Caused by a Part of the Brain B．The Bad Effect of Sleep on Human’s Negative Memory C．The Effect of Negative Thoughts on Human Health D．The Bond between Bad Sleep and Negative Thoughts 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍睡眠不足会削弱大脑控制负面记忆的能力及相关研究实验。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Previous research has proved that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC), a part of the brain, is responsible for controlling such memory.(先前的研究已经证明，大脑的右背外侧前额叶皮层（rDLPFC）负责控制这种记忆。)”及“Professor Scott Cairney and his colleagues guessed that lack of sleep will weaken the rDLPFC’s ability to perform the function. (斯科特・凯恩教授和他的同事们猜测，睡眠不足会削弱右侧背外侧前额叶皮层（rDLPFC）执行该功能的能力。)”可知，rDLPFC的功能是控制（阻止）负面记忆。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Compared with those who had slept, the group who had stayed up all night had greatly influenced rDLPFC’s activity when they were supposed to shut down negative thoughts.(与那些睡过觉的人相比，整晚熬夜的小组在本应关闭负面想法时，rDLPFC的活动受到了极大影响。)”可知，熬夜组学生因rDLPFC功能被削弱，更易受负面记忆干扰，倾向于将图像与负面场景关联。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““The new study suggests that deep sleep seems to play a key role in keeping memory control. Interventions (干预) that improve deep sleep could become part of the treatment for disorders that are characterized by negative memories,” says Maria Wimber, a scientist at the University of Glasgow. (格拉斯哥大学的科学家玛丽亚・温伯表示：“这项新研究表明，深度睡眠似乎在维持记忆控制方面起着关键作用。改善深度睡眠的干预措施可能会成为治疗以负面记忆为特征的疾病的一部分。”)”可知，她强调研究价值并认为该研究为治疗负面记忆相关疾病提供了方向，态度是积极的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“Research has shown that your reaction to this embarrassing experience will depend on your sleep. If you’re well rested, your brain will be able to produce more positive memory. Otherwise, negative thoughts will continue to bother you for some time.(研究表明，你对这种尴尬经历的反应将取决于你的睡眠情况。如果你休息良好，大脑将能够产生更多积极的记忆。否则，负面想法会持续困扰你一段时间。)”以及下文对研究的过程和研究发现的介绍可知，全文围绕睡眠（尤其是深度睡眠）与负面记忆的关系展开，通过实验证明睡眠不足会削弱大脑抑制负面记忆的能力，所以标题“糟糕睡眠与负面想法的关联”准确概括核心内容，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省宜宾市三江新区·期中） It may seem hard to believe, but snacking several times a day can boost your health and fitness — exercise snacking, that is. “Exercise snacks” are short bursts of activity — 30 seconds to five or 10 minutes max — that include almost any type of movement. Think climbing stairs, walking, cycling, or dancing. Today, numerous studies prove the value of these mini workouts. Performing 15-to 30-second exercise snacks three times daily was shown to improve the cardiorespiratory (心肺) fitness levels and exercise performance in inactive adults, according to a small January 2022 study published in the journal Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. Adults who reported they didn’t work out saw a 17% to 18% reduction in cancer cases after they began doing just 3.4 to 3.6 minutes of vigorous physical activity daily, a July 2023 study of 22,398 people found. Their daily physical activity was done in bursts lasting less than one or two minutes. Hitting 4.5 minutes (in total) of vigorous physical activity each day was linked to a 31% to 32% lower risk of cancer, according to the study published in JAMA Oncology. The benefits of movement extend to brain health, too. Doing even a small amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day, reduces your risk of dementia (痴呆), according to a March study in JAMDA: The Journal of the Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medical Association. Exercise snacks are a favorite tool used by Dr. Supatra Tovar, owner of Dr. Supatra Tovar& Associates. “I’m a big proponent of behavior change that starts tiny,” Tovar said. “So I like to create behaviors with my clients that are easy, accessible and doable every to most every day of the week.” “Your body is kind of lazy,” said Michael Betts, “a personal trainer and director at Train Fitness who’s based in London. Doing these little exercise snacks reminds your body that it does need to work to maintain and improve its overall function.” 1．What can be called an exercise snack according to the text? A．Singing songs with your classmates. B．Turning off the lights before leaving school. C．Jogging continuously for 20 minutes in PE class. D．Rushing from your classroom to the dining hall for lunch. 2．What is a benefit that exercise snacks bring according to the text? A．Lowering cancer risk. B．Enhancing muscle strength. C．Being kept away from dementia disease. D．Improving the heart rate of inactive adults. 3．What does the underlined word “proponent” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Researcher. B．Critic. C．Pioneer. D．Supporter. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare different types of exercise. B．To promote short bursts of physical activity. C．To show some studies about mini workouts. D．To stress the importance of daily exercise. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“运动零食”（短时间爆发性运动）的概念及其对心肺健康、癌症预防和大脑健康的益处，并引用专家观点说明其可行性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段““Exercise snacks” are short bursts of activity — 30 seconds to five or 10 minutes max — that include almost any type of movement.(“运动零食”是指短时间的运动——最多30秒到5或10分钟——包括几乎任何类型的运动)”可知，从教室冲到食堂吃午饭可以称为运动零食。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Adults who reported they didn’t work out saw a 17% to 18% reduction in cancer cases after they began doing just 3.4 to 3.6 minutes of vigorous physical activity daily, a July 2023 study of 22,398 people found. Their daily physical activity was done in bursts lasting less than one or two minutes. Hitting 4.5 minutes (in total) of vigorous physical activity each day was linked to a 31% to 32% lower risk of cancer, according to the study published in JAMA Oncology.( 2023年7月对22398人进行的一项研究发现，自称不锻炼的成年人在开始每天只进行3.4至3.6分钟的剧烈运动后，癌症病例减少了17%至18%。他们的日常体育活动持续时间不超过一到两分钟。根据发表在《美国医学会肿瘤学杂志》上的这项研究，每天进行4.5分钟的剧烈运动，可以将患癌症的风险降低31%至32%)”可知，运动零食可以降低癌症风险，故选A。 3．词句猜测题。划线词下文“So I like to create behaviors with my clients that are easy, accessible and doable every to most every day of the week.(所以我喜欢在一周的每一天和我的客户一起创造简单、容易和可行的行为)”提到“从小改变开始”及“易执行”等表述，可推断“proponent”意为“支持者”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Exercise snacks” are short bursts of activity — 30 seconds to five or 10 minutes max —that include almost any type of movement.(“运动零食”是指短时间的运动——最多30秒到5或10分钟——包括几乎任何类型的运动)”以及全文围绕“短时运动”的益处展开可知，文章的主要目的是宣传短时间的体育活动。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省遂宁中学校·期中） Urban green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and tree-lined streets, have long been recognized for their aesthetic (审美的) and environmental benefits. However, recent research highlights their significant impact on mental health, particularly in densely (密集地) populated cities. A study conducted by researchers at the University of Cambridge analyzed data from over 10,000 urban residents across 15 cities worldwide, revealing a strong correlation between access to green spaces and improved mental well-being. The study found that individuals living within 500 meters of a green space reported lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to those without such access. Researchers attribute (归因于) this to several factors. First, green spaces provide opportunities for physical activity, such as walking, jogging, or cycling, which are known to reduce stress hormones and boost mood. Second, exposure to nature has a calming effect on the brain, reducing mental fatigue (精神疲劳) and improving concentration. Third, green spaces foster social interactions, creating a sense of community and belonging that can alleviate feelings of loneliness. Interestingly, the study also revealed that the quality of green spaces matters more than their size. Well-maintained parks with diverse vegetation, seating areas, and recreational facilities had a greater positive impact than larger but poorly maintained areas. This suggests that urban planners should prioritize the design and upkeep of green spaces to maximize their mental health benefits. Despite these findings, the study also identified challenges. In many cities, green spaces are unevenly distributed, with wealthier neighborhoods having better access than low-income areas. This inequality highlights the need for policies that ensure equitable (公平合理的) access to green spaces for all residents. The researchers recommend several strategies to address these issues. These include increasing investment in urban green infrastructure, integrating green spaces into urban planning, and promoting community involvement in maintaining local parks. By prioritizing green spaces, cities can not only enhance mental health but also address broader environmental challenges, such as air pollution and climate change. 1．What did the study find about individuals living near green spaces? A．They had higher levels of stress. B．They preferred indoor activities. C．They were less physically active. D．They enhanced mental health. 2．What does the underlined word “alleviate” mean in paragraph 2? A．Reduce. B．Increase. C．Ignore. D．Create. 3．How is the text mainly developed? A．By narrating personal experiences. B．By criticizing urban planning policies. C．By comparing different types of green spaces. D．By presenting research findings and their effects. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Designing Effective Urban Green Spaces B．The Multifaceted Benefits of Urban Green Spaces C．Green Spaces: A Key to Enhancing Mental Health D．Strategies for Equitable Access to Urban Nature 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是城市绿色空间对居民心理健康的影响及提升策略。研究表明，靠近绿色空间可显著降低压力、焦虑和抑郁水平。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study found that individuals living within 500 meters of a green space reported lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to those without such access.(研究发现，居住在距离绿色空间500米范围内的个体报告的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平低于那些没有这种条件的人。)”可知，靠近绿色空间居住的人们感受到的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平较低，暗示了心理健康的提升。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的主句“Third, green spaces foster social interactions, creating a sense of community and belonging(第三，绿色空间促进社交互动，营造一种社区感和归属感)”可知，绿色空间能营造一种社区和归属感，结合下文中的“feelings of loneliness(孤独感)”可知，此处指的是这种社区和归属感能够“缓解”孤独感，符合语境，所以划线单词的意思与“缓解”意义相近。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, recent research highlights their significant impact on mental health, particularly in densely (密集地) populated cities. A study conducted by researchers at the University of Cambridge analyzed data from over 10,000 urban residents across 15 cities worldwide, revealing a strong correlation between access to green spaces and improved mental well-being.(然而，最近的研究强调了它们对心理健康的重要影响，特别是在人口密集的城市中。剑桥大学研究人员进行的一项研究分析了来自全球15个城市的超过10,000名城市居民的数据，揭示了接近绿色空间与改善心理健康之间的强烈关联。)”以及第二段中的“The study found that individuals living within 500 meters of a green space reported lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to those without such access. Researchers attribute (归因于) this to several factors.(研究发现，居住在距离绿色空间500米范围内的个体报告的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平低于那些没有这种条件的人。)”可知，此处围绕着剑桥大学的研究发现展开，讨论了绿色空间对心理健康的影响，结合下文介绍的这些研究发现对于政策制定和个人健康的潜在影响可知，本文是通过展示研究成果及其影响展开论述的。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“However, recent research highlights their significant impact on mental health, particularly in densely (密集地) populated cities. A study conducted by researchers at the University of Cambridge analyzed data from over 10,000 urban residents across 15 cities worldwide, revealing a strong correlation between access to green spaces and improved mental well-being.(然而，最近的研究强调了它们对心理健康的重要影响，特别是在人口密集的城市中。剑桥大学研究人员进行的一项研究分析了来自全球15个城市的超过10,000名城市居民的数据，揭示了接近绿色空间与改善心理健康之间的强烈关联。)”以及下文介绍的研究发现及其对于政策制定和个人健康的潜在影响和尾段中的“By prioritizing green spaces, cities can not only enhance mental health but also address broader environmental challenges, such as air pollution and climate change.(通过重视绿色空间，城市不仅可以提升心理健康，还可以应对更广泛的环境挑战，如空气污染和气候变化。)”可知，本文探讨绿色空间与心理健康之间的关系，并强调了绿色空间对于提升心理健康的重要性，所以题目“绿色空间：提升心理健康的关键”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you—recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been worsened by digital technologies. Permanent (永久的) connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family. The research also suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance. Correia examined research which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to see a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report regarding time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us to prioritise (优先处理) our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continual state of “just about keeping our head above water”. 1．What’s the finding of recent research? A．People usually feel they lack time. B．Urban life helps people forget time. C．Time races faster in the countryside. D．Nature can adjust our impression of time. 2．Which of the following may contribute to time poverty according to the article? A．The rise of AI tools. B．Increased time spent on outdoor activities. C．Increased exposure to natural environments. D．Continuous connectivity from digital technologies. 3．What can be a good solution to the feeling of time poverty? A．Staying longer in natural environments. B．Increasing working hours to complete tasks faster. C．Using digital tools to schedule tasks more efficiently. D．Focusing more on immediate rewards than long-term goals. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards findings of the researches? A．Neutral. B．Critical. C．Favorable D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近期研究揭示自然环境对人类时间感知的调节作用，通过对比城市与自然场景下人类对时间的主观体验差异，阐释自然如何缓解“时间匮乏感”并重塑人们对过去、现在与未来的时间认知，进而助力长期目标规划。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you—recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time.(然而，当你走到户外的乡村，突然间一切似乎都慢了下来，变得更加轻松惬意，仿佛时间也不知怎的发生了变化。这并非你的错觉——最近的研究表明，大自然能够调节我们对时间的感知。)”可知，最近的研究表明，大自然能够调节我们对时间的感知。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Time poverty has also been worsened by digital technologies. Permanent(永久的) connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.(数字技术也加剧了时间匮乏的问题。全天候的网络连接延长了工作时间，而且可能会让我们很难从朋友和家人的需求中解脱出来。)”可知，时间匮乏问题因数字技术而加剧，持续的网络连接延长了工作时间，让人难以从朋友和家人的需求中解脱出来。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The research also suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance.(这项研究还表明，解决我们时间不足问题的办法或许就存在于自然界中。芬兰图尔库大学的心理学家Richardo Correia发现，身处大自然中可能会改变我们体验时间的方式，甚至或许能让我们产生时间充裕的感觉。)”可知，解决时间匮乏问题的办法可能存在于自然界中。而下文“Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.(大自然似乎让我们对时间的感知变慢，并且让我们觉得时间更充裕了。)”也阐述了身处大自然中能改变人们对时间的体验，让人们产生时间充裕的感觉。因此，解决时间匮乏感的一个好办法是在自然环境中多待些时间。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.(所以，大自然并非让我们只关注时间紧迫所带来的压力，而是帮助我们看到更广阔的图景。)”以及最后一段“This can help us to prioritise (优先处理) our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continual state of “just about keeping our head above water”(这能够帮助我们对行动进行优先排序，以便实现我们的长期目标，而不是一直处于一种“勉强维持生计”的持续状态中。)”可推测，作者对研究结果的态度是支持的。故选C。 主题 02 人与社会 —— 社会生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都市金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中） There are more bicycles than residents in the Netherlands, and in cities like Amsterdam up to 70% of all journeys are made by bike. The BBC’s reporter, Anna Holligan, examines what made everyone get back on the bike. Before World War Ⅱ, journeys in the Netherlands were mainly made by bike, but in the 1950s and 1960s, as car ownership increased quickly, this changed. The jump in car number caused a huge rise in the number of deaths on the roads. In 1971 more than 3,000 people were killed by motor vehicles, and 450 of them were children. In response a social movement demanding safer cycling conditions for children was formed. Called Stop de Kindermoord, it took its name from the headline of an article written by journalist Vic Langenhoff whose own child had been killed in a road accident. The Dutch love of the motor vehicle was also shaken by the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, when oil­producing countries stopped export to the US and Western Europe. These twin pressures helped to persuade the Dutch government to invest in improving cycling facilities and the Dutch urban planners started to change from the road­building policies designed mainly for cars. To make cycling safer and more inviting, the Dutch have built a vast network of cycle paths. These are clearly marked, have smooth surfaces, separate signs and lights for those on two wheels, and are wide enough to allow cycling side by side and overtaking. Even before they can walk, Dutch children live in a world of cycling. As babies they travel in special seats on bikes. As the children grow up, they ride their own bikes. And, as the Dutch are not allowed to drive until 18, cycling offers teenagers an alternative form of freedom. The state also plays a part in teaching, with cycling lessons a required part in Dutch schools. All schools have places to park bikes and at some schools 90% of pupils cycle to class. 1．What does Anna Holligan intend to find out? A．Why cycling is popular in the Netherlands. B．How journeys are made in the Netherlands. C．What’s the main means of transport in the Netherlands. D．What makes the children like cycling in the Netherlands. 2．Stop de Kindermoord is aimed at ________. A．advising people to travel by bike B．calling on more children to cycle C．improving cycling conditions for children D．asking the government to invest more in cycling 3．What resulted in the Dutch government’s changing road­building policies? A．More cars and road accidents. B．World War Ⅱ and higher oil prices. C．Road accidents and oil shortage. D．A social movement and oil crisis. 4．What do we learn about the Dutch children? A．They must get a license to ride a bike. B．They are not allowed to ride a bike until 18. C．They must have cycling lessons at school. D．They don’t use bikes when they are very young. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰自行车使用盛行的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Amsterdam up to 70% of all journeys are made by bike. The BBC’s reporter, Anna Holligan, examines what made everyone get back on the bike.(阿姆斯特丹70%的出行都是骑自行车。BBC记者安娜·霍利根调查是什么让每个人重新骑上了自行车)”可知，安娜·霍利根想弄清楚为什么在荷兰骑自行车很受欢迎。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In response a social movement demanding safer cycling conditions for children was formed. Called Stop de Kindermoord(作为回应，一场要求为儿童提供更安全骑行条件的社会运动形成了。名为‘停止杀害儿童’)”可知，“Stop de Kindermoord”的目的是改善儿童的骑行条件。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The jump in car number caused a huge rise in the number of deaths on the roads.(汽车数量的激增导致道路上的死亡人数大幅增加)”、第四段“The Dutch love of the motor vehicle was also shaken by the Middle East oil crisis of 1973(1973年的中东石油危机也动摇了荷兰人对机动车的热爱)”和第五段“These twin pressures helped to persuade the Dutch government to invest in improving cycling facilities and the Dutch urban planners started to change from the road building policies designed mainly for cars.(这双重压力促使荷兰政府投资改善自行车设施，荷兰城市规划者开始改变主要为汽车设计的道路建设政策)”可知，道路事故激增和石油短缺导致荷兰政府改变道路建设政策。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The state also plays a part in teaching, with cycling lessons a required part in Dutch schools.(政府在教育方面也发挥了作用，自行车课程是荷兰学校的必修课)”可知，荷兰孩子必须在学校上自行车课。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省德阳市博雅明德高级中学·期中） “An increase of just 2 ℃ in global temperatures could make the world much drier and more desert-like,” new research has warned. According to it, more than a quarter of the world’s land surface would become drier and wildfires could be widespread. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia. These areas are home to more than 20 percent of the world’s population — that’s over 1.5 billion people. However, scientists found that limiting global warming to 1.5 ℃ would greatly reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected. “Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2 ℃,” said Dr. Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s school of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-author. The study looked at the present rate of global temperature increase and compared it to data from before the industrial revolution (工业革命). The world has already warmed by 1℃ since then. The Paris Agreement, which was first signed in 2015, is an international agreement to control climate change. It hopes to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ and to take efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃. In June, President Trump, however, announced his intention for the US, the second largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world, to withdraw from the agreement. Drought is one of the biggest concerns in some parts of the world, where rainfall is rare and water is not enough. Some parks of Kenya, for example, can go an entire year without a drop of rain. 1．What will happen if the global temperature increases by 1.5 ℃? A．Many areas of the world will become much drier. B．The percentage of the Earth’s affected surface will be lower. C．The greenhouse effect will be far worse. D．Many people will leave their home for safer places. 2．Which country is most likely to be affected by aridification? A．China B．Russia C．Canada D．Philippine 3．What is Dr. Manoj’s attitude towards the global temperature change? A．Doubtful B．Supportive C．Concerned D．Unclear 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．To call on every country to control greenhouse gases. B．To encourage every country to protect the earth. C．To introduce the possible effect of climate change. D．To raise some suggestions on preventing climate change. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，全球变暖会导致干旱化，使世界变得更加干燥，更像沙漠， 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, scientists found that limiting global warming to 1.1 ℃ would greatly reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected. (然而，科学家们发现，将全球变暖限制在1.1℃将大大降低地球表面受影响的百分比)”可知，将全球变暖限制在1.1 ℃将大大降低地球表面受影响的百分比，由此可知，如果全球气温上升1.1 ℃，地球受影响表面的百分比将更低。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to it, more than a quarter of the world’s land surface would become drier and wildfires could be widespread. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia.  (据报道，世界上四分之一以上的陆地表面将变得更加干燥，野火可能会蔓延。受影响最严重的地区是东南亚、南欧、南部非洲、中美洲和澳大利亚南部的部分地区)”可知，受干旱化影响最严重的地区是东南亚、南欧、南部非洲、中美洲和澳大利亚南部的部分地区，结合选项可知，“Philippine (菲律宾)”属于东南亚地区，由此可知，菲律宾最有可能受到干旱化的影响。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2 ℃,” said Dr. Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s school of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-author. (东安格利亚大学环境科学学院的Manoj Joshi博士是该研究的合著者之一，他说：“到全球气温变化达到2℃时，全球20%至30%的陆地表面将出现干旱化。”)”可知，Manoj Joshi博士认为到全球气温变化达到2℃时，全球20%至30%的陆地表面将出现干旱化，由此可知，他认为全球变暖导致的干旱化会产生严重影响，他对全球气温变化的态度是担心的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容““An increase of just 2 ℃ in global temperatures could make the world much drier and more desert-like,” new research has warned. (新的研究警告称：“全球气温仅上升2℃，就会使世界变得更加干燥，更像沙漠。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，全球变暖会导致干旱化，使世界变得更加干燥，更像沙漠，由此可知，这篇文章主要介绍了气候变化可能产生的影响。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） Shen Wei, the character designer behind China’s highest-earning animated （动画的）film Ne Zha, recently spoke about his challenging journey in designing characters for Ne Zha 2, following the great success of the original film in 2019. Ne Zha 2 joined the very lively Spring Festival film season list and was first shown on Jan. 29. Building on the remarkable success of its predecessor, this five-year project continues to draw inspiration from the playful but adorable character from the Ming dynasty novel The Investiture of the Gods. It also introduces a “dimensional upgrade” that includes new characters, thrilling battle scenes, more than 1,900 visual effect shots, and enhanced details for IMAX. When discussing the challenges of character design amid high audience expectations after a five-year wait, Shen emphasized the importance of two concepts: continuity and innovation. “I believe finding both keeping the old and adding new things are significant,” Shen said. “The audience has already accepted elements of the original, so it’s impossible to completely change the established framework. Our approach is to keep the main ideas of the first film into the sequel （续集） while innovating and improving on existing techniques.” Ne Zha 2 includes a substantial increase in new characters, tripling the number from the first film. A promotional video reveals that nearly every character has received unique battle designs instead of reusing previous designs. Shen noted that this approach demanded considerable effort and time. His goal was to immerse the audience in a story that feels authentic and engaging, ensuring that each character is fully developed and relatable. One new character that impressed Shen is Ao Shun, a legendary dragon king. His complex armor, made entirely of blades, along with his unique fighting style, presented significant development challenges. Shen worked closely with Yang Yu, the director of the Ne Zha film series, known by his nickname Jiaozi, to explore various versions of the character’s costume and performance style. Looking ahead, Shen expressed a strong interest in exploring projects that involve alien and future-like creatures during the revival of Chinese animation. “Such themes,” he said, “allow me to explore new ideas and awaken my imagination.” He noted that character design is a creatively rich and rewarding process. 1．What does the term “dimensional upgrade” in paragraph 2 most likely refer to? A．A shift from 2D to 3D animation. B．Expansions in story, visual effects, and technology. C．Reducing the film’s runtime for better pacing. D．Focusing only on character backstories. 2．Why does Shen believe it is impossible to completely change the established framework? A．Because the audience has developed an emotional connection to the original elements. B．Because the original film’s framework is too inflexible to allow for changes. C．Because the filmmakers lack the creativity to introduce new ideas. D．Because the sequel must strictly stick to the original storyline. 3．How does Shen’s approach to character design contribute to the overall experience of Ne Zha 2? A．By making the film more technically advanced. B．By balancing tradition with creative improvements. C．By completely changing the original character designs. D．By stressing the importance of audience preferences. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To show the box office success of Ne Zha 2. B．To advertise the global screening of Ne Zha 2. C．To analyze Shen Wei’s design ideas and challenges in Ne Zha 2. D．To compare the visual effects of Ne Zha and Ne Zha 2. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《哪吒2》的角色设计师申威在设计角色时面临的挑战以及他的设计理念。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Building on the remarkable success of its predecessor, this five-year project continues to draw inspiration from the playful but adorable character from the Ming dynasty novel The Investiture of the Gods. It also introduces a ‘dimensional upgrade’ that includes new characters, thrilling battle scenes, more than 1,900 visual effect shots, and enhanced details for IMAX.(在第一部电影取得巨大成功的基础上，这个为期五年的项目继续从明代小说《封神演义》中那个顽皮但可爱的角色中汲取灵感。它还引入了一种“维度升级”，包括新角色、惊心动魄的战斗场景、1900多个视觉特效镜头和增强的IMAX细节)”可知，这里的“dimensional upgrade”指的是在故事、视觉效果和技术上的扩展。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The audience has already accepted elements of the original, so it’s impossible to completely change the established framework.(观众已经接受了原作中的元素，所以不可能完全改变既定的框架)”可知，申威认为不可能完全改变既定的框架是因为观众已经对原作中的元素产生了情感联系。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Our approach is to keep the main ideas of the first film into the sequel while innovating and improving on existing techniques.(我们的方法是将第一部电影的主要思想融入到续集中，同时在现有技术上进行创新和改进)”以及第四段中“nearly every character has received unique battle designs instead of reusing previous designs.(几乎每个角色都获得了独特的战斗设计，而不是重复使用以前的设计)”可知，申威的人物设计方法是通过在传统与创造性改进之间取得平衡来增强《哪吒2》的整体体验。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文以及根据第一段中“Shen Wei, the character designer behind China’s highest-earning animated film Ne Zha, recently spoke about his challenging journey in designing characters for Ne Zha 2, following the great success of the original film in 2019.(中国票房最高的动画电影《哪吒》的人物设计师申威，最近在2019年原片大获成功之后，谈到了他为《哪吒2》设计人物的具有挑战性的旅程)”及后文内容可知，文章主要介绍了《哪吒2》的人物设计师申威在设计《哪吒2》中的人物时面临的挑战和设计理念。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省遂宁高级实验学校·期中） Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written. Many ancient populations used writings, also known as inscriptions (碑文), to document different parts of their lives. The inscriptions have been found on materials such as rock, ceramic (陶瓷) and metal. The writings often contained valuable information about how ancient people lived and how they structured their societies. But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand. In addition, many of the inscribed objects were moved from areas where they were first created. This makes it difficult for scientists to discover when and where the writings were made. The new AI-based method serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate (估算) the true origins of the records. The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, call their tool Ithaca. The team said it trained Ithaca on the largest collection of data containing Greek inscriptions. Feeding this data into the system is designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing letters and words in damaged inscriptions. The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62 percent of the time. In addition, the tool was 71 percent correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And, the system was able to effectively date writings to within 30 years. When historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25 percent. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72 percent. The team is currently working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages. DeepMind has launched (发行) a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public. 1．Which can replace the underlined word “renovate” in paragraph 1？ A．Adopt. B．Recover. C．Collect. D．Translate. 2．Which reason for the ancient inscriptions' being hard to recognize is mentioned? A．The wars in the past. B．The development of industry. C．The objects' being damaged. D．The extinction of language. 3．What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph? A．Ithaca currently recognizes only English. B．Ithaca has great market development potential. C．Ithaca can completely replace historians in the future. D．Ithaca cannot bring any profit to its development company. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Shortcut to Ancient Inscriptions B．Who Will Be the Historians' Right-Hand Man? C．The Mysterious Contents of Ancient Languages D．AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员开发的一款人工智能系统，它可以帮助历史学家修复作品和找出它们的写作时间和地点。 1．词句猜测题。根据后句“the writings(作品)”以及“and identify when and where they were written (并找出它们的写作时间和地点)”可知，研究人员开发的人工智能(AI)系统来帮助历史学家恢复文字和并找出它们的写作时间和地点。划线处和B项：recovery(恢复，复苏)含义相近。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand (但在许多情况下，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪中已经被损坏了，这使得铭文的主要部分丢失，难以识别和理解)”可知，物品被损坏导致这些古文很难辨认。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“DeepMind has launched (发行) a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public. (DeepMind已经推出了一个基于该系统的免费交互式工具，供研究人员、教育工作者、博物馆工作人员和公众使用)”可推知，Ithaca有很大的市场发展潜力。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written.(研究人员开发了一种人工智能(AI)系统，以帮助历史学家恢复文字，并确定它们的写作时间和地点)”以及后文对人工智能(AI)系统可以帮助历史学家解决碰到的困难等作用和用途的介绍，可知D项：AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings(人工智能用于填补古文中的缺词)合乎题意。故选D。 主题 03 人与自然 —— 环境保护与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都市蓉城联盟·期中） As people’s understanding of climate change increases, so does their wish to act. However, the size of the problems — such as wildfires, melting ice, and long periods without rain — can feel too great to solve. It’s difficult to see how our daily habits connect to protecting animals like polar bears, let alone how we can make a difference. A key way to measure the effects of our actions is through a carbon footprint. Although this idea is becoming more popular (searching “How to reduce my carbon footprint? ” gives 27 million results), many still don't fully grasp it. A carbon footprint refers to the total harm caused by producing goods or activities. For people in wealthy nations, most emissions come from four main areas: home energy use, transportation, food choices, and other purchases (购买) like clothes or electronics. Each choice adds to your footprint. For instance, eating beef increases your food footprint more than being vegetarian. However, someone who drives a fuel-heavy car daily might have a larger footprint than a meat-eater who walks. Calculating this is complex. Take flights: it’s simple to divide fuel use by passengers, but first-class seats take up more space, increasing emissions. Other factors like cargo weight or flight altitude also matter. Other calculations are even harder. Making a car involves mining materials, powering factories, transporting parts, and using machinery — all linked to the car’s raw materials. Because of this complexity, Berners-Lee calls carbon footprints “impossible to calculate exactly”, yet he argues that rough estimates are enough for most people to take action. To lower your footprint, focus on what matters most for your lifestyle. For example, switching to an electric car is better for the environment in Vermont (where they use clean energy from water) than in West Virginia (where coal is the main energy source). As Berners-Lee explains, “Flying might be a small part of someone’s carbon footprint, but for others, it’s the biggest part. Prioritize the largest impact areas. ” 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．People paid little attention to climate change. B．Polar bears are affected by wildfires and melting ice. C．There is a gap between problems and individual actions. D．Different countries’ environmental problems are different. 2．According to the text, what does a “carbon footprint” measure? A．The total cost of producing goods like cars or clothes. B．The carbon emissions coming from wealthy countries. C．The things people use, eat and purchase in their everyday life. D．The amount of greenhouse gases released by human activities. 3．What makes calculating a car’s carbon footprint particularly difficult? A．The color and size of the car. B．The need to track raw materials. C．The preference for electric cars. D．The cost of gas in different countries. 4．What advice does Beriers-Lee give about reducing personal carbon footprints? A．Reduce the largest sources of emissions first. B．Switch to using an electric car in West Virginia. C．Move to countries powered by renewable energy. D．Focus on small daily changes like turning off lights. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳足迹的概念、计算难度以及降低个人碳足迹的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, the size of the problems — such as wildfires, melting ice, and long periods without rain — can feel too great to solve. It’s difficult to see how our daily habits connect to protecting animals like polar bears, let alone how we can make a difference. (然而，诸如野火、冰川融化、长期无雨等问题的规模之大，让人感觉难以解决。很难看出我们的日常习惯与保护北极熊等动物有何联系，更不用说我们如何能有所作为了)”可知，问题规模很大，很难看出日常中的个人行动与保护动物有任何联系。由此推知，问题和个人行动之间存在差距。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A carbon footprint refers to the total harm caused by producing goods or activities. For people in wealthy nations, most emissions come from four main areas: home energy use, transportation, food choices, and other purchases (购买) like clothes or electronics. (碳足迹指的是生产商品或活动所造成的总危害。对于富裕国家的人来说，大部分排放来自四个主要领域：家庭能源使用、交通、食物选择以及其他购买行为，如衣服或电子产品)”可知，碳足迹衡量的是人类活动释放的温室气体量。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Making a car involves mining materials, powering factories, transporting parts, and using machinery — all linked to the car’s raw materials. (制造一辆汽车涉及开采材料、为工厂供电、运输零部件以及使用机械——所有这些都与汽车的原材料有关)”可知，追踪汽车的原材料使得计算汽车的碳足迹特别困难。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As Berners-Lee explains, “Flying might be a small part of someone’s carbon footprint, but for others, it’s the biggest part. Prioritize the largest impact areas.” (正如伯纳斯-李解释的那样，“飞行可能只是某人碳足迹的一小部分，但对其他人来说，它是最大的部分。要优先考虑影响最大的领域。”)”可知，伯纳斯-李建议优先考虑影响最大的领域，即首先减少最大的排放源。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省德阳市博雅明德高级中学·期中） “An increase of just 2 ℃ in global temperatures could make the world much drier and more desert-like,” new research has warned. According to it, more than a quarter of the world’s land surface would become drier and wildfires could be widespread. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia. These areas are home to more than 20 percent of the world’s population — that’s over 1.5 billion people. However, scientists found that limiting global warming to 1.5 ℃ would greatly reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected. “Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2 ℃,” said Dr. Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s school of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-author. The study looked at the present rate of global temperature increase and compared it to data from before the industrial revolution (工业革命). The world has already warmed by 1℃ since then. The Paris Agreement, which was first signed in 2015, is an international agreement to control climate change. It hopes to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ and to take efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃. In June, President Trump, however, announced his intention for the US, the second largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world, to withdraw from the agreement. Drought is one of the biggest concerns in some parts of the world, where rainfall is rare and water is not enough. Some parks of Kenya, for example, can go an entire year without a drop of rain. 1．What will happen if the global temperature increases by 1.5 ℃? A．Many areas of the world will become much drier. B．The percentage of the Earth’s affected surface will be lower. C．The greenhouse effect will be far worse. D．Many people will leave their home for safer places. 2．Which country is most likely to be affected by aridification? A．China B．Russia C．Canada D．Philippine 3．What is Dr. Manoj’s attitude towards the global temperature change? A．Doubtful B．Supportive C．Concerned D．Unclear 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．To call on every country to control greenhouse gases. B．To encourage every country to protect the earth. C．To introduce the possible effect of climate change. D．To raise some suggestions on preventing climate change. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，全球变暖会导致干旱化，使世界变得更加干燥，更像沙漠， 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, scientists found that limiting global warming to 1.1 ℃ would greatly reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected. (然而，科学家们发现，将全球变暖限制在1.1℃将大大降低地球表面受影响的百分比)”可知，将全球变暖限制在1.1 ℃将大大降低地球表面受影响的百分比，由此可知，如果全球气温上升1.1 ℃，地球受影响表面的百分比将更低。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to it, more than a quarter of the world’s land surface would become drier and wildfires could be widespread. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia.  (据报道，世界上四分之一以上的陆地表面将变得更加干燥，野火可能会蔓延。受影响最严重的地区是东南亚、南欧、南部非洲、中美洲和澳大利亚南部的部分地区)”可知，受干旱化影响最严重的地区是东南亚、南欧、南部非洲、中美洲和澳大利亚南部的部分地区，结合选项可知，“Philippine (菲律宾)”属于东南亚地区，由此可知，菲律宾最有可能受到干旱化的影响。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2 ℃,” said Dr. Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s school of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-author. (东安格利亚大学环境科学学院的Manoj Joshi博士是该研究的合著者之一，他说：“到全球气温变化达到2℃时，全球20%至30%的陆地表面将出现干旱化。”)”可知，Manoj Joshi博士认为到全球气温变化达到2℃时，全球20%至30%的陆地表面将出现干旱化，由此可知，他认为全球变暖导致的干旱化会产生严重影响，他对全球气温变化的态度是担心的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容““An increase of just 2 ℃ in global temperatures could make the world much drier and more desert-like,” new research has warned. (新的研究警告称：“全球气温仅上升2℃，就会使世界变得更加干燥，更像沙漠。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，全球变暖会导致干旱化，使世界变得更加干燥，更像沙漠，由此可知，这篇文章主要介绍了气候变化可能产生的影响。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省资中县第二中学·期中） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net carbon capture (捕获) capacity of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes! . Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 1．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They increase the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 2．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Consume. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 3．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲森林象有助于提升森林的碳捕获能力减缓气候变化被称作“气候英雄”，以及它们面临的威胁。 1．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net carbon capture (捕获) capacity of the forest by almost 250 acres. (据估计，一头森林大象可以使森林的净碳捕获能力增加近250英亩。)”可知，非洲森林象通过提高森林的碳捕获能力来帮助减缓气候变化。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词的上文“In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. (此外，它们对水果的渴望也有助于促进森林的生长)”以及下文“In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor.( 换句话说，种子穿过大象的身体，直到它们掉回森林地面)”可知，大象喜欢吃水果，而水果的种子通过大象的排泄从大象体内回到森林地面，这帮助散播了水果种子，有助于促进森林的生长。故disperse 同spread “传播”意思相近。故选C。 3．细节理解题。文章最后一段中“These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. (这些主要来自对象牙非法国际贸易的狩猎，也来自栖息地的丧失和食物来源的减少。在31年的时间里，森林大象的数量减少了86%以上，它们的栖息地被认为减少了75%)”可知，非洲森林象面临的主要威胁是非法狩猎、栖息地丧失和食物来源减少。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. (大象在维持生物多样性和健康生态系统方面的重要作用为它们赢得了各种各样的名字，包括生态系统工程师和森林园丁。然而，非洲森林象——一种生活在中非热带雨林中的物种——越来越多地被另一个名字所认可：‘气候英雄’。)”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲森林象如何通过增加森林的碳捕获能力来缓解气候变化，被称作“气候英雄”，以及非洲森林象所面临的威胁；因此，最适合的标题是B选项“非洲森林象的新角色：气候英雄”，故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省达州外国语学校·期中） Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other. Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night. As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind. As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change. 1．What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild? A．Living in a group. B．Growing beautiful feathers. C．Feeding on the ground. D．Avoiding coming out at night. 2．What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk? A．To attack back. B．To get away. C．To protect the young. D．To play dead. 3．Why would a balloon frighten a parrot? A．It may explode suddenly. B．It may be in a strange shape. C．It may have a strong color. D．It may move around quickly. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B．To give advice on raising a parrot. C．To call for action to protect animals. D．To introduce a study on bird ecology. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.(因为它们最大的敌人是鹰，鹦鹉对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感。)” 和下文“This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(这是一种不受逻辑或理性约束的内在反应。简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能移动速度快，让使鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。 主题 01 人与自我 —— 健康与心理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省遂宁中学校·期中） Cheese and red wine are basic diets over the festive period, and if you love red wine and cheese, a new study will come as music to your ears. Researchers from Iowa State University have found that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive (认知的) decline. In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption (摄取). The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline. Dr. Auriel Willette, who led the study, said: “I was pleasantly surprised that our results suggest that appropriately (合适地) eating cheese and drinking red wine daily are not just good for helping us cope with some diseases, but perhaps also dealing with an increasingly complex world. Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials (临床试验) at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in great ways.” While the reason for the link remains unclear, the researchers believe that cheese and red wine may protect some people from the effects of Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病). Brandon Klinedinst, an author of the study, added: “Depending on the genetic factors you carry, some individuals seem to be more protected from the effects of Alzheimer’s, while others seem to beat greater risk. Perhaps the silver bullet we’re looking for is improving how we eat. Knowing what that involves contributes to a better understanding of Alzheimer’s and putting this disease in an opposite path.” 1．Which of the following increases the risk of cognitive problems? A．Taking in too much salt. B．Eating cheese properly. C．Drinking red wine daily. D．Consuming lamb weekly. 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Changes in our diet help our brains in significant ways. B．The diets of wealthy people were not taken into consideration. C．The study results need to be proved by more clinical trials. D．Some diseases make our world increasingly complex. 3．What does Brandon Klinedinst suggest on fighting Alzheimer’s disease? A．Developing advanced genetic treatments. B．Focusing on improving dietary habits. C．Increasing clinical trials for new drugs. D．Studying the diets of wealthy populations. 4．What is the study mainly about? A．Basic diets over the festive period. B．Possible reasons for cognitive decline. C．Feelings of pleasant music to people’s ears. D．Effects of certain diets on cognitive decline. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项最新研究表明，喝红酒和吃奶酪有助于减少认知能力下降。文章介绍了这项研究具体的展开过程以及发现，研究人员认为，奶酪和红酒可能会保护一些人免受阿尔茨海默氏症的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline.(然而，过量摄入盐会增加认知能力下降的风险)”可知，摄入太多盐会增加患认知问题的风险。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials (临床试验) at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in great ways.(尽管我们考虑过这是否仅仅是因为富人的饮食，但需要随机进行临床试验，以确定在饮食上做出简单的改变是否能以很大的方式帮助我们的大脑。)”可推知，研究结果需要更多的临床试验来证明。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Perhaps the silver bullet we’re looking for is improving how we eat.(也许我们正在寻找的灵丹妙药是改善我们的饮食方式)”可知，Brandon Klinedinst认为我们正在寻找针对阿尔茨海默病的最简单的解决方案就是改善我们的饮食习惯。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Researchers from Iowa State University have found that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive (认知的) decline.(爱荷华州立大学的研究人员发现，喝红酒和吃奶酪有助于减少认知能力下降)”以及第二段“In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption (摄取). The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline.(在这项研究中，研究人员分析了1787名年龄在46岁至77岁之间的成年人的数据，并要求他们完成有关饮食和酒精消费的调查问卷。结果表明，奶酪是预防与年龄有关的认知问题的最有效的食物，即使到了晚年也是如此。每天喝红酒也被证明可以改善认知功能，而每周吃羊肉被证明可以提高长期的认知能力。然而，过量食用盐会增加认知能力下降的风险)”可知，这项研究的主要内容是研究某些饮食对认知能力下降的影响。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you—recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been worsened by digital technologies. Permanent (永久的) connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family. The research also suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance. Correia examined research which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to see a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report regarding time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us to prioritise (优先处理) our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continual state of “just about keeping our head above water”. 1．What’s the finding of recent research? A．People usually feel they lack time. B．Urban life helps people forget time. C．Time races faster in the countryside. D．Nature can adjust our impression of time. 2．Which of the following may contribute to time poverty according to the article? A．The rise of AI tools. B．Increased time spent on outdoor activities. C．Increased exposure to natural environments. D．Continuous connectivity from digital technologies. 3．What can be a good solution to the feeling of time poverty? A．Staying longer in natural environments. B．Increasing working hours to complete tasks faster. C．Using digital tools to schedule tasks more efficiently. D．Focusing more on immediate rewards than long-term goals. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards findings of the researches? A．Neutral. B．Critical. C．Favorable D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近期研究揭示自然环境对人类时间感知的调节作用，通过对比城市与自然场景下人类对时间的主观体验差异，阐释自然如何缓解“时间匮乏感”并重塑人们对过去、现在与未来的时间认知，进而助力长期目标规划。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you—recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time.(然而，当你走到户外的乡村，突然间一切似乎都慢了下来，变得更加轻松惬意，仿佛时间也不知怎的发生了变化。这并非你的错觉——最近的研究表明，大自然能够调节我们对时间的感知。)”可知，最近的研究表明，大自然能够调节我们对时间的感知。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Time poverty has also been worsened by digital technologies. Permanent(永久的) connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.(数字技术也加剧了时间匮乏的问题。全天候的网络连接延长了工作时间，而且可能会让我们很难从朋友和家人的需求中解脱出来。)”可知，时间匮乏问题因数字技术而加剧，持续的网络连接延长了工作时间，让人难以从朋友和家人的需求中解脱出来。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The research also suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance.(这项研究还表明，解决我们时间不足问题的办法或许就存在于自然界中。芬兰图尔库大学的心理学家Richardo Correia发现，身处大自然中可能会改变我们体验时间的方式，甚至或许能让我们产生时间充裕的感觉。)”可知，解决时间匮乏问题的办法可能存在于自然界中。而下文“Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.(大自然似乎让我们对时间的感知变慢，并且让我们觉得时间更充裕了。)”也阐述了身处大自然中能改变人们对时间的体验，让人们产生时间充裕的感觉。因此，解决时间匮乏感的一个好办法是在自然环境中多待些时间。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.(所以，大自然并非让我们只关注时间紧迫所带来的压力，而是帮助我们看到更广阔的图景。)”以及最后一段“This can help us to prioritise (优先处理) our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continual state of “just about keeping our head above water”(这能够帮助我们对行动进行优先排序，以便实现我们的长期目标，而不是一直处于一种“勉强维持生计”的持续状态中。)”可推测，作者对研究结果的态度是支持的。故选C。 主题 02 人与社会 —— 科技伦理与社会文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省广元市广元市直属学校·期中） In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek has emerged as a significant player, attracting global attention for its advanced language models and innovative technological solutions. DeepSeek’ s language models are designed with remarkable capabilities. They can handle a wide range of natural language processing tasks, from answering complex questions to generating logical and context-appropriate text. These models are trained on vast amounts of data, enabling them to learn the tiny distinction of language, grammar, and semantics (语义学). This extensive training equips them to understand the subtleties of human communication, whether it’s in the form of a casual conversation or a highly technical discussion. One of the key applications of DeepSeek’s technology is in the field of customer service. Many companies are integrating DeepSeek’s language models into their customer service systems. This allows for instant responses to customer inquiries, 24/7 availability, and the ability to handle multiple inquiries simultaneously. By employing DeepSeek, companies can significantly improve the efficiency of their customer service operations, thus enhancing customer satisfaction. More than that,as new products are launched and services are updated, the system can include this information. Moreover, in the field of content creation, DeepSeek offers new possibilities. Writers, bloggers, and journalists can use it as a tool to get inspiration, generate outlines, or even draft initial versions of their work. It can help in quickly gathering relevant information and presenting it in a structured manner, saving time and effort in the content-creation process. However, like all emerging technologies, DeepSeek also raises some concerns. Issues such as the ethical use of AI-generated content, potential biases in the training data, and the impact on jobs in certain fields are being widely debated. One particularly notable issue is DeepSeek’s relatively high rate of “AI illusion(幻觉)”. No matter what questions users ask, it will never say“I don’t know” and will definitely provide an answer. If certain information is lacking, it will make inferences based on what it considers reasonable assumptions, and these assumptions may be incorrect. 1．What can DeepSeek’s language models do according to Paragraph 2? A．They can promote the development of words. B．They can deal with language problems naturally. C．They can generate context-aware text with logic. D．They can understand the subtle feelings in communication. 2．Which is not the influence that Deepseek will have on customer service? A．Improving the efficiency of the reply. B．Reducing the number of service agents. C．Enhancing the competitiveness of a company. D．Providing the latest product information instantly. 3．What can be inferred about Deepseek from the passage? A．Answers DeepSeek provides are inaccurate sometimes. B．Writers and bloggers will be replaced someday. C．People in all walks of life will gain benefit from it. D．DeepSeek and other emerging technologies face similar concerns. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Deepseek? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DeepSeek的优点、应用情况以及存在的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They can handle a wide range of natural language processing tasks, from answering complex questions to generating logical and context-appropriate text.(它们可以处理范围广泛的自然语言处理任务，从回答复杂的问题到生成逻辑和上下文合适的文本)”可知，DeepSeek的语言模型可以生成具有逻辑的上下文感知文本。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the key applications of DeepSeek’s technology is in the field of customer service. Many companies are integrating DeepSeek’s language models into their customer service systems. This allows for instant responses to customer inquiries, 24/7 availability, and the ability to handle multiple inquiries simultaneously. By employing DeepSeek, companies can significantly improve the efficiency of their customer service operations, thus enhancing customer satisfaction. More than that,as new products are launched and services are updated, the system can include this information.(DeepSeek技术的关键应用之一是在客户服务领域。许多公司正在将DeepSeek的语言模型集成到他们的客户服务系统中。这允许对客户查询进行即时响应，24/7可用性，以及同时处理多个查询的能力。通过使用DeepSeek，企业可以显著提高客户服务运营的效率，从而提高客户满意度。不仅如此，随着新产品的推出和服务的更新，系统还可以包括这些信息)”可知，减少服务代理的数量不是DeepSeek对客户服务的影响。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One particularly notable issue is DeepSeek’s relatively high rate of “AI illusion(幻觉)”. No matter what questions users ask, it will never say“I don’t know” and will definitely provide an answer. If certain information is lacking, it will make inferences based on what it considers reasonable assumptions, and these assumptions may be incorrect.(一个特别值得注意的问题是DeepSeek相对较高的“人工智能错觉”率。无论用户问什么问题，它都不会说“我不知道”，而且肯定会提供答案。如果缺乏某些信息，它会根据它认为合理的假设进行推断，而这些假设可能是不正确的)”可知，DeepSeek提供的答案有时不准确。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“DeepSeek’ s language models are designed with remarkable capabilities.(DeepSeek的语言模型设计得非常出色)”；第三段“One of the key applications of DeepSeek’s technology is in the field of customer service.(DeepSeek技术的关键应用之一是在客户服务领域)”以及最后一段“However, like all emerging technologies, DeepSeek also raises some concerns.(然而，像所有新兴技术一样，DeepSeek也引发了一些担忧)”可知，作者分析了Deepseek的优缺点，对其态度是客观的。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） The recent emergence of DeepSeek, a Chinese start-up, has broken the current message in Silicon Valley regarding the development of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models. DeepSeek’s open-source AI model, R1, has demonstrated capabilities comparable to those of leading models from major American tech firms, but it was developed at a significantly lower cost and with less powerful hardware. This shift challenges the long held belief that only the wealthiest companies could dominate (主导) the AI landscape by investing heavily in resources. As tech giants struggle with this new situation, questions are being raised about their policies and spending habits. The traditional approach of outspending competitors on advanced chips and expansive data centers is now under investigation. Industry experts suggest that the focus may need to shift towards efficiency, with companies competing to create more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable AI solutions. Responses from American tech leaders have been swift, with OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman acknowledging the impressive nature of DeepSeek’s R1 model and promising accelerated releases of new models. This competitive pressure is likely to lead to a reevaluation of data center investments and pricing policies, as companies aim to remain relevant in a rapidly evolving market. Despite concerns about DeepSeek’s claims regarding its development costs, its success has motivated other AI labs to innovate and create more efficient models. The industry is expected to shift focus towards maximizing AI capabilities within existing computational limits rather than merely increasing hardware resources. Some industry leaders view DeepSeek’s achievements as a confirmation of open-source AI, proving that open-source AI has its value. Furthermore, they advocate for greater cooperation and sharing of innovations among American tech companies. This perspective suggests that encouraging an open-source ecosystem could stimulate the overall competitiveness of the US tech industry. Ultimately, while DeepSeek’s success may stimulate short-term adjustments in business models, it also highlights the potential for AI technology to popularize access and drive innovation across the globe. The ongoing evolution of the AI landscape will require companies to adapt to new situations, balancing competition with cooperation to ensure the continued advancement of the technology. 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．American tech firms are losing dominance due to inefficient policies. B．AI development now favors cost-effectiveness over hardware investment. C．DeepSeek’s R1 model outperforms all existing AI models in hardware requirements. D．DeepSeek challenges the belief that only resource-rich companies can lead AI innovation. 2．What is the expected industry focus in response to DeepSeek’s success? A．Reducing the environmental impact of data center operations. B．Maximizing AI capabilities within existing computational limits. C．Increasing investments in advanced chips and expansive data centers. D．Developing more powerful hardware resources to compete with DeepSeek. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards DeepSeek’s breakthrough in AI development? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Optimistic. D．Critical. 4．What does the passage imply about the future shift towards AI development? A．It will lead to a decrease in the overall competitiveness of the US tech industry. B．It will make AI technology accessible to more people and fuel innovation globally. C．It will increase the profit of AI business models for all AI companies. D．It will limit the application of AI technology to only the wealthiest companies. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了中国初创公司DeepSeek推出的开源AI模型R1打破了硅谷在先进AI模型开发方面的现状，引发了业界对AI发展策略和投资方向的重新思考。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The recent emergence of DeepSeek, a Chinese start-up, has broken the current message in Silicon Valley regarding the development of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models. DeepSeek’s open-source AI model, R1, has demonstrated capabilities comparable to those of leading models from major American tech firms, but it was developed at a significantly lower cost and with less powerful hardware. This shift challenges the long held belief that only the wealthiest companies could dominate the AI landscape by investing heavily in resources.(中国初创公司DeepSeek的崛起打破了硅谷目前在先进人工智能(AI)模型开发方面的现状。DeepSeek的开源AI模型R1展现出了与美国主要科技公司领先模型相当的能力，但它的开发成本要低得多，而且使用的硬件也不那么强大。这一转变挑战了长期以来人们认为只有最富有的公司才能通过大量投资资源来主导AI领域的观念。)”可知，第一段主要讨论了DeepSeek如何挑战了只有资源丰富的公司才能引领AI创新的传统观念。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The industry is expected to shift focus towards maximizing AI capabilities within existing computational limits rather than merely increasing hardware resources.(预计行业将把重点转向在现有计算能力范围内最大化AI能力，而不仅仅是增加硬件资源。)”可知，为了应对DeepSeek的成功，行业的关注点预期会是在现有计算能力范围内最大化AI能力。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, while DeepSeek’s success may stimulate short-term adjustments in business models, it also highlights the potential for AI technology to popularize access and drive innovation across the globe.(最终，虽然DeepSeek的成功可能会刺激商业模式的短期调整，但它也凸显了AI技术在普及应用和推动全球创新方面的潜力。)”可知，作者对DeepSeek在AI开发方面的突破持乐观态度，认为其有助于AI技术的普及和全球创新。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, while DeepSeek’s success may stimulate short-term adjustments in business models, it also highlights the potential for AI technology to popularize access and drive innovation across the globe.(最终，虽然DeepSeek的成功可能会刺激商业模式的短期调整，但它也凸显了AI技术在普及应用和推动全球创新方面的潜力。)”可知，这篇文章暗示了未来AI开发的方向将更注重普及AI技术的应用和推动全球创新，让更多人能够使用AI技术。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省达州市万源市万源中学·期中） In Denmark, bicycling is one of the primary forms of transportation. In sunshine, rain and snow, you will see cyclists on their way to work, to the grocery store, or to social events. The bike is a Dane’s best friend. Danish cycling culture is as old as the bicycle itself. Bikes were first introduced to the country in the 1880s, and during the 1920s and 1930s, the bicycle became a widespread symbol of equality and freedom. People of all social classes began biking side by side — in the cities on their way to work and in the countryside on their days off. The increased economy development of the late 1950s saw some Danes replacing bikes with motorcycles and automobiles. Just like their colleagues around the world, Danish urban planners believed the future belonged to cars, trucks, and ever-wider highways. In the early 1970s, however, the Mideast oil crisis terminated that development. “Car Free Sundays” were introduced in Copenhagen, and movements demanding Copenhagen to become car-free took place. Over time, concerns about air pollution, climate change, and the need for people to get enough exercise have helped bicycles make a big comeback. Denmark’s heavy taxes on petrol and automobiles are a factor, too. Today, cycling is an inseparable part of Danish culture. Newcomers who do not know how to cycle are encouraged to learn as soon as they arrive. Danish children usually learn to bike before they begin school at the age of six — and often much earlier. In school, children learn about traffic rules, road safety, and the importance of wearing a helmet as well as good cycling habits. Another choice for families with children is the cargo bike — a sort of oversized tricycle with a large wooden box on the front. It’s estimated that a quarter of all Copenhagen families with two or more children own one of these cargo bikes for transporting kids, groceries, and other necessities. Danish cargo bikes have also won design awards and become a Danish export success. Commuting by bike is the fastest, easiest and most environmentally friendly way to get around the cities of Denmark. And the numbers speak for themselves: Residents who cycle in Copenhagen request 1.1 million fewer sick days. Cyclists reduce CO2 emissions by 20,000 tonnes a year on average. 1．What led to the popularity of bicycles in Denmark during the 1920s and 1930s? A．The convenience of the bike. B．The development of the economy. C．The idea that the bike symbolizes. D．The construction of wide highways. 2．What does the underlined word “terminated” mean in the 3rd paragraph? A．Improved. B．Permitted. C．Ended. D．restarted. 3．What do we know about cargo bikes from the 4th paragraph? A．They are owned by about 25% families. B．They are designed for practical use. C．They are the national symbol of Denmark. D．They are unpopular among local residents. 4．Why does the author mention the data in the last paragraph? A．To prove the effectiveness of cycling. B．To compare cycling with driving. C．To show the popularity of cycling. D．To conclude the financial benefits of cycling. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是在丹麦，骑自行车是主要的交通方式之一，自行车是丹麦人最好的朋友。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Danish cycling culture is as old as the bicycle itself. Bikes were first introduced to the country in the 1880s, and during the 1920s and 1930s, the bicycle became a widespread symbol of equality and freedom.(丹麦的自行车文化就和自行车本身一样古老。自行车在19世纪80年代首次被引入美国，在20世纪20年代和30年代，自行车成为平等和自由的广泛象征。)”可知，自行车所代表的自由和平等的理念促成了20世纪20年代和30年代自行车在丹麦的流行。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词之前“The increased economy development of the late 1950s saw some Danes replacing bikes with motorcycles and automobiles. Just like their colleagues around the world, Danish urban planners believed the future belonged to cars, trucks, and ever-wider highways. In the early 1970s, however, the Mideast oil crisis(20世纪50年代末的经济的快速发展，使得一些丹麦人用摩托车和汽车取代了自行车。就像他们在世界各地的同事一样，丹麦的城市规划者认为，未来属于汽车、卡车和越来越广阔的高速公路。然而，在20世纪70年代初，中东地区的石油危机)”以及划线词之后“that development. “Car Free Sundays” were introduced in Copenhagen, and protests demanding Copenhagen to become car-free took place. Over time, concerns about air pollution, climate change, and the need for people to get enough exercise have helped bicycles make a big comeback. Denmark’s heavy taxes on petrol and automobiles are a factor, too.(发展。哥本哈根推出了“无车星期天”，并举行了要求哥本哈根无车的抗议活动。随着时间的推移，对空气污染、气候变化的担忧，以及人们需要得到足够的锻炼，使自行车重新流行起来。丹麦对汽油和汽车的重税也是一个因素。)”可知，20世纪50年代末经济的发展让丹麦的城市的规划者一度认为丹麦的未来属于汽车、卡车和越来越广阔的高速公路，但是20世纪70年代初的中东地区的石油危机以及人们对于环境的担忧使得哥本哈根推出了“无车星期天”，并举行了要求哥本哈根无车的抗议活动，这让自行车重新流行起来，可以推测汽车行业不再发展了，所以划线词的意思应为：停止，终止，与C项end意思相近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Another choice for families with children is the cargo bike — a sort of oversized tricycle with a large wooden box on the front. It’s estimated that a quarter of all Copenhagen families with two or more children own one of these cargo bikes for transporting kids, groceries, and other necessities. Danish cargo bikes have also won design awards and become a Danish export success.(有孩子的家庭的另一种选择是货运自行车——一种前面有一个大木箱的超大三轮车。据估计，在所有有两个或两个以上孩子的哥本哈根家庭中，有四分之一拥有其中一辆货运自行车，用于运送孩子、食品杂货和其他生活必需品。)”可知，丹麦的货运自行车既可以用来运送孩子，还可以运送食品杂货和其他生活必需品，所以它的设计是非常实用的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Commuting by bike is the fastest, easiest and most environmentally friendly way to get around the cities of Denmark. And the numbers speak for themselves: Residents who cycle in Copenhagen request 1.1 million fewer sick days. Cyclists reduce CO2 emissions by 4,000 tonnes a year on average. (在丹麦的城市里，骑自行车上下班是最快、最简单、最环保的方式。数字不言自明：在哥本哈根骑自行车的居民要少请110万天病假。骑自行车平均每年减少2万吨二氧化碳排放。)”可知，文章最后一段主要讲的是在丹麦骑自行车的好处，而列举数字是为了总结一下骑自行车的经济效益。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都市金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中） The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years. In 1721, the printer James Franklin, Benjamin’s older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper. He filled his paper with stories of adventure, articles on art, on famous people, and on all sorts of political subjects. Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin’s Courant, few believe that newspapers in their present printed from will remain alive for long. Newspaper companies are losing advertisers(广告商)，readers, market value, and in some cases, their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago. The chief editor(主编) of the Times said recently, “At places where they gather, editors ask one another, ‘How are you?’, as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.” An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of the Guandian, under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.” Perhaps not, but the rise of the Internet, which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world, has brought about a real sense of death. Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years. The New York Times Company has seen its stock(股票) drop by 54% since the end of 2004, with much of the loss coming in the past year. A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stock-holders sell off their Times stock. The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education; its testing and test-preparation service now brings in at least half the company’s income. 1．What can we learn about the New England Courant? A．It is mainly about the stock market. B．It marks the beginning of the American newspaper. C．It remains a successful newspaper in America. D．It carries articles by political leaders. 2．What can we infer about the newspaper editors? A．They often accept readers’ suggestions. B．They care a lot about each other’s health. C．They stop doing business with advertisers. D．They face great difficulties in their business. 3．Which of the following found a new way for its development? A．The Washington Post. B．The Guardian. C．The New York Times. D．New England Courant. 4．How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers? A．Satisfied. B．Hopeful. C．Worried. D．Surprised. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章给我们呈现了报业从起源到现在面临的困境——受到更多先进快捷媒体比如internet的冲击的现状。作者通过回顾和现状事实的描述，也表达了自己的担忧：未来报业何去何从？这篇文字设计上看，也没有更多的难度。总体文字流畅，事例逻辑表达完整。从问题的设计方面看，也没有过多的迷惑度。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In 1721, the printer James Franklin, Benjamin’s older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.( 1721年，印刷工詹姆斯·富兰克林，本杰明的哥哥，创办了《新英格兰新闻报》，这就是我们今天可能认识到的真正的报纸。)”可知，《新英格兰新闻报》标志着美国报纸的开始。故选B。 2．推理判断题。通过全文可知旨在说明报纸存在危机。尤其是文章第二段的编辑之间的谈话部分。可以推断出报纸编辑在工作中面临很大困难。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education; its testing and test-preparation service now brings in at least half the company’s income.(《华盛顿邮报》只是通过将部分业务转向教育，才避免了这种麻烦;它的考试和备考服务现在为公司带来了至少一半的收入。)”可知，《华盛顿邮报》为它的发展找到了新的途径答案。故选A。 4．推断判断题。通读全文，作者在列举报纸业所面临的种种问题，可以判断作者对此很担忧。故选C。 主题 03 人与社会 —— 野生动物保护与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省达州外国语学校·期中） Have you ever wondered what it would be like to work with zoo or aquarium animals? Kylene, an animal care specialist from Sea World San Diego, who cared for the African penguins at SeaWorld for many years. Over the past several years, the South African penguins have been on the decrease in numbers. A hundred years ago, there were about 1 million African penguins, but since then their population has decreased to under 100 ,000. Scientists predict the population could fall as low as 50 ,000 over the next 20 years if we don't do anything. Some scientists think the changing ocean temperatures have caused the penguins1 food supply to disappear. Humans have also disturbed the penguins ' wild habitat and collected their eggs. And humans have also been collecting guano (the waste passed from the sea birds' bodies) , which can be added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully. As a result, humans damage their natural nest-digging sites. Without the piles of guano the penguins used to build their nests, they've been forced to nest on open ground. Some other scientists think the slight increase in air temperature on the islands has had an impact on the penguins' success rate of hatching their eggs. No matter what the reason is, South African penguin population is falling, and scientists need to find a way to stop the decline. Working with other zoos in the country, Kylene did what she could to help protect the South African penguins. Through Kylene's efforts and the efforts of the people like her at many penguin conservation organizations in South Africa, these little penguins have a chance for a better tomorrow. 1．What has happened to the South African penguins over the past years? A．The penguin population has greatly declined. B．They've begun to lose the habitat completely. C．They have done great harm to the natural environment. D．They have been hunted by humans for money-making. 2．What does the third paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of penguins' return. B．The causes of penguins' decrease. C．The efforts of some scientists. D．the necessity of penguins' existence. 3．What is guano used for by humans? A．The food supply. B．The building materials. C．The good shelter. D．The farming fertilizer. 4．What is the author's attitude towards the future of the South African penguins? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南极企鹅的数量在减少，科学家在寻找原因，并且动物护理专家Kylene正在为保护企鹅做出努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段首句Over the past several years, the South African penguins have been on the decrease in numbers.（在过去的几年里，南非企鹅的数量一直在减少。）可知，南非企鹅数量锐减。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段Some scientists think the changing ocean temperatures have caused the penguins1 food supply to disappear. Humans have also disturbed the penguins5 wild habitat and collected their eggs. And humans have also been collecting guano (the waste passed from the sea birds' bodies) , which can be added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully. . 可知，一些科学家认为，海洋温度的变化导致了企鹅的食物供应消失。人类也扰乱了企鹅的野生栖息地，并收集它们的蛋。人类也一直在收集鸟粪(从海鸟身上排出的废物)，它们可以被添加到土壤中，让植物生长得更顺利。所以第二段主要关于企鹅数量减少的原因。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的And humans have also been collecting guano (the waste passed from the sea birds' bodies) , which can be added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully.（人类也一直在收集鸟粪(从海鸟身上排出的废物)，它们可以被添加到土壤中，让植物生长得更顺利。）可知，guano可以被用作肥料。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Through Kylene's efforts and the efforts of the people like her at many penguin conservation organizations in South Africa, these little penguins have a chance for a better tomorrow.可知，在 Kylene 及相关企鹅保护组织人士的帮助下，南非企鹅可能会有一个不错的未来。由此可以推知，作者的态度是感觉有希望的。故选C。 【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。（5）预测文章出处。根据文章主旨判断出文章可能出自什么地方。例如本文中最后一题就属于第三种类型，属于目的意图题。例如，本文中的第4小题属于态度推断题。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省德阳市博雅明德高级中学·期中） In southeastern Brazil, local fishers walk into dark waters in search of mullet (鲻鱼). On their own, it would be tricky to find the silvery fish. But the humans get help from an unusual partner—wild bottle-nose dolphins. With nets in hand, the fishers patiently wait as their cetacean (鲸类的) partners drive the fish toward the shore. A signal from the dolphins—usually a deep dive—indicates when they should cast their nets. This fishing partnership has passed down through the generations, lasting for more than a century. While researchers knew humans profited from this pairing, they couldn’t confirm whether it benefited the dolphins. Now, in a new study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers suggest cetaceans that hunt with humans have more chances to live than those that don’t. “Human-wildlife cooperation in general is an uncommon phenomenon (现象) at a global scale,” says Mauricio Cantor, a biologist at Oregon State University and leader of the study. “Usually humans gain the benefit, and nature pays the cost. But this interaction (互动) has been happening for over 150 years.” Fishers were more successful when they worked with the dolphins. When dolphins were present, the fishers were 17 times more likely to catch prey (猎物) and netted nearly four times more mullet when they timed their casting with the cetaceans signals. Eighty-six percent of all 4,955 mullet caught during the study period came from their interactions at the same time—when the allies organized their actions perfectly with one another. The study also revealed dolphins hunting with humans had a 13 percent increase in survival rate over other dolphins. These cooperative (合作的) dolphins are more likely to stay near the shore reducing their chance of being caught in illegal fishing equipment. Besides, the dolphins can take some fish directly from the fishers harvest. 1．What do the first two paragraphs talk about concerning Brazilian fishers? A．They trick dolphins into fishing for them. B．They have been training dolphins over a century. C．They harvest more fish with dolphins’ help. D．They throw the fishing nets when dolphins are on the top of water. 2．What does Mauricio Cantor’s research show? A．Nature supports human beings at no cost. B．Fishers benefiting from cooperation with cetaceans is common. C．Human-wildlife interaction is a new global trend. D．Dolphins working with man have higher survival rate. 3．What does the underlined word “allies” refer to in paragraph 5? A．partners B．preys C．dolphins D．researchers 4．What’s the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To call on the protection of sea creatures. B．To support development in fishing research. C．To show a unique human-dolphin relationship. D．To encourage fishers to better draw on dolphins. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类和野生宽吻海豚合作捕鱼的故事，从而展示一种独特的人与海豚的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In southeastern Brazil, local fishers walk into dark waters in search of mullet (鲻鱼). On their own, it would be tricky to find the silvery fish. But the humans get help from an unusual partner—wild bottle-nose dolphins. (在巴西东南部，当地渔民走进黑暗的水域寻找鲻鱼，独自一人要找到这种银色的鱼是很困难的。但人类得到了一个不寻常的伙伴的帮助——野生宽吻海豚。)”以及第二段中“A signal from the dolphins—usually a deep dive—indicates when they should cast their nets. This fishing partnership has passed down through the generations, lasting for more than a century. (海豚发出的信号——通常是深潜——表明它们应该在什么时候撒网。这种捕鱼伙伴关系世代相传，持续了一个多世纪。)”可知，前两段主要讲了巴西渔民在海豚的帮助下收获了更多的鱼。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Now, in a new study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers suggest cetaceans that hunt with humans have more chances to live than those that don’t. (现在，在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项新研究中，研究人员表示，与人类一起捕猎的鲸类动物比那些不与人类一起捕猎的鲸类动物有更多的生存机会。)”以及第四段““Human-wildlife cooperation in general is an uncommon phenomenon (现象) at a global scale,” says Mauricio Cantor, a biologist at Oregon State University and leader of the study. (“在全球范围内，人类与野生动物的合作总体上是一种罕见的现象，”俄勒冈州立大学的生物学家、该研究的负责人毛里西奥·康托尔说。)”可知，毛里西奥·康托尔的研究表明和人类一起工作的海豚存活率更高。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Fishers were more successful when they worked with the dolphins. (当渔民和海豚一起工作时，他们更成功。)”可知，渔民和海豚的合作是取得成功的原因。结合划线词所在句“Eighty-six percent of all 4,93 mullet caught during the study period came from their interactions at the same time — when the allies organized their actions perfectly with one another. (在研究期间捕获的493条鲻鱼中，86%来自于他们同时的互动——当allies们完美地组织他们的行动时。)”可推知，大多数的鱼都是渔民和海豚合作配合捕获的，所以，是“渔民和海豚”完美地组织了他们的行动，他们是“盟友，合作伙伴”，划线词allies与partners意思一致。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“In southeastern Brazil, local fishers walk into dark waters in search of mullet (鲻鱼). On their own, it would be tricky to find the silvery fish. But the humans get help from an unusual partner — wild bottle-nose dolphins. (在巴西东南部，当地渔民走进黑暗的水域寻找鲻鱼，独自一人要找到这种银色的鱼是很困难的。但人类得到了一个不寻常的伙伴的帮助——野生宽吻海豚。)”和最后一段“The study also revealed dolphins hunting with humans had a 13 percent increase in survival rate over other dolphins. These cooperative dolphins are more likely to stay near the shore, reducing their chance of entanglement in illegal fishing equipment. Besides, the dolphins can take some fish directly from the fishers’ harvest. (研究还显示，与人类一起捕猎的海豚比其他海豚的存活率提高了13%。这些合作的海豚更有可能呆在海岸附近，减少了被非法捕鱼设备缠住的机会。此外，海豚可以直接从渔民的收获中获得一些鱼。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人类和野生宽吻海豚合作捕鱼的故事，所以作者写文章的主要目的是展示一种独特的人与海豚的关系。故选C项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与自我 —— 健康与心理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省·期中） Imagine you are attending a friend’s party, and you spill a glass of red wine on their white couch. You are so embarrassed that every time you see this friend, you’ll think of the incident. Research has shown that your reaction to this embarrassing experience will depend on your sleep. If you’re well rested, your brain will be able to produce more positive memory. Otherwise, negative thoughts will continue to bother you for some time. Previous research has proved that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC), a part of the brain, is responsible for controlling such memory. Now a new study provides insight into what’s actually going on in this part of the brain when negative thoughts come up. Professor Scott Cairney and his colleagues guessed that lack of sleep will weaken the rDLPFC’s ability to perform the function. To test this, the researchers recruited (招募) 85 students. First, the team trained them to link images of people’s faces with specific scenes, some of which were negative, such as a car crash. Next, the researchers divided these students into two groups. One group was made to stay up all night while the other was allowed to sleep in beds in the lab. In the morning, all of them were tested again. The results proved their guess. Compared with those who had slept, the group who had stayed up all night had greatly influenced rDLPFC’s activity when they were supposed to shut down negative thoughts. Besides, the researchers also found that the more time they spent in deep sleep, the better role their rDLPFC played. “The new study suggests that deep sleep seems to play a key role in keeping memory control. Interventions (干预) that improve deep sleep could become part of the treatment for disorders that are characterized by negative memories,” says Maria Wimber, a scientist at the University of Glasgow. This type of response might also be attempted for a possible measure to ensure that negative memories and flashbacks never come up at all. 1．What is the function of rDLPFC according to the text? A．Making various reactions. B．Preventing negative thoughts. C．Producing lasting memory. D．Controlling human’s emotions. 2．How was the performance of the students staying up in the test? A．They preferred to sleep in beds in the lab. B．They attempted to shut down negative thoughts. C．They tended to link the images to negative scenes. D．They were likely to make a comparison among the images. 3．What is Maria Wimber’s attitude towards the new findings? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Worried. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Negative Memory Caused by a Part of the Brain B．The Bad Effect of Sleep on Human’s Negative Memory C．The Effect of Negative Thoughts on Human Health D．The Bond between Bad Sleep and Negative Thoughts Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省宜宾市三江新区·期中） It may seem hard to believe, but snacking several times a day can boost your health and fitness — exercise snacking, that is. “Exercise snacks” are short bursts of activity — 30 seconds to five or 10 minutes max — that include almost any type of movement. Think climbing stairs, walking, cycling, or dancing. Today, numerous studies prove the value of these mini workouts. Performing 15-to 30-second exercise snacks three times daily was shown to improve the cardiorespiratory (心肺) fitness levels and exercise performance in inactive adults, according to a small January 2022 study published in the journal Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. Adults who reported they didn’t work out saw a 17% to 18% reduction in cancer cases after they began doing just 3.4 to 3.6 minutes of vigorous physical activity daily, a July 2023 study of 22,398 people found. Their daily physical activity was done in bursts lasting less than one or two minutes. Hitting 4.5 minutes (in total) of vigorous physical activity each day was linked to a 31% to 32% lower risk of cancer, according to the study published in JAMA Oncology. The benefits of movement extend to brain health, too. Doing even a small amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day, reduces your risk of dementia (痴呆), according to a March study in JAMDA: The Journal of the Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medical Association. Exercise snacks are a favorite tool used by Dr. Supatra Tovar, owner of Dr. Supatra Tovar& Associates. “I’m a big proponent of behavior change that starts tiny,” Tovar said. “So I like to create behaviors with my clients that are easy, accessible and doable every to most every day of the week.” “Your body is kind of lazy,” said Michael Betts, “a personal trainer and director at Train Fitness who’s based in London. Doing these little exercise snacks reminds your body that it does need to work to maintain and improve its overall function.” 1．What can be called an exercise snack according to the text? A．Singing songs with your classmates. B．Turning off the lights before leaving school. C．Jogging continuously for 20 minutes in PE class. D．Rushing from your classroom to the dining hall for lunch. 2．What is a benefit that exercise snacks bring according to the text? A．Lowering cancer risk. B．Enhancing muscle strength. C．Being kept away from dementia disease. D．Improving the heart rate of inactive adults. 3．What does the underlined word “proponent” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Researcher. B．Critic. C．Pioneer. D．Supporter. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare different types of exercise. B．To promote short bursts of physical activity. C．To show some studies about mini workouts. D．To stress the importance of daily exercise. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省遂宁中学校·期中） Urban green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and tree-lined streets, have long been recognized for their aesthetic (审美的) and environmental benefits. However, recent research highlights their significant impact on mental health, particularly in densely (密集地) populated cities. A study conducted by researchers at the University of Cambridge analyzed data from over 10,000 urban residents across 15 cities worldwide, revealing a strong correlation between access to green spaces and improved mental well-being. The study found that individuals living within 500 meters of a green space reported lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to those without such access. Researchers attribute (归因于) this to several factors. First, green spaces provide opportunities for physical activity, such as walking, jogging, or cycling, which are known to reduce stress hormones and boost mood. Second, exposure to nature has a calming effect on the brain, reducing mental fatigue (精神疲劳) and improving concentration. Third, green spaces foster social interactions, creating a sense of community and belonging that can alleviate feelings of loneliness. Interestingly, the study also revealed that the quality of green spaces matters more than their size. Well-maintained parks with diverse vegetation, seating areas, and recreational facilities had a greater positive impact than larger but poorly maintained areas. This suggests that urban planners should prioritize the design and upkeep of green spaces to maximize their mental health benefits. Despite these findings, the study also identified challenges. In many cities, green spaces are unevenly distributed, with wealthier neighborhoods having better access than low-income areas. This inequality highlights the need for policies that ensure equitable (公平合理的) access to green spaces for all residents. The researchers recommend several strategies to address these issues. These include increasing investment in urban green infrastructure, integrating green spaces into urban planning, and promoting community involvement in maintaining local parks. By prioritizing green spaces, cities can not only enhance mental health but also address broader environmental challenges, such as air pollution and climate change. 1．What did the study find about individuals living near green spaces? A．They had higher levels of stress. B．They preferred indoor activities. C．They were less physically active. D．They enhanced mental health. 2．What does the underlined word “alleviate” mean in paragraph 2? A．Reduce. B．Increase. C．Ignore. D．Create. 3．How is the text mainly developed? A．By narrating personal experiences. B．By criticizing urban planning policies. C．By comparing different types of green spaces. D．By presenting research findings and their effects. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Designing Effective Urban Green Spaces B．The Multifaceted Benefits of Urban Green Spaces C．Green Spaces: A Key to Enhancing Mental Health D．Strategies for Equitable Access to Urban Nature Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you—recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been worsened by digital technologies. Permanent (永久的) connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family. The research also suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance. Correia examined research which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to see a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report regarding time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us to prioritise (优先处理) our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continual state of “just about keeping our head above water”. 1．What’s the finding of recent research? A．People usually feel they lack time. B．Urban life helps people forget time. C．Time races faster in the countryside. D．Nature can adjust our impression of time. 2．Which of the following may contribute to time poverty according to the article? A．The rise of AI tools. B．Increased time spent on outdoor activities. C．Increased exposure to natural environments. D．Continuous connectivity from digital technologies. 3．What can be a good solution to the feeling of time poverty? A．Staying longer in natural environments. B．Increasing working hours to complete tasks faster. C．Using digital tools to schedule tasks more efficiently. D．Focusing more on immediate rewards than long-term goals. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards findings of the researches? A．Neutral. B．Critical. C．Favorable D．Doubtful. 主题 02 人与社会 —— 社会生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都市金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中） There are more bicycles than residents in the Netherlands, and in cities like Amsterdam up to 70% of all journeys are made by bike. The BBC’s reporter, Anna Holligan, examines what made everyone get back on the bike. Before World War Ⅱ, journeys in the Netherlands were mainly made by bike, but in the 1950s and 1960s, as car ownership increased quickly, this changed. The jump in car number caused a huge rise in the number of deaths on the roads. In 1971 more than 3,000 people were killed by motor vehicles, and 450 of them were children. In response a social movement demanding safer cycling conditions for children was formed. Called Stop de Kindermoord, it took its name from the headline of an article written by journalist Vic Langenhoff whose own child had been killed in a road accident. The Dutch love of the motor vehicle was also shaken by the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, when oil­producing countries stopped export to the US and Western Europe. These twin pressures helped to persuade the Dutch government to invest in improving cycling facilities and the Dutch urban planners started to change from the road­building policies designed mainly for cars. To make cycling safer and more inviting, the Dutch have built a vast network of cycle paths. These are clearly marked, have smooth surfaces, separate signs and lights for those on two wheels, and are wide enough to allow cycling side by side and overtaking. Even before they can walk, Dutch children live in a world of cycling. As babies they travel in special seats on bikes. As the children grow up, they ride their own bikes. And, as the Dutch are not allowed to drive until 18, cycling offers teenagers an alternative form of freedom. The state also plays a part in teaching, with cycling lessons a required part in Dutch schools. All schools have places to park bikes and at some schools 90% of pupils cycle to class. 1．What does Anna Holligan intend to find out? A．Why cycling is popular in the Netherlands. B．How journeys are made in the Netherlands. C．What’s the main means of transport in the Netherlands. D．What makes the children like cycling in the Netherlands. 2．Stop de Kindermoord is aimed at ________. A．advising people to travel by bike B．calling on more children to cycle C．improving cycling conditions for children D．asking the government to invest more in cycling 3．What resulted in the Dutch government’s changing road­building policies? A．More cars and road accidents. B．World War Ⅱ and higher oil prices. C．Road accidents and oil shortage. D．A social movement and oil crisis. 4．What do we learn about the Dutch children? A．They must get a license to ride a bike. B．They are not allowed to ride a bike until 18. C．They must have cycling lessons at school. D．They don’t use bikes when they are very young. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省德阳市博雅明德高级中学·期中） “An increase of just 2 ℃ in global temperatures could make the world much drier and more desert-like,” new research has warned. According to it, more than a quarter of the world’s land surface would become drier and wildfires could be widespread. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia. These areas are home to more than 20 percent of the world’s population — that’s over 1.5 billion people. However, scientists found that limiting global warming to 1.5 ℃ would greatly reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected. “Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2 ℃,” said Dr. Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s school of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-author. The study looked at the present rate of global temperature increase and compared it to data from before the industrial revolution (工业革命). The world has already warmed by 1℃ since then. The Paris Agreement, which was first signed in 2015, is an international agreement to control climate change. It hopes to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ and to take efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃. In June, President Trump, however, announced his intention for the US, the second largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world, to withdraw from the agreement. Drought is one of the biggest concerns in some parts of the world, where rainfall is rare and water is not enough. Some parks of Kenya, for example, can go an entire year without a drop of rain. 1．What will happen if the global temperature increases by 1.5 ℃? A．Many areas of the world will become much drier. B．The percentage of the Earth’s affected surface will be lower. C．The greenhouse effect will be far worse. D．Many people will leave their home for safer places. 2．Which country is most likely to be affected by aridification? A．China B．Russia C．Canada D．Philippine 3．What is Dr. Manoj’s attitude towards the global temperature change? A．Doubtful B．Supportive C．Concerned D．Unclear 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．To call on every country to control greenhouse gases. B．To encourage every country to protect the earth. C．To introduce the possible effect of climate change. D．To raise some suggestions on preventing climate change. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） Shen Wei, the character designer behind China’s highest-earning animated （动画的）film Ne Zha, recently spoke about his challenging journey in designing characters for Ne Zha 2, following the great success of the original film in 2019. Ne Zha 2 joined the very lively Spring Festival film season list and was first shown on Jan. 29. Building on the remarkable success of its predecessor, this five-year project continues to draw inspiration from the playful but adorable character from the Ming dynasty novel The Investiture of the Gods. It also introduces a “dimensional upgrade” that includes new characters, thrilling battle scenes, more than 1,900 visual effect shots, and enhanced details for IMAX. When discussing the challenges of character design amid high audience expectations after a five-year wait, Shen emphasized the importance of two concepts: continuity and innovation. “I believe finding both keeping the old and adding new things are significant,” Shen said. “The audience has already accepted elements of the original, so it’s impossible to completely change the established framework. Our approach is to keep the main ideas of the first film into the sequel （续集） while innovating and improving on existing techniques.” Ne Zha 2 includes a substantial increase in new characters, tripling the number from the first film. A promotional video reveals that nearly every character has received unique battle designs instead of reusing previous designs. Shen noted that this approach demanded considerable effort and time. His goal was to immerse the audience in a story that feels authentic and engaging, ensuring that each character is fully developed and relatable. One new character that impressed Shen is Ao Shun, a legendary dragon king. His complex armor, made entirely of blades, along with his unique fighting style, presented significant development challenges. Shen worked closely with Yang Yu, the director of the Ne Zha film series, known by his nickname Jiaozi, to explore various versions of the character’s costume and performance style. Looking ahead, Shen expressed a strong interest in exploring projects that involve alien and future-like creatures during the revival of Chinese animation. “Such themes,” he said, “allow me to explore new ideas and awaken my imagination.” He noted that character design is a creatively rich and rewarding process. 1．What does the term “dimensional upgrade” in paragraph 2 most likely refer to? A．A shift from 2D to 3D animation. B．Expansions in story, visual effects, and technology. C．Reducing the film’s runtime for better pacing. D．Focusing only on character backstories. 2．Why does Shen believe it is impossible to completely change the established framework? A．Because the audience has developed an emotional connection to the original elements. B．Because the original film’s framework is too inflexible to allow for changes. C．Because the filmmakers lack the creativity to introduce new ideas. D．Because the sequel must strictly stick to the original storyline. 3．How does Shen’s approach to character design contribute to the overall experience of Ne Zha 2? A．By making the film more technically advanced. B．By balancing tradition with creative improvements. C．By completely changing the original character designs. D．By stressing the importance of audience preferences. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To show the box office success of Ne Zha 2. B．To advertise the global screening of Ne Zha 2. C．To analyze Shen Wei’s design ideas and challenges in Ne Zha 2. D．To compare the visual effects of Ne Zha and Ne Zha 2. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省遂宁高级实验学校·期中） Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written. Many ancient populations used writings, also known as inscriptions (碑文), to document different parts of their lives. The inscriptions have been found on materials such as rock, ceramic (陶瓷) and metal. The writings often contained valuable information about how ancient people lived and how they structured their societies. But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand. In addition, many of the inscribed objects were moved from areas where they were first created. This makes it difficult for scientists to discover when and where the writings were made. The new AI-based method serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate (估算) the true origins of the records. The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, call their tool Ithaca. The team said it trained Ithaca on the largest collection of data containing Greek inscriptions. Feeding this data into the system is designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing letters and words in damaged inscriptions. The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62 percent of the time. In addition, the tool was 71 percent correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And, the system was able to effectively date writings to within 30 years. When historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25 percent. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72 percent. The team is currently working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages. DeepMind has launched (发行) a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public. 1．Which can replace the underlined word “renovate” in paragraph 1？ A．Adopt. B．Recover. C．Collect. D．Translate. 2．Which reason for the ancient inscriptions' being hard to recognize is mentioned? A．The wars in the past. B．The development of industry. C．The objects' being damaged. D．The extinction of language. 3．What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph? A．Ithaca currently recognizes only English. B．Ithaca has great market development potential. C．Ithaca can completely replace historians in the future. D．Ithaca cannot bring any profit to its development company. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Shortcut to Ancient Inscriptions B．Who Will Be the Historians' Right-Hand Man? C．The Mysterious Contents of Ancient Languages D．AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings 主题 03 人与自然 —— 环境保护与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都市蓉城联盟·期中） As people’s understanding of climate change increases, so does their wish to act. However, the size of the problems — such as wildfires, melting ice, and long periods without rain — can feel too great to solve. It’s difficult to see how our daily habits connect to protecting animals like polar bears, let alone how we can make a difference. A key way to measure the effects of our actions is through a carbon footprint. Although this idea is becoming more popular (searching “How to reduce my carbon footprint? ” gives 27 million results), many still don't fully grasp it. A carbon footprint refers to the total harm caused by producing goods or activities. For people in wealthy nations, most emissions come from four main areas: home energy use, transportation, food choices, and other purchases (购买) like clothes or electronics. Each choice adds to your footprint. For instance, eating beef increases your food footprint more than being vegetarian. However, someone who drives a fuel-heavy car daily might have a larger footprint than a meat-eater who walks. Calculating this is complex. Take flights: it’s simple to divide fuel use by passengers, but first-class seats take up more space, increasing emissions. Other factors like cargo weight or flight altitude also matter. Other calculations are even harder. Making a car involves mining materials, powering factories, transporting parts, and using machinery — all linked to the car’s raw materials. Because of this complexity, Berners-Lee calls carbon footprints “impossible to calculate exactly”, yet he argues that rough estimates are enough for most people to take action. To lower your footprint, focus on what matters most for your lifestyle. For example, switching to an electric car is better for the environment in Vermont (where they use clean energy from water) than in West Virginia (where coal is the main energy source). As Berners-Lee explains, “Flying might be a small part of someone’s carbon footprint, but for others, it’s the biggest part. Prioritize the largest impact areas. ” 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．People paid little attention to climate change. B．Polar bears are affected by wildfires and melting ice. C．There is a gap between problems and individual actions. D．Different countries’ environmental problems are different. 2．According to the text, what does a “carbon footprint” measure? A．The total cost of producing goods like cars or clothes. B．The carbon emissions coming from wealthy countries. C．The things people use, eat and purchase in their everyday life. D．The amount of greenhouse gases released by human activities. 3．What makes calculating a car’s carbon footprint particularly difficult? A．The color and size of the car. B．The need to track raw materials. C．The preference for electric cars. D．The cost of gas in different countries. 4．What advice does Beriers-Lee give about reducing personal carbon footprints? A．Reduce the largest sources of emissions first. B．Switch to using an electric car in West Virginia. C．Move to countries powered by renewable energy. D．Focus on small daily changes like turning off lights. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省德阳市博雅明德高级中学·期中） “An increase of just 2 ℃ in global temperatures could make the world much drier and more desert-like,” new research has warned. According to it, more than a quarter of the world’s land surface would become drier and wildfires could be widespread. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia. These areas are home to more than 20 percent of the world’s population — that’s over 1.5 billion people. However, scientists found that limiting global warming to 1.5 ℃ would greatly reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected. “Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2 ℃,” said Dr. Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s school of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-author. The study looked at the present rate of global temperature increase and compared it to data from before the industrial revolution (工业革命). The world has already warmed by 1℃ since then. The Paris Agreement, which was first signed in 2015, is an international agreement to control climate change. It hopes to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ and to take efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃. In June, President Trump, however, announced his intention for the US, the second largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world, to withdraw from the agreement. Drought is one of the biggest concerns in some parts of the world, where rainfall is rare and water is not enough. Some parks of Kenya, for example, can go an entire year without a drop of rain. 1．What will happen if the global temperature increases by 1.5 ℃? A．Many areas of the world will become much drier. B．The percentage of the Earth’s affected surface will be lower. C．The greenhouse effect will be far worse. D．Many people will leave their home for safer places. 2．Which country is most likely to be affected by aridification? A．China B．Russia C．Canada D．Philippine 3．What is Dr. Manoj’s attitude towards the global temperature change? A．Doubtful B．Supportive C．Concerned D．Unclear 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．To call on every country to control greenhouse gases. B．To encourage every country to protect the earth. C．To introduce the possible effect of climate change. D．To raise some suggestions on preventing climate change. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省资中县第二中学·期中） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net carbon capture (捕获) capacity of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes! . Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 1．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They increase the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 2．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Consume. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 3．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省达州外国语学校·期中） Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other. Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night. As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind. As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change. 1．What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild? A．Living in a group. B．Growing beautiful feathers. C．Feeding on the ground. D．Avoiding coming out at night. 2．What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk? A．To attack back. B．To get away. C．To protect the young. D．To play dead. 3．Why would a balloon frighten a parrot? A．It may explode suddenly. B．It may be in a strange shape. C．It may have a strong color. D．It may move around quickly. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B．To give advice on raising a parrot. C．To call for action to protect animals. D．To introduce a study on bird ecology. 主题 01 人与自我 —— 健康与心理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省遂宁中学校·期中） Cheese and red wine are basic diets over the festive period, and if you love red wine and cheese, a new study will come as music to your ears. Researchers from Iowa State University have found that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive (认知的) decline. In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption (摄取). The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline. Dr. Auriel Willette, who led the study, said: “I was pleasantly surprised that our results suggest that appropriately (合适地) eating cheese and drinking red wine daily are not just good for helping us cope with some diseases, but perhaps also dealing with an increasingly complex world. Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials (临床试验) at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in great ways.” While the reason for the link remains unclear, the researchers believe that cheese and red wine may protect some people from the effects of Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病). Brandon Klinedinst, an author of the study, added: “Depending on the genetic factors you carry, some individuals seem to be more protected from the effects of Alzheimer’s, while others seem to beat greater risk. Perhaps the silver bullet we’re looking for is improving how we eat. Knowing what that involves contributes to a better understanding of Alzheimer’s and putting this disease in an opposite path.” 1．Which of the following increases the risk of cognitive problems? A．Taking in too much salt. B．Eating cheese properly. C．Drinking red wine daily. D．Consuming lamb weekly. 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Changes in our diet help our brains in significant ways. B．The diets of wealthy people were not taken into consideration. C．The study results need to be proved by more clinical trials. D．Some diseases make our world increasingly complex. 3．What does Brandon Klinedinst suggest on fighting Alzheimer’s disease? A．Developing advanced genetic treatments. B．Focusing on improving dietary habits. C．Increasing clinical trials for new drugs. D．Studying the diets of wealthy populations. 4．What is the study mainly about? A．Basic diets over the festive period. B．Possible reasons for cognitive decline. C．Feelings of pleasant music to people’s ears. D．Effects of certain diets on cognitive decline. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you—recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been worsened by digital technologies. Permanent (永久的) connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family. The research also suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance. Correia examined research which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to see a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report regarding time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us to prioritise (优先处理) our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continual state of “just about keeping our head above water”. 1．What’s the finding of recent research? A．People usually feel they lack time. B．Urban life helps people forget time. C．Time races faster in the countryside. D．Nature can adjust our impression of time. 2．Which of the following may contribute to time poverty according to the article? A．The rise of AI tools. B．Increased time spent on outdoor activities. C．Increased exposure to natural environments. D．Continuous connectivity from digital technologies. 3．What can be a good solution to the feeling of time poverty? A．Staying longer in natural environments. B．Increasing working hours to complete tasks faster. C．Using digital tools to schedule tasks more efficiently. D．Focusing more on immediate rewards than long-term goals. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards findings of the researches? A．Neutral. B．Critical. C．Favorable D．Doubtful. 主题 02 人与社会 —— 科技伦理与社会文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省广元市广元市直属学校·期中） In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek has emerged as a significant player, attracting global attention for its advanced language models and innovative technological solutions. DeepSeek’ s language models are designed with remarkable capabilities. They can handle a wide range of natural language processing tasks, from answering complex questions to generating logical and context-appropriate text. These models are trained on vast amounts of data, enabling them to learn the tiny distinction of language, grammar, and semantics (语义学). This extensive training equips them to understand the subtleties of human communication, whether it’s in the form of a casual conversation or a highly technical discussion. One of the key applications of DeepSeek’s technology is in the field of customer service. Many companies are integrating DeepSeek’s language models into their customer service systems. This allows for instant responses to customer inquiries, 24/7 availability, and the ability to handle multiple inquiries simultaneously. By employing DeepSeek, companies can significantly improve the efficiency of their customer service operations, thus enhancing customer satisfaction. More than that,as new products are launched and services are updated, the system can include this information. Moreover, in the field of content creation, DeepSeek offers new possibilities. Writers, bloggers, and journalists can use it as a tool to get inspiration, generate outlines, or even draft initial versions of their work. It can help in quickly gathering relevant information and presenting it in a structured manner, saving time and effort in the content-creation process. However, like all emerging technologies, DeepSeek also raises some concerns. Issues such as the ethical use of AI-generated content, potential biases in the training data, and the impact on jobs in certain fields are being widely debated. One particularly notable issue is DeepSeek’s relatively high rate of “AI illusion(幻觉)”. No matter what questions users ask, it will never say“I don’t know” and will definitely provide an answer. If certain information is lacking, it will make inferences based on what it considers reasonable assumptions, and these assumptions may be incorrect. 1．What can DeepSeek’s language models do according to Paragraph 2? A．They can promote the development of words. B．They can deal with language problems naturally. C．They can generate context-aware text with logic. D．They can understand the subtle feelings in communication. 2．Which is not the influence that Deepseek will have on customer service? A．Improving the efficiency of the reply. B．Reducing the number of service agents. C．Enhancing the competitiveness of a company. D．Providing the latest product information instantly. 3．What can be inferred about Deepseek from the passage? A．Answers DeepSeek provides are inaccurate sometimes. B．Writers and bloggers will be replaced someday. C．People in all walks of life will gain benefit from it. D．DeepSeek and other emerging technologies face similar concerns. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Deepseek? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） The recent emergence of DeepSeek, a Chinese start-up, has broken the current message in Silicon Valley regarding the development of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models. DeepSeek’s open-source AI model, R1, has demonstrated capabilities comparable to those of leading models from major American tech firms, but it was developed at a significantly lower cost and with less powerful hardware. This shift challenges the long held belief that only the wealthiest companies could dominate (主导) the AI landscape by investing heavily in resources. As tech giants struggle with this new situation, questions are being raised about their policies and spending habits. The traditional approach of outspending competitors on advanced chips and expansive data centers is now under investigation. Industry experts suggest that the focus may need to shift towards efficiency, with companies competing to create more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable AI solutions. Responses from American tech leaders have been swift, with OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman acknowledging the impressive nature of DeepSeek’s R1 model and promising accelerated releases of new models. This competitive pressure is likely to lead to a reevaluation of data center investments and pricing policies, as companies aim to remain relevant in a rapidly evolving market. Despite concerns about DeepSeek’s claims regarding its development costs, its success has motivated other AI labs to innovate and create more efficient models. The industry is expected to shift focus towards maximizing AI capabilities within existing computational limits rather than merely increasing hardware resources. Some industry leaders view DeepSeek’s achievements as a confirmation of open-source AI, proving that open-source AI has its value. Furthermore, they advocate for greater cooperation and sharing of innovations among American tech companies. This perspective suggests that encouraging an open-source ecosystem could stimulate the overall competitiveness of the US tech industry. Ultimately, while DeepSeek’s success may stimulate short-term adjustments in business models, it also highlights the potential for AI technology to popularize access and drive innovation across the globe. The ongoing evolution of the AI landscape will require companies to adapt to new situations, balancing competition with cooperation to ensure the continued advancement of the technology. 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．American tech firms are losing dominance due to inefficient policies. B．AI development now favors cost-effectiveness over hardware investment. C．DeepSeek’s R1 model outperforms all existing AI models in hardware requirements. D．DeepSeek challenges the belief that only resource-rich companies can lead AI innovation. 2．What is the expected industry focus in response to DeepSeek’s success? A．Reducing the environmental impact of data center operations. B．Maximizing AI capabilities within existing computational limits. C．Increasing investments in advanced chips and expansive data centers. D．Developing more powerful hardware resources to compete with DeepSeek. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards DeepSeek’s breakthrough in AI development? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Optimistic. D．Critical. 4．What does the passage imply about the future shift towards AI development? A．It will lead to a decrease in the overall competitiveness of the US tech industry. B．It will make AI technology accessible to more people and fuel innovation globally. C．It will increase the profit of AI business models for all AI companies. D．It will limit the application of AI technology to only the wealthiest companies. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·四川省达州市万源市万源中学·期中） In Denmark, bicycling is one of the primary forms of transportation. In sunshine, rain and snow, you will see cyclists on their way to work, to the grocery store, or to social events. The bike is a Dane’s best friend. Danish cycling culture is as old as the bicycle itself. Bikes were first introduced to the country in the 1880s, and during the 1920s and 1930s, the bicycle became a widespread symbol of equality and freedom. People of all social classes began biking side by side — in the cities on their way to work and in the countryside on their days off. The increased economy development of the late 1950s saw some Danes replacing bikes with motorcycles and automobiles. Just like their colleagues around the world, Danish urban planners believed the future belonged to cars, trucks, and ever-wider highways. In the early 1970s, however, the Mideast oil crisis terminated that development. “Car Free Sundays” were introduced in Copenhagen, and movements demanding Copenhagen to become car-free took place. Over time, concerns about air pollution, climate change, and the need for people to get enough exercise have helped bicycles make a big comeback. Denmark’s heavy taxes on petrol and automobiles are a factor, too. Today, cycling is an inseparable part of Danish culture. Newcomers who do not know how to cycle are encouraged to learn as soon as they arrive. Danish children usually learn to bike before they begin school at the age of six — and often much earlier. In school, children learn about traffic rules, road safety, and the importance of wearing a helmet as well as good cycling habits. Another choice for families with children is the cargo bike — a sort of oversized tricycle with a large wooden box on the front. It’s estimated that a quarter of all Copenhagen families with two or more children own one of these cargo bikes for transporting kids, groceries, and other necessities. Danish cargo bikes have also won design awards and become a Danish export success. Commuting by bike is the fastest, easiest and most environmentally friendly way to get around the cities of Denmark. And the numbers speak for themselves: Residents who cycle in Copenhagen request 1.1 million fewer sick days. Cyclists reduce CO2 emissions by 20,000 tonnes a year on average. 1．What led to the popularity of bicycles in Denmark during the 1920s and 1930s? A．The convenience of the bike. B．The development of the economy. C．The idea that the bike symbolizes. D．The construction of wide highways. 2．What does the underlined word “terminated” mean in the 3rd paragraph? A．Improved. B．Permitted. C．Ended. D．restarted. 3．What do we know about cargo bikes from the 4th paragraph? A．They are owned by about 25% families. B．They are designed for practical use. C．They are the national symbol of Denmark. D．They are unpopular among local residents. 4．Why does the author mention the data in the last paragraph? A．To prove the effectiveness of cycling. B．To compare cycling with driving. C．To show the popularity of cycling. D．To conclude the financial benefits of cycling. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·四川省成都市金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中） The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years. In 1721, the printer James Franklin, Benjamin’s older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper. He filled his paper with stories of adventure, articles on art, on famous people, and on all sorts of political subjects. Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin’s Courant, few believe that newspapers in their present printed from will remain alive for long. Newspaper companies are losing advertisers(广告商)，readers, market value, and in some cases, their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago. The chief editor(主编) of the Times said recently, “At places where they gather, editors ask one another, ‘How are you?’, as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.” An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of the Guandian, under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.” Perhaps not, but the rise of the Internet, which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world, has brought about a real sense of death. Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years. The New York Times Company has seen its stock(股票) drop by 54% since the end of 2004, with much of the loss coming in the past year. A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stock-holders sell off their Times stock. The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education; its testing and test-preparation service now brings in at least half the company’s income. 1．What can we learn about the New England Courant? A．It is mainly about the stock market. B．It marks the beginning of the American newspaper. C．It remains a successful newspaper in America. D．It carries articles by political leaders. 2．What can we infer about the newspaper editors? A．They often accept readers’ suggestions. B．They care a lot about each other’s health. C．They stop doing business with advertisers. D．They face great difficulties in their business. 3．Which of the following found a new way for its development? A．The Washington Post. B．The Guardian. C．The New York Times. D．New England Courant. 4．How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers? A．Satisfied. B．Hopeful. C．Worried. D．Surprised. 主题 03 人与社会 —— 野生动物保护与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川省达州外国语学校·期中） Have you ever wondered what it would be like to work with zoo or aquarium animals? Kylene, an animal care specialist from Sea World San Diego, who cared for the African penguins at SeaWorld for many years. Over the past several years, the South African penguins have been on the decrease in numbers. A hundred years ago, there were about 1 million African penguins, but since then their population has decreased to under 100 ,000. Scientists predict the population could fall as low as 50 ,000 over the next 20 years if we don't do anything. Some scientists think the changing ocean temperatures have caused the penguins1 food supply to disappear. Humans have also disturbed the penguins ' wild habitat and collected their eggs. And humans have also been collecting guano (the waste passed from the sea birds' bodies) , which can be added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully. As a result, humans damage their natural nest-digging sites. Without the piles of guano the penguins used to build their nests, they've been forced to nest on open ground. Some other scientists think the slight increase in air temperature on the islands has had an impact on the penguins' success rate of hatching their eggs. No matter what the reason is, South African penguin population is falling, and scientists need to find a way to stop the decline. Working with other zoos in the country, Kylene did what she could to help protect the South African penguins. Through Kylene's efforts and the efforts of the people like her at many penguin conservation organizations in South Africa, these little penguins have a chance for a better tomorrow. 1．What has happened to the South African penguins over the past years? A．The penguin population has greatly declined. B．They've begun to lose the habitat completely. C．They have done great harm to the natural environment. D．They have been hunted by humans for money-making. 2．What does the third paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of penguins' return. B．The causes of penguins' decrease. C．The efforts of some scientists. D．the necessity of penguins' existence. 3．What is guano used for by humans? A．The food supply. B．The building materials. C．The good shelter. D．The farming fertilizer. 4．What is the author's attitude towards the future of the South African penguins? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Uncertain. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川省德阳市博雅明德高级中学·期中） In southeastern Brazil, local fishers walk into dark waters in search of mullet (鲻鱼). On their own, it would be tricky to find the silvery fish. But the humans get help from an unusual partner—wild bottle-nose dolphins. With nets in hand, the fishers patiently wait as their cetacean (鲸类的) partners drive the fish toward the shore. A signal from the dolphins—usually a deep dive—indicates when they should cast their nets. This fishing partnership has passed down through the generations, lasting for more than a century. While researchers knew humans profited from this pairing, they couldn’t confirm whether it benefited the dolphins. Now, in a new study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers suggest cetaceans that hunt with humans have more chances to live than those that don’t. “Human-wildlife cooperation in general is an uncommon phenomenon (现象) at a global scale,” says Mauricio Cantor, a biologist at Oregon State University and leader of the study. “Usually humans gain the benefit, and nature pays the cost. But this interaction (互动) has been happening for over 150 years.” Fishers were more successful when they worked with the dolphins. When dolphins were present, the fishers were 17 times more likely to catch prey (猎物) and netted nearly four times more mullet when they timed their casting with the cetaceans signals. Eighty-six percent of all 4,955 mullet caught during the study period came from their interactions at the same time—when the allies organized their actions perfectly with one another. The study also revealed dolphins hunting with humans had a 13 percent increase in survival rate over other dolphins. These cooperative (合作的) dolphins are more likely to stay near the shore reducing their chance of being caught in illegal fishing equipment. Besides, the dolphins can take some fish directly from the fishers harvest. 1．What do the first two paragraphs talk about concerning Brazilian fishers? A．They trick dolphins into fishing for them. B．They have been training dolphins over a century. C．They harvest more fish with dolphins’ help. D．They throw the fishing nets when dolphins are on the top of water. 2．What does Mauricio Cantor’s research show? A．Nature supports human beings at no cost. B．Fishers benefiting from cooperation with cetaceans is common. C．Human-wildlife interaction is a new global trend. D．Dolphins working with man have higher survival rate. 3．What does the underlined word “allies” refer to in paragraph 5? A．partners B．preys C．dolphins D．researchers 4．What’s the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To call on the protection of sea creatures. B．To support development in fishing research. C．To show a unique human-dolphin relationship. D．To encourage fishers to better draw on dolphins. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $