专题03阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，天津专用）高一英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津津南·期中）We are all probably regretful to use our phones a little too often. With the rise of the mobile phone, and later the smartphone, access to communication and information is so convenient now.But there are many who find that their phone is a distraction. A study by the University of Texas has suggested that just having a smartphone within eyes’ reach can reduce productivity (生产力), slow down response speed and reduce grades, as the eyes of the students keep being drawn away from their work. A second, related study by the London School of Economics has found that students who did not use their smartphones in school saw an increase of 6.4% in test scores. This issue (问题) of productivity and the degree to which smartphones attract young people caused three students from Copenhagen Business School to develop an app to attempt to help fight smartphone addiction. The app called “Hold” rewards(回报) students for the time they spend not using smartphones. For every 20 minutes that a phone is not used between 7:00 in the morning and 11:00 at night, its user will get 10 points. These points can be exchanged for a number of goods (商品) and services on the app’s market, with brands such as Caffe Nero, Vue cinemas. For example, to earn two free coffees, students will need 300 points. The app has already become the center of attention, with more than 120,000 users across Norway (挪威), Denmark and Sweden. And soon it will be launched in 170 universities in the UK too. Could the age of people zoning out (精神不集中) on reality be over? It is certainly possible. And you are likely to be rewarded for not paying attention to smartphones. 1．What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Using a phone in school can increase students’ test scores by 6.4% B．Using smartphones affects students’ academic performances. C．Some people are tired of the noise created by their smartphones. D．Sometimes finding information through smartphones is not convenient. 2．How does the app “Hold” work? A．The app only allow students to use phones for 20 minutes. B．A phone can not be used between 7:00 in the morning and 11:00 at night, C．The app gives rewards to students according to the time they don’t use phone. D．The points can’t be exchanged for goods and services. 3．To earn one free coffee, students should need ______ points. A．150 B．100 C．300 D．20 4．What is the author’s attitude towards getting rid of addiction to smartphones? A．Negative. B．Unconcerned. C．Positive. D．Uncertain. 5．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Young people should put their phones down B．An app rewards students who don’t use smartphones. C．Users can exchange goods on an app D．Disadvantages of smartphones outweigh advantages Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）One Concern is an AI company in California. It is using machine learning and AI to help firefighters. The company hopes its software can make exact predictions about earthquake damage. It can tell firefighters how to plan for an earthquake and how to do their jobs better when it happens. Nicole Hu, a technology officer from One Concern, says the key is to feed the computers a lot of data (数据) about an area. The data may include information about homes and other buildings, the natural environment, and the size of an earthquake. The computers then use the information to make predictions about what would happen if there were an earthquake in the area. It then uses data from past earthquakes to see whether its predictions are any good, and changes its predictive models accordingly. Gregory Deierlein, earthquake engineer at the Stanford University, says one of the most surprising things about the company’s software is its ability to make use of data from an earthquake as it’s happening, and to change its predictions in real time. In the past, researchers would collect data after an event and a few years later they’d produce new models, says Deierlein. Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes. Dan Ghiorso leads the Woodside Fire Protection District near San Francisco, which covers about 32 square miles. He says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he’d have to make educated guesses (based on experience and training) about what parts of his district might be badly damaged and then drive to each place to have a look around. He hopes One Concern’s software will change that. “Instead of driving thirty-two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer I can get a good idea of the damage,” he says. “Instead of me taking my educated guess, they’re putting science behind the predictive models.” 6．What do we know about the software’s predictions? A．They can be made before and during an earthquake. B．They are based on data from many different areas. C．They are about when an earthquake may happen. D．They can tell people the size of an earthquake. 7．What is an advantage of the software according to Deierlein? A．It has many different uses. B．It is sold at very low prices. C．It can make predictions very fast. D．It can be used by common people. 8．What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A．How to save people during earthquakes. B．How to train firefighters to make guesses. C．How Ghiorso looks at new predictive models. D．How Ghiorso gets to know earthquake damage. 9．How does Ghiorso feel about the new technology? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful. 10．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the software developed by One Concern. B．To tell us how to reduce earthquake damage. C．To tell us how software works. D．To introduce a promising company. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）In recent years, e-sports have been growing in popularity around the world. What exactly are e-sports? They are competitive video-gaming events where players compete against each other in various video games, just like traditional sports athletes compete in their respective fields. One of the main reasons for the rise of e-sports is the development of technology. High-speed internet and advanced gaming consoles have made online gaming more accessible and enjoyable. Gamers can now connect with each other from different parts of the world instantly. Professionale-sports players train hard, often for several hours a day, to improve their skills. They need to have quick reflexes, excellent hand-eye coordination, and strategic thinking. E-sports also offer a great form of entertainment for spectators. Many e-sports tournaments are streamed live on the internet, attracting millions of viewers. People enjoy watching their favorite teams and players battle it out in exciting matches. Some of the most popular e - sports games include League of Legends, Dot a 2, and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Moreover, e-sports have become a recognized industry. There are now professional e-sports teams, coaches, and even sponsors. Players can earn a living through tournament winnings, sponsorships, and streaming revenue. Universities in some countries are also starting to offer scholarships for e-sports players, treating e-sports as a legitimate field of study. However, like any other activity, e-sports also face some challenges. There are concerns about the potential negative impacts of excessive gaming on physical and mental health. Additionally, some people still view e-sports as just a form of play rather than a real sport. But as e-sports continue to grow and gain more acceptance, these views may gradually change. 11．What are e-sports according to the passage? A．Traditional sports played with modern technology. B．Competitive video-gaming events. C．Online games for casual players. D．New forms of sports invented recently. 12．Why have e-sports become more popular? A．Because more people have free time to play games. B．Due to the development of technology making online gaming more accessible. C．As professional players are more friendly to fans. D．Since traditional sports are less exciting. 13．What do professional e-sports players need? A．Good communication skills. B．Long-term endurance. C．Quick reflexes, hand-eye coordination, and strategic thinking. D．The ability to work in a team. 14．How do spectators enjoy e-sports? A．By playing the games themselves after watching. B．By joining the professional e-sports teams. C．By watching live-streamed tournaments on the internet. D．By betting on the results of the matches. 15．What challenges do e-sports face? A．Lack of professional coaches. B．Difficulty in finding sponsors. C．Concerns about excessive gaming’s impact on health and being not fully recognized. D．High cost of participating in tournaments. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津津南·期中）Seattle has many routes that make perfect cold-weather hikes right within the city limits or within a short drive out of town. Discovery Park Discovery Park is a 534 - acre park that is easily accessible, easy to get to and a truly enjoyable easy hike. It is also located right within the city limits and offers various hiking routes through forests, along paved roadways, through grasslands and along a rocky coastline. Any time of year, even during rainy months, there are enough paved pathways (小路) so that you can avoid the mud (泥), if you prefer. Necessarily, you will end up on the far side of the park on the beach. Take some time to get some photos of the lighthouse along the beautiful beach. Seward Park Like Discovery Park, Seward Park is open all year round and offers easy hiking routes for all hiking levels within the city limits. The main route is a 2.6-mile paved pathway with plenty of beautiful water and mountain views. You will find plenty of walkers, cyclers and runners on the route, but many fewer people in the winter than in the summer. This is an especially great hike for families or those who want to hike for half an hour. Point Defence Less than an hour south of Seattle is the largest park in the United States at 702 acres (公顷), and its hiking routes are in the forests and provides beautiful views of the Puget Sound, Narrows Bridge and surrounding islands and different hiking routes. If what you seek is a straight-forward, paved hike, Five Mile Drive offers just that and is open and clean all year round. Capitol Forest Even farther south of Seattle is Capitol Forest, which serves up a mix of undeveloped nature and hiking routes. The forest is not a park and so it is much larger than the previously listed hikes — so large that it’s wise to carry a route map to avoid getting lost. Capitol Forest offers plenty of unpaved routes that wind through forest and open areas, waterfalls, and there is even a ghost town in the forest if you can find it. 1．Which of the following about Discovery Park is NOT true? A．Its hiking routes are various. B．It is easy for people to get to. C．It is difficult for people to hike there in bad weather. D．People can also see a lighthouse along the seaside when hiking. 2．If you want to spend half an hour hiking with your family, you can go to ______. A．Point Defence B．Discovery Park C．Capitol Forest D．Seward Park 3．What do you know about Point Defence? A．Its hiking routes are in the forests. B．It is the largest park around the world. C．It is free to the public only this year. D．There are many tourist attractions near it. 4．When hiking in Capitol Forest, ______. A．you may get lost if you don’t take a map B．you will find some rare wildlife C．you can only choose the unpaved routes D．you will meet with some terrifying ghosts 5．What do these four places have in common (有相同之处)？ A．They are all large enough. B．They are all about hiking places in and near Seattle. C．They all encourage people to do more indoor activities. D．They are all famous for their special scenery around the world. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Boomerang (回旋镖) children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found. The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents’ quality of life and well-being. The young adults taking part in the study were “more positive than might have been expected” about moving back home — the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of parents’ financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found. Parents on the whole were more uncertain, expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities. The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of adult independence for their children as a “family project”. Parents accepted that their children required supports as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder. “However,” the study says, “day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates.” Areas of disagreement included chores, money and social life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close. 6．What is the finding of the previous research? A．The parents’ quality of life became worse than before. B．Boomerang children made their parents even happier than before. C．Boomerang children never did any housework. D．The parents were looking forward to their children’s return. 7．The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by ______. A．benefit B．defeat C．cause D．allow 8．What is the attitude of the college graduates towards returning home? A．They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help. B．They are proud to be independent from the family. C．They are doubtful about whether they should return. D．They are glad that they could come back. 9．What can be inferred as the reason for the “boomerang children” phenomenon? A．It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job. B．The parents are willing to provide support to their children. C．The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents. D．There is more house work needed to be done by the children. 10．What is the side effect of the “boomerang children” phenomenon? A．Both parents and children enjoy a more harmonious relationship. B．Neither parents nor children want to do the chores at home. C．There are occasional quarrels between parents and children. D．Not only parents but also children want to be independent eagerly. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1, which has emerged as a pioneer especially in educational technology. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, but it costs much less to build. It combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide. Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. DeepSeek-R1 improves by itself by using reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate (模拟) human reasoning. This allows it to guide students through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient tutor. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking. The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time response. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can provide lesson plans that agree with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized exams that adjust difficulty according to individual progress. However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a “supplement (补充), not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.” Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to bring virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical (道德的) debates about AI in education still exist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, combining technology with human wisdom. 1．What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models? A．It uses pre-programmed answers. B．It focuses on memorization techniques. C．It creates fixed test patterns for all the students. D．It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning. 2．What does the underlined word “adaptive” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．fixed B．adjustable C．complex D．outdated 3．What future development does DeepSeek plan to add to its platform? A．Real-time response to strengthen real-time classroom interaction. B．Virtual reality (VR) to enable immersive learning experiences. C．Advanced robotics to assist in repetitive tasks. D．New technology to secure student data. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the use of DeepSeek-R1? A．doubtful B．critical C．positive D．indifferent 5．What is the main purpose of writing the passage? A．To advertise DeepSeek products. B．To criticize the risks of DeepSeek in schools. C．To discuss the role of DeepSeek in transforming education. D．To compare different AI models. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）Promising to be truthful has a real impact on reducing the number of teens who are willing to cheat, according to a new study conducted in India by a research team from the University of Plymouth. The findings, published in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, suggest that the desire to be honest goes beyond just a fear of social punishment. “Promises are what we call ‘speech acts’ and create commitments by only saying specific words,” said the study’s first author. Dr. Patricia Kanngiesser. So one would think that they have very little binding (约束) power. However, research has shown over and over again that many people do keep their word, even at a personal cost. Cheating and dishonesty, even on a small scale, can weaken trust and lead to costs for others, and society at large. Cheating in academic (学业的) settings is a problem worldwide. As of 2018, 20% of the world’s adolescents (ages 10 to 14) — about 250 million individual — -lived in India and the country’s highly competitive educational system means academic cheating is a concern. The study involved a series of experiments among 640 adolescents to test the effectiveness of inviting participants to promise to be truthful, with points that would later be converted (转化) into prizes as an encouragement. For example, adolescents played a game in which they mentally chose a location in a box with 16 dice (骰子), shook the box and recorded the number of the dice falling in their chosen position. Prizes were based on their total reported scores after fifteen rounds. Since the initial choice was private, opportunistic and unobservable switching to a higher scoring dice was possible. Before the task, the participants were given a choice to promise to be truthful or not. To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points. This gave even potentially dishonest participants a motivation to choose to promise. Control groups of participants could also earn those extra points but did not have to promise. The researchers were able to evaluate the degree of dishonesty by comparing participants’ reported results to what would be statistically expected. Compared to control groups, promises in the study effectively lowered cheating rates, and the authors conclude that they could be a simple tool to reduce dishonest behavior. “This study provides more evidence of that, and suggests promises could be a powerful way of encouraging and sustaining honest behavior in an academic context.” Kanngiesser said. 6．Why was the study conducted in India? A．Because teens in India have a strong desire to be honest. B．Because teenagers in India are under great academic pressure. C．Because teen’s academic cheating is educators’ big concern there. D．Because more and more Indian adolescents don’t always keep their word. 7．How did the researchers carry out their study? A．By giving examples and analyzing data. B．By controlling figures and making classification. C．By making comparisons and explaining causes. D．By doing experiments and making comparisons. 8．Which of the following statements is true in the experiment with dice? A．The adolescents were encouraged to promise to be truthful. B．The effectiveness of promises is not reflected in the experiment. C．It’s impossible for participants to change their original choice of position. D．The degree of dishonesty in the control group was comparatively lower. 9．Why did the researchers offer extra points to participants who promised to be truthful? A．To get rid of cheating entirely by making honesty the only rewarding option. B．To make promising more attractive, even to potentially dishonest teens. C．To determine whether higher scores alone, rather than promises, influenced honesty. D．To punish those who refused to promise. 10．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Honesty is a virtue to be followed. B．Promises can actually reduce teen cheating. C．Academic cheating is a worldwide problem. D．Truthfulness is important to getting good scores. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期中）Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So,let’s check out our list of four inspiring urban gardens in the US. Gotham Greens Where: New York & Chicago What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students Where: Baltimore, Maryland What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food. ReVision Urban Farm Where: Boston, Massachusetts What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home——a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty. Swale Where: New York What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm. Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables,fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines — each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的)relationship. 16．In the passage, the word “flagship” in “Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000pounds of greens per year.” probably means . A．the most important or successful one B．the smallest and least productive one C．the newest and most experimental one D．the most expensive and luxurious one 17．What makes the vegetables grown by Gotham Greens so special? A．They are larger in size and more colorful. B．They are produced using advanced greenhouse technology with solar-powered support. C．They are grown in a completely natural environment without any human intervention. D．They are only available in New York and Chicago markets. 18．What is special about Gotham Greens? A．It provides job training for students. B．It uses high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food. C．It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat. D．It offers homeless families information on healthy eating. 19．Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience? A．Gotham Greens. B．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students. C．ReVision Urban Farm. D．Swale. 20．What do these four urban gardens have in common? A．They are inspirational multinational project. B．They have educational and entertaining purposes. C．They create job opportunities for farmers. D．They are important for city residents. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期中）Do you have memories from when you were a baby? Most of us don’t have them. This is called “infantile amnesia (童年失忆症)”. However, these memories are actually kept in the brain until we become adults, even though we aren’t aware of them. Professor Cristina Alberini at New York University in the US found that the experiences learned in infancy are kept as hidden memories. It happens in a brain part called the hippocampus (海马体) when an infant’s brain is growing. Changes in brain chemicals help this process. Alberini conducted experiments on rats and found that boosting (促进,推动) certain chemicals later can bring back hidden memories. This shows that early memories aren’t lost but are kept. In this case, “if the children are learning difficult situations in early childhood, their brains are going to be shaped based on that experience,” Alberini told The Guardian. Her study shows these hidden memories may influence people’s learning abilities throughout their lives and contribute to some mental health illnesses. Although most of us can’t remember the things that happened to us when we were little, the age at which each person has their first memory can vary significantly. Different backgrounds may explain the difference. Professor Wang Qi at Cornell University in the US has shown that the earliest memories of Americans date back to around 3.5 years of age, almost six months earlier than in Chinese people. Wang said that this is because American people are more self-focused. However, in Asia, identity is more about the roles they play in society and relationships with others. So it may take more time for Asian babies to remember many details. How often parents talk about past experiences with their children can also influence when first memories appear. New Zealand’s Maori people have their first memories as early as at the age of 2.5, The Guardian said. Professor Elaine Reese from the University of Otago in New Zealand said it’s because the Maori culture values stories and deep conversations about past events. Conversations are key for keeping memories when kids can form mental images of the things that happened to them. 21．What did Professor Cristina Alberini discover about early memories? A．They are stored and can be awakened. B．They are removed by brain chemicals. C．They disappear as we grow older. D．They are lost in infancy. 22．According to Alberini, how do early childhood experiences influence people? A．They have no lasting effect on people. B．They contribute to the growth of the hippocampus. C．They shape the brain and could affect mental health. D．They play a part in developing interests and hobbies. 23．Why do Americans have earlier first memories compared to Chinese people? A．They have a special brain structure. B．They value relationships more. C．They are more self-focused. D．They experience less stress. 24．What does the case of Maori people’s first memories at the age of 2.5 show? A．Telling old stories helps keep memories. B．Maori people have the best memory abilities. C．Telling stories is a good way to spread culture. D．Maori people experience more events in infancy. 25．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Total forgetting of infant memories. B．Parental influence on early memories. C．Cultural differences in first memories. D．Hidden yet influential childhood memories. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·天津西青·期中）India is home to 80% of the world’s wild tigers, yet rapid population growth and building projects in the country have reduced wildlife habitats. With less forest cover, tigers are finding it harder to hunt and are increasingly entering human areas for food. When tigers attack people and their livestock (家畜), people are losing patience,leading to more fights between humans and tigers. To deal with the pressing issue, Valiance Solutions developed Wildlife Eye, an AI system aimed at addressing real-world challenges. Using computer technology and smart systems, people can figure out where animals might walk. The system’s smart AI cameras, LED lights and communication screens make it possible to recognize tigers. It spots (发现) tigers to such a degree that even specific behavioral changes are noticed. Then, it sends warning to forest workers when tigers get close to people. Kathait, the leader of Valiance Solutions, says they’ve sent over 65 warnings to people in the past nine months with Wildlife Eye. He gives a example. “A few weeks ago, we got news about a tiger coming close to where people live, which could cause trouble as people were doing their daily chores. Just then, our system noticed the tiger, saw a big risk, and quick sent out warnings. The warning, along with a loud noise, got the tiger attention and made it leave right away,” Kathait said. However, in Chandrapur’s villages, poor Internet connections made it hard to send images using the AI system. To fix this, Kathait and his team created a new model of the algorithm (算法) that works with less data. This improvement allows the system to function better. At first, one camera used to send 121 GB of data every day while working all the time. To reduce this, they started using special devices that only shared information when something was noticed. Now, each camera sends only 2-3 GB of data per day. “In the near future, the villagers will likely understand how this technology will save lives and their livestock,which will further improve their livelihoods,” Kathait said. “We will judge the success of our system in terms of the lives saved. Its acceptance can soon be gained among the public.” 26．What is a notable result of reduced wildlife habitats in India? A．A drop in the tiger population. B．Loss of species richness in forests. C．Improved hunting skill of the tigers. D．Troubled human-animal relationship. 27．What is the main function of Wildlife Eye? A．Examining tigers’ diet habits. B．Monitoring tigers’ movement. C．Checking tigers’ health condition. D．Discovering tigers’ natural habitats. 28．What does Kathait want to highlight about Wildlife Eye with his example? A．Its role in judging wildlife safety. B．Its contribution to wildlife research. C．Its impact on local people’s behavior. D．Its effectiveness in preventing attacks. 29．How was the challenge of sending images fixed? A．By improving the image quality. B．By scheduling data sending time. C．By ensuring selective data sending. D．By increasing Internet connection speed. 30．What is Kathait’s attitude to the future of Wildlife Eye? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）Virtue, by definition, is the moral excellence of a person. Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good. They are honest, respectful, generous, forgiving and kind, for example. They do the right thing, and don’t bend to impulses, urges or desires, but act according to values and principles. Some might say good qualities are inborn. Actually, virtues need to be cultivated. With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. Virtues are universal and recognized by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being. However, practicing virtues is not easy. So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals, and we still never get there. We know that if we forgive, we’ll be less angry. We know it takes courage to accomplish great things. So why then, if we know what to do, are we still stuck? We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples: kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport; trust in a relationship creates valuable, meaningful relationships; gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career; service to others can change lives, better neighborhoods and create stronger nations. We know we are becoming more virtuous people, not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us. Our friends, families, co-workers, and neighbors will trust and rely on us. They will come to us for guidance and help. They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people. Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. 11．What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph? A．They are born with goodness and do not need self-improvement. B．They always prioritize personal happiness over moral principles. C．They have a habit of doing good. D．They act on the principle of profit. 12．Which of the following is right? A．Virtues are culturally specific and not universally applicable. B．Practicing virtue helps people gain greater joy and fulfillment. C．Virtue guarantees material success which leads to happiness. D．Most people are naturally dishonest and must learn virtue. 13．How does practicing virtues affect relationships, according to the passage? A．It makes people more competitive and less trusting of others. B．It leads others to trust, rely on, and seek guidance from virtuous individuals. C．It ensures financial success, which strengthens social bonds. D．It requires people to abandon personal goals for the sake of others. 14．What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph? A．A good greeting. B．A great atmosphere. C．A good goodbye. D．A close relationship. 15．What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to be more virtuous. B．To encourage readers to live a purposeful life. C．To encourage readers to offer others guidance. D．To encourage readers to develop others’ potential. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）While Alzheimer’s disease, which usually damages memory, thinking, and behavior, has no known treatment, early detection (发觉) may allow for improved management of the disease, thus possibly slowing its progression and improving the quality of life for those affected. Researchers have now created a simple lightweight headband device for the early judgment of the disease. This new device was made possible through a joint effort of researchers from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Washington University in St. Louis. Individuals can wear this headband while they sleep, and the device will continuously monitor brainwaves, enabling the detection of Alzheimer’s disease well before the condition starts to impact performance and memory. Researchers examined the effectiveness of a headband in monitoring brain health in a study which included more than 205 elderly individuals. Their method focused on detecting brainwaves that appear during memory processing in deep sleep and using them to understand whether there are problems with the brain’s memory. The team identified changes in neural patterns (神经模式) that could be linked to the buildup of two types of proteins (蛋白原), which serve as signs of disease progression in the brain of the individual with Alzheimer’s. “We could identify the levels of proteins in people’s brainwave patterns before they experienced any symptoms (症状). Detecting Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage in people who don’t show symptoms can help with the planning of care and increase the effectiveness of medications and other treatment approaches,” explained Brice McConnell, assistant professor of neurology at the University of Colorado. Previous medical studies have pointed to a connection between the lack of sleep and Alzheimer’s. However, how poor sleep quality influences Alzheimer’s development or even how the disease affects sleep remains ambiguous. While early detection of this disease is beneficial, it is not always straightforward mainly because the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood. Therefore, headbands like this one are still far from becoming commercially or clinically available. Despite this, the team believes that this simple wearable device might one day make a significant difference to the early detection of Alzheimer’s. 16．What is the function of the new device? A．To record individuals’ stress levels. B．To identify early signs of Alzheimer’s. C．To reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D．To improve the sleep quality of patients. 17．How does the new device work? A．By using memory tasks to help patients learn. B．By controlling the number of proteins in the brain. C．By measuring brain activities to detect health issues. D．By tracking changes in the sleepers’ breathing patterns. 18．What is considered a possible benefit of the device for individuals without symptoms? A．It helps lengthen their time of deep sleep. B．It enables timely management of the disease. C．It gradually stops the development of Alzheimer’s. D．It deepens the connection between doctors and patients. 19．What does the underlined word “ambiguous” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Misleading. B．Familiar. C．Unclear. D．Opposite. 20．What is the team’s attitude towards the application of the device? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Worried. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Several studies show communication skills are the most important skills for American adults. They are often taught through Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) programs, which encourage student involvement (参与), offered in K-12 schools in 27 states. But they are also a by-product of theater classes, according to a recent study. The study followed children aged 5 to 18 over six years and found increases in communication skills across ages. The longer the kids spent on the theater classes, the more they gained in 21st-century skills, like communication, creativity, imagination, and problem-solving, says Thalia Goldstein, the study’s co-author. Theater involves different learning — getting up on your feet to take in information, rather than sitting at a desk. “When you put something in your body, it lasts longer, and you remember it longer,” says Kathryn Dawson, associate professor of theater at the University of Texas at Austin. Theater provides an awareness of space. And it enables more than expressions with words. For children with autism (孤独症), theater techniques increase eye attention and inspire conversation. This is where the arts level the playing field for children of different abilities; they can participate in meaningful ways where language is not a necessary skill. Sara Williams, Charlotte’s mother, cites theater as the foundation (基础) for her daughter’s self-awareness. Charlotte began drama classes at age 5. At 13, she is not afraid to speak publicly or join the student council; she listens and has confidence. “Kids go to these classes and come home feeling excited, like they have achieved something,” Williams says. And not just the outgoing kids — for the shy, theater opens them up. A theater class provides a supportive environment, free from unkind judgment. You can keep your personality, and unlike in sports, you’re not competing with anyone. “Theater is about telling stories. It is one of the best ways to help young people get to know themselves,” Dawson says. 11．What does the recent study find out? A．Theater classes contribute greatly to children’s social skills. B．Communication skills matter to children’s development. C．Theater classes are more effective than SEL programs. D．Children’s interest in theater classes varies with age. 12．How does Kathryn Dawson explain the impact of theater learning? A．It focuses on improving one’s artistic skills. B．It raises children’s awareness of confidence. C．It strengthens a sense of community among children. D．It promotes active learning through physical involvement. 13．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Theater techniques are based on language learning. B．Theater experiences help practise competitive skills. C．Theater techniques benefit a wide range of children. D．Theater classes can be unsuitable for autistic children. 14．What can theater bring to shy children according to the example? A．A means of gaining an understanding of others. B．A comfortable space for self-expression. C．A gateway to discovering hidden talents. D．A chance to accept your disadvantages. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Theater education shapes children’s self-growth B．Be open-minded about different learning methods C．Theater classes equip children with great creativity D．Design theater classes according to children’s needs Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）What’s the hottest topic in your country? Whaling is one topic that’s been dividing nations for many years now. By the 1940s, more than 30,000 whales were being caught worldwide every year. Oil from whales lit the lights of major cities in the US and Europe, and whale oil was used to make soaps, paint and even the glaze on photographs. In order to manage the development of the global whaling industry, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) was formed in 1946. However, in 1986, the IWC decided to ban whaling. The biggest concern was the huge decrease in whale populations across the planet. Indeed many people say that it came too late and that commercial (商业的) whaling has already resulted in many animals dying out. According to Greenpeace, sea whales and fin whales are listed as “endangered animals”. But there are many other good reasons to fight against whaling. Whales are very intelligent animals. They have social networks very similar to those of humans. On top of that, whaling is also a cruel (残忍的) industry. Still, some countries continue to hunt whales. Japan hunts more than 1,000 whales a year — all of them are caught as part of a supposed “scientific research” programme run by the Japanese Institute of Cetacean Research. Many people argue that this “research” is nothing more than a front for commercial whaling. The situation was not helped in 2001, when Masayuki Komatsu from the Japanese Fisheries Agency described minke whales (小须鲸) as the “cockroaches (蟑螂) of the sea” in an interview. Many groups have tried to stop the hunts. The Ady Gil (a ship belonging to the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society) was hit by a whaling ship. The Ady Gil later sank. At present, the world is fairly divided on the topic with Iceland, Japan and Norway on the pro-whaling side, and the US, Australia, New Zealand and the EU on the anti-whaling side. Asked recently to give a number between one and ten to show how difficult his job was, Dr Simon Brockington, the chairman of the IWC, said “about a twelve”! 16．What fact is presented in the second paragraph? A．Whale oil was of no use. B．Whaling was once a big industry. C．Few whales were killed by humans. D．The US was the biggest whaling country. 17．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A concern. B．A suggestion. C．The global ban on whaling. D．The endangered animals list. 18．What’s the author’s attitude towards “scientific research” programme? A．Doubtful. B．Satisfied. C．Supportive. D．Uninterested. 19．What can we learn about whaling in Japan in 2001? A．It was widespread. B．It was stopped by the IWC． C．It caused minke whales to die out. D．It turned out to be scientific research. 20．What did Brockington think of anti-whaling? A．It was effective. B．It was not realistic. C．It was dangerous attempt. D．It was difficult to carry out. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津津南·期中）We are all probably regretful to use our phones a little too often. With the rise of the mobile phone, and later the smartphone, access to communication and information is so convenient now.But there are many who find that their phone is a distraction. A study by the University of Texas has suggested that just having a smartphone within eyes’ reach can reduce productivity (生产力), slow down response speed and reduce grades, as the eyes of the students keep being drawn away from their work. A second, related study by the London School of Economics has found that students who did not use their smartphones in school saw an increase of 6.4% in test scores. This issue (问题) of productivity and the degree to which smartphones attract young people caused three students from Copenhagen Business School to develop an app to attempt to help fight smartphone addiction. The app called “Hold” rewards(回报) students for the time they spend not using smartphones. For every 20 minutes that a phone is not used between 7:00 in the morning and 11:00 at night, its user will get 10 points. These points can be exchanged for a number of goods (商品) and services on the app’s market, with brands such as Caffe Nero, Vue cinemas. For example, to earn two free coffees, students will need 300 points. The app has already become the center of attention, with more than 120,000 users across Norway (挪威), Denmark and Sweden. And soon it will be launched in 170 universities in the UK too. Could the age of people zoning out (精神不集中) on reality be over? It is certainly possible. And you are likely to be rewarded for not paying attention to smartphones. 1．What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Using a phone in school can increase students’ test scores by 6.4% B．Using smartphones affects students’ academic performances. C．Some people are tired of the noise created by their smartphones. D．Sometimes finding information through smartphones is not convenient. 2．How does the app “Hold” work? A．The app only allow students to use phones for 20 minutes. B．A phone can not be used between 7:00 in the morning and 11:00 at night, C．The app gives rewards to students according to the time they don’t use phone. D．The points can’t be exchanged for goods and services. 3．To earn one free coffee, students should need ______ points. A．150 B．100 C．300 D．20 4．What is the author’s attitude towards getting rid of addiction to smartphones? A．Negative. B．Unconcerned. C．Positive. D．Uncertain. 5．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Young people should put their phones down B．An app rewards students who don’t use smartphones. C．Users can exchange goods on an app D．Disadvantages of smartphones outweigh advantages 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机对学生注意力和学习成绩产生的负面影响，以及一款名为“Hold”的应用程序，它通过奖励机制帮助学生减少使用智能手机的时间，从而提高学习效率。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study by the University of Texas has suggested that just having a smartphone within eyes’ reach can reduce productivity, slow down response speed and reduce grades, as the eyes of the students keep being drawn away from their work(德克萨斯大学的一项研究表明，只要智能手机在视线范围内，就会降低工作效率、减缓反应速度并降低成绩，因为学生的眼睛总是被从学习上吸引开)”可知，使用智能手机会影响学生的学习成绩。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The app called “Hold” rewards students for the time they spend not using smartphones.(这款名为“Hold”的应用程序会根据学生不使用智能手机的时间给予奖励)”可知，该应用程序根据学生不使用手机的时间来给予奖励。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, to earn two free coffees, students will need 300 points(例如，要获得两杯免费咖啡，学生需要300积分)”可知，获得一杯免费咖啡需要150积分。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Could the age of people zoning out on reality be over? It is certainly possible. And you are likely to be rewarded for not paying attention to smartphones(人们在现实中精神不集中的时代会结束吗？这当然是有可能的。而且你很可能会因为不关注智能手机而得到奖励)”可知，人们在现实中精神不集中的时代会结束是有可能的，由此可推知，作者对摆脱智能手机成瘾持积极的态度，故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“We are all probably regretful to use our phones a little too often. With the rise of the mobile phone, and later the smartphone, access to communication and information is so convenient now. But there are many who find that their phone is a distraction(我们可能都会有些后悔自己过于频繁地使用手机了。随着移动电话的出现，后来又有了智能手机，如今获取通讯和信息变得如此便捷。但有很多人都发现手机是个干扰物)”、第三段“The app called “Hold” rewards students for the time they spend not using smartphones.(这款名为“Hold”的应用程序会根据学生不使用智能手机的时间给予奖励)”以及最后一段“Could the age of people zoning out on reality be over? It is certainly possible. And you are likely to be rewarded for not paying attention to smartphones(人们在现实中精神不集中的时代会结束吗？这当然是有可能的。而且你很可能会因为不关注智能手机而得到奖励)”可知文章主要介绍了一款名为“Hold”的应用程序，它通过奖励机制帮助学生减少使用智能手机的时间，B项“An app rewards students who don’t use smartphones(一款奖励不使用智能手机的学生的应用程序)”符合文章主旨，适合用做本文标题，故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）One Concern is an AI company in California. It is using machine learning and AI to help firefighters. The company hopes its software can make exact predictions about earthquake damage. It can tell firefighters how to plan for an earthquake and how to do their jobs better when it happens. Nicole Hu, a technology officer from One Concern, says the key is to feed the computers a lot of data (数据) about an area. The data may include information about homes and other buildings, the natural environment, and the size of an earthquake. The computers then use the information to make predictions about what would happen if there were an earthquake in the area. It then uses data from past earthquakes to see whether its predictions are any good, and changes its predictive models accordingly. Gregory Deierlein, earthquake engineer at the Stanford University, says one of the most surprising things about the company’s software is its ability to make use of data from an earthquake as it’s happening, and to change its predictions in real time. In the past, researchers would collect data after an event and a few years later they’d produce new models, says Deierlein. Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes. Dan Ghiorso leads the Woodside Fire Protection District near San Francisco, which covers about 32 square miles. He says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he’d have to make educated guesses (based on experience and training) about what parts of his district might be badly damaged and then drive to each place to have a look around. He hopes One Concern’s software will change that. “Instead of driving thirty-two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer I can get a good idea of the damage,” he says. “Instead of me taking my educated guess, they’re putting science behind the predictive models.” 6．What do we know about the software’s predictions? A．They can be made before and during an earthquake. B．They are based on data from many different areas. C．They are about when an earthquake may happen. D．They can tell people the size of an earthquake. 7．What is an advantage of the software according to Deierlein? A．It has many different uses. B．It is sold at very low prices. C．It can make predictions very fast. D．It can be used by common people. 8．What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A．How to save people during earthquakes. B．How to train firefighters to make guesses. C．How Ghiorso looks at new predictive models. D．How Ghiorso gets to know earthquake damage. 9．How does Ghiorso feel about the new technology? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful. 10．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the software developed by One Concern. B．To tell us how to reduce earthquake damage. C．To tell us how software works. D．To introduce a promising company. 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了One Concern公司利用人工智能开发的软件帮助消防员预测地震损害。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One Concern is an AI company in California. It is using machine learning and AI to help firefighters. The company hopes its software can make exact predictions about earthquake damage. It can tell firefighters how to plan for an earthquake and how to do their jobs better when it happens. (（One Concern）是加利福尼亚的一家人工智能公司。它正利用机器学习和人工智能来帮助消防员。该公司希望其软件能够准确预测地震造成的损害。它可以告诉消防员如何为地震做规划，以及在地震发生时如何更好地开展工作。)”及第三段“Gregory Deierlein, earthquake engineer at the Stanford University, says one of the most surprising things about the company’s software is its ability to make use of data from an earthquake as it's happening, and to change its predictions in real time. (斯坦福大学的地震工程师Gregory Deierlein说，这家公司的软件最令人惊讶的一点是，它能够在地震发生时利用相关数据，并实时调整预测结果。)”可知，这个软件可以在地震发生前进行预测，并且在地震发生时实时利用数据改变预测，即可以在地震前和地震中进行预测。故选 A。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In the past, researchers would collect data after an event and a few years later they’d produce new models, says Deierlein. Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes. (Deierlein说，过去，研究人员会在事件发生后收集数据，几年后他们才会制作新的模型。现在，新的模型在几分钟内就出现了。)”可知，根据Deierlein的说法，该软件的优势是它能非常快地进行预测。故选C。 8．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“He says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he’d have to make educated guesses (based on experience and training) about what parts of his district might be badly damaged and then drive to each place to have a look around. He hopes One Concern’s software will change that. (他说，过去，当地震发生时，他必须根据经验和培训做出有根据的猜测，猜测他的辖区哪些地方可能受到严重破坏，然后开车到每个地方去查看。他希望One Concern公司的软件能够改变这种状况。)”可知，这里的that指的是Ghiorso过去获取地震损害信息的方式，即开车去查看，也就是他如何了解地震损害。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He hopes One Concern’s software will change that. “Instead of driving thirty-two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer I can get a good idea of the damage,” he says. “Instead of me taking my educated guess, they’re putting science behind the predictive models.” (他希望One Concern的软件能改变这种情况。“不用开车跑32平方英里，在电脑上花15分钟我就能大致了解损害情况，”他说。“他们不是像我那样靠合理推测，而是在预测模型中运用了科学方法。”)”可知，Ghiorso对这项新技术充满希望。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段“One Concern is an AI company in California. It is using machine learning and AI to help firefighters. The company hopes its software can make exact predictions about earthquake damage. (（One Concern）是加利福尼亚的一家人工智能公司。它正利用机器学习和人工智能来帮助消防员。该公司希望其软件能够准确预测地震造成的损害。)”可知，文章主要介绍了One Concern公司利用人工智能开发的可以预测地震损害的软件，故文章的目的是介绍One Concern公司开发的软件。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）In recent years, e-sports have been growing in popularity around the world. What exactly are e-sports? They are competitive video-gaming events where players compete against each other in various video games, just like traditional sports athletes compete in their respective fields. One of the main reasons for the rise of e-sports is the development of technology. High-speed internet and advanced gaming consoles have made online gaming more accessible and enjoyable. Gamers can now connect with each other from different parts of the world instantly. Professionale-sports players train hard, often for several hours a day, to improve their skills. They need to have quick reflexes, excellent hand-eye coordination, and strategic thinking. E-sports also offer a great form of entertainment for spectators. Many e-sports tournaments are streamed live on the internet, attracting millions of viewers. People enjoy watching their favorite teams and players battle it out in exciting matches. Some of the most popular e - sports games include League of Legends, Dot a 2, and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Moreover, e-sports have become a recognized industry. There are now professional e-sports teams, coaches, and even sponsors. Players can earn a living through tournament winnings, sponsorships, and streaming revenue. Universities in some countries are also starting to offer scholarships for e-sports players, treating e-sports as a legitimate field of study. However, like any other activity, e-sports also face some challenges. There are concerns about the potential negative impacts of excessive gaming on physical and mental health. Additionally, some people still view e-sports as just a form of play rather than a real sport. But as e-sports continue to grow and gain more acceptance, these views may gradually change. 11．What are e-sports according to the passage? A．Traditional sports played with modern technology. B．Competitive video-gaming events. C．Online games for casual players. D．New forms of sports invented recently. 12．Why have e-sports become more popular? A．Because more people have free time to play games. B．Due to the development of technology making online gaming more accessible. C．As professional players are more friendly to fans. D．Since traditional sports are less exciting. 13．What do professional e-sports players need? A．Good communication skills. B．Long-term endurance. C．Quick reflexes, hand-eye coordination, and strategic thinking. D．The ability to work in a team. 14．How do spectators enjoy e-sports? A．By playing the games themselves after watching. B．By joining the professional e-sports teams. C．By watching live-streamed tournaments on the internet. D．By betting on the results of the matches. 15．What challenges do e-sports face? A．Lack of professional coaches. B．Difficulty in finding sponsors. C．Concerns about excessive gaming’s impact on health and being not fully recognized. D．High cost of participating in tournaments. 【答案】11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了电子竞技的定义、流行的原因、对观众的吸引力、其作为一个行业的发展情况以及面临的挑战。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They are competitive video-gaming events where players compete against each other in various video games, just like traditional sports athletes compete in their respective fields(它们是竞技性的电子游戏赛事，玩家在各种电子游戏中相互竞争，就像传统体育运动员在各自的领域中竞争一样)”可知，电子竞技是竞技性的电子游戏赛事。故选B项。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One of the main reasons for the rise of e - sports is the development of technology(电子竞技兴起的主要原因之一是技术的发展)”以及“High-speed internet and advanced gaming consoles have made online gaming more accessible and enjoyable(高速互联网和先进的游戏机使在线游戏更容易获得和更有趣)”可知，电子竞技变得更受欢迎是因为技术的发展使得在线游戏更容易获得，故选B项。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They need to have quick reflexes, excellent hand-eye coordination, and strategic thinking(他们需要有快速的反应能力、出色的手眼协调能力和战略思维)”可知，职业电子竞技选手需要快速的反应能力、手眼协调能力和战略思维，故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many e-sports tournaments are streamed live on the internet, attracting millions of viewers(许多电子竞技锦标赛在互联网上进行直播，吸引了数百万观众)”以及“People enjoy watching their favorite teams and players battle it out in exciting matches(人们喜欢观看他们最喜欢的团队和选手在激动人心的比赛中一决高下)”可知，观众通过在互联网上观看直播的锦标赛来享受电子竞技，故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There are concerns about the potential negative impacts of excessive gaming on physical and mental health(人们担心过度玩游戏对身心健康可能产生的负面影响)”以及“Additionally, some people still view e-sports as just a form of play rather than a real sport(此外，一些人仍然认为电子竞技只是一种娱乐形式，而不是一项真正的运动)”可知，电子竞技面临的挑战是人们担心过度玩游戏对健康的影响以及电子竞技没有被完全认可，故选C项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津津南·期中）Seattle has many routes that make perfect cold-weather hikes right within the city limits or within a short drive out of town. Discovery Park Discovery Park is a 534 - acre park that is easily accessible, easy to get to and a truly enjoyable easy hike. It is also located right within the city limits and offers various hiking routes through forests, along paved roadways, through grasslands and along a rocky coastline. Any time of year, even during rainy months, there are enough paved pathways (小路) so that you can avoid the mud (泥), if you prefer. Necessarily, you will end up on the far side of the park on the beach. Take some time to get some photos of the lighthouse along the beautiful beach. Seward Park Like Discovery Park, Seward Park is open all year round and offers easy hiking routes for all hiking levels within the city limits. The main route is a 2.6-mile paved pathway with plenty of beautiful water and mountain views. You will find plenty of walkers, cyclers and runners on the route, but many fewer people in the winter than in the summer. This is an especially great hike for families or those who want to hike for half an hour. Point Defence Less than an hour south of Seattle is the largest park in the United States at 702 acres (公顷), and its hiking routes are in the forests and provides beautiful views of the Puget Sound, Narrows Bridge and surrounding islands and different hiking routes. If what you seek is a straight-forward, paved hike, Five Mile Drive offers just that and is open and clean all year round. Capitol Forest Even farther south of Seattle is Capitol Forest, which serves up a mix of undeveloped nature and hiking routes. The forest is not a park and so it is much larger than the previously listed hikes — so large that it’s wise to carry a route map to avoid getting lost. Capitol Forest offers plenty of unpaved routes that wind through forest and open areas, waterfalls, and there is even a ghost town in the forest if you can find it. 1．Which of the following about Discovery Park is NOT true? A．Its hiking routes are various. B．It is easy for people to get to. C．It is difficult for people to hike there in bad weather. D．People can also see a lighthouse along the seaside when hiking. 2．If you want to spend half an hour hiking with your family, you can go to ______. A．Point Defence B．Discovery Park C．Capitol Forest D．Seward Park 3．What do you know about Point Defence? A．Its hiking routes are in the forests. B．It is the largest park around the world. C．It is free to the public only this year. D．There are many tourist attractions near it. 4．When hiking in Capitol Forest, ______. A．you may get lost if you don’t take a map B．you will find some rare wildlife C．you can only choose the unpaved routes D．you will meet with some terrifying ghosts 5．What do these four places have in common (有相同之处)？ A．They are all large enough. B．They are all about hiking places in and near Seattle. C．They all encourage people to do more indoor activities. D．They are all famous for their special scenery around the world. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了西雅图及其周边适合冷天气徒步的几个地方。 1．细节理解题。根据Discovery Park部分的描述“Any time of year, even during rainy months, there are enough paved pathways (小路) so that you can avoid the mud (泥), if you prefer.(一年中的任何时候，即便是在多雨的月份，都有足够多的铺好的小路，所以，如果你愿意的话，你可以避开泥泞的道路)”可知，即使在天气不好的时候，Discovery Park也有足够的铺设好的小路供人们徒步，不会很难。故选C。 2．细节理解题。 根据Seward Park部分的描述“This is an especially great hike for families or those who want to hike for half an hour.(这对于家庭或者那些想要徒步半小时的人来说是一个特别好的徒步地点)”可知，如果想和家人一起徒步半小时，可以选择Seward Park。故选D。 3．细节理解题。 根据Point Defence部分的描述“Less than an hour south of Seattle is the largest park in the United States at 702 acres (公顷), and its hiking routes are in the forests(西雅图以南不到一小时车程，是美国最大的公园，占地702英亩，它的徒步路线在森林中)”可知，Point Defence的徒步路线在森林中。故选A。 4．细节理解题。 根据Capitol Forest部分的描述“The forest is not a park and so it is much larger than the previously listed hikes — so large that it’s wise to carry a route map to avoid getting lost.(这片森林不是一个公园，所以它比之前列出的徒步地点要大得多——大到最好带上一张路线图以免迷路)”可知，在Capitol Forest徒步时，最好带上路线图以免迷路。故选A。 5．细节理解题。 根据第一段“Seattle has many routes that make perfect cold-weather hikes right within the city limits or within a short drive out of town.(西雅图有许多路线，可以在城市范围内或出城后很短的车程内进行完美的寒冷天气徒步旅行)”可知，这四个地方的共同点是它们都是关于西雅图市内和附近的徒步旅行地点。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Boomerang (回旋镖) children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found. The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents’ quality of life and well-being. The young adults taking part in the study were “more positive than might have been expected” about moving back home — the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of parents’ financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found. Parents on the whole were more uncertain, expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities. The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of adult independence for their children as a “family project”. Parents accepted that their children required supports as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder. “However,” the study says, “day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates.” Areas of disagreement included chores, money and social life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close. 6．What is the finding of the previous research? A．The parents’ quality of life became worse than before. B．Boomerang children made their parents even happier than before. C．Boomerang children never did any housework. D．The parents were looking forward to their children’s return. 7．The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by ______. A．benefit B．defeat C．cause D．allow 8．What is the attitude of the college graduates towards returning home? A．They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help. B．They are proud to be independent from the family. C．They are doubtful about whether they should return. D．They are glad that they could come back. 9．What can be inferred as the reason for the “boomerang children” phenomenon? A．It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job. B．The parents are willing to provide support to their children. C．The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents. D．There is more house work needed to be done by the children. 10．What is the side effect of the “boomerang children” phenomenon? A．Both parents and children enjoy a more harmonious relationship. B．Neither parents nor children want to do the chores at home. C．There are occasional quarrels between parents and children. D．Not only parents but also children want to be independent eagerly. 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“回巢族”现象。研究指出子女大学毕业后，返家与父母同住可能拉近家庭关系，但此前研究认为这会降低父母生活质量。文章分析了毕业生对返家的积极态度、父母的复杂心态，以及返家现象的原因（高债务、就业难）和日常矛盾（家务、金钱等）。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents’ quality of life and well-being.(这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果不一致，早些的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著恶化)”可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感比之前更差。故选A。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents’ quality of life and wellbeing.(这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究不一致，该研究显示，成年子女回国会trigger父母的生活质量和幸福感显著恶化)”可知，通过新旧研究对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。由此可知，划线词trigger与cause“导致，致使”意义一致。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段“The young adults taking part in the study were “more positive than might have been expected” about moving back home — the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of parents’ financial and emotional support.(参与这项研究的年轻人对于搬回家“比预期的更积极”——他们的羞愧感减少了，因为他们的许多朋友都处于同样的处境，而且他们承认父母在经济和情感上的支持是有好处的)”可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的，很高兴能够回家，故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据第四段“But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.(但他们承认，如今的毕业生情况有所不同，他们毕业时背负着巨额债务，工作机会也更少)”可推知，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作是“回巢族”现象的原因。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““However,” the study says,  “day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different  dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to  conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a  little over half the graduates.”(“然而，”该研究称，“实现不同层面独立前景的日常紧张关系，在一些极端情况下接近冲突，是大多数父母和略高于一半的毕业生的经历。”)” 及第最后一段“Areas of disagreement included chores, money and social life.(分歧领域包括家务、金钱和社交生活)”可知，在少数极端情况下，这种紧张情绪接近冲突。由此可知，“回巢族”现象的副作用是在少数情况下，紧张情绪会导致父母和孩子之间偶尔发生争吵。故选D。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1, which has emerged as a pioneer especially in educational technology. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, but it costs much less to build. It combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide. Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. DeepSeek-R1 improves by itself by using reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate (模拟) human reasoning. This allows it to guide students through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient tutor. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking. The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time response. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can provide lesson plans that agree with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized exams that adjust difficulty according to individual progress. However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a “supplement (补充), not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.” Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to bring virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical (道德的) debates about AI in education still exist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, combining technology with human wisdom. 1．What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models? A．It uses pre-programmed answers. B．It focuses on memorization techniques. C．It creates fixed test patterns for all the students. D．It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning. 2．What does the underlined word “adaptive” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．fixed B．adjustable C．complex D．outdated 3．What future development does DeepSeek plan to add to its platform? A．Real-time response to strengthen real-time classroom interaction. B．Virtual reality (VR) to enable immersive learning experiences. C．Advanced robotics to assist in repetitive tasks. D．New technology to secure student data. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the use of DeepSeek-R1? A．doubtful B．critical C．positive D．indifferent 5．What is the main purpose of writing the passage? A．To advertise DeepSeek products. B．To criticize the risks of DeepSeek in schools. C．To discuss the role of DeepSeek in transforming education. D．To compare different AI models. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国科技公司DeepSeek推出的AI模型DeepSeek-R1在教育领域的应用、优势、挑战及未来发展计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. DeepSeek-R1 improves by itself by using reinforcement ( 强化 ) learning to simulate (模拟) human reasoning. (与依赖于预编程答案的传统人工智能模型不同，DeepSeek-R1通过多次尝试并变得更好来学习，就像学生练习数学一样。DeepSeek-R1通过使用强化学习来模拟人类推理来自我改进)”可知，DeepSeek-R1与传统AI的区别在于它使用强化学习进行推理。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time response. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can provide lesson plans that agree with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized exams that adjust difficulty according to individual progress.(该模型的应用范围超出了学术界。在语言学习中，它通过人工智能语音识别分析学生的发音，并提供实时响应。对于教师来说，DeepSeek-R1可以提供符合课程标准的教案，甚至可以根据历史数据预测学生的学习困难。它的adaptive测试功能可创建定制的考试，根据个人进度调整难度)”可知，DeepSeek-R1可以提供实时响应，根据不同情况提供个性化的结果，由此可推知，DeepSeek-R1具备可调整功能，划线单词表示“可调整的”，与adjustable意义相近。故选B。   3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to bring virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. (展望未来，DeepSeek旨在将虚拟现实（VR）带入其平台，让学生在沉浸式3D环境中探索历史事件或科学概念)”可知，DeepSeek未来计划加入VR技术。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While ethical (道德的) debates about AI in education still exist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, combining technology with human wisdom. (尽管关于教育中人工智能的道德争论仍然存在，但有一点是明确的：DeepSeek等工具正在重塑我们的学习方式，将技术与人类智慧相结合)”可推断，作者对于DeepSeek-R1的态度是积极的。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1, which has emerged as a pioneer especially in educational technology. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, but it costs much less to build. It combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide.(2025年1月20日，一家名为DeepSeek的中国科技公司制造了一种名为DeepSeek-R1的新型人工智能，它已成为教育技术领域的先驱。这个智能程序可以解决数学问题、编写代码和回答顶级模型（如OpenAI的GPT-4o）等问题，但构建成本要低得多。它结合了先进的机器学习方法，为全球学生提供个性化的学习解决方案)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了DeepSeek-R1这一人工智能在教育领域的应用、特点、优势以及未来规划，讨论了它在转变教育方式中的作用，目的在于探讨DeepSeek-R1对教育的变革作用。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）Promising to be truthful has a real impact on reducing the number of teens who are willing to cheat, according to a new study conducted in India by a research team from the University of Plymouth. The findings, published in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, suggest that the desire to be honest goes beyond just a fear of social punishment. “Promises are what we call ‘speech acts’ and create commitments by only saying specific words,” said the study’s first author. Dr. Patricia Kanngiesser. So one would think that they have very little binding (约束) power. However, research has shown over and over again that many people do keep their word, even at a personal cost. Cheating and dishonesty, even on a small scale, can weaken trust and lead to costs for others, and society at large. Cheating in academic (学业的) settings is a problem worldwide. As of 2018, 20% of the world’s adolescents (ages 10 to 14) — about 250 million individual — -lived in India and the country’s highly competitive educational system means academic cheating is a concern. The study involved a series of experiments among 640 adolescents to test the effectiveness of inviting participants to promise to be truthful, with points that would later be converted (转化) into prizes as an encouragement. For example, adolescents played a game in which they mentally chose a location in a box with 16 dice (骰子), shook the box and recorded the number of the dice falling in their chosen position. Prizes were based on their total reported scores after fifteen rounds. Since the initial choice was private, opportunistic and unobservable switching to a higher scoring dice was possible. Before the task, the participants were given a choice to promise to be truthful or not. To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points. This gave even potentially dishonest participants a motivation to choose to promise. Control groups of participants could also earn those extra points but did not have to promise. The researchers were able to evaluate the degree of dishonesty by comparing participants’ reported results to what would be statistically expected. Compared to control groups, promises in the study effectively lowered cheating rates, and the authors conclude that they could be a simple tool to reduce dishonest behavior. “This study provides more evidence of that, and suggests promises could be a powerful way of encouraging and sustaining honest behavior in an academic context.” Kanngiesser said. 6．Why was the study conducted in India? A．Because teens in India have a strong desire to be honest. B．Because teenagers in India are under great academic pressure. C．Because teen’s academic cheating is educators’ big concern there. D．Because more and more Indian adolescents don’t always keep their word. 7．How did the researchers carry out their study? A．By giving examples and analyzing data. B．By controlling figures and making classification. C．By making comparisons and explaining causes. D．By doing experiments and making comparisons. 8．Which of the following statements is true in the experiment with dice? A．The adolescents were encouraged to promise to be truthful. B．The effectiveness of promises is not reflected in the experiment. C．It’s impossible for participants to change their original choice of position. D．The degree of dishonesty in the control group was comparatively lower. 9．Why did the researchers offer extra points to participants who promised to be truthful? A．To get rid of cheating entirely by making honesty the only rewarding option. B．To make promising more attractive, even to potentially dishonest teens. C．To determine whether higher scores alone, rather than promises, influenced honesty. D．To punish those who refused to promise. 10．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Honesty is a virtue to be followed. B．Promises can actually reduce teen cheating. C．Academic cheating is a worldwide problem. D．Truthfulness is important to getting good scores. 【答案】6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。普利茅斯大学研究表明，在印度开展的实验证实，承诺诚实可有效降低青少年作弊率 。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“As of 2018, 20% of the world’s adolescents (ages 10 to 14) — about 250 million individuals  — lived in India and the country’s highly competitive educational system means academic cheating is a concern.(截至2018年，世界上20%的青少年（10至14岁）—— 约2.5亿人—— 生活在印度，该国竞争激烈的教育系统意味着学术作弊是一个令人担忧的问题。)”可知，在印度进行研究是因为印度青少年的学术作弊是教育者的一个大问题。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“The study involved a series of experiments among 640 adolescents to test the effectiveness of inviting participants to promise to be truthful, with points that would later be converted (转化) into prizes as an encouragement.(这项研究对640名青少年进行了一系列实验，以测试邀请参与者承诺诚实的有效性，积分后来会转化为奖品作为鼓励。)”以及倒数第二段“The researchers were able to evaluate the degree of dishonesty by comparing participants’ reported results to what would be statistically expected. Compared to control groups, promises in the study effectively lowered cheating rates, and the authors conclude that they could be a simple tool to reduce dishonest behavior.(研究人员能够通过将参与者报告的结果与统计预期进行比较来评估不诚实的程度。与对照组相比，研究中的承诺有效地降低了作弊率，作者得出结论，承诺可能是减少不诚实行为的一个简单工具。)”可知，研究人员通过做实验和进行比较来开展研究。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第五段“Prizes were based on their total reported scores after fifteen rounds. Since the initial choice was private, opportunistic and unobservable switching to a higher scoring dice was possible.(奖品是基于他们在 15 轮后报告的总分数。由于最初的选择是私密的，机会主义的、无法观察到的换成更高分数的骰子是有可能的。)”和第六段“Before the task, the participants were given a choice to promise to be truthful or not. To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points.(在任务之前，参与者可以选择是否承诺诚实。为了让承诺诚实更有吸引力，那些承诺诚实的人会得到额外的分数。)”可知，青少年被鼓励承诺诚实。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第六段“To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points. This gave even potentially dishonest participants a motivation to choose to promise.(为了让承诺诚实更有吸引力，那些承诺诚实的人会得到额外的分数。这甚至给了潜在不诚实的参与者选择承诺的动机。)”可知，给承诺诚实的参与者额外分数是为了让承诺更有吸引力，甚至对潜在不诚实的青少年也是如此。故选B。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章第一段“Promising to be truthful has a real impact on reducing the number of teens who are willing to cheat, according to a new study conducted in India by a research team from the University of Plymouth.(根据普利茅斯大学的一个研究团队在印度进行的一项新研究，承诺诚实对减少愿意作弊的青少年数量有真正的影响。)”以及最后一段“‘This study provides more evidence of that, and suggests promises could be a powerful way of encouraging and sustaining honest behavior in an academic context.’ Kanngiesser said.(‘这项研究提供了更多这方面的证据，并表明承诺可能是在学术环境中鼓励和维持诚实行为的一种有力方式。’坎吉瑟说。)”可知，文章主要讲普利茅斯大学研究表明，在印度开展的实验证实，承诺诚实可有效降低青少年作弊率 。所以B项Promises can actually reduce teen cheating(承诺实际上可以减少青少年作弊)符合语境。故选B。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期中）Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So,let’s check out our list of four inspiring urban gardens in the US. Gotham Greens Where: New York & Chicago What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students Where: Baltimore, Maryland What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food. ReVision Urban Farm Where: Boston, Massachusetts What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home——a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty. Swale Where: New York What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm. Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables,fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines — each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的)relationship. 16．In the passage, the word “flagship” in “Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000pounds of greens per year.” probably means . A．the most important or successful one B．the smallest and least productive one C．the newest and most experimental one D．the most expensive and luxurious one 17．What makes the vegetables grown by Gotham Greens so special? A．They are larger in size and more colorful. B．They are produced using advanced greenhouse technology with solar-powered support. C．They are grown in a completely natural environment without any human intervention. D．They are only available in New York and Chicago markets. 18．What is special about Gotham Greens? A．It provides job training for students. B．It uses high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food. C．It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat. D．It offers homeless families information on healthy eating. 19．Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience? A．Gotham Greens. B．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students. C．ReVision Urban Farm. D．Swale. 20．What do these four urban gardens have in common? A．They are inspirational multinational project. B．They have educational and entertaining purposes. C．They create job opportunities for farmers. D．They are important for city residents. 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．B 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿色空间，建立社区凝聚力。文章主要讲述了几个城市花园。 16．词句猜测题。根据Gotham Greens部分“Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago.(戈特曼绿园最初在布鲁克林创立，如今在纽约市和芝加哥拥有四家分店)”以及后文“produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year(每年能产出超过10万磅的绿色蔬菜)”可推知，有四家分店，此处只提到这一家店，每年有超过10万磅的绿色蔬菜，生产最多，应该是最重要或最成功的那个农场。故“flagship”这个词很可能指的是最重要或最成功的那个农场。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据Gotham Greens部分“It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.(它采用配备了太阳能电池板的高科技温室，以确保所种植的作物是健康且可持续的)”可知，哥谭绿园种植的蔬菜是通过采用先进的温室技术并借助太阳能支持的方式生产出来的。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据Gotham Greens部分“It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.(它正在使用带有太阳能电池板的高科技温室，以确保种植的食物是健康和可持续的)”可知，Gotham Greens使用了高科技温室种植健康的食物。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students部分“The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs.(巴尔的摩城市园艺与学生（BUGS）项目鼓励学生们亲自动手，通过课后活动和暑期项目种植蔬菜)”可知，BUGS项目能提供第一手的农耕经验。故选B。 20．细节理解题。根据第一段“Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So, let’s check out our list of four inspiring urban gardens in the US.(城市花园是社区的重要资源。它们提供了可供种植可持续食品的绿色空间，有助于增强社区凝聚力，让人们结交新朋友，与大地建立联系等等。所以，让我们来看看美国的这四个令人鼓舞的城市花园吧)”可知，城市花园对城市居民很重要，所以4个城市花园的共同点也是对城市居民很重要。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津河北·期中）Do you have memories from when you were a baby? Most of us don’t have them. This is called “infantile amnesia (童年失忆症)”. However, these memories are actually kept in the brain until we become adults, even though we aren’t aware of them. Professor Cristina Alberini at New York University in the US found that the experiences learned in infancy are kept as hidden memories. It happens in a brain part called the hippocampus (海马体) when an infant’s brain is growing. Changes in brain chemicals help this process. Alberini conducted experiments on rats and found that boosting (促进,推动) certain chemicals later can bring back hidden memories. This shows that early memories aren’t lost but are kept. In this case, “if the children are learning difficult situations in early childhood, their brains are going to be shaped based on that experience,” Alberini told The Guardian. Her study shows these hidden memories may influence people’s learning abilities throughout their lives and contribute to some mental health illnesses. Although most of us can’t remember the things that happened to us when we were little, the age at which each person has their first memory can vary significantly. Different backgrounds may explain the difference. Professor Wang Qi at Cornell University in the US has shown that the earliest memories of Americans date back to around 3.5 years of age, almost six months earlier than in Chinese people. Wang said that this is because American people are more self-focused. However, in Asia, identity is more about the roles they play in society and relationships with others. So it may take more time for Asian babies to remember many details. How often parents talk about past experiences with their children can also influence when first memories appear. New Zealand’s Maori people have their first memories as early as at the age of 2.5, The Guardian said. Professor Elaine Reese from the University of Otago in New Zealand said it’s because the Maori culture values stories and deep conversations about past events. Conversations are key for keeping memories when kids can form mental images of the things that happened to them. 21．What did Professor Cristina Alberini discover about early memories? A．They are stored and can be awakened. B．They are removed by brain chemicals. C．They disappear as we grow older. D．They are lost in infancy. 22．According to Alberini, how do early childhood experiences influence people? A．They have no lasting effect on people. B．They contribute to the growth of the hippocampus. C．They shape the brain and could affect mental health. D．They play a part in developing interests and hobbies. 23．Why do Americans have earlier first memories compared to Chinese people? A．They have a special brain structure. B．They value relationships more. C．They are more self-focused. D．They experience less stress. 24．What does the case of Maori people’s first memories at the age of 2.5 show? A．Telling old stories helps keep memories. B．Maori people have the best memory abilities. C．Telling stories is a good way to spread culture. D．Maori people experience more events in infancy. 25．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Total forgetting of infant memories. B．Parental influence on early memories. C．Cultural differences in first memories. D．Hidden yet influential childhood memories. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明童年记忆藏于大脑，其影响人一生学习能力与心理健康，且人首次记忆年龄因背景而异。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Professor Cristina Alberini at New York University in the US found that the experiences learned in infancy are kept as hidden memories.(美国纽约大学的克里斯蒂娜·阿尔贝里尼教授发现，婴儿时期所经历的事件会以隐性记忆的形式被保存下来)”以及“This shows that early memories aren’t lost but are kept.(这表明早期的记忆并未丢失，而是被保存了下来)”可知，早期记忆是被存储起来的，并且能够被唤醒。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Her study shows these hidden memories may influence people’s learning abilities throughout their lives and contribute to some mental health illnesses.(她的研究表明，这些隐性记忆可能会在人的一生中影响他们的学习能力，并导致一些精神健康问题)”可知，阿尔贝里尼表示，早期的童年经历会塑造大脑，并可能影响心理健康。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Professor Wang Qi at Cornell University in the US has shown that the earliest memories of Americans date back to around 3.5 years of age, almost six months earlier than in Chinese people.(美国康奈尔大学的王琪教授研究表明，美国人最早的记忆可追溯到约 3.5 岁，这比中国人早了近六个月)”和第三段“Wang said that this is because American people are more self-focused.(王教授说，这是因为美国人更注重自我)”可知，美国人的最初记忆比中国人更早出现是因为他们更注重自我。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Professor Elaine Reese from the University of Otago in New Zealand said it’s because the Maori culture values stories and deep conversations about past events. Conversations are key for keeping memories when kids can form mental images of the things that happened to them.(新西兰奥塔哥大学的伊莱恩·里斯教授表示，这是因为毛利文化重视故事以及对过去事件的深入交流。交流对于帮助孩子形成对所经历事情的脑海记忆至关重要。孩子们能够将所发生的事情在脑海中形成图像，而交流正是实现这一过程的关键)”可知，毛利人2.5岁时的第一段记忆所反映的情况是讲述古老的故事有助于保持记忆。故选A。 25．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合根据第一段“Do you have memories from when you were a baby? Most of us don’t have them. This is called “infantile amnesia (童年失忆症)”. However, these memories are actually kept in the brain until we become adults, even though we aren’t aware of them.(你小时候有没有留下什么记忆呢？我们大多数人是没有的。这种情况被称为“童年失忆症”。然而，这些记忆实际上一直保存在大脑中，直到我们长大成人，尽管我们自己并不知道它们的存在)”可知。文章主要说明了研究表明童年记忆藏于大脑，其影响人一生学习能力与心理健康，且人首次记忆年龄因背景而异。由此可知，这篇文章主要介绍了隐藏却具有深远影响力的童年记忆。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·天津西青·期中）India is home to 80% of the world’s wild tigers, yet rapid population growth and building projects in the country have reduced wildlife habitats. With less forest cover, tigers are finding it harder to hunt and are increasingly entering human areas for food. When tigers attack people and their livestock (家畜), people are losing patience,leading to more fights between humans and tigers. To deal with the pressing issue, Valiance Solutions developed Wildlife Eye, an AI system aimed at addressing real-world challenges. Using computer technology and smart systems, people can figure out where animals might walk. The system’s smart AI cameras, LED lights and communication screens make it possible to recognize tigers. It spots (发现) tigers to such a degree that even specific behavioral changes are noticed. Then, it sends warning to forest workers when tigers get close to people. Kathait, the leader of Valiance Solutions, says they’ve sent over 65 warnings to people in the past nine months with Wildlife Eye. He gives a example. “A few weeks ago, we got news about a tiger coming close to where people live, which could cause trouble as people were doing their daily chores. Just then, our system noticed the tiger, saw a big risk, and quick sent out warnings. The warning, along with a loud noise, got the tiger attention and made it leave right away,” Kathait said. However, in Chandrapur’s villages, poor Internet connections made it hard to send images using the AI system. To fix this, Kathait and his team created a new model of the algorithm (算法) that works with less data. This improvement allows the system to function better. At first, one camera used to send 121 GB of data every day while working all the time. To reduce this, they started using special devices that only shared information when something was noticed. Now, each camera sends only 2-3 GB of data per day. “In the near future, the villagers will likely understand how this technology will save lives and their livestock,which will further improve their livelihoods,” Kathait said. “We will judge the success of our system in terms of the lives saved. Its acceptance can soon be gained among the public.” 26．What is a notable result of reduced wildlife habitats in India? A．A drop in the tiger population. B．Loss of species richness in forests. C．Improved hunting skill of the tigers. D．Troubled human-animal relationship. 27．What is the main function of Wildlife Eye? A．Examining tigers’ diet habits. B．Monitoring tigers’ movement. C．Checking tigers’ health condition. D．Discovering tigers’ natural habitats. 28．What does Kathait want to highlight about Wildlife Eye with his example? A．Its role in judging wildlife safety. B．Its contribution to wildlife research. C．Its impact on local people’s behavior. D．Its effectiveness in preventing attacks. 29．How was the challenge of sending images fixed? A．By improving the image quality. B．By scheduling data sending time. C．By ensuring selective data sending. D．By increasing Internet connection speed. 30．What is Kathait’s attitude to the future of Wildlife Eye? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 【答案】26．D 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了印度野生老虎栖息地因人口快速增长和建设项目而减少，导致老虎更频繁地进入人类居住区觅食，进而引发人虎冲突的问题。为了应对这一紧迫问题，Valiance Solutions公司开发了名为Wildlife Eye的人工智能系统，旨在解决现实世界中的挑战。 26．细节理解题。根据第一段“With less forest cover, tigers are finding it harder to hunt and are increasingly entering human areas for food. When tigers attack people and their livestock (家畜), people are losing patience,leading to more fights between humans and tigers.(随着森林覆盖面积的减少，老虎越来越难以捕猎，它们越来越多地进入人类居住的地区觅食。当老虎袭击人类和他们的牲畜时，人们失去了耐心，导致人类和老虎之间发生了更多的战斗)”可知，印度野生动物栖息地减少的一个显著结果是人兽关系紧张。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据第二段“Using computer technology and smart systems, people can figure out where animals might walk. The system’s smart AI cameras, LED lights and communication screens make it possible to recognize tigers. It spots (发现) tigers to such a degree that even specific behavioral changes are noticed.(利用计算机技术和智能系统，人们可以计算出动物可能会走到哪里。该系统的智能人工智能摄像头、LED灯和通信屏幕使识别老虎成为可能。它发现老虎的程度如此之高，甚至可以注意到特定的行为变化)”可知，Wildlife Eye的主要功能是监测老虎的活动。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据第三段“A few weeks ago, we got news about a tiger coming close to where people live, which could cause trouble as people were doing their daily chores. Just then, our system noticed the tiger, saw a big risk, and quick sent out warnings. The warning, along with a loud noise, got the tiger attention and made it leave right away(几周前，我们收到消息称有一只老虎靠近了人类居住区，由于人们当时正在进行日常活动，这可能会引发麻烦。就在这时，我们的系统监测到了这只老虎，察觉到了巨大的风险，并迅速发出了警告。伴随着响亮的警报声，警告引起了老虎的注意，让它立刻离开了那里)”可知，Kathait想用他的例子来强调Wildlife Eye在防止攻击方面的有效性。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To fix this, Kathait and his team created a new model of the algorithm (算法) that works with less data. This improvement allows the system to function better. At first, one camera used to send 121 GB of data every day while working all the time. To reduce this, they started using special devices that only shared information when something was noticed.(为了解决这一问题，Kathait和他的团队创建了一种新的算法模型，这种模型在数据量较少的情况下也能正常工作。这一改进使系统的性能得到了提升。起初，一台相机全天候工作时每天会发送 121 GB的数据。为了减少数据量，他们开始使用特殊设备，这些设备仅在检测到异常情况时才会共享信息)”可知，发送图像的挑战是通过确保选择性数据发送来解决的，故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段““In the near future, the villagers will likely understand how this technology will save lives and their livestock,which will further improve their livelihoods,” Kathait said. “We will judge the success of our system in terms of the lives saved. Its acceptance can soon be gained among the public.”(Kathait表示：“在不久的将来，村民们很可能会明白这项技术将如何拯救他们的生命和牲畜，这将进一步改善他们的生计。我们将以挽救的生命数量来评判我们系统的成功。这项技术很快就会得到公众的认可。”)”可知，Kathait对Wildlife Eye的未来充满希望，故选A。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）Virtue, by definition, is the moral excellence of a person. Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good. They are honest, respectful, generous, forgiving and kind, for example. They do the right thing, and don’t bend to impulses, urges or desires, but act according to values and principles. Some might say good qualities are inborn. Actually, virtues need to be cultivated. With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. Virtues are universal and recognized by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being. However, practicing virtues is not easy. So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals, and we still never get there. We know that if we forgive, we’ll be less angry. We know it takes courage to accomplish great things. So why then, if we know what to do, are we still stuck? We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples: kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport; trust in a relationship creates valuable, meaningful relationships; gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career; service to others can change lives, better neighborhoods and create stronger nations. We know we are becoming more virtuous people, not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us. Our friends, families, co-workers, and neighbors will trust and rely on us. They will come to us for guidance and help. They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people. Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. 11．What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph? A．They are born with goodness and do not need self-improvement. B．They always prioritize personal happiness over moral principles. C．They have a habit of doing good. D．They act on the principle of profit. 12．Which of the following is right? A．Virtues are culturally specific and not universally applicable. B．Practicing virtue helps people gain greater joy and fulfillment. C．Virtue guarantees material success which leads to happiness. D．Most people are naturally dishonest and must learn virtue. 13．How does practicing virtues affect relationships, according to the passage? A．It makes people more competitive and less trusting of others. B．It leads others to trust, rely on, and seek guidance from virtuous individuals. C．It ensures financial success, which strengthens social bonds. D．It requires people to abandon personal goals for the sake of others. 14．What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph? A．A good greeting. B．A great atmosphere. C．A good goodbye. D．A close relationship. 15．What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to be more virtuous. B．To encourage readers to live a purposeful life. C．To encourage readers to offer others guidance. D．To encourage readers to develop others’ potential. 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美德的定义、特点、作用以及实践美德的意义。美德是指一个人的道德卓越，具有诚实、尊重、慷慨等良好品质，且需要培养。实践美德虽不易，但能带来积极影响，如改善人际关系、提升自我等。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good. They are honest, respectful, generous, forgiving and kind, for example. They do the right thing, and don’t bend to impulses, urges or desires, but act according to values and principles. (道德高尚的人具备由被视为美好的美德所构成的品格。例如，他们诚实、尊重他人、慷慨、宽容且善良。他们做正确的事，不屈从于冲动、欲望或渴求，而是依据价值观和原则行事。)”以及第二段“With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. (拥有从善的习惯，我们就能掌控自己的生活，朝着更幸福、更有成就感的方向前进。)”可知，有美德的人有做好事的习惯，他们依据价值观和原则行事，养成美德的习惯能让生活更幸福和充实。故选C项。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. (拥有从善的习惯，我们就能掌控自己的生活，朝着更幸福、更有成就感的方向前进。)”以及最后一段“Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. (践行美德能让我们挖掘自身潜力，过上更有意义、更美好的生活。)”可知，实践美德能帮助人们获得更大的快乐和成就感，让人们发挥潜力，过上更有意义、更好的生活。故选B项。 13．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Our friends, families, co-workers, and neighbors will trust and rely on us. They will come to us for guidance and help. (我们的朋友、家人、同事和邻居会信任并依赖我们。他们会向我们寻求指导和帮助。)”可知，实践美德会让其他人信任、依赖有美德的人，并向他们寻求指导和帮助。故选B项。 14．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句中的“kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport (对正经历糟糕一天的人表达善意，能让他或她展露笑容，并建立rapport。)”可知，对心情不好的人友善能让其微笑，所以此处“build rapport”应是指建立良好的关系，即“rapport”意思是“亲密的关系”。故选D项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. (践行美德能让我们发挥自身潜力，过上更有意义、更美好的生活。)”以及前文对实践美德好处的描述可知，作者在最后一段的目的是鼓励读者变得更有美德，因为实践美德能让人们发挥潜力，过上更有意义、更好的生活。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）While Alzheimer’s disease, which usually damages memory, thinking, and behavior, has no known treatment, early detection (发觉) may allow for improved management of the disease, thus possibly slowing its progression and improving the quality of life for those affected. Researchers have now created a simple lightweight headband device for the early judgment of the disease. This new device was made possible through a joint effort of researchers from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Washington University in St. Louis. Individuals can wear this headband while they sleep, and the device will continuously monitor brainwaves, enabling the detection of Alzheimer’s disease well before the condition starts to impact performance and memory. Researchers examined the effectiveness of a headband in monitoring brain health in a study which included more than 205 elderly individuals. Their method focused on detecting brainwaves that appear during memory processing in deep sleep and using them to understand whether there are problems with the brain’s memory. The team identified changes in neural patterns (神经模式) that could be linked to the buildup of two types of proteins (蛋白原), which serve as signs of disease progression in the brain of the individual with Alzheimer’s. “We could identify the levels of proteins in people’s brainwave patterns before they experienced any symptoms (症状). Detecting Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage in people who don’t show symptoms can help with the planning of care and increase the effectiveness of medications and other treatment approaches,” explained Brice McConnell, assistant professor of neurology at the University of Colorado. Previous medical studies have pointed to a connection between the lack of sleep and Alzheimer’s. However, how poor sleep quality influences Alzheimer’s development or even how the disease affects sleep remains ambiguous. While early detection of this disease is beneficial, it is not always straightforward mainly because the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood. Therefore, headbands like this one are still far from becoming commercially or clinically available. Despite this, the team believes that this simple wearable device might one day make a significant difference to the early detection of Alzheimer’s. 16．What is the function of the new device? A．To record individuals’ stress levels. B．To identify early signs of Alzheimer’s. C．To reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D．To improve the sleep quality of patients. 17．How does the new device work? A．By using memory tasks to help patients learn. B．By controlling the number of proteins in the brain. C．By measuring brain activities to detect health issues. D．By tracking changes in the sleepers’ breathing patterns. 18．What is considered a possible benefit of the device for individuals without symptoms? A．It helps lengthen their time of deep sleep. B．It enables timely management of the disease. C．It gradually stops the development of Alzheimer’s. D．It deepens the connection between doctors and patients. 19．What does the underlined word “ambiguous” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Misleading. B．Familiar. C．Unclear. D．Opposite. 20．What is the team’s attitude towards the application of the device? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Worried. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的轻型头带设备，用于早期检测阿尔茨海默病。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers have now created a simple lightweight headband device for the early judgment of the disease. This new device was made possible through a joint effort of researchers from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Washington University in St. Louis. Individuals can wear this headband while they sleep, and the device will continuously monitor brainwaves, enabling the detection of Alzheimer’s disease well before the condition starts to impact performance and memory.(研究人员现已开发出一款轻便简易的头带装置，用于该疾病的早期诊断。这一创新设备由科罗拉多大学安舒茨医学院和圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究团队联合研制而成。使用者可在睡眠时佩戴该头带，设备将持续监测脑电波活动，从而在阿尔茨海默病尚未影响认知功能和记忆能力之前实现早期检测。)”可知，这种新设备的功能是识别老年痴呆症的早期症状。故选B项。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Individuals can wear this headband while they sleep, and the device will continuously monitor brainwaves, enabling the detection of Alzheimer’s disease well before the condition starts to impact performance and memory.(使用者可在睡眠时佩戴该头带，设备将持续监测脑电波活动，从而在阿尔茨海默病尚未影响认知功能和记忆能力之前实现早期检测。)”可知，新设备通过检测大脑活动来检测健康问题。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Detecting Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage in people who don’t show symptoms can help with the planning of care and increase the effectiveness of medications and other treatment approaches.(在没有症状的人群中早期检测阿尔茨海默病有助于护理计划的制定，并提高药物和其他治疗方法的有效性。)”可知，对于无症状个体，早期检测阿尔茨海默病有助于及时管理病情。故选B项。 19．词句猜测题。该段第一句“Previous medical studies have pointed to a connection between the lack of sleep and Alzheimer’s.(之前的医学研究已经指出了睡眠不足和老年痴呆症之间的联系。)”指出，睡眠不足和老年痴呆症之间有联系，由随后的转折副词However和该段最后的句子“because the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood(因为阿尔茨海默病的确切病因尚不完全清楚)”可知，人们应该是不清楚睡眠质量差如何影响阿尔茨海默氏症的发展和这种疾病是如何影响睡眠的，所以划线单词的意义为“不确定的；模糊的”，与unclear意义一致。故选C项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Despite this, the team believes that this simple wearable device might one day make a significant difference to the early detection of Alzheimer’s.(尽管如此，该团队认为这种简单的可穿戴设备可能有一天会对阿尔茨海默病的早期检测产生重大影响。)”可知，尽管这种设备尚未商业化或临床应用，但研究团队认为这种简单的可穿戴设备可能有一天会对阿尔茨海默病的早期检测产生重大影响。所以团队认为可穿戴设备是有希望的。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）Several studies show communication skills are the most important skills for American adults. They are often taught through Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) programs, which encourage student involvement (参与), offered in K-12 schools in 27 states. But they are also a by-product of theater classes, according to a recent study. The study followed children aged 5 to 18 over six years and found increases in communication skills across ages. The longer the kids spent on the theater classes, the more they gained in 21st-century skills, like communication, creativity, imagination, and problem-solving, says Thalia Goldstein, the study’s co-author. Theater involves different learning — getting up on your feet to take in information, rather than sitting at a desk. “When you put something in your body, it lasts longer, and you remember it longer,” says Kathryn Dawson, associate professor of theater at the University of Texas at Austin. Theater provides an awareness of space. And it enables more than expressions with words. For children with autism (孤独症), theater techniques increase eye attention and inspire conversation. This is where the arts level the playing field for children of different abilities; they can participate in meaningful ways where language is not a necessary skill. Sara Williams, Charlotte’s mother, cites theater as the foundation (基础) for her daughter’s self-awareness. Charlotte began drama classes at age 5. At 13, she is not afraid to speak publicly or join the student council; she listens and has confidence. “Kids go to these classes and come home feeling excited, like they have achieved something,” Williams says. And not just the outgoing kids — for the shy, theater opens them up. A theater class provides a supportive environment, free from unkind judgment. You can keep your personality, and unlike in sports, you’re not competing with anyone. “Theater is about telling stories. It is one of the best ways to help young people get to know themselves,” Dawson says. 11．What does the recent study find out? A．Theater classes contribute greatly to children’s social skills. B．Communication skills matter to children’s development. C．Theater classes are more effective than SEL programs. D．Children’s interest in theater classes varies with age. 12．How does Kathryn Dawson explain the impact of theater learning? A．It focuses on improving one’s artistic skills. B．It raises children’s awareness of confidence. C．It strengthens a sense of community among children. D．It promotes active learning through physical involvement. 13．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Theater techniques are based on language learning. B．Theater experiences help practise competitive skills. C．Theater techniques benefit a wide range of children. D．Theater classes can be unsuitable for autistic children. 14．What can theater bring to shy children according to the example? A．A means of gaining an understanding of others. B．A comfortable space for self-expression. C．A gateway to discovering hidden talents. D．A chance to accept your disadvantages. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Theater education shapes children’s self-growth B．Be open-minded about different learning methods C．Theater classes equip children with great creativity D．Design theater classes according to children’s needs 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧课程对提升美国儿童的沟通能力及其他21世纪技能的积极作用。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But they are also a by-product of theater classes, according to a recent study. The study followed children aged 5 to 18 over six years and found increases in communication skills across ages. The longer the kids spent on the theater classes, the more they gained in 21st-century skills, like communication, creativity, imagination, and problem-solving, says Thalia Goldstein, the study’s co-author.(但根据最近的一项研究，戏剧课也能带来沟通技巧的提升。这项研究对5岁至18岁的儿童进行了为期六年的跟踪调查，发现各个年龄段的孩子在沟通技巧方面都有所提高。该研究的合著者塔利亚・戈德斯坦表示，孩子们上戏剧课的时间越长，他们在21世纪所需的技能方面的收获就越多，比如沟通能力、创造力、想象力和解决问题的能力)”可知，最近的研究表明戏剧课也是提升沟通技巧（属于社交技能）的一个途径，孩子们上戏剧课的时间越长，他们在沟通、创造力、想象力和解决问题等21世纪所需技能方面的收获就越多。由此可知，戏剧课对孩子们的社交技能有很大的促进作用。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theater involves different learning — getting up on your feet to take in information, rather than sitting at a desk. “When you put something in your body, it lasts longer, and you remember it longer,” says Kathryn Dawson, associate professor of theater at the University of Texas at Austin. Theater provides an awareness of space. And it enables more than expressions with words. (戏剧涉及到不同的学习方式——即站起身来获取信息，而不是坐在书桌前。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的戏剧副教授凯瑟琳・道森说：“当你用身体去感受某些东西时，它在你记忆中留存的时间会更长，你也会记得更久。”戏剧能让人们对空间产生认知，而且它所带来的不仅仅是语言表达)”可知，凯瑟琳・道森认为当你通过身体去感受某些东西时，它在记忆中留存的时间会更长，而且戏剧学习涉及到不同于坐在书桌前的学习方式，是站起身来获取信息。由此可知，通过身体的参与来促进积极的学习。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For children with autism (孤独症), theater techniques increase eye attention and inspire conversation. This is where the arts level the playing field for children of different abilities; they can participate in meaningful ways where language is not a necessary skill. (对于患有孤独症的儿童来说，戏剧技巧能提高他们的眼神注意力，并激发他们与人交谈。这就是艺术为不同能力的孩子创造平等机会的地方；他们可以以有意义的方式参与其中，而语言并非是必备的技能)”可知，对于患有孤独症的儿童，戏剧技巧能提高他们的眼神注意力并激发对话。而且艺术为不同能力的孩子创造了平等的机会，即使语言不是必备技能，他们也能以有意义的方式参与其中。这说明戏剧技巧对不同能力的孩子，包括孤独症儿童都有好处。由此推知，戏剧技巧使广泛的儿童群体受益。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“And not just the outgoing kids — for the shy, theater opens them up. A theater class provides a supportive environment, free from unkind judgment. You can keep your personality, and unlike in sports, you’re not competing with anyone.(而且不只是外向的孩子如此——对于害羞的孩子来说，戏剧也能让他们敞开心扉。戏剧课提供了一个充满支持的环境，没有恶意的评判。你可以保持自己的个性，而且与体育运动不同的是，你无需与任何人竞争)”可知，对于害羞的孩子来说，戏剧能让他们敞开心扉。戏剧课提供了一个充满支持的环境，没有恶意的评判，在这个环境里他们可以保持自己的个性，无需与人竞争。这表明戏剧课为害羞的孩子提供了一个舒适的自我表达的空间。由此推知，根据所举例子，戏剧能给害羞的孩子带来一个舒适的自我表达的空间。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出戏剧课能提升孩子的沟通技巧，接着阐述了戏剧学习通过身体参与促进积极学习，对包括孤独症儿童在内的不同能力的孩子都有益处，还提到戏剧课为害羞的孩子提供了自我表达的舒适空间，最后强调戏剧是帮助年轻人了解自己的最佳方式之一。整体围绕戏剧教育对孩子自我成长方面的积极影响展开。由此可知，选项A“Theater education shapes children’s self-growth(戏剧教育塑造孩子的自我成长)”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·天津·期中）What’s the hottest topic in your country? Whaling is one topic that’s been dividing nations for many years now. By the 1940s, more than 30,000 whales were being caught worldwide every year. Oil from whales lit the lights of major cities in the US and Europe, and whale oil was used to make soaps, paint and even the glaze on photographs. In order to manage the development of the global whaling industry, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) was formed in 1946. However, in 1986, the IWC decided to ban whaling. The biggest concern was the huge decrease in whale populations across the planet. Indeed many people say that it came too late and that commercial (商业的) whaling has already resulted in many animals dying out. According to Greenpeace, sea whales and fin whales are listed as “endangered animals”. But there are many other good reasons to fight against whaling. Whales are very intelligent animals. They have social networks very similar to those of humans. On top of that, whaling is also a cruel (残忍的) industry. Still, some countries continue to hunt whales. Japan hunts more than 1,000 whales a year — all of them are caught as part of a supposed “scientific research” programme run by the Japanese Institute of Cetacean Research. Many people argue that this “research” is nothing more than a front for commercial whaling. The situation was not helped in 2001, when Masayuki Komatsu from the Japanese Fisheries Agency described minke whales (小须鲸) as the “cockroaches (蟑螂) of the sea” in an interview. Many groups have tried to stop the hunts. The Ady Gil (a ship belonging to the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society) was hit by a whaling ship. The Ady Gil later sank. At present, the world is fairly divided on the topic with Iceland, Japan and Norway on the pro-whaling side, and the US, Australia, New Zealand and the EU on the anti-whaling side. Asked recently to give a number between one and ten to show how difficult his job was, Dr Simon Brockington, the chairman of the IWC, said “about a twelve”! 16．What fact is presented in the second paragraph? A．Whale oil was of no use. B．Whaling was once a big industry. C．Few whales were killed by humans. D．The US was the biggest whaling country. 17．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A concern. B．A suggestion. C．The global ban on whaling. D．The endangered animals list. 18．What’s the author’s attitude towards “scientific research” programme? A．Doubtful. B．Satisfied. C．Supportive. D．Uninterested. 19．What can we learn about whaling in Japan in 2001? A．It was widespread. B．It was stopped by the IWC． C．It caused minke whales to die out. D．It turned out to be scientific research. 20．What did Brockington think of anti-whaling? A．It was effective. B．It was not realistic. C．It was dangerous attempt. D．It was difficult to carry out. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在全球范围内实行反捕鲸政策很艰难。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By the 1940s, more than 30,000 whales were being caught worldwide every year. Oil from whales lit the lights of major cities in the US and Europe, and whale oil was used to make soaps, paint and even the glaze on photographs.”(到20世纪40年代，全世界每年有3万多头鲸鱼被捕获。鲸鱼油点亮了美国和欧洲主要城市的灯光，鲸鱼油被用来制作肥皂、油漆甚至是照片上的釉料)”可知，第二段主要呈现了捕鲸曾经是一个大产业这样一个事实。故选B。 17．词句猜测题。根据上文“However, in 1986, the IWC decided to ban whaling. The biggest concern was the huge decrease in whale populations across the planet.(然而，在1986年，国际捕鲸委员会决定禁止捕鲸。最令人担忧的是全球鲸鱼数量的大幅减少)”可知，划线词所在的句子意为“事实上，许多人说这来得太晚了，商业捕鲸已经导致许多动物灭绝。”，由此可推知，it指代上文中提到的“the IWC decided to ban whaling”，即“全球禁止捕鲸”。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Japan hunts more than 1,000 whales a year — all of them are caught as part of a supposed “scientific research” programme run by the Japanese Institute of Cetacean Research. Many people argue that this “research” is nothing more than a front for commercial whaling.(日本每年捕猎 1000 多头鲸鱼——所有这些鲸鱼都是作为日本鲸类研究所开展的所谓“科学研究”计划的一部分而被捕获的。许多人认为，这种“研究”只不过是商业捕鲸的幌子)”可推知，作者对“科学研究”项目持怀疑态度。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The situation was not helped in 2001, when Masayuki Komatsu from the Japanese Fisheries Agency described minke whales (小须鲸) as the “cockroaches (蟑螂) of the sea” in an interview.(2001年，日本水产厅的小松雅幸在一次采访中将小须鲸描述为“大海中的蟑螂”，这种情况也没有得到改善。)”可知，2001 年，日本水产厅的小松雅幸在一次采访中将小须鲸描述为“大海中的蟑螂”，捕鲸情况并没有得到改善，由此可推知，2001年日本的捕鲸活动很普遍。故选A。 20． 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Asked recently to give a number between one and ten to show how difficult his job was, Dr Simon Brockington, the chairman of the IWC, said “about a twelve”!(国际捕鲸委员会主席西蒙·布罗金顿博士最近被要求给出一个1到10之间的数字来说明他的工作有多困难，他说“大约是12”！)”可推知，Dr Simon Brockington认为反捕鲸政策很难实施，故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $