专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期中真题汇编，江苏专用）高一英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——人工智能与科技对人的影响 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省徐州·期中） Passage 1 The market reaction was cruel. On January 27, 2025, when people realized how good DeepSeek’s “V3” and “R1” AI models were, Nvidia(英伟达), a chip company, lost $600 billion in value. Even though DeepSeek’s success worried some investors, it shows that competition and creation can make AI cheaper and more useful. DeepSeek’s models are as good as those from Google and OpenAI but cost much less. Stopped by America from using advanced chips, Chinese companies’ hard work has paid off. The cost of DeepSeek competing with the best has dropped quickly. Within days, DeepSeek became the most downloaded app on iPhones. Sam Altman, the boss of OpenAI, has spent years telling investors they should keep ahead of AI field. However, DeepSeek put their profits at risk. Nvidia was once the world’s most valuable company because people thought the best AI needed very expensive chips. This is why DeepSeek’s success led to a stock(股票)market dropping on January 27th. DeepSeek created more winners than losers. Apple is glad that it did not spend billions on AI projects. It can choose the best models like DeepSeek. However, the real winners will be consumers. For AI to change society, it needs to be cheap, popular and out of the control of any one country or company. DeepSeek’s success makes this possible. Some have begun to doubt that DeepSeek improved by copying American technology. In fact, it is an important new creation, causing more competition in AI field. For years, top U. S. AI labs have been devoted to using advanced chips to improve performance, rather than making models cheaper and faster. But DeepSeek shows there is a better way to improve algorithm(算法)based on common chips. 1. What directly caused Nvidia’s sharp value drop on January 27th? A. Apple’s cooperation with DeepSeek. B. The U. S. government’s restrictions. C. DeepSeek’s powerful and cheaper models. D. Investors’ lack of confidence in AI’s future. 2. What are DeepSeek’s advantages compared to OpenAI’s models? A. More useful and cheaper. B. More advanced and powerful. C. More expensive and smarter. D. More reliable and profitable. 3. What does Apple’s reaction to DeepSeek’s success imply? A. Its plan to copy DeepSeek’s methods. B. Its concern about losing market share. C. Its regret for missing AI investment opportunities. D. Its satisfaction with avoiding expensive AI projects. 4. What can we infer about DeepSeek from the last paragraph? A. Copying American models’ technology. B. Cooperating with global companies to gain the chance. C. Focusing on common chips and creative ways to improve. D. Depending on advanced chips to reach computing power. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省南京市励志高级中学·期中） Zhang Ming, a college student from Shandong, created a 9page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology,” he said. Zhang’s experience is common nowadays. Worldwide, 40 percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014. Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers. The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology, says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information besides from asking older generations. Therefore, in the age of information, it’s possible that children know more than their parents do. According to the China Internet Network Information Center（CINIC）, 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou. In Zhang Ming’s eyes, teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to his parents. “People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out?”said Zhang. 1. According to the passage, Zhang’s parents can’t ________ with the “WeChat guide”. A. make video calls B. send messages C. grab the red envelopes D. take pictures 2. Why does children know more than their parents do nowadays?________. A. Because parents teach the children about almost everything. B. Because children can ask more older generations for help. C. Because parents are getting old. D. Because children can get more information by using new technologies. 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? ________. A. Zhang Ming’s “WeChat guide” is made up of drawings and simple words. B. 40% of parents learn about new technologies from their children all over the world in 2014. C. 56.7% of social media users in China are under 30 according to the CINIC. D. Zhang Ming thinks that we should encourage our parents to use more new technologies. 4. What’s the best title of the passage?________. A. Ways of using new technology B. Kids can also teach parents C. How parents connect to the world D. Ways to get information Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省南京市励志高级中学·期中） On August 20th, 2024, the Chinese gaming industry reached a milestone with the global release of Black Myth: Wukong, a new AAA action role-playing game developed by Game Science. Within hours of launch, it topped Steam’s most-played single-player list, gaining significant attention on social media. Black Myth: Wukong draws on Chinese mythologies(神话)and the classic novel Journey to the West. It allows players to take up the role of Sun Wukong and start grand adventures. Inspired by Stephen Chow’s A Chinese Odyssey, the game creates a vivid dream world with Chinese scenery, like distant mountains, wild roads and ancient temples. The various demons, gods, and other figures with Chinese-style designs in the game are based on The Classic of Mountains and Seas, breathing new life into the ancient tales of Chinese mythology. Feng Ji, Game Science founder and CEO, stressed that the game was created entirely by a Chinese team to bring Chinese stories to the global gaming stage. He said, “The storyline and creative ideas always take the lead, perfectly integrating(融合)Chinese stories and classical cultural features into the game.” He believed that a game’s true value is not decided by its cost or visuals, but by the real enjoyment it offers players. According to the Xinhua News Agency, to create a truly immersive(沉浸式的)and world-class game, the game’s production team spent years traveling across China, scanning historical and cultural sites, and combining them with every game scenes. The game features 36 locations thoroughly modeled after real-world sites, with 27 of them located in Shanxi Province, China, offering players a unique and immersive visual experience. The game has increased interest in Shanxi’s cultural heritage. On its launch day the search for Shanxi tourism went up by over 10%. Bookings for trips to Shanxi have doubled since July, and the number of tourists to Shanxi has grown by 50%. Shanxi has rich tourism resources but lacks recognition both at home and abroad. The game has presented Shanxi’s cultural relics in a pleasing and effective way, arousing people’s interest in the province’s culture and travel. 1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the game? A. Its design basis. B. Its wide popularity. C. Its target players. D. Its cultural significance. 2. What is the key to making a truly valuable game according to Feng Ji? A. Creating high profits for the game company. B. Uniting Chinese stories with artistic concepts. C. Designing impressive characters and visual effects. D. Providing a satisfying experience for players. 3. Which of the following words can best describe the game’s production team? A. Ambitious and thoughtful. B. Confident and productive. C. Devoted and high-standard. D. Experienced and imaginative. 4. How does the game benefit Shanxi Province? A. By promoting its cultural tourism. B. By improving its international role. C. By calling for the protection of its heritage. D. By bringing in money to its game industry. 主题02 人与自我——食物与饮料，情绪与疾病 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省连云港高级中学·期中） It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram(一款照片分享的应用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat. Ryan Elder and Jeff Larson of Brigham Young University asked 232 people to look at photos of food and rate them. They divided the participants into two groups — one group looked at 60 photos of sweet foods, while the other examined 60photos of salty foods. Participants arranged each photo in order of how attractive the food looked. Afterward both groups enjoyed some salted peanuts(花生). The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at sweet foods, even though no one saw photos of peanuts. “If you want to enjoy your meal, avoid looking at too many pictures of food,” Larson said. “Even I felt a little sick after looking at all the sweet pictures we had.” The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation(感觉)of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw. “In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom — you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.” But there is some good news: People need to look at a lot of food photos to experience sensory boredom. So if you want to enjoy your next brunch, play it safe and stay away from your foodie friend’s photo albums. 1. What did the researchers do in the experiment? A. They showed peanut pictures to participants. B. They chose 232 participants who enjoy eating. C. They asked participants to have salted peanuts. D. They reminded participants to avoid sweet food. 2. What happened to the participants in the salty group? A. They enjoyed the peanuts less. B. They enjoyed their meals more. C. They dared not rate the pictures. D. They compared food with others. 3. Which of the following shows “sensory boredom”? A. Lose sense of taste when tired. B. Get bored with a meal after shooting it. C. Enjoy meals less after seeing many food pictures. D. Eat more than before when the food tastes delicious. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. What makes food taste less delicious B. Why Instagram reduces desire for food C. How we can stay away from Instagram D. What causes people to enjoy salty foods Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省镇江中学·期中） ADHD is a complex disorder that goes far beyond the stereotypical image(刻板印象)of an overactive child unable to sit still in class. It’s a lifelong condition that affects both children and adults, impacting various aspects of daily life. While its core involves impaired(受损的)mental processes like planning, focusing, and multitasking, an equally critical yet less recognized challenge is emotional dysregulation(失调)—the difficulty in managing and relieving one’s emotional responses, which profoundly impacts work, relationships, and self-esteem. The emotional experience of ADHD is often described as a rollercoaster, characterized by extreme highs and lows that can change rapidly and unpredictably. During the “highs,” individuals may feel an intense surge of energy, creativity, and enthusiasm. They might embark on new projects with uncontrolled optimism, feeling unbeatable and capable of conquering the world. This state of hyper-focus and excitement can be incredibly productive, leading to bursts of creativity and accomplishment. However, these peaks are often followed by equally intense “lows”. The drop into this emotional low can be sudden and confusing. Feelings of disappointment, frustration, and self-doubt may overwhelm the individual, leading to a sense of paralysis or hopelessness. These lows can be caused by various factors, including perceived failures, criticism, or simply the natural decline of the initial excitement. The impact of these emotional fluctuations on daily life and relationships can be profound. At work, the highs might lead to bursts of productivity, while the lows can result in missed deadlines and underperformance. In personal relationships, the intensity of emotions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. Partners, friends, and family members may struggle to keep up with the rapid mood changes, leading to strain in these relationships. Understanding what ADHD feels like is an ongoing process, not just for those who have it, but for society as a whole. By fostering greater awareness and empathy(共鸣), we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with ADHD to thrive in all aspects of their lives. 1. What is the “rollercoaster” used to illustrate? A. The thrill-seeking nature of ADHD patients. B. The fast shifts between emotional extremes. C. The physical restlessness in classroom settings. D. The medical treatment process for ADHD. 2. What does the underlined word “fluctuations” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Extension. B. Duration. C. Changes. D. Decreases. 3. What does the author advise people to do to help those with ADHD? A. To develop stricter behavioral guidelines. B. To promote medication as the primary solution. C. To focus more research on childhood symptoms. D. To show them more understanding and support. 4. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A personal blog. B. A book review. C. A Philosophy book. D. A Mental Health website. 主题02 人与自然——自然灾害，动物，自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏常州·期中） A storm surge(风暴潮)is a raised sea brought by tropical cyclones(热带气旋), also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore(岸), often causing flooding. A storm surge is mainly caused by the relationship between the winds and the ocean’s surface. The water rises where the winds are strongest. In addition, water is pushed in the direction the winds are blowing. The rotation(自转)of the Earth causes winds to move toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere(半球)and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm. In the Southern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the left-forward part. Atmospheric pressure(气压)also plays a key role. In a cyclone the central pressure is lower than at its edges(边缘). This pushes down the water in the outer parts of the storm, causing the water to rise in the center. More factors contribute to the strength of a storm surge as it comes to the coast. The water can reach as high as 10 meters if the storm surge happens at the same time as high tide. The coast’s slope(坡度)matters too: shallow coasts flood more easily. The storm surges are a serious danger for coastal areas. They typically form in late summer when ocean temperatures are highest, providing the energy needed for cyclone development. Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Hurricane Katrina in the U.S. claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola Cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths. Today, improvements in forecasting(预报)and warning help reduce damage done by a storm surge. Information about surges like speeds, heights and paths are provided, allowing communities to prepare and leave. Coastal communities can protect themselves against storm surges by protecting local wetlands, which can take in the water and the energy of storm surges. But unfortunately they have made way for the city development. 1. What is a main cause of storm surges? A. Heavy rainfall during cyclones. B. Earth’s rotation redirecting the winds. C. Sudden rises of central pressure. D. Strong winds pushing seawater ashore. 2. Where is a storm surge the largest in the Northern Hemisphere? A. Center of the cyclone. B. Coastal areas with wetlands. C. Right-forward part of the storm. D. Left-forward part of the cyclone. 3. Why does the text mention Hurricane Katrina and Bhola Cyclone? A. To show the increased cyclone frequency. B. To stress the damaging effects of storm surges. C. To explain the economic benefits of wetlands. D. To compare storm surges in two hemispheres. 4. What will the passage probably talk about next? A. Strategies to fix coastal wetlands. B. Methods to forecast cyclone paths. C. Case studies of recent storm surges. D. Climate change’s impact on cyclones. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏盐城东台市·期中） We take our speech abilities for granted. Most people do not stop to think of how other animals and insects communicate with each other. Ants are amazing creatures that have a tireless work pattern and different social classes. To achieve this, they must have some ways of communicating with each other. Obviously, ants do not speak as we do, so how do they communicate? Ants communicate by giving off pheromones(信息素)marks that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it and by touching their antennae(触角)to feel and smell each other. The best example that we can see very clearly is that ants find food sources and drop pheromones on their ways. By using their antennae to find pheromones marks and following a thorough pattern with one antenna on either side of the path, they can keep themselves on track. This allows other ants to follow the pheromones. The result of these pheromone marks is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food. The queen uses pheromones to signal. As the queen ages, she gives off pheromones that tell ant residents that she is dying. They begin feeding and preparing a pupa(蛹)to be the new queen. When ants greet each other with their antennae, they can tell whether the ants they meet are foes and prepare for what comes later, which might bring them an advantage or even a victory. Scientists are still trying to recognize which pheromones share this information. Ants also give off pheromones that identify the nest they belong to, and their social status. The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form shared memories and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators. 1. How could ants communicate according to the text? A. By attracting ants peers through sounds. B. By sending alarm signals to the queen. C. By tracking pheromones with antennae. D. By keeping themselves on the track. 2. What is the function of the pheromone marks? A. To spot the queen in the ant community. B. To help other ants find food sources. C. To keep the orders of the ant community. D. To enable ants to communicate with humans. 3. Which can probably replace the underlined word “foes” in paragraph 3? A. Enemies. B. Advantages. C. Residents. D. Friends. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Ants have no shared memories. B. Ants’ alarm-sounding ability is unique. C. Researchers have recognized the types of pheromones. D. More secrets on ants’ communication remain unknown. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏连云港市灌南县·期中） In a number of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems. Researchers have discovered that one of the factors(因素)behind this process may be persistence(坚持). It includes reinforcement, the rule that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more often. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus are less likely to be affected by extinction, which would make them better problem solvers. In this recent study, the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat(reinforcement). Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was. The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to get the treat hiding under each one. After the series(一系列)of rewarded experiments, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones. In the social learning task, the trained dogs stared at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By listing a fact. B. By raising a doubt. C. By making a comparison. D. By showing a conclusion. 2. Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”? A. Chaining a dog up while walking it every day. B. Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up. C. Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out. D. Shouting at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse. 3. How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment? A. They are better at helping their friends. B. They can grow stronger than untrained dogs. C. They are more likely to live longer. D. Their newly learned behaviors last longer. 4. Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. How to Pick out a Suitable Pet Dog B. Why Persistent Dogs Make Better Pets C. Why Trained Dogs Solve Problems Better D. How Researchers Carry out Animal Experiments Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省宿迁市青华中学·期中） Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will mess up your house, destroy your belongings, bark extremely, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that turn out at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to what is acceptable. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train(驯服)it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the base for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to set up the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to create yourself top dog or leader of the dog pack(群)by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate(从属的)role by teaching it to show obedience to you. Most pet dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to ________. A. happen when they go wild B. get worse in modern society C. be just part of their nature D. present a danger to human beings 2. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is ________. A. sure to solve all the dog’s behavior problems B. a good way to teach the dog new tricks C. the base for dogs to perform tasks D. an extreme measure in obedience training 3. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A. To avoid being punished. B. To show their feeling for their masters. C. To win leadership of the dog pack. D. To show their willingness to obey. 4. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______. A. can give the dog more rewards B. will enjoy a better family life C. will have more confidence in himself D. can give the dog more freedom Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省无锡市一中·期中） Each fall, the California coast welcomes large numbers of North America’s monarch butterflies(黑脉金斑蝶). In the past, millions of the brightly colored insects gathered in groups of California trees to spend the winter. But over the last few decades, the number of these monarchs has fallen sharply. Poisoning may partly explain this loss, a new study finds. People use pesticides(杀虫剂)to kill off different types of pests and weeds(害虫和杂草).Pesticides can also poison non-pests. Scientists had worried that such pollutants might be harming monarchs. But no one knew how much risk these insects faced. To find out, a team of scientists focused on California’s Central Valley. It’s home to cities,towns and natural areas; it is also an important place for the monarchs to give birth. The researchers sampled(取样)more than 200 milkweed plants across the valley, which monarch caterpillars(幼虫)only feed on. They recognized 64 different pesticides on their samples. The average plant contained nine. Some had as many as 25. Nearly one in every three of the plants had pesticide levels known to be deadly to monarchs. “We were surprised that we found pesticides in all of the samples,” says Sarah Hoyle, a pesticide expert. “Everywhere we looked — home gardens, parks, agricultural lands, wildlife reserves — pesticides were present.” The highest levels of pesticides were found on milkweeds for sale at garden stores. Garden stores want their plants to look attractive, Hoyle notes, and “one way to help with this is to use chemicals.” But people who buy milkweed plants often don’t know they have been treated with pesticides. Of course, pesticides are unlikely to be the only cause for the monarchs’ decrease, Hoyle notes. Both habitat(栖息地)loss and climate change also could present risks. However, the new findings point to the need for stronger action to limit pesticide pollution, Hoyle argues. Many people are planting milkweed plants to feed monarch caterpillars. It now appears necessary to ask garden stores if their plants were grown without the use of long-lasting pesticides, she says. That way your gardens can host milkweeds without accidentally harming monarch caterpillars. 1. What should be responsible for the monarchs’ decrease according to the study? A. The use of chemicals. B. Extreme weather. C. Wildfires in California. D. Reduction of food resources. 2. What do we know about milkweed plants? A. They mainly grow in the valleys of California. B. They play a key role in the life circle of monarchs. C. They are very popular with people who love gardening. D. They are used by researchers to feed monarch caterpillars. 3. Which milkweeds may have the most harmful effects on monarchs? A. Those in parks. B. Those at garden stores. C. Those in wildlife reserves D. Those on agricultural lands. 4. What is Sarah Hoyle’s advice for people? A. Not using pesticides in their fields. B. Planting more flowers in their gardens. C. Not buying milk weeds from garden stores. D. Managing to grow pesticide-free milkweeds. Passage 6 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省海门中学·期中） Singapore’s Gardens by the Bay stands as a shining example of the nation’s promise to bring nature into city living. This groundbreaking project, built in 2012, shows how creative design and green living can appear at the same time in a busy central city. The project covers 101 hectares of recovered land and features three waterfront gardens: Bay South, Bay East, and Bay Central. The centerpiece, Bay South, is home to the famous Supertree Grove, a collection of gardens that reach heights of up to 50 metres. These Supertrees not only serve as sightseeing wonders but also play an important role in the park’s sustainable ecosystem(可持续生态系统)by collecting rainwater, producing solar energy, and providing living areas for local high land wildlife. Besides, the Cloud Forest is a wonderful glass dome(圆顶)that houses a 35-metre-tall mountain covered with plants and an eye-catching indoor waterfall. Visitors can start a journey through the forest, learning about the local biodiversity(生物多样性). As Gardens by the Bay continues to grow, there are exciting plans for development in the works. Future projects may include new garden exhibits, interactive equipment, and better sustainability ways. The gardens aim to remain at the leading position of creative green spaces, inspiring visitors with new experiences and educational chances. One wisdom from the project is the importance of teamwork between various groups of people. The Singapore government worked closely with builders, engineers, and environmentalists to ensure that the design was not only attractive but also ecologically sound. The method drove the application of modern technologies, which allow for the plantation of various plants from different climates. The gardens utilize rainwater gathering, solar energy, and natural airing to reduce energy and water usage. Moreover, the project stresses the value of public partnership. It also encourages visitors to connect with nature and understand the importance of biodiversity. This has led to increased community cooperation and a greater love for the environment. 1. What does the Gardens by the Bay project show? A. How city planners can use modern technology. B. How Singapore includes green living into a city. C. How citizens grow more plants in limited space. D. How Singapore spreads its city planning experience. 2. What is a function of the Supertree Grove? A. It is home to the waterfront gardens. B. It supports the park sustainability. C. It houses a mountain covered with plants. D. It shows the high land’s biodiversity. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The project’s general features. B. The project’s basic facilities. C. The project’s important experience. D. The project’s future development. 4. What does the underlined word “utilize” in the last paragraph mean? A. Give way to. B. Keep track of. C. Pay attention to. D. Take advantage of. 主题01 人与社会——人工智能与互联网 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏苏州·期中） There’s a cat-and-mouse game between those using generative(生成的)AI chatbots to produce text undiscovered and those trying to catch them. Many believe the telltale signs do exist, but they don’t know exactly what the differences are. Researchers at four U. S. universities, however, have taken a better approach, identifying linguistic(语言学的)fingerprints that reveal which large language model(LLM)produced a given text. “All these chatbots are coming out every day, and we interact with them, but we don’t really understand the differences between them,” says Mingjie Sun, a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University and lead author of the study. “By training a machine learning classifier(分类器)to do this task, and by looking at the performance of that classifier, we can then tell the difference between different LLMs.” Sun and his colleagues developed a machine learning model that analyzed the outputs of five popular LLMs, and was able to tell them apart with 97.1% accuracy(精确性). Their machine learning model uncovered distinct speech patterns unique to each LLM. ChatGPT’s GPT — 4 model, for instance, tends to use “utilize” more than other models. DeepSeek is partial to saying “certainly”. Google’s Gemini often begins its conclusions with the word “essentially”, while Anthropic’s Claude overuses phrases like “according to” and “according to the text” when referring to its sources. xAI’s Grok stands out as more talkative, often reminding users to “remember” key points while guiding them through arguments with “not only” and “but also”. “The writing and the word choices are different,” says Yida Yin, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and a coauthor of the paper. These findings can assist users in selecting the best model for specific writing tasks — or aid those trying to catch AI-generated text pretending to be human work. So, remember: according to this study, if a model uses certain words, it’s certainly possible to identify it. 1. What is the purpose of the study? A. To improve different LLMs. B. To produce undiscovered AI texts. C. To tell different LLMs apart. D. To identify which LLM is better. 2. What tool did the researchers use to conduct the study? A. A machine learning classifier. B. Linguistic fingerprints. C. Five popular LLMs. D. AI chatbots. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Potential application of the research findings. B. Further explanation of the research methods. C. Detailed description of the research process. D. Supportive examples of the research results. 4. In what aspect might users benefit from these findings? A. Model selection. B. Text production. C. Model building. D. Text writing. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏宿迁市沭阳县·期中） Imagine a world where technology helps doctors see diseases earlier, develop treatments faster, and care for patients more personally. That’s the promise of Artificial Intelligence, or AI, in healthcare. AI’s first big role is in diagnosis. Think of it like a super-smart assistant for doctors. In skin cancer checks, AI algorithms(算法)can analyze skin images and spot melanoma — a dangerous skin cancer — with surprising accuracy. It can even notice tiny details that human eyes might miss. Similarly, when looking at X-rays or MRI scans, AI can quickly highlight areas that need a doctor’s attention, helping catch illnesses like cancer or heart disease sooner. Beyond diagnosis, AI speeds up drug development. By simulating molecular interactions, AI recognizes potential drug candidates faster and cheaper than traditional methods. This breakthrough could lead to lifesaving treatments for conditions like Alzheimer’s and cancer. Wearable devices, like smartwatches, are getting smarter thanks to AI. They can track your heart rate, sleep, and even stress levels. If something unusual is detected, like an irregular heartbeat, the device can send a warning, which lets you and your doctor act fast. AI can also help create treatment plans tailored just for you by considering your health history, lifestyle, and even genetics. While AI is powerful, it’s not perfect. It needs lots of data to learn, and if that data is biased — for example, mostly from one group of people — it might not work well for everyone. Furthermore, ethical dilemmas also arise. While AI improves decision-making, it cannot take the place of human empathy(同理心). Doctors can listen, empathize, and make complex decisions. Their intuition and patient communication remain irreplaceable. Striking a balance between AI efficiency and human touch is significant. So AI isn’t here to replace doctors or nurses. Instead, it’s a tool to help them provide better, faster, and more personalized care. As AI technology grows, so will our ability to rise to health challenges and improve lives. The future of healthcare isn’t just about machines — it’s about how we use them to work better together. 1. What is a key advantage of AI in diagnosis? A. It reduces the cost of MRI scans. B. It can replace radiologists completely. C. It speeds up hospital check-in processes. D. It detects illnesses missed by human doctors. 2. What can be inferred about AI’s impact on healthcare? A. AI-powered wearable device can treat heart diseases. B. AI algorithms can only be used in skin cancer checks. C. AI will cause people’s need for hospitals to disappear. D. AI’s speeding up drug discovery might lead to breakthroughs. 3. Why might AI fail to work equally well for all patients? A. Because it lacks human empathy. B. Because it may learn from biased data. C. Because it can’t replace the human touch. D. Because it can’t improve human decisions. 4. What is the best title of this article? A. The Promise of AI: Serving as a Powerful Tool B. AI in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges C. The Future of Healthcare: Replacing Doctors with AI D. AI in Healthcare: Revolutionizing Diagnosis and Treatment Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏淮安市淮安区·期中） It is a popular viewpoint that time spent online is bad for our health because surfing the Internet or checking our phones sometimes takes us away from activities which are considered healthier, such as playing sports or socializing. As the digital economy develops, such behavior is often linked to reduced well-being. However, a new global study has found a surprising answer: The Internet might be good for you. The University of Oxford researchers studied data on the psychological(心理的)well-being of over 2 million people across 168 countries between 2006 and 2021. They looked at 8 indicators(标志)of well-being among the individuals, who were aged 15 to 99, including life satisfaction, daily negative and positive experiences and physical health. The researchers applied well-being indicators to test the relationship between Internet use and well-being outcomes. They found that Internet access was related to positive well-being among some people. Despite the study’s overall positive findings, however, the link between Internet access and positive well-being was fainter for young women. While some links between Internet connectivity and well-being were positive, some links were negative — with the most observed among women aged 15 to 24 years old. The researchers state that many studies have shown social media use to be connected with greater depression, especially among young women. A systematic review of research into the topic found higher levels of social media use were connected with worse mental health outcomes, and higher levels of social media use were connected with an increased risk of internalizing and externalizing difficulties among youths, especially females. The same report also noted that the impacts of social media on mental health are complex(复杂的), as different goals are served by different behaviors, and different outcomes are produced by different patterns of use. All in all, social media use offers both benefits and risks to the health of young people, so particularly, teenage students should treat it properly. 1. What did the University of Oxford researchers study? A. The influence of social media on physical health. B. The mental health of people in different countries. C. The effects of outdoor activities on physical health. D. The relationship between Internet use and mental health. 2. What does the underlined word “fainter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Weaker. B. Closer. C. More obvious. D. More complex. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The benefits of social media for women. B. The effects of social media on youths. C. The increased risks of human socialization. D. The difficulties of research on human connection. 4. Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A. Sport and health. B. Economy and life. C. Technology and society. D. Philosophy and psychology. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·江苏连云港市赣榆区·期中） The mobile game Tower of Fantasy, developed by the Beijing-based movie and gaming company Perfect World, became an overseas hit last year. It was the No.1 free Internet download app in more than 40 countries and regions and ranked(排名)among the top 10 bestsellers in more than 30 countries and regions. Its content, characters and scenery are all related to Chinese stories. Such commercial success will bring more opportunities for game players worldwide to experience Chinese culture, says Xiao Hong, CEO of Perfect World. “It is important to learn how to use the Internet as a carrier to encourage experience exchanges at home and abroad and spread Chinese culture all over the world.” Xiao says. William Brown, an American professor at Xiamen University, says the Internet has changed people’s lives, and its greatest potential lies in helping people bridge the gaps between people and countries. “However, the spread of misinformation has become a serious issue. Fake news can quickly go viral, influencing public opinion and causing confusion.” Brown says. Many foreign students use convenient Internet communication tools to contact their family during their stay in China, and carry out academic(学术的)exchanges with scholars across the world. “The Internet not only provides an excellent platform(平台)for us to understand China, but also offers us more chances to tell the stories of international students in China to the rest of the world and the stories of Central Asia to China,” Bayram, a Turkmenian student, says. He also added that as the Internet continues to develop, China will undoubtedly become a key player and contribute to the shaping of an increasingly digital world. 1. What can we learn about the game Tower of Fantasy? A. It is a paid app overseas. B. It is related to Chinese culture. C. It tops the rank list worldwide. D. It is developed by a foreign company. 2. What does Xiao Hong stress? A. The plan to make Chinese games popular overseas. B. The need to develop more mobile games with Chinese elements. C. The challenge of competing with other gaming companies globally. D. The importance of promoting cultural exchanges through the Internet. 3. What does the underlined phrase “go viral” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Prove wrong. B. Spread quickly. C. Remain unnoticed. D. Disappear gradually 4. What benefits does the Internet brings to foreign students in China? A. It offers a platform to learn cultures and share stories. B. It allows family members to communicate face to face. C. It ensures China’s role in developing digital technology. D. It serves as a tool for academic research and data collection. 主题01 人与社会——科学研究新发现 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏苏州·期中） A few years back, you started a vacation with friends, creating treasured memories of beach walks, ocean swims, and amazing sunsets. However, the trip had its share of challenges: long drives, food concerns, and unpredictable weather. Over time, you find yourself recalling the pleasant moments while the inconveniences disappear gradually. This is known as rosy retrospection(回忆), a cognitive bias(认知偏见)where we remember past events more positively than they actually were. This phenomenon results from how our brains work to form memories. When recalling events, our brains tend to focus more on the positive aspects and put less emphasis on the negative ones. This selective memory helps maintain emotional well-being by allowing us to remove discomfort from past experiences. Nostalgia(怀旧)also plays a significant role by awakening feelings of warmth and belonging, leading to a more positive view of the past. Furthermore, our current emotional state and self-advancement bias can influence how we remember past events, making them seem more favorable. For instance, if we are feeling down, we might recall happier times to better our mood. While rosy retrospection can uplift our moods, increase life satisfaction, and aid in coping with difficult situations by providing a sense of continuity and positive self-identity, it can also create an unrealistic view of the past, leading to decisions based on idealized memories rather than reality. This is one reason why we might repeatedly return to unhealthy relationships. The longer time passes since an event, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad, and perhaps even forgive unforgivable behavior. Realizing and understanding this cognitive bias is important for making right and beneficial decisions. This awareness can help us avoid falling into the trap of idealizing the past so that we can learn from our experiences without being misled by the overly positive lens(透镜)of rosy retrospection. 1. How do people with rosy retrospection typically behave? A. They share challenges of trips happily. B. They view previous experiences positively. C. They recall the pleasant moments with bias. D. They create treasured vacation memories with ease. 2. How many factors contribute to the phenomenon of rosy retrospection? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A. The potential risks of rosy retrospection. B. The positive effects of rosy retrospection. C. The necessity of focusing on positive experiences. D. The benefits of returning to unhealthy relationships. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection? A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Unconcerned. D. Balanced. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏南通·期中） Debra Dolan has mailed postcards to herself for over 40 years, viewing them as snapshots(快照)not only of the time and place but also of who she was at that moment. She also enjoys sending postcards to friends and exchanging notes with her newspaper carrier. “I have learned more about myself from those cards.” Dolan said. “It is such a personal experience. Reading them back — all the joys and challenges of my life — brings me such pleasure.” While some people like Dolan still enjoy writing on postcards, letter-writing seems to be becoming a lost art. Letter mail per address(letters, postcards, cards, etc.), has fallen from an average of 246 pieces of letter mail per Canadian household in 2014 to 124 pieces of letter mail per household in 2023. This mirrors global postal services struggling against Internet-based tools. Meanwhile, handwriting teaching in Canadian schools has been given less attention, leaving some youths unable to sign their names. That’s something Elena Woo. 41, in Toronto, is hoping to change. Woo is the producer and editor of Young W, an online shop that encourages what she calls an analogue(模拟的)lifestyle. including letter-writing, art and other beautiful things in life. She is determined to promote letter-writing besides digital communication. “Letters offer a choice beyond screens,” she argues, stressing that compared to quick messages, handwritten words hold more emotional weight and bring people closer. “The medium is the message.” Woo adds. pointing out how letter writing benefits both the sender and recipient(收件人)through thoughtful self-expression. As technology advances, writing by hand holds special value — a bridge between past and present, and an effective balance to digital exchanges. Whether through postcards or holiday notes, these items carry more personal meaning no digital technology can match. There’s nothing better than opening a mailbox to find a letter waiting. Like Debra Dolan’s 40-year postcard collection, this practice creates good memories that stand the test of time. 1. What does Debra Dolan mainly consider her postcards as? A. A recollection of her personal life. B. A regular activity for relaxation. C. A method for contacting friends. D. A form of her creative expression. 2. What change is happening in Canadian society? A. Growing loneliness in the digital age. B. A sharp fall in handwritten communication. C. Tough competition between postal services. D. A rising need for traditional writing materials. 3. Why does Elena Woo support letter-writing? A. It inspires a slow lifestyle. B. It encourages an artistic interest. C. It creates beautiful memories. D. It improves emotional connections. 4. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Appreciating the joy of gift-giving. B. Advancing digital communicating. C. Treasuring handwritten messages. D. Building more personal mailboxes. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏扬州市邗江区·期中） Imagine you’re purchasing a lottery ticket, and your heart races as you check the numbers. To your amazement, you’ve matched five out of six! What will you do next? Will you buy another ticket? For most people, the answer is a big “Yes”. When we come close to achieving a goal, we often gain a powerful energy that can drive us toward future success. Monica Wadhwa, a marketing professor at Temple University, suggests that not winning can actually motivate us more than winning itself. In her studies, Wadhwa conducted various experiments to test this concept. In one experiment, participants played a cellphone game with the task of revealing eight diamonds. After the game, those who nearly won — by getting seven diamonds — walked faster to claim their reward than both winners and losers. “Their motivation is getting intensified(加强), but then they miss it ... So what happens to this motivation? It hooks on, giving you the energy for the next goal that you have.” Wadhwa explains, “As for the winners, they inch toward their goal, they achieve it, and their motivation is satisfied, which leaves them with no need to fight for anything else.” However, this fire in your belly should be used wisely. Such motivation can push you toward significant goals, or be wasted on distractions. In another experiment at a fashion-accessory store where shoppers were given scratch-off lottery tickets, the near-winners shopped more and spent more than both winners and losers. To harness(利用)this energy, Wadhwa advises setting goals that are slightly beyond our reach. She encourages managers to establish challenging yet achievable targets for their teams. Additionally, she recommends that parents highlight how close their children came to winning when they experience losses, fostering resilience and motivation. By understanding the unique power of nearly winning, we can turn setbacks into stepping stones for future success. As Wadhwa puts it. “Winners really do not take it all.” 1. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To stress the importance of winning. B. To display harmful effects of the lottery. C. To explain the rules of playing the lottery. D. To illustrate the excitement of nearly winning. 2. According to Wadhwa, what motivated the near-winners to act faster? A. The eagerness to win another game. B. The unmet ambitions for winning games. C. The dissatisfaction of not achieving goals. D. The need for immediate recognition or rewards. 3. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A. Feeling energized does not always ensure success. B. You should not let your emotions guide your actions. C. Motivation can lead to unwise choices if not controlled. D. Having strong ambitions always leads to acting carelessly. 4. Which statement might Wadhwa agree most? A. Parents should take their children’s losses seriously. B. Managers should assign more tasks to star performers. C. Encouraging children to fight for perfection is essential. D. Setting slightly challenging goals can enhance motivation. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·江苏扬州高邮市·期中） We don’t expect everyone to sing like Adele. But we all know people who struggle to match and figure out musical pitch(音高). They’re usually named “tone-deaf”. So is tone deafness a real condition? And if so, why are some people tone-deaf? In short, yes, tone deafness is a disorder related to the nervous system, which is called amusia. However, not everyone who lacks musical skills has this condition, which affects about 4% of the population. For the majority of sufferers, it’s passed from their parents. Some people can develop amusia later in life, usually as a consequence of having serious brain damage. One of the main consequences of having amusia is that you are likely to struggle with recognizing music you have heard before, without the help of song words. But amusia differs from person to person, and so do the experiences of amusic people. The most common form of amusia is pitch-based. Many amusics lack pitch understanding, so the difference in pitch—the pitch interval(音程)— needs to be much bigger before they can feel it. Despite that, musically challenged people are able to process and recognize common environmental sounds, human voices and the musical quality of speech, possibly because speech uses larger pitch intervals to express related information. In contrast, melodies use mostly smaller ones. While some individuals with amusia are fully aware they have it, others can live for their whole lives without knowing about their condition. This is because tone deafness can show itself in different ways, and its seriousness is different from one person to another. Some people may have accidentally developed techniques to make up for their condition by relying on other signs, which can hide their inability to notice pitch accurately. Brain imaging shows that amusic brains receive and respond to pitch information, but it does not reach conscious awareness. The nerve cells in them fire in response to pitch differences that the person can’t recognize. Maybe if scientists could develop training methods that could control that unconscious response, we could find a way to solve it. 1. What do we know about amusic people? A. Most of them are born with the condition. B. Most of them hide the condition in real life. C. They may suffer brain damage in old age. D. They are people with rich musical skills. 2. What does the underlined word “ones” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Pitch intervals. B. Musical instruments. C. Human voices. D. Environmental sounds. 3. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The influences tone deafness has on people’s daily life. B. Different signs that indicate the condition of tone deafness. C. Reasons why people are unaware of their tone deafness. D. The skills people use to make up for their tone deafness. 4. What does brain imaging show about amusic brains? A. They aren’t able to notice any pitch differences. B. They have some abnormal activities in nerve cells. C. They can’t receive or react to pitch information. D. They fail to consciously process pitch information. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·江苏宿迁市泗阳县·期中） A free online platform that allows speakers to practise in front of thousands of virtual audience has been released to help with the anxiety many feel when presenting to an audience. Dr Chris Macdonald, the founder of the Immersive Technology Lab at Cambridge University and who created the online platform, said the approach was an attempt to reduce the lengthy(冗长的)waits or high costs people often face when seeking help. “Most people have some form of speech anxiety but very, very few people are accessing the treatment.So what I was trying to do with this project is fix those barriers,” he said. The Virtual Reality Public Speaking platform employs exposure therapy(曝光疗法)— the idea that facing fears can help reduce them —combined with breathing exercises and eye movements that help slow the heart rate and stop the fear response. People using the technology can practise speaking in various virtual reality(VR）settings, from an empty classroom or small audiences of photorealistic(照片写实主义的)figures that yawn and scratch, to a stadium of 10,000 spectators,with the option to add distractions(分心的事物)such as flashing cameras and loud noises. Macdonald said the latter was an example of “overexposure therapy”. “The idea behind it is that this will give them extra resilience(耐力)and adaptability — you can think of it like the psychological equivalent of training with weights or running with weights or at high altitudes,” he said, adding that the hope was that afterwards presenting to a smaller real life audience would feel like a “step down” by comparison. Macdonald said the platform — which combines learning materials, feedback mechanisms and scenarios(情景)  such as job interviews — works on both Android and iOS operating systems and can be accessed through a laptop or VR headset or via a smartphone that can be inserted(嵌入)into a cheap mount. A recent study published by Macdonald in the journal Frontiers in Virtual Reality suggests the platform could be beneficial. Dr Matte o Cella, a psychologist and leader of the virtual reality lab at King’s College London, who was not involved in the work, said the platform built on the concepts of traditional exposure therapy, making it more accessible and easy to carry out. But Cella said there was a potential risk overexposure could strengthen people’s avoidance of public speaking, and that randomised(随机的)control trials were needed to evaluate the system, noting the published work did not offer many insights on its effect. 1. What’s the purpose of the online platform? A. To cut short people’s long waits. B. To handle problems in people’s daily life. C. To help people catch up with VR technology. D. To help people solve public speaking anxiety. 2. What aspect is mentioned about the platform in the second paragraph? A. Working principle. B. Practical applications. C. Background information. D. Operating instructions. 3. What’s Cella’s attitude towards the platform? A. Appreciative. B. Indifferent. C. Objective. D. Negative. 4. What can be the best title of the passage? A. The VR online platform:a secret to enjoying your life. B. The benefits of a VR online platform are in store for you. C. The founder of a VR online platform rids you of your stress. D. The VR online platform:a relief from public speaking anxiety. Passage 6 （24-25学年高一下·江苏徐州市铜山区·期中） In recent years, a new and exciting technology has emerged — quantum dots. These are tiny semiconductor particles, only a few nanometers in size. To put it into perspective, a human hair is about 80,000 nanometers thick, while quantum dots are typically between 2 to 10 nanometers. Their small size gives them unique optical and electronic properties, making them a hot topic in scientific research. Scientists have made remarkable findings about quantum dots. Research shows that quantum dots can emit light of different colors depending on their size. Smaller quantum dots emit blue light, while larger ones emit red light. This property is due to the quantum confinement effect. When electrons are confined in such a small space as a quantum dot, their energy levels become discrete, and the energy difference between these levels determines the wavelength of the emitted light. This discovery has opened up new possibilities in many fields. The methods used to study quantum dots are rather sophisticated, which need proper environment, strict conditions and various techniques. One common technique is chemical synthesis(合成). Scientists create quantum dots in a controlled chemical environment. For example, they use organic solvents(溶剂)and precursor materials. By precisely controlling the reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time, and the concentration of reactants, they can produce quantum dots with consistent sizes and properties. After synthesis, various characterization techniques are employed. Electron microscopy is used to observe the size and shape of the quantum dots, while spectroscopy helps to analyze their optical properties. The applications of quantum dots are extensive. In the field of display technology, quantum dots are used to enhance the color accuracy and brightness of TVs and monitors. Quantum dot displays can produce a wider range of colors compared to traditional displays, providing viewers with a more vivid visual experience. In the medical field, they are used as fluorescent labels in biological imaging. Quantum dots can be attached to specific molecules in the body, and when illuminated with light, they emit fluorescence, allowing doctors to observe biological processes at a cellular level more clearly. Looking ahead, scientists are focused on several research directions. One key area is improving the stability and biocompatibility of quantum dots for medical applications. Although they show great promise in biological imaging, there are concerns about their potential toxicity(毒性). Scientists are also exploring new ways to integrate quantum dots into more complex devices, such as quantum dot-based solar cells. The goal is to develop more efficient and sustainable energy sources using the unique properties of quantum dots. 1. According to the passage, what determines the color of the light emitted by quantum dots? A. The type of organic solvents used in synthesis. B. The size of the quantum dots. C. The temperature during the synthesis process. D. The concentration of reactants. 2. The underlined word “sophisticated” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. complex B. simple C. traditional D. new 3. What can we infer from the passage about the future of quantum dots? A. They will replace all traditional display technologies soon. B. Their use in medical applications will be limited due to toxicity. C. Scientists will continue to explore their potential in different fields. D. Quantum dot-based solar cells have been already widely used. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of quantum dot development. B. The properties, research, applications, and future directions of quantum dots. C. The comparison between quantum dots and traditional materials. D. The toxicity and safety concerns of quantum dots. Passage 7 （24-25学年高一下·江苏盐城东台市·期中） What if there is no blood left in the bank when patients need an immediate transfusion(输血)? Scientists in Britain plan to become the first in the world to produce unlimited amounts of human blood from embryonic stem cells(胚胎干细胞)for emergency transfusions. A major research project is to be announced this week, which will end in three years with the first transfusions into human volunteers of man-made blood made from the stem cells of embryos. It could help to save the lives of anyone from the injured in traffic accidents to soldiers on a battlefield by completely changing the present blood transfusion services, which have to rely on humans to donate fresh blood. The project will be led by Professor Mare Turner of Edinburgh University, who has been involved in studies on how to ensure donated blood is safe. Researchers will est human embryos to find those that can develop into the “O-negative” blood — a universal blood group that can be transfused into almost anyone, making it quite unique compared to other blood types. It is expected that the “O-negative” blood can be produced in unlimited quantities in the future, so it is of great significance to ensure the blood free from viruses such as HIV and the human form of “mad cow” disease. The project was held up because of the difficulty of finding funding for research that attempts to take scientific studies in the lab into the earliest stages of commercial development. The Wellcome Trust, the world’s biggest medical research charity, has promised to cover the cost of the project, whose spokesman said that an announcement is likely to be made in the coming week. 1. What is the primary purpose of the project? A. To save the lives of the injured in accidents. B. To inspire more voluntary blood donation. C. To produce sufficient blood for emergencies. D. To improve the present blood transfusion services. 2. Why does the author mention Professor Marc Turner’s studies? A. To praise his great efforts to find funding for research. B. To show the importance of his role in the research. C. To speak highly of his achievements in the research. D. To illustrate the uniqueness of the “O-negative” blood. 3. What’s the next stage of the research? A. Producing the blood in unlimited quantities. B. Developing the blood for business purpose. C. Ensuring the blood free from deadly viruses. D. Making the blood offered to patients for free. 4. How does the writer sound in the text? A. Subjective. B. Unconcerned. C. Negative. D. Neutral. Passage 8 （24-25学年高一下·江苏连云港市赣榆区·期中） Technically, the airship is filled with hot air: an aircraft made of a large balloon full of nearly weightless lifting gases. If it makes you think of old black-and-white pictures, you are right — airships were popular at the beginning of the 20th century before airplanes took over. Now they are making a comeback. Though airship won’t reach the speeds of a jet plane(喷气式飞机), they are being talked about as forms of slow travel like ships and night trains, where the experience makes up for the speed. The large balloon could run on electric engines, making it a zero-carbon emitting(排放)form of air transport. “Also, what makes airships impressive is that they can remain in the air for a long period, and their ability to fly vertically(垂直地)up,” said leading aviation(航空)expert Thomas Thessen. The world’s largest aircraft, the LTA Pathfinderl, is being tested in Silicon Valley. LTA, one of the airship producers, is ready to enter the aviation market. It believes that next-generation airships can reduce the carbon footprint by using the helium(氦气)inside the balloon to do the lifting, rather than a carbon-emitting jet engine. Their airship can be used for more efficient cargo(货物)transport from point to point rather than port to port, and the airship can support relief efforts by delivering supplies even if roads and ports are damaged. French company Flying Whales is also currently developing airships for cargo use, aiming to reduce the environmental impact of cargo transport, while British firm HAV is focused on how a hybrid airship — using electric engines as well as helium — can unlock a zero-emission form of air travel. While the new airship still has a long way to go to be a mass travel solution, it all adds up to a change in the skies. Along with eco-friendly aviation fuel and electric planes, the new generation of airships is replacing our carbon-heavy situation of flying. 1. Why does the author mention old black-and-white pictures? A. To show airships are outdated. B. To stress airships have a long history. C. To present pictures of different airships. D. To compare the looks of airships and airplanes. 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about airships? A. Their various forms. B. Their complex design. C. Their primary purpose. D. Their major advantages. 3. What’s the function of the helium inside the balloon? A. Having the airships lifted. B. Making the airships fly faster. C. Powering the airships’ engine. D. Reducing the weight of the airships. 4. What’s the author’s attitude to the new airships? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Favorable. D. Worried. 主题02 人与自我——畅想未来 （24-25学年高一下·江苏南通海安市·期中） Can science fiction tell us about the future? Setting aside aliens and spaceships, much contemporary science fiction is concerned with themes such as the impact of artificial intelligence, the danger of ecological collapse and the misuse of corporate power. In all these cases, science fiction writers are taking advantage of the freedom that this type of writing gives them to think about ongoing concerns and picture what they might lead to in the future, coming to surprising and thought-provoking conclusions. All of those do have some predictive value. It means science fiction can play a useful role as a way to predict technological, social and political trends — but in the near term, not the distant future in which it is often set. This is the first of three ways in which science fiction can give us a glimpse of the future. The second is that it can help broaden the mind when assessing future scenarios(设想)for planning purposes, both in government and in business. France’s Defence Innovation Agency is setting up a “red team” of sci-fi writers to propose scenarios that might not have occurred to military planners. Arup, an engineering firm, commissioned Tim Maughan, a science-fiction writer, to create four scenarios of what everyday life might look like as a result of climate change. Tech giants including Google, Microsoft and Apple have also employed sci-fi writers as consultants, using a process sometimes called “design fiction.” And then the third one is more direct: by inspiring people in the tech industry who want to make these fictions a reality. The creation of the mobile phone at Motorola was motivated by the handheld wireless communicators from Star Trek, and Amazon’s Alexa voice-assistant by the talking computer on the Enterprise. The Kindle was inspired by an electronic-book device in Neal Stephenson’s novel The Diamond Age, and an entire industry is trying to bring to life the virtual world he described in Snow Crash. The future technology leaders are certainly reading science fiction today. 1. What does the author think of science fiction? A. It focuses mainly on aliens and spaceships. B. It explores current issues to imagine the future. C. It addresses the contemporary existing problems. D. It aims to predict technological progress in the future. 2. Why do the government and the business hire sci-fi writers? A. To give support to their creations. B. To better understand science fiction. C. To benefit from their expansive imagination. D. To enhance their influence and commercial value. 3. How does the last paragraph show the impact of science fiction? A. By listing main points. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By explaining a concept. 4. What is the main idea about the text? A. Why is science fiction gaining popularity? B. Science fiction provides insights into the future. C. How does science fiction broaden people’s vision? D. Science fiction serves as an inspiration for inventions. 主题03 人与自然——动物研究与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏南通·期中） New population of polar bears found Researchers have identified a previously unknown population of polar bears in southeast Greenland. The area is seemingly not suitable for polar bears because it lacks sea ice, which the animals typically depend on to hunt. Scientists say the discovery of this population offers a deep understanding of how polar bears might able to adapt as the planet gets warm and ice melts(融化). Most polar bears hunt by walking on floating(漂浮)platforms of sea ice, which is made up of frozen seawater. However, because the Earth’s atmosphere is heating up, sea ice in the Arctic is melting. About one third of the Arctic’s winter sea ice has disappeared in the past 20 years. Polar bears are currently considered at risk of extinction. and previous studies have warned they could disappear if the ice continues to melt. This newly found population(totaling about 300 polar bears)was thought to be part of a large group that lived on Greenland’s east coast. However, researchers looked at data tracking the bears’ movements over 36 years and found that populations in the northeast and southeast remained physically separate. They also tested the bears’ genes(基因)and confirmed that the two populations were different. The polar bears in southeast Greenland live near glaciers(冰川), which are made up of freshwater. For most of the year, sea ice is not present where these bears live. Instead, scientists believe this population of polar bears hunts on chunks of glacial ice that break off and float into the sea Researchers say this suggests that as sea ice disappears, other polar bears could learn to hunt using glacial ice. Researchers warned, however, that most polar bears don’t live in areas where glacial ice can be found. Moreover, glaciers, including the ones in Greenland, are melting as well. Still, one research said the study gives hope that “polar bears might be able to hang on in an ice-free Arctic”. 1. What is the typical condition for polar bears’ survival? A. Cold weather. B. Seawater. C. Freshwater. D. Sea ice. 2. What have the previous studies stressed? A. The sea ice in the Arctic continues to melt. B. Polar bears might get close to extinction. C. Many species of polar bears have died out. D. Global warming is becoming more serious. 3. What do we know about newly-found polar bears in southeast Greenland? A. They often hunt with those in the northeast. B. They have the same gene as northeast species. C. They can use glacial ice as hunting platforms. D. They have adapted to living in the freshwater. 4. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A. Make protests. B. Offer suggestions. C. Show concern. D. Express hopefulness. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏南通海安市·期中） Free diving is a high-risk sport. Divers, swimming underwater without oxygen tanks, frequently black out from low oxygen and put themselves at risk of drowning. Marine mammals such as seals, by contrast, can spend most of their lives below the surface without such risks. Seals can hold their breath for 20 to 30 minutes on average and some even for over an hour. A March 20th Science paper explains why: seals can apparently sense how much oxygen they have in their blood and plan their actions accordingly. When a mammal holds its breath, oxygen levels drop while carbon dioxide rises. In humans low oxygen mostly does not ring any alarm bells on their own — instead, high levels of carbon dioxide eventually produce the unpleasant urge to breathe. As seals dive more frequently — and for longer — than humans do, the range of carbon dioxide in their bodies varies more widely. That led Chris McKnight, a marine biologist, to wonder if the animals could also sense oxygen. To test this, he and his team placed six wild-caught seals in a tank containing an underwater feeding station and a breathing chamber(for surfacing)at opposite ends. The air in that chamber was then set to one of four conditions: normal air(21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide, plus other gases); air with reduced oxygen(11%); elevated oxygen(50%); and elevated carbon dioxide(8%). If the seals were, like humans, more sensitive to carbon dioxide, their behavior would be identical in all but the final condition. The results suggested otherwise. With more oxygen, the seals extended their dives by an average of 14 seconds. They shortened them by roughly half a minute with less oxygen. High carbon dioxide levels, by contrast, had no significant effect. Dr. McKnight suggests that the ability to sense low oxygen may be common in marine mammals, possibly as a defense against drowning. More research is needed to understand how widespread this ability is and how diving animals perceive oxygen. While expert divers use the sensation of an approaching black-out from low oxygen as a cue to resurface, how seals do this is still a mystery. 1. The underlined phrase “black out” in paragraph 1 most likely means _______. A. turn pale B. sink slowly C. stop breathing D. pass out 2. What motivates Chris McKnight to study oxygen-sensing ability of seals? A. Lower oxygen tolerance in human divers. B. Seals’ ability to dive for extended periods. C. Seals’ wide variations in CO2 levels during dives. D. Humans’ strong reaction to rising carbon dioxide. 3. What is true according to paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A. Elevated oxygen lengthens seals’ dive duration. B. Low oxygen causes seals to dive 14 seconds longer. C. Seals prioritize CO2 sensitivity over oxygen detection. D. Seals’ reactions were presumed exactly equal to humans’. 4. Which remains unknown about seals according to the text? A. The duration of holding their breath. B. The reason why they can dive safely. C. The ability to adjust the timing of resurfacing. D. The mechanism for triggering their resurfacing. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏宿迁市泗阳县·期中） From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the disaster of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative methods to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density(密集度)of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can cause a constant wave of jam. Katsuhiro Nishinari studies jamming transitions. His previous research had shown that foraging(觅食)ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. So what’s their secret? In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Ochetellus ants on foraging trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another — and they don’t speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour hardly tend to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno, who studies sustainable(可持续的)engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. But self-driving cars, if they one day become ubiquitous, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize(优化)traffic flow — perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing(优先考虑)constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail, which use smell to cooperate while interacting with one another. “There is no leader,” but this organization appears anyway, says Noa Pinter Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be “very, very strong”, Nishinari says. Still, ants can do a lot of things that cars — even self-driving ones — can’ t, Pinter  Wollman points out. Ants can make trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. The insects do sometimes jam up when stuck in tunnels, but to keep things moving, “they’ll find a way to walk on the ceiling,” she says. Plus,unlike cars, ants don’t crash; they can actually walk over one another. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate(追尾). By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense(密集的)traffic conditions. “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. 1. According to the research, how do ants avoid traffic jam when foraging? A. They brake to adjust on a regular basis. B. They rely entirely on leaders to command. C. They tend to speed up to overtake other ants. D. They maintain a steady speed and distance in groups. 2. Which of the following is probably the meaning of “ubiquitous” in the fourth paragraph? A. Expensive. B. Rare. C. Popular. D. Dangerous. 3. What do ants and future self-driving cars have in common? A. They can both widen roads at will. B. They both cause traffic jam due to braking. C. They both rely on centralized command systems. D. They can both optimize traffic flow through cooperation. 4. What practical advice does Nishinari give to human drivers to prevent traffic jams? A. Driving as fast as possible to avoid slowing down. B. Overtaking the car in front to maintain a tight formation. C. Leaving enough space between cars to absorb braking waves. D. Ignoring other drivers and focus solely on personal route planning. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·江苏徐州市铜山区·期中） Bees are among the most fascinating insects on Earth. Not only do they play a crucial role in pollinating plants, but they also have a highly organized social structure. A typical honeybee colony consists of three types of bees: the queen, the workers, and the drones. Each has a specific role that ensures the survival of the hive. The queen bee is the mother of all bees in the colony. Her primary job is to lay eggs — up to 2,000per day! Worker bees, all female, are responsible for gathering nectar, making honey, and protecting the hive. They also take care of the queen and the young bees. Drones, the male bees, have only one purpose: to mate with a new queen. Once they fulfill this role, they die shortly after. Bees express their ideas through a unique “waggle dance”. When a worker bee finds a good source of nectar, she returns to the hive and performs this dance to show the direction and distance of the flowers. Scientists believe this dance is one of the most sophisticated forms of insect communication. Unfortunately, bee populations are declining due to pesticides, habitat loss, and climate change. This is alarming because nearly one-third of the food we eat depends on bee pollination. Without bees, many fruits, vegetables, and nuts could disappear from our diets. 1. What is the main duty of the queen bee? A. To collect nectar from flowers. B. To produce thousands of eggs daily. C. To protect the hive from enemies. D. To perform the waggle dance. 2. How do worker bees communicate the location of food? A. By making loud buzzing sounds. B. By releasing a special scent. C. By performing a “waggle dance.” D. By touching each other’s antennae. 3. What can we infer about drones? A. They live longer than worker bees. B. They protect the hive from predators. C. They help in making honey. D. They are essential for the colony’s reproduction. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the roles and importance of bees. B. To explain why bees are disappearing. C. To argue that bees are the smartest insects. D. To compare different types of bee colonies. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·江苏无锡宜兴市·期中） The rich land of the Nile delta is being eroded(侵蚀)along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast at an astonishing rate, in some parts expected at 100 metres per year. In the past, land washed away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment(沉淀物)brought down to the delta by the River Nile, but this is no longer happening. Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large Aswan dams in the south of Egypt, which hold back almost all of the sediment that used to flow down the river. Before the dams were built, the Nile flowed freely carrying huge quantities of sediment. But when the Aswan dams were constructed to provide electricity and irrigation(灌溉), and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer built up above the dam in the southern upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta. Now, however, there turns out to be more to the story. It appears that the sediment-free water picks up sand as it erodes the river bed and banks on the 800-kilometre trip to Cairo. Daniel JeanStanley of the Smithsonian Institute noticed that water samples taken in Cairo showed that the river sometimes carries more than 850 grams of sediment per cubic metre of water-almost half of what it carried before the dams were built. International environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but mainly because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. But there are no easy solutions. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make man-made floods to flush out the delta waterways in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination(脱盐)may have to be used to increase the amount of water available. 1. What stopped the sediment coming down to the delta? A. The Mediterranean Sea. B. The River Nile. C. The Aswan dams. D. Lake Nasser. 2. Why were the Aswan dams built? A. To wash out the river beds. B. To offer electricity and protection. C. To make the water in the River Nile clean. D. To keep the soil in the region nearby nutrient-rich. 3. What can we infer from the third paragraph? A. There is no need to worry about the delta. B. The methods of measurement need improving. C. Whether the situation is good or not remains to be seen. D. The dams’ consequences are beyond people's expectation. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Difficulties to be settled. B. Rewards for the challenge. C. Severe influence of the situation. D. Possible solutions to the problem. 5. What is the author’s attitude towards the problems of the Nile delta? A. Positive. B. Unclear. C. Concerned. D. Negative. Passage 6 （24-25学年高一下·江苏南通如皋市·期中） Electric vehicles(EVs)are a strong weapon in the world’s efforts against global warming. But the effects of EVs depend on what country you are in. In some nations, electric vehicles lead to the release of more carbon gasses than gasoline cars, new research shows. The Radiant Energy Group(REG)compared gas emissions caused by a gasoline vehicle and from charging an electric vehicle. The study compared the emissions(排放)caused by charging a Tesla Model 3 to drive 100 kilometers with the emissions coming from an average gasoline car driven the same distance. Countries where charging an electric vehicle is cleaner than driving a gasoline-powered car use a lot of hydroelectric, nuclear or solar power. Sales of electric cars are rising the fastest in Europe. Data from REG suggests that EVs in Poland and Kosovo actually create more carbon emissions because their electric systems depend so much on coal. In other European countries, however, EVs result in reduced emissions. The carbon gas reduction depends on what energy supplies electricity systems and the time of day vehicles are charged. The countries with the biggest carbon gas savings from EVs use a lot of nuclear and hydroelectric power. An EV driver in Germany reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent over a gasoline car. Germany uses a mix of renewable energy and coal to produce electricity. Germany and Spain create a lot of electricity from the sun and wind. But the sun and wind do not add to a country’s electricity system equally throughout the day. For this reason, the amount of carbon emissions saved by driving an EV depends on the time of day it is being charged. Charging in the afternoon, when there is more sun and wind, saves 16 to 18 percent more carbon than at night when electricity systems are more likely to be using gas or coal. Automakers including General Motors, Stellantis and Volkswagen have set targets to sell mainly electric vehicles in Europe in the coming years. U. S. car manufacturer General Motors said it will have all new electric cars by 2022. 1. We can learn from Para. 8 that ________. A. the availability of charging stations is the key factor in EV adoption B. the cost of EVs is the most significant barrier to their widespread adoption C. the time of day when EVs are charged can greatly affect their carbon footprint D. the type of battery used in EVs has a big impact on their overall carbon emissions 2. According to REG’s study, what caused the different results in carbon emission? A. The limited coverage of national power system. B. The different energy sources for EV charging. C. The varying time of day when EVs are sold. D. The lack of charging stations in rural areas. 3. What’s the attitude of automakers like General Motors towards EVs? A. Unconcerned. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Puzzled. 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A. The Global Shift to Electric Vehicle Adoption. B. The Economics of Electric Vehicle Ownership C. The Future of Renewable Energy in Automobiles. D. The Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging. Passage 7 （24-25学年高一下·江苏扬州高邮市·期中） During summer in the early 1980s, a strange underwater noise troubled houseboat owners in Sausalito, California. People living on houseboats had guessed that there might be army-related actions or underwater ships. But when the mystery was finally solved in 1985, the truth was perhaps even more surprising, because of the noise that is “almost deafening” and sounds like coming from machines, it’s the male toadfish(蟾鱼)that are searching for their mates. Scientists and fishermen have long known toadfish and a few other fish species to be rather talkative. But new research shows that the ability to make sound is a far more widespread feature among fish. “What our study tells is that with fish sound production being widespread, it begins to change the way we consider the sounds of the ocean,” says Aaron Rice. Rice and his coauthors found that fish’s ability to make noise had independently developed at least 33 times within the class of fish. This tells us, says Rice, how “important” sound communication might be for fish, “and that there is a very strong selection pressure to use sound.” That is, factors like the availability of food have meant that, for many species, fish that could produce sound stood a better chance of survival. The new study raises some concerning questions. If sound communication is so important for fish, then, says Rice, “the widespread range of human noise pollution in the oceans may actually have some serious consequences on them.” A 2018 review of studies into human-caused underwater noise pollution records a long list of harm done to fish species, including avoidance of important habitats, higher death rates, and poor growth rates. To take a specific example, when exposed to boat noise, toadfish struggle to communicate and find mates, limiting reproduction and potentially affecting entire populations. Currently, there is no international rule on ocean noise pollution. “The new evidence of fish sound communication being a common feature could be important for increasing rule of noise.” says Miyoko Sakashita, who works for better law-making protections for underwater life. 1. What can be learned about the sound of male toadfish? A. It changed rapidly from time to time. B. It helped fishermen learn to catch fish. C. It sounded like coming from engines. D. It caused wars among houseboat owners. 2. What did Rice and his team find from their study? A. Fish sound production is quite common. B. Toadfish have developed hundreds of times. C. Biological diversity allows fish to survive. D. Many fish species share a common language. 3. Why does the author give the example of toadfish in paragraph 4? A. To show noise pollution can do harm to sea fish species. B. To prove an increasing number of fish species are endangered. C. To stress humans are causing more underwater noise pollution. D. To explain how fish adapt themselves to polluted environments. 4. What is Sakashita’s attitude to Rice’s new research? A. Curious. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Supportive. Passage 8 （24-25学年高一下·江苏宿迁市沭阳县·期中） When you walk along a beach, you may spot colorful bits of broken glass in the sand. But these shiny treasures didn’t start out that way — they were once discarded as useless glass waste by humans. Over time, ocean waves wash and polish the broken glass, turning it into smooth “sea glass.” This process shows how human actions interact with Earth’s natural forces to create something unexpected and beautiful. Before the 1960s, many U. S. trash sites were left open to rain and wind. Since these sites were often near rivers or coasts, rainwater could wash trash — like glass bottles — into the ocean. On their way to the ocean, glass bottles would run into rocks and other objects, which would break the glass into smaller pieces. Waves then carried the pieces to the sea. Over time, waves push the glass along the sandy ocean floor, making it roll over and over. This process smooths sharp edges and turns clear glass into cloudy, frosted sea glass. Today, selling and trading sea glass has become a profitable industry in the United States. Sea glass jewelry and collections can be found at craft fairs and markets nationwide. However, due to the rise of single-use plastics as an another way to replace glass bottles, sea glass may soon become harder to find. To solve this problem, some businessmen have begun to produce artificial sea glass using rock tumblers and chemicals. Recycling glass can be challenging because it is heavy and not always cost-effective to transport. There are few markets for recycled glass. Despite these difficulties, recent environmental activists have pushed for more green ways to replace single-use plastics. Aluminum bottles and cans are becoming increasingly popular, but glass remains an optional way. When glass is not properly recycled, it continues to be thrown away, ensuring that natural sea glass will still appear on beaches for future generations to find and appreciate. 1. What does the underlined word “discarded” in paragraph 1 mean? A. picked out. B. thrown away. C. gathered together. D. cut down. 2. What happened to glass bottles before they reached the ocean? A. They were damaged by the sun. B. They were eaten by fish. C. They hit rocks and broke into pieces. D. They were collected by people. 3. How do businessmen solve the problem that sea glass is harder to find? A. By selling more jewelry. B. By collecting sea glass. C. By using aluminum bottles. D. By creating artificial sea glass. 4. What does the author imply about the future of natural sea glass? A. It’s not going away anytime soon. B. It will be replaced by aluminum cans. C. It will become increasingly expensive. D. It will disappear due to recycling efforts. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——人工智能与科技对人的影响 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省徐州·期中） Passage 1 The market reaction was cruel. On January 27, 2025, when people realized how good DeepSeek’s “V3” and “R1” AI models were, Nvidia(英伟达), a chip company, lost $600 billion in value. Even though DeepSeek’s success worried some investors, it shows that competition and creation can make AI cheaper and more useful. DeepSeek’s models are as good as those from Google and OpenAI but cost much less. Stopped by America from using advanced chips, Chinese companies’ hard work has paid off. The cost of DeepSeek competing with the best has dropped quickly. Within days, DeepSeek became the most downloaded app on iPhones. Sam Altman, the boss of OpenAI, has spent years telling investors they should keep ahead of AI field. However, DeepSeek put their profits at risk. Nvidia was once the world’s most valuable company because people thought the best AI needed very expensive chips. This is why DeepSeek’s success led to a stock(股票)market dropping on January 27th. DeepSeek created more winners than losers. Apple is glad that it did not spend billions on AI projects. It can choose the best models like DeepSeek. However, the real winners will be consumers. For AI to change society, it needs to be cheap, popular and out of the control of any one country or company. DeepSeek’s success makes this possible. Some have begun to doubt that DeepSeek improved by copying American technology. In fact, it is an important new creation, causing more competition in AI field. For years, top U. S. AI labs have been devoted to using advanced chips to improve performance, rather than making models cheaper and faster. But DeepSeek shows there is a better way to improve algorithm(算法)based on common chips. 1. What directly caused Nvidia’s sharp value drop on January 27th? A. Apple’s cooperation with DeepSeek. B. The U. S. government’s restrictions. C. DeepSeek’s powerful and cheaper models. D. Investors’ lack of confidence in AI’s future. 2. What are DeepSeek’s advantages compared to OpenAI’s models? A. More useful and cheaper. B. More advanced and powerful. C. More expensive and smarter. D. More reliable and profitable. 3. What does Apple’s reaction to DeepSeek’s success imply? A. Its plan to copy DeepSeek’s methods. B. Its concern about losing market share. C. Its regret for missing AI investment opportunities. D. Its satisfaction with avoiding expensive AI projects. 4. What can we infer about DeepSeek from the last paragraph? A. Copying American models’ technology. B. Cooperating with global companies to gain the chance. C. Focusing on common chips and creative ways to improve. D. Depending on advanced chips to reach computing power. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了DeepSeek的V3和R1人工智能模型取得成功，其性能与谷歌、OpenAI 的模型相当，但成本更低。这一成功导致了英伟达市值大幅下降，同时也创造了更多的赢家，让苹果等公司受益，消费者更是最终的受益者。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“On January 27, 2025, when people realized how good DeepSeek’s “V3” and “R1” AI models were, Nvidia(英伟达), a chip company, lost $600 billion in value.(2025 年 1 月 27 日，当人们意识到 DeepSeek的V3和R1人工智能模型有多出色时，芯片公司英伟达的市值损失了 6000 亿美元)”以及第二段“DeepSeek’s models are as good as those from Google and OpenAI but cost much less.(DeepSeek的模型和谷歌、OpenAI的模型一样好，但成本要低得多)”可知，是DeepSeek强大且成本更低的模型直接导致了英伟达在 1 月 27 日市值的急剧下降，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“DeepSeek’s models are as good as those from Google and OpenAI but cost much less.(DeepSeek的模型和谷歌、OpenAI的模型一样好，但成本要低得多)”以及第四段“However, the real winners will be consumers. For AI to change society, it needs to be cheap, popular and out of the control of any one country or company. DeepSeek’s success makes this possible.(然而，真正的赢家将是消费者。为了让人工智能改变社会，它需要价格低廉、广受欢迎且不受任何一个国家或公司的控制。DeepSeek 的成功使这成为可能)”可知，与OpenAI的模型相比，DeepSeek的优势在于更有用且更便宜，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第第四段“Apple is glad that it did not spend billions on AI projects. It can choose the best models like DeepSeek.(苹果很高兴它没有在人工智能项目上花费数十亿美元。它可以选择像DeepSeek这样最好的模型)”可推知，苹果对DeepSeek成功的反应暗示了它对避免了昂贵的人工智能项目感到满意，故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For years, top U. S. AI labs have been devoted to using advanced chips to improve performance, rather than making models cheaper and faster. But DeepSeek shows there is a better way to improve algorithm(算法)based on common chips.(多年来，美国顶尖的人工智能实验室一直致力于使用先进的芯片来提高性能，而不是使模型更便宜、更快。但DeepSeek表明，有一种更好的方法可以在普通芯片的基础上改进算法)”可推知，DeepSeek专注于普通芯片以及采用创造性的方式来改进，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省南京市励志高级中学·期中） Zhang Ming, a college student from Shandong, created a 9page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology,” he said. Zhang’s experience is common nowadays. Worldwide, 40 percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014. Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers. The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology, says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information besides from asking older generations. Therefore, in the age of information, it’s possible that children know more than their parents do. According to the China Internet Network Information Center（CINIC）, 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou. In Zhang Ming’s eyes, teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to his parents. “People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out?”said Zhang. 1. According to the passage, Zhang’s parents can’t ________ with the “WeChat guide”. A. make video calls B. send messages C. grab the red envelopes D. take pictures 2. Why does children know more than their parents do nowadays?________. A. Because parents teach the children about almost everything. B. Because children can ask more older generations for help. C. Because parents are getting old. D. Because children can get more information by using new technologies. 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? ________. A. Zhang Ming’s “WeChat guide” is made up of drawings and simple words. B. 40% of parents learn about new technologies from their children all over the world in 2014. C. 56.7% of social media users in China are under 30 according to the CINIC. D. Zhang Ming thinks that we should encourage our parents to use more new technologies. 4. What’s the best title of the passage?________. A. Ways of using new technology B. Kids can also teach parents C. How parents connect to the world D. Ways to get information 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要内容是介绍高科技时代年轻人对老年人的影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls.(通过图画和简单的文字，这份逐步指南解释了如何发送信息、拍照和进行视频通话)可知，用这份指南并不能帮助张的父母“抢红包”，故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Therefore, in the age of information, it’s possible that children know more than their parents do.(因此，在信息时代，孩子们知道的事情可能比他们的父母还要多)”及前文提到互联网和媒体带来的信息获取方式可知，孩子们通过新技术可以获取更多信息，因此知道的事情比父母多，故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“56.7 percent of Internet users(56.7%的网民)”和“67.2 percent of social media users(67.2%的社交媒体用户)”可知，56.7%是互联网用户，而不是社交媒体用户的信息，因此说56.7%是社交媒体用户不正确，故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Zhang Ming, a college student from Shandong, created a 9page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology,” he said.(来自山东的大学生张明制作了一份9页的“微信指南”。用图画和简单的文字，这本循序渐进的指南解释了如何发送信息、拍照和打视频电话。张为他的父母制作了指南。“我的父母老了。他们需要一种简单的方法来学习如何使用新技术”)”可知，文章主要讲的是孩子可以教会父母使用新科技产品，角色有所转换，所以下面“孩子也可以教父母”是最佳题目，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省南京市励志高级中学·期中） On August 20th, 2024, the Chinese gaming industry reached a milestone with the global release of Black Myth: Wukong, a new AAA action role-playing game developed by Game Science. Within hours of launch, it topped Steam’s most-played single-player list, gaining significant attention on social media. Black Myth: Wukong draws on Chinese mythologies(神话)and the classic novel Journey to the West. It allows players to take up the role of Sun Wukong and start grand adventures. Inspired by Stephen Chow’s A Chinese Odyssey, the game creates a vivid dream world with Chinese scenery, like distant mountains, wild roads and ancient temples. The various demons, gods, and other figures with Chinese-style designs in the game are based on The Classic of Mountains and Seas, breathing new life into the ancient tales of Chinese mythology. Feng Ji, Game Science founder and CEO, stressed that the game was created entirely by a Chinese team to bring Chinese stories to the global gaming stage. He said, “The storyline and creative ideas always take the lead, perfectly integrating(融合)Chinese stories and classical cultural features into the game.” He believed that a game’s true value is not decided by its cost or visuals, but by the real enjoyment it offers players. According to the Xinhua News Agency, to create a truly immersive(沉浸式的)and world-class game, the game’s production team spent years traveling across China, scanning historical and cultural sites, and combining them with every game scenes. The game features 36 locations thoroughly modeled after real-world sites, with 27 of them located in Shanxi Province, China, offering players a unique and immersive visual experience. The game has increased interest in Shanxi’s cultural heritage. On its launch day the search for Shanxi tourism went up by over 10%. Bookings for trips to Shanxi have doubled since July, and the number of tourists to Shanxi has grown by 50%. Shanxi has rich tourism resources but lacks recognition both at home and abroad. The game has presented Shanxi’s cultural relics in a pleasing and effective way, arousing people’s interest in the province’s culture and travel. 1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the game? A. Its design basis. B. Its wide popularity. C. Its target players. D. Its cultural significance. 2. What is the key to making a truly valuable game according to Feng Ji? A. Creating high profits for the game company. B. Uniting Chinese stories with artistic concepts. C. Designing impressive characters and visual effects. D. Providing a satisfying experience for players. 3. Which of the following words can best describe the game’s production team? A. Ambitious and thoughtful. B. Confident and productive. C. Devoted and high-standard. D. Experienced and imaginative. 4. How does the game benefit Shanxi Province? A. By promoting its cultural tourism. B. By improving its international role. C. By calling for the protection of its heritage. D. By bringing in money to its game industry. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《黑神话：悟空》 这款游戏的特点以及灵感来源和它所带来的影响。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Black Myth: Wukong draws on Chinese mythologies(神话)and the classic novel Journey to the West. It allows players to take up the role of Sun Wukong and start grand adventures. Inspired by Stephen Chow’s A Chinese Odyssey, the game creates a vivid dream world with Chinese scenery, like distant mountains, wild roads and ancient temples. The various demons, gods, and other figures with Chinese-style designs in the game are based on The Classic of Mountains and Seas, breathing new life into the ancient tales of Chinese mythology.(《黑神话：悟空》取材于中国神话和经典小说《西游记》。它允许玩家扮演孙悟空的角色，开始伟大的冒险。这款游戏的灵感来自周星驰的《大话西游》，创造了一个充满中国风景的生动梦境世界，比如远山、荒路和古庙。游戏中各种各样的妖、神和其他具有中国风格的人物都是根据《山海经》设计的，为中国神话中的古老故事注入了新的活力)”可知，第2段主要告诉我们关于游戏的设计基础，故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“He believed that a game’s true value is not decided by its cost or visuals, but by the real enjoyment it offers players.(他认为，游戏的真正价值并不取决于其预算或视觉效果，而是取决于它提供给玩家的真正享受)”可知，他认为，制作一款真正有价值的游戏的关键是为玩家提供满意的体验，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to the Xinhua News Agency, to create a truly immersive(沉浸式的)and world-class game, the game’s production team spent years traveling across China, scanning historical and cultural sites, and combining them with every game scenes.(据新华社报道，为了创造一款真正的沉浸式的世界级游戏，游戏制作团队花了数年时间穿越中国，扫描历史和文化遗址，并将其整合到每个游戏场景中)”可知，游戏团队为了创作这款游戏花费数年时间并将每个场景都融合到游戏中，即他们对创作这款游戏非常的投入且高标准地完成了游戏的制作，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The game has presented Shanxi’s cultural relics in a pleasing and effective way, arousing people’s interest in the province’s culture and travel.(该游戏以一种令人愉悦的、有效的方式呈现了山西的文物，激发了人们对该省的文化和旅游的兴趣)”可知，该游戏引起了人们对山西文化旅游的兴趣，刺激了山西旅游业的发展，故选A。 主题02 人与自我——食物与饮料，情绪与疾病 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省连云港高级中学·期中） It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram(一款照片分享的应用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat. Ryan Elder and Jeff Larson of Brigham Young University asked 232 people to look at photos of food and rate them. They divided the participants into two groups — one group looked at 60 photos of sweet foods, while the other examined 60photos of salty foods. Participants arranged each photo in order of how attractive the food looked. Afterward both groups enjoyed some salted peanuts(花生). The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at sweet foods, even though no one saw photos of peanuts. “If you want to enjoy your meal, avoid looking at too many pictures of food,” Larson said. “Even I felt a little sick after looking at all the sweet pictures we had.” The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation(感觉)of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw. “In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom — you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.” But there is some good news: People need to look at a lot of food photos to experience sensory boredom. So if you want to enjoy your next brunch, play it safe and stay away from your foodie friend’s photo albums. 1. What did the researchers do in the experiment? A. They showed peanut pictures to participants. B. They chose 232 participants who enjoy eating. C. They asked participants to have salted peanuts. D. They reminded participants to avoid sweet food. 2. What happened to the participants in the salty group? A. They enjoyed the peanuts less. B. They enjoyed their meals more. C. They dared not rate the pictures. D. They compared food with others. 3. Which of the following shows “sensory boredom”? A. Lose sense of taste when tired. B. Get bored with a meal after shooting it. C. Enjoy meals less after seeing many food pictures. D. Eat more than before when the food tastes delicious. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. What makes food taste less delicious B. Why Instagram reduces desire for food C. How we can stay away from Instagram D. What causes people to enjoy salty foods 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现看食物照片会降低对食物的享受程度，并介绍了其背后的原因。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Afterward both groups enjoyed some salted peanuts(花生).(之后两组都吃了一些咸花生)”可知，研究人员让参与者吃咸花生，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at sweet foods, even though no one saw photos of peanuts.(看咸味食物图片的那组人比看甜味食物图片的那组人更不喜欢花生，尽管没有人看到花生的照片)”可知，看咸味食物图片的人不喜欢花生，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation(感觉)of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw.(研究人员认为，在看完所有这些照片后，食物的味道就不那么好了，因为看很多照片会让人觉得自己已经体验过吃东西的感觉了。看了照片后，无论吃什么，都不如她看到的好吃)”可推知，看很多食物照片后享受美食的感觉会降低，这就是“感官疲劳”，故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram(一款照片分享的应用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat.(是时候放下手机，不再看照片分享应用程序Instagram了：研究人员发现，看过食物图片的人不太可能享受他们接下来吃的那顿饭)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现看食物照片会降低对食物的享受程度，并介绍了其背后的原因。由此可知，B选项“为什么Instagram降低了人们对食物的欲望”最符合文章标题，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省镇江中学·期中） ADHD is a complex disorder that goes far beyond the stereotypical image(刻板印象)of an overactive child unable to sit still in class. It’s a lifelong condition that affects both children and adults, impacting various aspects of daily life. While its core involves impaired(受损的)mental processes like planning, focusing, and multitasking, an equally critical yet less recognized challenge is emotional dysregulation(失调)—the difficulty in managing and relieving one’s emotional responses, which profoundly impacts work, relationships, and self-esteem. The emotional experience of ADHD is often described as a rollercoaster, characterized by extreme highs and lows that can change rapidly and unpredictably. During the “highs,” individuals may feel an intense surge of energy, creativity, and enthusiasm. They might embark on new projects with uncontrolled optimism, feeling unbeatable and capable of conquering the world. This state of hyper-focus and excitement can be incredibly productive, leading to bursts of creativity and accomplishment. However, these peaks are often followed by equally intense “lows”. The drop into this emotional low can be sudden and confusing. Feelings of disappointment, frustration, and self-doubt may overwhelm the individual, leading to a sense of paralysis or hopelessness. These lows can be caused by various factors, including perceived failures, criticism, or simply the natural decline of the initial excitement. The impact of these emotional fluctuations on daily life and relationships can be profound. At work, the highs might lead to bursts of productivity, while the lows can result in missed deadlines and underperformance. In personal relationships, the intensity of emotions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. Partners, friends, and family members may struggle to keep up with the rapid mood changes, leading to strain in these relationships. Understanding what ADHD feels like is an ongoing process, not just for those who have it, but for society as a whole. By fostering greater awareness and empathy(共鸣), we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with ADHD to thrive in all aspects of their lives. 1. What is the “rollercoaster” used to illustrate? A. The thrill-seeking nature of ADHD patients. B. The fast shifts between emotional extremes. C. The physical restlessness in classroom settings. D. The medical treatment process for ADHD. 2. What does the underlined word “fluctuations” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Extension. B. Duration. C. Changes. D. Decreases. 3. What does the author advise people to do to help those with ADHD? A. To develop stricter behavioral guidelines. B. To promote medication as the primary solution. C. To focus more research on childhood symptoms. D. To show them more understanding and support. 4. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A personal blog. B. A book review. C. A Philosophy book. D. A Mental Health website. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种复杂的疾病，不仅影响儿童和成人的日常行为，还会导致情绪调节障碍，介绍了其情绪波动的特点以及对生活和人际关系的影响，最后呼吁人们对 ADHD 患者给予更多理解和支持。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “The emotional experience of ADHD is often described as a rollercoaster, characterized by extreme highs and lows that can change rapidly and unpredictably.(ADHD 的情绪体验常被描述为坐过山车，其特点是情绪的极高点和极低点会迅速且不可预测地变化)” 可知，“rollercoaster” 是用来描述 ADHD 患者情绪在极端之间快速转换的情况，故选B。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“At work, the highs might lead to bursts of productivity, while the lows can result in missed deadlines and underperformance. In personal relationships, the intensity of emotions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.(工作中，情绪高涨可能会带来工作效率的爆发，而情绪低落则会导致错过最后期限和表现不佳。在人际关系中，情绪的强烈程度会导致误解和冲突)” 可知，这里说的是情绪的变化对日常生活和人际关系的影响。“fluctuations” 与 “changes” 意思相近，选项 C符合文意，故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “By fostering greater awareness and empathy(共鸣), we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with ADHD to thrive in all aspects of their lives.(通过培养更多的意识和同理心，我们可以为 ADHD 患者创造一个更具包容性和支持性的环境，让他们在生活的各个方面都能茁壮成长)” 可知，作者建议人们对 ADHD 患者表现出更多的理解和支持，故选D。 4. 推理判断题。短文主要说明了注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种复杂的疾病，不仅影响儿童和成人的日常行为，还会导致情绪调节障碍，介绍了其情绪波动的特点以及对生活和人际关系的影响，最后呼吁人们对 ADHD 患者给予更多理解和支持。是关于心理健康方面的内容，所以最有可能来自一个心理健康网站，故选D。 主题02 人与自然——自然灾害，动物，自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏常州·期中） A storm surge(风暴潮)is a raised sea brought by tropical cyclones(热带气旋), also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore(岸), often causing flooding. A storm surge is mainly caused by the relationship between the winds and the ocean’s surface. The water rises where the winds are strongest. In addition, water is pushed in the direction the winds are blowing. The rotation(自转)of the Earth causes winds to move toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere(半球)and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm. In the Southern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the left-forward part. Atmospheric pressure(气压)also plays a key role. In a cyclone the central pressure is lower than at its edges(边缘). This pushes down the water in the outer parts of the storm, causing the water to rise in the center. More factors contribute to the strength of a storm surge as it comes to the coast. The water can reach as high as 10 meters if the storm surge happens at the same time as high tide. The coast’s slope(坡度)matters too: shallow coasts flood more easily. The storm surges are a serious danger for coastal areas. They typically form in late summer when ocean temperatures are highest, providing the energy needed for cyclone development. Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Hurricane Katrina in the U.S. claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola Cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths. Today, improvements in forecasting(预报)and warning help reduce damage done by a storm surge. Information about surges like speeds, heights and paths are provided, allowing communities to prepare and leave. Coastal communities can protect themselves against storm surges by protecting local wetlands, which can take in the water and the energy of storm surges. But unfortunately they have made way for the city development. 1. What is a main cause of storm surges? A. Heavy rainfall during cyclones. B. Earth’s rotation redirecting the winds. C. Sudden rises of central pressure. D. Strong winds pushing seawater ashore. 2. Where is a storm surge the largest in the Northern Hemisphere? A. Center of the cyclone. B. Coastal areas with wetlands. C. Right-forward part of the storm. D. Left-forward part of the cyclone. 3. Why does the text mention Hurricane Katrina and Bhola Cyclone? A. To show the increased cyclone frequency. B. To stress the damaging effects of storm surges. C. To explain the economic benefits of wetlands. D. To compare storm surges in two hemispheres. 4. What will the passage probably talk about next? A. Strategies to fix coastal wetlands. B. Methods to forecast cyclone paths. C. Case studies of recent storm surges. D. Climate change’s impact on cyclones. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了风暴潮的定义、形成原因、影响强度的因素、危害以及应对措施。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A storm surge(风暴潮)is a raised sea brought by tropical cyclones(热带气旋), also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore(岸), often causing flooding.(风暴潮是由热带气旋带来的海水升高现象，热带气旋也被称为台风或飓风。这些强大的风暴产生强风，将海水推向岸边，常常引发洪水)”可知，风暴潮的一个主要原因是强风将海水推向岸边，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm.(如果气旋在北半球形成，风暴潮在风暴的右前方部分将是最大的)”可知，如果气旋在北半球形成，风暴潮在风暴的右前方部分将是最大的，故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Hurricane Katrina in the U.S. claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola Cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths.(从历史上看，风暴潮已经造成了可怕的损失。例如，1900 年美国的卡特里娜飓风夺走了 6000 多人的生命，而 1970 年孟加拉国的博拉气旋导致了大约 50 万人死亡)”可知，历史上风暴潮造成了可怕的损失，接着举例美国的卡特里娜飓风和孟加拉国的博拉气旋造成的大量人员死亡，所以提到这两个例子是为了强调风暴潮的破坏作用，故选 B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Coastal communities can protect themselves against storm surges by protecting local wetlands, which can take in the water and the energy of storm surges. But unfortunately they have made way for the city development.(沿海社区可以通过保护当地湿地来抵御风暴潮，当地湿地可以吸收风暴潮的水和能量。但不幸的是，它们已经为城市发展让路了)”可知，沿海社区可以通过保护当地湿地来抵御风暴潮，但不幸的是湿地为城市发展让路了。由此可推测接下来可能会讨论修复沿海湿地的策略，故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏盐城东台市·期中） We take our speech abilities for granted. Most people do not stop to think of how other animals and insects communicate with each other. Ants are amazing creatures that have a tireless work pattern and different social classes. To achieve this, they must have some ways of communicating with each other. Obviously, ants do not speak as we do, so how do they communicate? Ants communicate by giving off pheromones(信息素)marks that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it and by touching their antennae(触角)to feel and smell each other. The best example that we can see very clearly is that ants find food sources and drop pheromones on their ways. By using their antennae to find pheromones marks and following a thorough pattern with one antenna on either side of the path, they can keep themselves on track. This allows other ants to follow the pheromones. The result of these pheromone marks is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food. The queen uses pheromones to signal. As the queen ages, she gives off pheromones that tell ant residents that she is dying. They begin feeding and preparing a pupa(蛹)to be the new queen. When ants greet each other with their antennae, they can tell whether the ants they meet are foes and prepare for what comes later, which might bring them an advantage or even a victory. Scientists are still trying to recognize which pheromones share this information. Ants also give off pheromones that identify the nest they belong to, and their social status. The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form shared memories and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators. 1. How could ants communicate according to the text? A. By attracting ants peers through sounds. B. By sending alarm signals to the queen. C. By tracking pheromones with antennae. D. By keeping themselves on the track. 2. What is the function of the pheromone marks? A. To spot the queen in the ant community. B. To help other ants find food sources. C. To keep the orders of the ant community. D. To enable ants to communicate with humans. 3. Which can probably replace the underlined word “foes” in paragraph 3? A. Enemies. B. Advantages. C. Residents. D. Friends. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Ants have no shared memories. B. Ants’ alarm-sounding ability is unique. C. Researchers have recognized the types of pheromones. D. More secrets on ants’ communication remain unknown. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了蚂蚁如何通过释放信息素和使用触角进行交流，以及科学家对此的研究。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Ants communicate by releasing pheromones(信息素)that function outside of the body to send chemical messages to the ant that receives it and by touching their antennae(触角)to feel and smell each other.(蚂蚁通过释放体外起作用的信息素来向接收信息的蚂蚁发送化学信息，并通过触摸它们的触角来感觉和闻对方的味道进行交流)”可知，蚂蚁通过触角识别信息素来交流，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The result of these pheromone paths is long lines of ants, marching one behind each other to collect food.(这些信息素路径的结果是长长的蚂蚁队伍，它们一个接一个地行进去收集食物)”可知，信息素轨迹的功能是帮助同伴找到食物来源，故选B。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“When ants greet each other with their antennae, they can tell whether the ants they meet are foes and prepare for what comes later, which might bring them an advantage or even a victory(当蚂蚁用触角相互问候时，它们能分辨出遇到的蚂蚁是foes还是其他情况，并为接下来可能带来优势甚至胜利的情况做好准备)”可知，这里 “foes”与“prepare for what comes later, which might bring them an advantage or even a victory”相呼应，可推测出“foes”是“敌人” 的意思，故选 A。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The more researchers study ants, the more they discover about their ability to translate information to one another, learn, form collective memories and sound alarms. Ants are truly amazing communicators.(研究人员对蚂蚁的研究越多，他们就越能发现蚂蚁相互传递信息、学习、形成集体记忆和发出警报的能力。蚂蚁真是令人惊叹的交流者)”可推知，蚂蚁交流的更多秘密仍然未知，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏连云港市灌南县·期中） In a number of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems. Researchers have discovered that one of the factors(因素)behind this process may be persistence(坚持). It includes reinforcement, the rule that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more often. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus are less likely to be affected by extinction, which would make them better problem solvers. In this recent study, the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat(reinforcement). Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was. The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to get the treat hiding under each one. After the series(一系列)of rewarded experiments, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones. In the social learning task, the trained dogs stared at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By listing a fact. B. By raising a doubt. C. By making a comparison. D. By showing a conclusion. 2. Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”? A. Chaining a dog up while walking it every day. B. Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up. C. Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out. D. Shouting at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse. 3. How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment? A. They are better at helping their friends. B. They can grow stronger than untrained dogs. C. They are more likely to live longer. D. Their newly learned behaviors last longer. 4. Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. How to Pick out a Suitable Pet Dog B. Why Persistent Dogs Make Better Pets C. Why Trained Dogs Solve Problems Better D. How Researchers Carry out Animal Experiments 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了训练过的狗比未训练的狗更能独立解决新问题的原因。 1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“In a number of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.(在多项研究中，研究人员发现，训练有素的狗在独立解决新出现的问题时，可能比未经训练的宠物狗更有成效)”可知，作者是通过展示一个研究结论来引入章主题的，故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It includes reinforcement, the rule that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more often.(这其中包括强化作用，即那些得到奖励的行为会变得更强且更频繁出现的规律)”可知，强化是指受到奖励的行为会变得更加强大和频繁。再根据第三段中“Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat(reinforcement).(每次狗盯着实验人员的脸时，它们都会得到一份食物奖励<强化作用>)”可知，每次狗盯着实验者的脸看时，它们都会得到奖励<强化>。因此，选项B“Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up.(每次山羊站起来时给它一些草)”可以看作是强化，因为它是对山羊站起来这一行为的奖励，故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.(换句话说，对于接受过训练的狗来说，它们新学会的行为比那些在任何方面都没有接受过训练的宠物犬的行为，持续的时间更长，也更稳定)”可知，实验中接受过训练的狗的新学会的行为持续的时间更长，故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中“It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus are less likely to be affected by extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.(很有可能的是，训练有素的狗已经学会了坚持，因此不太容易受到消退作用的影响，这使得它们在解决问题方面表现得更好)”可知，研究发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，这可能是因为训练有素的狗已经学会了坚持。故C项“Why Trained Dogs Solve Problems Better(为什么经过训练的狗能更好地解决问题)”最适合作文章标题，故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省宿迁市青华中学·期中） Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will mess up your house, destroy your belongings, bark extremely, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that turn out at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to what is acceptable. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train(驯服)it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the base for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to set up the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to create yourself top dog or leader of the dog pack(群)by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate(从属的)role by teaching it to show obedience to you. Most pet dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to ________. A. happen when they go wild B. get worse in modern society C. be just part of their nature D. present a danger to human beings 2. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is ________. A. sure to solve all the dog’s behavior problems B. a good way to teach the dog new tricks C. the base for dogs to perform tasks D. an extreme measure in obedience training 3. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A. To avoid being punished. B. To show their feeling for their masters. C. To win leadership of the dog pack. D. To show their willingness to obey. 4. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______. A. can give the dog more rewards B. will enjoy a better family life C. will have more confidence in himself D. can give the dog more freedom 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是狗的行为问题及其根源，并强调通过服从训练改善狗的行为，增进人与狗之间的关系。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that turn out at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing.(几乎所有行为问题都是完全正常的狗类活动，只是发生在错误的时间、地点或针对错误的对象)”可知，狗的行为问题实际上是它们正常的自然行为，只是发生在错误的时间、地点或针对错误的对象，由此可知，行为问题本质上是狗天性的一部分，故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.(训练为你和狗之间打开了一条沟通渠道。有效的沟通对于指导狗完成你希望它做的事情是必要的)”可知，只有通过沟通，狗才能理解主人的指令并执行相应的行为，由此可知，有效的沟通是训练狗完成任务的基础，故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Most pet dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.(大多数宠物狗喜欢表演技巧，以愉快地接受你是主人的事实)”可知，狗表演技巧是为了表达它们愿意服从主人，故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.(一只训练有素的狗会更加自信，并且比未受训练的狗更安全地被赋予更多的自由)”可知，当狗接受有效的服从训练后，主人可以给予它更多自由，故选D项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省无锡市一中·期中） Each fall, the California coast welcomes large numbers of North America’s monarch butterflies(黑脉金斑蝶). In the past, millions of the brightly colored insects gathered in groups of California trees to spend the winter. But over the last few decades, the number of these monarchs has fallen sharply. Poisoning may partly explain this loss, a new study finds. People use pesticides(杀虫剂)to kill off different types of pests and weeds(害虫和杂草).Pesticides can also poison non-pests. Scientists had worried that such pollutants might be harming monarchs. But no one knew how much risk these insects faced. To find out, a team of scientists focused on California’s Central Valley. It’s home to cities,towns and natural areas; it is also an important place for the monarchs to give birth. The researchers sampled(取样)more than 200 milkweed plants across the valley, which monarch caterpillars(幼虫)only feed on. They recognized 64 different pesticides on their samples. The average plant contained nine. Some had as many as 25. Nearly one in every three of the plants had pesticide levels known to be deadly to monarchs. “We were surprised that we found pesticides in all of the samples,” says Sarah Hoyle, a pesticide expert. “Everywhere we looked — home gardens, parks, agricultural lands, wildlife reserves — pesticides were present.” The highest levels of pesticides were found on milkweeds for sale at garden stores. Garden stores want their plants to look attractive, Hoyle notes, and “one way to help with this is to use chemicals.” But people who buy milkweed plants often don’t know they have been treated with pesticides. Of course, pesticides are unlikely to be the only cause for the monarchs’ decrease, Hoyle notes. Both habitat(栖息地)loss and climate change also could present risks. However, the new findings point to the need for stronger action to limit pesticide pollution, Hoyle argues. Many people are planting milkweed plants to feed monarch caterpillars. It now appears necessary to ask garden stores if their plants were grown without the use of long-lasting pesticides, she says. That way your gardens can host milkweeds without accidentally harming monarch caterpillars. 1. What should be responsible for the monarchs’ decrease according to the study? A. The use of chemicals. B. Extreme weather. C. Wildfires in California. D. Reduction of food resources. 2. What do we know about milkweed plants? A. They mainly grow in the valleys of California. B. They play a key role in the life circle of monarchs. C. They are very popular with people who love gardening. D. They are used by researchers to feed monarch caterpillars. 3. Which milkweeds may have the most harmful effects on monarchs? A. Those in parks. B. Those at garden stores. C. Those in wildlife reserves D. Those on agricultural lands. 4. What is Sarah Hoyle’s advice for people? A. Not using pesticides in their fields. B. Planting more flowers in their gardens. C. Not buying milk weeds from garden stores. D. Managing to grow pesticide-free milkweeds. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加利福尼亚黑脉金斑蝶数量锐减的原因，研究发现这可能与杀虫剂的使用有关，并且提出了保护黑脉金斑蝶的一些建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nearly one in every three of the plants had pesticide levels known to be deadly to monarchs.(几乎三分之一的植物中杀虫剂水平已知对黑脉金斑蝶是致命的)”可知，化学药品的使用是导致黑脉金斑蝶数量减少的原因之一，故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers sampled(取样)more than 200 milkweed plants across the valley, which monarch caterpillars(幼虫)only feed on.(研究人员在山谷中取样了200多株乳草植物，黑脉金斑蝶幼虫仅以此为食)”可知，乳草在黑脉金斑蝶的生命周期中起着重要作用，故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The highest levels of pesticides were found on milkweeds for sale at garden stores.(在园艺商店出售的乳草中发现了最高水平的杀虫剂)”可知，在园艺商店的乳草可能对黑脉金斑蝶有最有害的影响，故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It now appears necessary to ask garden stores if their plants were grown without the use of long-lasting pesticides, she says. That way your gardens can host milkweeds without accidentally harming monarch caterpillars.(她说，现在似乎有必要询问园艺商店，他们的植物是否在没有使用长效杀虫剂的情况下种植。这样你的花园就可以容纳乳草，而不会意外伤害黑脉金斑蝶的幼虫)”可知，Sarah Hoyle建议人们设法种植不含杀虫剂的乳草，故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25学年高一下·江苏省海门中学·期中） Singapore’s Gardens by the Bay stands as a shining example of the nation’s promise to bring nature into city living. This groundbreaking project, built in 2012, shows how creative design and green living can appear at the same time in a busy central city. The project covers 101 hectares of recovered land and features three waterfront gardens: Bay South, Bay East, and Bay Central. The centerpiece, Bay South, is home to the famous Supertree Grove, a collection of gardens that reach heights of up to 50 metres. These Supertrees not only serve as sightseeing wonders but also play an important role in the park’s sustainable ecosystem(可持续生态系统)by collecting rainwater, producing solar energy, and providing living areas for local high land wildlife. Besides, the Cloud Forest is a wonderful glass dome(圆顶)that houses a 35-metre-tall mountain covered with plants and an eye-catching indoor waterfall. Visitors can start a journey through the forest, learning about the local biodiversity(生物多样性). As Gardens by the Bay continues to grow, there are exciting plans for development in the works. Future projects may include new garden exhibits, interactive equipment, and better sustainability ways. The gardens aim to remain at the leading position of creative green spaces, inspiring visitors with new experiences and educational chances. One wisdom from the project is the importance of teamwork between various groups of people. The Singapore government worked closely with builders, engineers, and environmentalists to ensure that the design was not only attractive but also ecologically sound. The method drove the application of modern technologies, which allow for the plantation of various plants from different climates. The gardens utilize rainwater gathering, solar energy, and natural airing to reduce energy and water usage. Moreover, the project stresses the value of public partnership. It also encourages visitors to connect with nature and understand the importance of biodiversity. This has led to increased community cooperation and a greater love for the environment. 1. What does the Gardens by the Bay project show? A. How city planners can use modern technology. B. How Singapore includes green living into a city. C. How citizens grow more plants in limited space. D. How Singapore spreads its city planning experience. 2. What is a function of the Supertree Grove? A. It is home to the waterfront gardens. B. It supports the park sustainability. C. It houses a mountain covered with plants. D. It shows the high land’s biodiversity. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The project’s general features. B. The project’s basic facilities. C. The project’s important experience. D. The project’s future development. 4. What does the underlined word “utilize” in the last paragraph mean? A. Give way to. B. Keep track of. C. Pay attention to. D. Take advantage of. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新加坡滨海湾花园项目的特点与意义。 1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“Singapore’s Gardens by the Bay stands as a shining example of the nation’s promise to bring nature into city living. This groundbreaking project, built in 2012, shows how creative design and green living can appear at the same time in a busy central city.(新加坡滨海湾花园是该国将自然融入城市生活的承诺的一个光辉典范。这个开创性的项目建于2012年，展示了在繁忙的中心城区，创意设计和绿色生活可以同时呈现)”可知，滨海湾花园项目展示了新加坡如何将绿色生活融入城市，故选B。 2. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“These Supertrees not only serve as sightseeing wonders but also play an important role in the park’s sustainable ecosystem(可持续生态系统)by collecting rainwater, producing solar energy, and providing living areas for local high land wildlife.(这些超级树不仅是观光奇观，还在公园的可持续生态系统中发挥着重要作用，它们收集雨水、产生太阳能，并为当地高地野生动物提供栖息地)”可知，Supertree Grove的功能是支持公园的可持续性，故选B。 3. 主旨大意题。由文章第三段“As Gardens by the Bay continues to grow, there are exciting plans for development in the works. Future projects may include new garden exhibits, interactive equipment, and better sustainability ways. The gardens aim to remain at the leading position of creative green spaces, inspiring visitors with new experiences and educational chances.(随着滨海湾花园的不断发展，还有许多令人兴奋的发展计划正在酝酿中。未来的项目可能包括新的花园展览、互动设备和更好的可持续性方式。滨海湾花园旨在保持创意绿色空间的领先地位，为游客提供新的体验和受教育的机会)”可知，本段主要介绍了滨海湾花园项目的未来发展计划，故选D。 4. 词义猜测题。由文章最后一段中“rainwater gathering, solar energy, and natural airing to reduce energy and water usage.(雨水收集、太阳能和自然通风来减少能源和水资源的消耗)”可知，花园利用雨水收集、太阳能和自然通风等手段来减少能源和水资源的消耗。utilize意为“利用”，与take advantage of“利用”，意思相符，故选D。 主题01 人与社会——人工智能与互联网 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏苏州·期中） There’s a cat-and-mouse game between those using generative(生成的)AI chatbots to produce text undiscovered and those trying to catch them. Many believe the telltale signs do exist, but they don’t know exactly what the differences are. Researchers at four U. S. universities, however, have taken a better approach, identifying linguistic(语言学的)fingerprints that reveal which large language model(LLM)produced a given text. “All these chatbots are coming out every day, and we interact with them, but we don’t really understand the differences between them,” says Mingjie Sun, a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University and lead author of the study. “By training a machine learning classifier(分类器)to do this task, and by looking at the performance of that classifier, we can then tell the difference between different LLMs.” Sun and his colleagues developed a machine learning model that analyzed the outputs of five popular LLMs, and was able to tell them apart with 97.1% accuracy(精确性). Their machine learning model uncovered distinct speech patterns unique to each LLM. ChatGPT’s GPT — 4 model, for instance, tends to use “utilize” more than other models. DeepSeek is partial to saying “certainly”. Google’s Gemini often begins its conclusions with the word “essentially”, while Anthropic’s Claude overuses phrases like “according to” and “according to the text” when referring to its sources. xAI’s Grok stands out as more talkative, often reminding users to “remember” key points while guiding them through arguments with “not only” and “but also”. “The writing and the word choices are different,” says Yida Yin, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and a coauthor of the paper. These findings can assist users in selecting the best model for specific writing tasks — or aid those trying to catch AI-generated text pretending to be human work. So, remember: according to this study, if a model uses certain words, it’s certainly possible to identify it. 1. What is the purpose of the study? A. To improve different LLMs. B. To produce undiscovered AI texts. C. To tell different LLMs apart. D. To identify which LLM is better. 2. What tool did the researchers use to conduct the study? A. A machine learning classifier. B. Linguistic fingerprints. C. Five popular LLMs. D. AI chatbots. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Potential application of the research findings. B. Further explanation of the research methods. C. Detailed description of the research process. D. Supportive examples of the research results. 4. In what aspect might users benefit from these findings? A. Model selection. B. Text production. C. Model building. D. Text writing. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了美国四所大学的研究人员针对生成式人工智能聊天机器人展开的一项研究。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at four U. S. universities, however, have taken a better approach, identifying linguistic(语言学的)fingerprints that reveal which large language model(LLM)produced a given text.(然而，美国四所大学的研究人员采用了更好的方法，通过识别语言指纹来揭示哪个大型语言模型（LLM）产生了给定的文本)”以及第二段“By training a machine learning classifier(分类器)to do this task, and by looking at the performance of that classifier, we can then tell the difference between different LLMs.(通过训练机器学习分类器来完成这项任务，并通过观察分类器的性能，我们可以区分不同大型语言模型之间的区别)”可知，研究目的是区分不同大型语言模型，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“By training a machine learning classifier(分类器)to do this task, and by looking at the performance of that classifier, we can then tell the difference between different LLMs.(通过训练机器学习分类器来完成这项任务，并通过观察分类器的性能，我们可以区分不同大型语言模型之间的区别)”可知，研究人员使用机器学习分类器来进行这项研究，故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“ChatGPT’s GPT — 4 model, for instance, tends to use “utilize” more than other models. DeepSeek is partial to saying “certainly”. Google’s Gemini often begins its conclusions with the word “essentially”, while Anthropic’s Claude overuses phrases like “according to” and “according to the text” when referring to its sources. xAI’s Grok stands out as more talkative, often reminding users to “remember” key points while guiding them through arguments with “not only” and “but also”. “The writing and the word choices are different,” says Yida Yin, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and a coauthor of the paper.(例如，ChatGPT的GPT-4模型比其他模型更倾向于使用“利用”。DeepSeek偏向于说“当然”。谷歌的Gemini经常以“本质上”这个词开始它的结论，而《人类学》的克劳德在提到它的来源时过度使用“根据”和“根据文本”这样的短语。xAI的Grok更健谈，经常提醒用户“记住”关键点，同时用“不仅”和“而且”来引导他们进行争论。加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员、该论文的合著者Yida Yin说：“写作和用词都不一样。”)”可知，第四段的主要内容是研究结果的支持性例子，故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“These findings can assist users in selecting the best model for specific writing tasks — or aid those trying to catch AI-generated text pretending to be human work.(这些发现可以帮助用户为特定的写作任务选择最佳模型，或者帮助那些试图捕捉人工智能生成的假装是人类工作的文本的人)”可知，用户在模型选择方面可以从这些发现中受益，故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏宿迁市沭阳县·期中） Imagine a world where technology helps doctors see diseases earlier, develop treatments faster, and care for patients more personally. That’s the promise of Artificial Intelligence, or AI, in healthcare. AI’s first big role is in diagnosis. Think of it like a super-smart assistant for doctors. In skin cancer checks, AI algorithms(算法)can analyze skin images and spot melanoma — a dangerous skin cancer — with surprising accuracy. It can even notice tiny details that human eyes might miss. Similarly, when looking at X-rays or MRI scans, AI can quickly highlight areas that need a doctor’s attention, helping catch illnesses like cancer or heart disease sooner. Beyond diagnosis, AI speeds up drug development. By simulating molecular interactions, AI recognizes potential drug candidates faster and cheaper than traditional methods. This breakthrough could lead to lifesaving treatments for conditions like Alzheimer’s and cancer. Wearable devices, like smartwatches, are getting smarter thanks to AI. They can track your heart rate, sleep, and even stress levels. If something unusual is detected, like an irregular heartbeat, the device can send a warning, which lets you and your doctor act fast. AI can also help create treatment plans tailored just for you by considering your health history, lifestyle, and even genetics. While AI is powerful, it’s not perfect. It needs lots of data to learn, and if that data is biased — for example, mostly from one group of people — it might not work well for everyone. Furthermore, ethical dilemmas also arise. While AI improves decision-making, it cannot take the place of human empathy(同理心). Doctors can listen, empathize, and make complex decisions. Their intuition and patient communication remain irreplaceable. Striking a balance between AI efficiency and human touch is significant. So AI isn’t here to replace doctors or nurses. Instead, it’s a tool to help them provide better, faster, and more personalized care. As AI technology grows, so will our ability to rise to health challenges and improve lives. The future of healthcare isn’t just about machines — it’s about how we use them to work better together. 1. What is a key advantage of AI in diagnosis? A. It reduces the cost of MRI scans. B. It can replace radiologists completely. C. It speeds up hospital check-in processes. D. It detects illnesses missed by human doctors. 2. What can be inferred about AI’s impact on healthcare? A. AI-powered wearable device can treat heart diseases. B. AI algorithms can only be used in skin cancer checks. C. AI will cause people’s need for hospitals to disappear. D. AI’s speeding up drug discovery might lead to breakthroughs. 3. Why might AI fail to work equally well for all patients? A. Because it lacks human empathy. B. Because it may learn from biased data. C. Because it can’t replace the human touch. D. Because it can’t improve human decisions. 4. What is the best title of this article? A. The Promise of AI: Serving as a Powerful Tool B. AI in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges C. The Future of Healthcare: Replacing Doctors with AI D. AI in Healthcare: Revolutionizing Diagnosis and Treatment 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能在医疗领域的应用、优势、挑战及前景。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It can even notice tiny details that human eyes might miss. Similarly, when looking at X-rays or MRI scans, AI can quickly highlight areas that need a doctor’s attention, helping catch illnesses like cancer or heart disease sooner.(它甚至能注意到人眼可能忽略的微小细节。同样，在查看X光或MRI扫描时，AI可以快速突出显示需要医生注意的区域，帮助更快地发现癌症或心脏病等疾病)”可知，人工智能在诊断方面的一个关键优势是它能检测出人类医生可能漏诊的疾病，故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“By simulating molecular interactions, AI recognizes potential drug candidates faster and cheaper than traditional methods. This breakthrough could lead to lifesaving treatments for conditions like Alzheimer’s and cancer.(通过模拟分子相互作用，人工智能比传统方法更快、更便宜地识别出潜在的药物候选物。这一突破可能为阿尔茨海默氏症和癌症等疾病带来挽救生命的治疗方法)”可知，人工智能加速药物发现，这可能会导致医疗突破，故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It needs lots of data to learn, and if that data is biased— for example, mostly from one group of people — it might not work well for everyone.(它需要大量的数据来学习，如果这些数据存在偏见——例如，主要来自一组人——那么它可能并不适用于所有人)”可知，人工智能可能无法对所有患者都同样有效，因为它可能从有偏见的数据中学习，故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Imagine a world where technology helps doctors see diseases earlier, develop treatments faster, and care for patients more personally. That’s the promise of Artificial Intelligence, or AI, in healthcare.(想象一下这样一个世界：在那里，科技助力医生更早地发现疾病，更迅速地研发治疗方案，并且能为患者提供更具个性化的护理。这就是人工智能(AI)在医疗保健领域所展现出的前景)”可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能在医疗领域的应用、优势、挑战及前景，因此B选项“AI in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges(人工智能在医疗领域：机遇与挑战)”最符合文章标题，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏淮安市淮安区·期中） It is a popular viewpoint that time spent online is bad for our health because surfing the Internet or checking our phones sometimes takes us away from activities which are considered healthier, such as playing sports or socializing. As the digital economy develops, such behavior is often linked to reduced well-being. However, a new global study has found a surprising answer: The Internet might be good for you. The University of Oxford researchers studied data on the psychological(心理的)well-being of over 2 million people across 168 countries between 2006 and 2021. They looked at 8 indicators(标志)of well-being among the individuals, who were aged 15 to 99, including life satisfaction, daily negative and positive experiences and physical health. The researchers applied well-being indicators to test the relationship between Internet use and well-being outcomes. They found that Internet access was related to positive well-being among some people. Despite the study’s overall positive findings, however, the link between Internet access and positive well-being was fainter for young women. While some links between Internet connectivity and well-being were positive, some links were negative — with the most observed among women aged 15 to 24 years old. The researchers state that many studies have shown social media use to be connected with greater depression, especially among young women. A systematic review of research into the topic found higher levels of social media use were connected with worse mental health outcomes, and higher levels of social media use were connected with an increased risk of internalizing and externalizing difficulties among youths, especially females. The same report also noted that the impacts of social media on mental health are complex(复杂的), as different goals are served by different behaviors, and different outcomes are produced by different patterns of use. All in all, social media use offers both benefits and risks to the health of young people, so particularly, teenage students should treat it properly. 1. What did the University of Oxford researchers study? A. The influence of social media on physical health. B. The mental health of people in different countries. C. The effects of outdoor activities on physical health. D. The relationship between Internet use and mental health. 2. What does the underlined word “fainter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Weaker. B. Closer. C. More obvious. D. More complex. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The benefits of social media for women. B. The effects of social media on youths. C. The increased risks of human socialization. D. The difficulties of research on human connection. 4. Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A. Sport and health. B. Economy and life. C. Technology and society. D. Philosophy and psychology. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述互联网对幸福感的影响复杂，社交媒体对青少年利弊并存，需理性使用。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers applied well-being indicators to test the relationship between Internet use and well-being outcomes. They found that Internet access was related to positive well-being among some people.(研究人员运用幸福感指标来测试互联网使用与幸福感结果之间的关系。他们发现，对一些人来说，上网与积极的幸福感有关)”可知，研究通过分析互联网接入与幸福感指标的关系，探讨互联网使用对心理健康的影响，即网络使用与心理健康的关系，故选D。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Despite the study’s overall positive findings(尽管这项研究总体上是积极的)”及“While some links between Internet connectivity and well-being were positive, some links were negative — with the most observed among women aged 15 to 24 years old. The researchers state that many studies have shown social media use to be connected with greater depression, especially among young women.(虽然互联网连接和幸福感之间有一些积极的联系，但也有一些消极的联系——在15至24岁的女性中观察到的联系最多。研究人员表示，许多研究表明，社交媒体的使用与更大的抑郁有关，尤其是在年轻女性中)”可知，前文指出互联网连接与幸福感之间有一些积极的联系，而后文补充年轻女性使用社交媒体更易抑郁，二者形成转折对比，由此推断互联网连接与年轻女性的幸福感之间关系不大，由此推断划线单词的含义是“关联性较弱，并无明显联系”，故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“All in all, social media use offers both benefits and risks to the health of young people, so particularly, teenage students should treat it properly.(总而言之，社交媒体的使用对年轻人的健康既有好处也有风险，所以青少年学生尤其应该正确对待它)”可知，最后一段聚焦社交媒体对青少年（尤其是女性）心理健康的影响，强调利弊并存，即最后一段主要讲述社交媒体对年轻人的影响，故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“As the digital economy develops, such behavior is often linked to reduced well-being.(随着数字经济的发展，这种行为往往与幸福感下降有关)”以及最后一段“All in all, social media use offers both benefits and risks to the health of young people, so particularly, teenage students should treat it properly.(总而言之，社交媒体的使用对年轻人的健康既有好处也有风险，所以青少年学生尤其应该正确对待它)”可知，全文围绕互联网技术对心理健康和社会行为的影响展开，由此推断本文主要出自杂志中技术与社会部分，故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·江苏连云港市赣榆区·期中） The mobile game Tower of Fantasy, developed by the Beijing-based movie and gaming company Perfect World, became an overseas hit last year. It was the No.1 free Internet download app in more than 40 countries and regions and ranked(排名)among the top 10 bestsellers in more than 30 countries and regions. Its content, characters and scenery are all related to Chinese stories. Such commercial success will bring more opportunities for game players worldwide to experience Chinese culture, says Xiao Hong, CEO of Perfect World. “It is important to learn how to use the Internet as a carrier to encourage experience exchanges at home and abroad and spread Chinese culture all over the world.” Xiao says. William Brown, an American professor at Xiamen University, says the Internet has changed people’s lives, and its greatest potential lies in helping people bridge the gaps between people and countries. “However, the spread of misinformation has become a serious issue. Fake news can quickly go viral, influencing public opinion and causing confusion.” Brown says. Many foreign students use convenient Internet communication tools to contact their family during their stay in China, and carry out academic(学术的)exchanges with scholars across the world. “The Internet not only provides an excellent platform(平台)for us to understand China, but also offers us more chances to tell the stories of international students in China to the rest of the world and the stories of Central Asia to China,” Bayram, a Turkmenian student, says. He also added that as the Internet continues to develop, China will undoubtedly become a key player and contribute to the shaping of an increasingly digital world. 1. What can we learn about the game Tower of Fantasy? A. It is a paid app overseas. B. It is related to Chinese culture. C. It tops the rank list worldwide. D. It is developed by a foreign company. 2. What does Xiao Hong stress? A. The plan to make Chinese games popular overseas. B. The need to develop more mobile games with Chinese elements. C. The challenge of competing with other gaming companies globally. D. The importance of promoting cultural exchanges through the Internet. 3. What does the underlined phrase “go viral” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Prove wrong. B. Spread quickly. C. Remain unnoticed. D. Disappear gradually 4. What benefits does the Internet brings to foreign students in China? A. It offers a platform to learn cultures and share stories. B. It allows family members to communicate face to face. C. It ensures China’s role in developing digital technology. D. It serves as a tool for academic research and data collection. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了完美世界开发的手机游戏《幻塔》在海外的成功，并强调了互联网在促进文化交流方面的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Its content, characters and scenery are all related to Chinese stories.(它的内容、人物和风景都与中国故事有关)”可知，这款游戏与中国文化有关，故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It is important to learn how to use the Internet as a carrier to encourage experience exchanges at home and abroad and spread Chinese culture all over the world.(学习如何利用互联网作为载体，鼓励国内外经验交流，向世界传播中国文化是非常重要的)”可知，肖红强调了通过互联网促进文化交流的重要性，故选D项。 3. 词义猜测题。根据上文“However, the spread of misinformation has become a serious issue.(然而，错误信息的传播已经成为一个严重的问题)”可知，虚假新闻可能会迅速传播开来，影响公众舆论并造成混乱。由此可知，go viral意为“迅速传播”，故选B项。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The Internet not only provides an excellent platform(平台)for us to understand China, but also offers us more chances to tell the stories of international students in China to the rest of the world and the stories of Central Asia to China.(互联网不仅为我们了解中国提供了一个极好的平台，也为我们提供了更多的机会，向世界其他地方讲述在华留学生的故事，向中国讲述中亚的故事)”可知，互联网为在华留学生提供了一个了解文化和分享故事的平台，故选A项。 主题01 人与社会——科学研究新发现 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·江苏苏州·期中） A few years back, you started a vacation with friends, creating treasured memories of beach walks, ocean swims, and amazing sunsets. However, the trip had its share of challenges: long drives, food concerns, and unpredictable weather. Over time, you find yourself recalling the pleasant moments while the inconveniences disappear gradually. This is known as rosy retrospection(回忆), a cognitive bias(认知偏见)where we remember past events more positively than they actually were. This phenomenon results from how our brains work to form memories. When recalling events, our brains tend to focus more on the positive aspects and put less emphasis on the negative ones. This selective memory helps maintain emotional well-being by allowing us to remove discomfort from past experiences. Nostalgia(怀旧)also plays a significant role by awakening feelings of warmth and belonging, leading to a more positive view of the past. Furthermore, our current emotional state and self-advancement bias can influence how we remember past events, making them seem more favorable. For instance, if we are feeling down, we might recall happier times to better our mood. While rosy retrospection can uplift our moods, increase life satisfaction, and aid in coping with difficult situations by providing a sense of continuity and positive self-identity, it can also create an unrealistic view of the past, leading to decisions based on idealized memories rather than reality. This is one reason why we might repeatedly return to unhealthy relationships. The longer time passes since an event, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad, and perhaps even forgive unforgivable behavior. Realizing and understanding this cognitive bias is important for making right and beneficial decisions. This awareness can help us avoid falling into the trap of idealizing the past so that we can learn from our experiences without being misled by the overly positive lens(透镜)of rosy retrospection. 1. How do people with rosy retrospection typically behave? A. They share challenges of trips happily. B. They view previous experiences positively. C. They recall the pleasant moments with bias. D. They create treasured vacation memories with ease. 2. How many factors contribute to the phenomenon of rosy retrospection? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A. The potential risks of rosy retrospection. B. The positive effects of rosy retrospection. C. The necessity of focusing on positive experiences. D. The benefits of returning to unhealthy relationships. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward rosy retrospection? A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Unconcerned. D. Balanced. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玫瑰色回忆这一认知偏见，阐述其形成原因、利弊，并强调认识该偏见对做正确决策的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is known as rosy retrospection(回忆), a cognitive bias(认知偏见)where we remember past events more positively than they actually were.(这就是所谓的玫瑰色回忆，一种认知偏见，即我们对过去事件的记忆比实际情况更积极)”可知，有玫瑰色回忆的人通常会积极看待以前的经历，故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This phenomenon results from how our brains work to form memories. When recalling events, our brains tend to focus more on the positive aspects and put less emphasis on the negative ones.(这种现象源于我们大脑形成记忆的方式。当回忆事件时，我们的大脑倾向于更多地关注积极方面，而较少关注消极方面)”、“Nostalgia(怀旧)also plays a significant role by awakening feelings of warmth and belonging, leading to a more positive view of the past.(怀旧也起着重要作用，它唤起温暖和归属感，让我们对过去有更积极的看法)”和“Furthermore, our current emotional state and self-advancement bias can influence how we remember past events, making them seem more favorable.(此外，我们当前的情绪状态和自我提升偏见会影响我们对过去事件的记忆，使它们看起来更美好)”可知，“大脑形成记忆的方式”、“怀旧”和“当前情绪状态与自我提升偏见”这三个因素导致了玫瑰色回忆现象，故选C项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“While rosy retrospection can uplift our moods, increase life satisfaction, and aid in coping with difficult situations by providing a sense of continuity and positive self-identity, it can also create an unrealistic view of the past, leading to decisions based on idealized memories rather than reality.(虽然玫瑰色回忆可以提升我们的情绪，提高生活满意度，并通过提供一种连续性和积极的自我认同感来帮助我们应对困难局面，但它也会对过去形成不切实际的看法，导致我们基于理想化的记忆而不是现实来做决策)”可知，该段主要讲述了玫瑰色回忆的潜在风险，故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“While rosy retrospection can uplift our moods, increase life satisfaction, and aid in coping with difficult situations by providing a sense of continuity and positive self-identity, it can also create an unrealistic view of the past, leading to decisions based on idealized memories rather than reality.(虽然玫瑰色回忆可以提升我们的情绪，提高生活满意度，并通过提供一种连续性和积极的自我认同感来帮助我们应对困难局面，但它也会对过去形成不切实际的看法，导致我们基于理想化的记忆而不是现实来做决策)”和最后一段“Realizing and understanding this cognitive bias is important for making right and beneficial decisions. This awareness can help us avoid falling into the trap of idealizing the past so that we can learn from our experiences without being misled by the overly positive lens(透镜)of rosy retrospection.(认识和理解这种认知偏见对于做出正确和有益的决定非常重要。这种意识可以帮助我们避免陷入理想化过去的陷阱，这样我们就可以从我们的经验中学习，而不会被过于积极的玫瑰色回顾所误导)”可知，作者在文中既提到了玫瑰色回忆的积极影响，也提到了其消极影响，并给出了中肯的建议，由此可知，作者对玫瑰色回忆的态度是客观的，是平衡的，故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏南通·期中） Debra Dolan has mailed postcards to herself for over 40 years, viewing them as snapshots(快照)not only of the time and place but also of who she was at that moment. She also enjoys sending postcards to friends and exchanging notes with her newspaper carrier. “I have learned more about myself from those cards.” Dolan said. “It is such a personal experience. Reading them back — all the joys and challenges of my life — brings me such pleasure.” While some people like Dolan still enjoy writing on postcards, letter-writing seems to be becoming a lost art. Letter mail per address(letters, postcards, cards, etc.), has fallen from an average of 246 pieces of letter mail per Canadian household in 2014 to 124 pieces of letter mail per household in 2023. This mirrors global postal services struggling against Internet-based tools. Meanwhile, handwriting teaching in Canadian schools has been given less attention, leaving some youths unable to sign their names. That’s something Elena Woo. 41, in Toronto, is hoping to change. Woo is the producer and editor of Young W, an online shop that encourages what she calls an analogue(模拟的)lifestyle. including letter-writing, art and other beautiful things in life. She is determined to promote letter-writing besides digital communication. “Letters offer a choice beyond screens,” she argues, stressing that compared to quick messages, handwritten words hold more emotional weight and bring people closer. “The medium is the message.” Woo adds. pointing out how letter writing benefits both the sender and recipient(收件人)through thoughtful self-expression. As technology advances, writing by hand holds special value — a bridge between past and present, and an effective balance to digital exchanges. Whether through postcards or holiday notes, these items carry more personal meaning no digital technology can match. There’s nothing better than opening a mailbox to find a letter waiting. Like Debra Dolan’s 40-year postcard collection, this practice creates good memories that stand the test of time. 1. What does Debra Dolan mainly consider her postcards as? A. A recollection of her personal life. B. A regular activity for relaxation. C. A method for contacting friends. D. A form of her creative expression. 2. What change is happening in Canadian society? A. Growing loneliness in the digital age. B. A sharp fall in handwritten communication. C. Tough competition between postal services. D. A rising need for traditional writing materials. 3. Why does Elena Woo support letter-writing? A. It inspires a slow lifestyle. B. It encourages an artistic interest. C. It creates beautiful memories. D. It improves emotional connections. 4. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Appreciating the joy of gift-giving. B. Advancing digital communicating. C. Treasuring handwritten messages. D. Building more personal mailboxes. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述手写书信价值高及现状和推广意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Debra Dolan has mailed postcards to herself for over 40 years, viewing them as snapshots(快照)not only of the time and place but also of who she was at that moment.(Debra Dolan40多年来一直给自己寄明信片，她认为这些明信片不仅是时间和地点的快照，也是她当时自己的快照)”以及“Reading them back — all the joys and challenges of my life — brings me such pleasure.(回顾这些明信片——我生活中的所有欢乐和挑战——给我带来了如此多的快乐)”可知，Debra Dolan主要把她的明信片看作是她个人生活的回忆，故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“While some people like Dolan still enjoy writing on postcards, letter-writing seems to be becoming a lost art. Letter mail per address(letters, postcards, cards, etc.), has fallen from an average of 246 pieces of letter mail per Canadian household in 2014 to 124 pieces of letter mail per household in 2023.(虽然像Dolan这样的人仍然喜欢在明信片上写字，但写信似乎正在成为一门失传的艺术。每个地址的信件<信件、明信片、卡片等>从2014年加拿大每户平均246件下降到2023年每户124件)”可知，加拿大社会正在发生的变化是手写通信急剧减少，故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“She is determined to promote letter-writing besides digital communication. “Letters offer a choice beyond screens,” she argues, stressing that compared to quick messages, handwritten words hold more emotional weight and bring people closer.(她决心在数字通信之外推广写信。“信件提供了屏幕之外的选择，”她认为，并强调与快速信息相比，手写的文字更具情感分量，能拉近人与人之间的距离)”可知，Elena Woo支持写信是因为它能增进情感联系，故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As technology advances, writing by hand holds special value — a bridge between past and present, and an effective balance to digital exchanges. Whether through postcards or holiday notes, these items carry more personal meaning no digital technology can match. There’s nothing better than opening a mailbox to find a letter waiting. Like Debra Dolan’s 40-year postcard collection, this practice creates good memories that stand the test of time.(随着科技的进步，手写具有特殊的价值——它是过去和现在的桥梁，也是数字交流的有效平衡。无论是通过明信片还是节日贺卡，这些物品都承载着数字技术无法比拟的个人意义。没有什么比打开邮箱发现有一封信在等着更好的了。就像Debra Dolan40年的明信片收藏一样，这种做法创造了经得起时间考验的美好回忆)”可推知，作者在最后一段建议珍惜手写信息，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·江苏扬州市邗江区·期中） Imagine you’re purchasing a lottery ticket, and your heart races as you check the numbers. To your amazement, you’ve matched five out of six! What will you do next? Will you buy another ticket? For most people, the answer is a big “Yes”. When we come close to achieving a goal, we often gain a powerful energy that can drive us toward future success. Monica Wadhwa, a marketing professor at Temple University, suggests that not winning can actually motivate us more than winning itself. In her studies, Wadhwa conducted various experiments to test this concept. In one experiment, participants played a cellphone game with the task of revealing eight diamonds. After the game, those who nearly won — by getting seven diamonds — walked faster to claim their reward than both winners and losers. “Their motivation is getting intensified(加强), but then they miss it ... So what happens to this motivation? It hooks on, giving you the energy for the next goal that you have.” Wadhwa explains, “As for the winners, they inch toward their goal, they achieve it, and their motivation is satisfied, which leaves them with no need to fight for anything else.” However, this fire in your belly should be used wisely. Such motivation can push you toward significant goals, or be wasted on distractions. In another experiment at a fashion-accessory store where shoppers were given scratch-off lottery tickets, the near-winners shopped more and spent more than both winners and losers. To harness(利用)this energy, Wadhwa advises setting goals that are slightly beyond our reach. She encourages managers to establish challenging yet achievable targets for their teams. Additionally, she recommends that parents highlight how close their children came to winning when they experience losses, fostering resilience and motivation. By understanding the unique power of nearly winning, we can turn setbacks into stepping stones for future success. As Wadhwa puts it. “Winners really do not take it all.” 1. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To stress the importance of winning. B. To display harmful effects of the lottery. C. To explain the rules of playing the lottery. D. To illustrate the excitement of nearly winning. 2. According to Wadhwa, what motivated the near-winners to act faster? A. The eagerness to win another game. B. The unmet ambitions for winning games. C. The dissatisfaction of not achieving goals. D. The need for immediate recognition or rewards. 3. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A. Feeling energized does not always ensure success. B. You should not let your emotions guide your actions. C. Motivation can lead to unwise choices if not controlled. D. Having strong ambitions always leads to acting carelessly. 4. Which statement might Wadhwa agree most? A. Parents should take their children’s losses seriously. B. Managers should assign more tasks to star performers. C. Encouraging children to fight for perfection is essential. D. Setting slightly challenging goals can enhance motivation. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明接近成功（差点赢）比成功本身更能激励人，但这种动力需明智利用，例如设定具有挑战性但可实现的目标来激发动力。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine you’re purchasing a lottery ticket, and your heart races as you check the numbers. To your amazement, you’ve matched five out of six! What will you do next? will you buy another ticket? For most people, the answer is a big “Yes”.(想象一下，你正在买一张彩票，当你检查号码时，你的心跳加速。令你惊讶的是，你已经匹配了六个中的五个！接下来你要做什么？你要买另一张票吗？对大多数人来说，答案是肯定的)”可知，第一段描述买彩票差点中奖的情景，是来说明差一点获胜时的兴奋，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Their motivation is getting intensified(加强), but then they miss it ... So what happens to this motivation? It hooks on, giving you the energy for the next goal that you have.(他们的动力越来越强，但是他们错过了……那么这种动机发生了什么呢？它会诱惑住你，给你能量去实现下一个目标)”可知，未实现的赢得比赛的野心促使那些接近赢家人采取更快的行动，故选B。 3. 句意猜测题。根据划线词后文“Such motivation can push you toward significant goals, or be wasted on distractions.(这样的动机可以推动你实现重要的目标，或者被浪费在分心的事情上)”可知，这种动机可以推动实现目标，也可能被浪费在分心的事情上。故划线句意思是“动力若不受控制会导致不明智选择”，故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To harness(利用)this energy, Wadhwa advises setting goals that are slightly beyond our reach. She encourages managers to establish challenging yet achievable targets for their teams.(为了利用这种能量，瓦德瓦建议设定一些稍微超出我们能力范围的目标。她鼓励管理者为团队制定具有挑战性但可以实现的目标)”可知，设定具有挑战性但可实现的目标能激发动力，故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·江苏扬州高邮市·期中） We don’t expect everyone to sing like Adele. But we all know people who struggle to match and figure out musical pitch(音高). They’re usually named “tone-deaf”. So is tone deafness a real condition? And if so, why are some people tone-deaf? In short, yes, tone deafness is a disorder related to the nervous system, which is called amusia. However, not everyone who lacks musical skills has this condition, which affects about 4% of the population. For the majority of sufferers, it’s passed from their parents. Some people can develop amusia later in life, usually as a consequence of having serious brain damage. One of the main consequences of having amusia is that you are likely to struggle with recognizing music you have heard before, without the help of song words. But amusia differs from person to person, and so do the experiences of amusic people. The most common form of amusia is pitch-based. Many amusics lack pitch understanding, so the difference in pitch—the pitch interval(音程)— needs to be much bigger before they can feel it. Despite that, musically challenged people are able to process and recognize common environmental sounds, human voices and the musical quality of speech, possibly because speech uses larger pitch intervals to express related information. In contrast, melodies use mostly smaller ones. While some individuals with amusia are fully aware they have it, others can live for their whole lives without knowing about their condition. This is because tone deafness can show itself in different ways, and its seriousness is different from one person to another. Some people may have accidentally developed techniques to make up for their condition by relying on other signs, which can hide their inability to notice pitch accurately. Brain imaging shows that amusic brains receive and respond to pitch information, but it does not reach conscious awareness. The nerve cells in them fire in response to pitch differences that the person can’t recognize. Maybe if scientists could develop training methods that could control that unconscious response, we could find a way to solve it. 1. What do we know about amusic people? A. Most of them are born with the condition. B. Most of them hide the condition in real life. C. They may suffer brain damage in old age. D. They are people with rich musical skills. 2. What does the underlined word “ones” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Pitch intervals. B. Musical instruments. C. Human voices. D. Environmental sounds. 3. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. The influences tone deafness has on people’s daily life. B. Different signs that indicate the condition of tone deafness. C. Reasons why people are unaware of their tone deafness. D. The skills people use to make up for their tone deafness. 4. What does brain imaging show about amusic brains? A. They aren’t able to notice any pitch differences. B. They have some abnormal activities in nerve cells. C. They can’t receive or react to pitch information. D. They fail to consciously process pitch information. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失歌症的定义、成因、表现、影响以及大脑成像研究的相关发现等内容。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“For the majority of sufferers, it’s passed from their parents.(对于大多数患者来说，这是从父母那里遗传下来的)”可知，大多数失歌症患者天生就有这种情况，故选A。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“Despite that, musically challenged people are able to process and recognize common environmental sounds, human voices and the musical quality of speech, possibly because speech uses larger pitch intervals to express related information. In contrast, melodies use mostly smaller ones.(尽管如此，具有音乐挑战性的人能够处理和识别常见的环境声音、人声和语音的音乐质量，可能是因为语音使用更大的音程来表达相关信息。相比之下，旋律主要使用较小的音程)”可知，ones指代前文提到的pitch intervals，故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“While some individuals with amusia are fully aware they have it, others can live for their whole lives without knowing about their condition. This is because tone deafness can show itself in different ways, and its seriousness is different from one person to another. Some people may have accidentally developed techniques to make up for their condition by relying on other signs, which can hide their inability to notice pitch accurately.(虽然有些失歌症患者完全意识到自己患有失歌症，但其他人可能一生都不知道自己的病情。这是因为音盲可以以不同的方式表现出来，而且每个人的严重程度也不同。有些人可能已经意外地发展出一些技巧，通过依赖其他信号来弥补他们的状况，这些信号可以掩盖他们无法准确注意音高的缺陷)”可知，第五段主要讲了人们没有意识到自己失歌症的原因，故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Brain imaging shows that amusia brains receive and respond to pitch information, but it does not reach conscious awareness.(大脑成像显示，失歌症患者的大脑接收并对音高信息做出反应，但这些信息无法到达有意识的意识)”可知，大脑成像显示失歌症患者的大脑不能有意识地处理音高信息，故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·江苏宿迁市泗阳县·期中） A free online platform that allows speakers to practise in front of thousands of virtual audience has been released to help with the anxiety many feel when presenting to an audience. Dr Chris Macdonald, the founder of the Immersive Technology Lab at Cambridge University and who created the online platform, said the approach was an attempt to reduce the lengthy(冗长的)waits or high costs people often face when seeking help. “Most people have some form of speech anxiety but very, very few people are accessing the treatment.So what I was trying to do with this project is fix those barriers,” he said. The Virtual Reality Public Speaking platform employs exposure therapy(曝光疗法)— the idea that facing fears can help reduce them —combined with breathing exercises and eye movements that help slow the heart rate and stop the fear response. People using the technology can practise speaking in various virtual reality(VR）settings, from an empty classroom or small audiences of photorealistic(照片写实主义的)figures that yawn and scratch, to a stadium of 10,000 spectators,with the option to add distractions(分心的事物)such as flashing cameras and loud noises. Macdonald said the latter was an example of “overexposure therapy”. “The idea behind it is that this will give them extra resilience(耐力)and adaptability — you can think of it like the psychological equivalent of training with weights or running with weights or at high altitudes,” he said, adding that the hope was that afterwards presenting to a smaller real life audience would feel like a “step down” by comparison. Macdonald said the platform — which combines learning materials, feedback mechanisms and scenarios(情景)  such as job interviews — works on both Android and iOS operating systems and can be accessed through a laptop or VR headset or via a smartphone that can be inserted(嵌入)into a cheap mount. A recent study published by Macdonald in the journal Frontiers in Virtual Reality suggests the platform could be beneficial. Dr Matte o Cella, a psychologist and leader of the virtual reality lab at King’s College London, who was not involved in the work, said the platform built on the concepts of traditional exposure therapy, making it more accessible and easy to carry out. But Cella said there was a potential risk overexposure could strengthen people’s avoidance of public speaking, and that randomised(随机的)control trials were needed to evaluate the system, noting the published work did not offer many insights on its effect. 1. What’s the purpose of the online platform? A. To cut short people’s long waits. B. To handle problems in people’s daily life. C. To help people catch up with VR technology. D. To help people solve public speaking anxiety. 2. What aspect is mentioned about the platform in the second paragraph? A. Working principle. B. Practical applications. C. Background information. D. Operating instructions. 3. What’s Cella’s attitude towards the platform? A. Appreciative. B. Indifferent. C. Objective. D. Negative. 4. What can be the best title of the passage? A. The VR online platform:a secret to enjoying your life. B. The benefits of a VR online platform are in store for you. C. The founder of a VR online platform rids you of your stress. D. The VR online platform:a relief from public speaking anxiety. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个旨在帮助人们缓解公众演讲焦虑的虚拟现实在线平台。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A free online platform that allows speakers to practise in front of thousands of virtual audience has been released to help with the anxiety many feel when presenting to an audience.(一个免费的在线平台已经发布，该平台允许演讲者在数千名虚拟观众面前练习，以帮助缓解许多人在面对观众演讲时感到的焦虑)”可知，该在线平台的目的是帮助人们解决公众演讲焦虑问题，故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Virtual Reality Public Speaking platform employs exposure therapy(曝光疗法)— the idea that facing fears can help reduce them —combined with breathing exercises and eye movements that help slow the heart rate and stop the fear response.(虚拟现实公众演讲平台采用了暴露疗法——即面对恐惧可以帮助减少恐惧——结合呼吸练习和眼球运动，帮助减缓心率，阻止恐惧反应)”可知，第二段提到了该平台的工作原理，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Dr Matte o Cella, a psychologist and leader of the virtual reality lab at King’s College London, who was not involved in the work, said the platform built on the concepts of traditional exposure therapy, making it more accessible and easy to carry out.(伦敦国王学院虚拟现实实验室的心理学家兼负责人马特奥·切拉博士没有参与这项工作，他说该平台建立在传统暴露疗法的基础上，使其更容易获得和实施)”以及最后一段“But Cella said there was a potential risk overexposure could strengthen people’s avoidance of public speaking, and that randomised(随机的)control trials were needed to evaluate the system, noting the published work did not offer many insights on its effect.(但切拉表示，过度暴露可能存在潜在风险，会加剧人们对公开演讲的回避，需要进行随机对照试验来评估该系统，并指出已发表的研究成果并未对该系统的效果提供太多见解)”可知，切拉博士既提到了该平台的优点，也指出了其潜在的不足，因此他对该平台的态度是客观的，故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A free online platform that allows speakers to practise in front of thousands of virtual audience has been released to help with the anxiety many feel when presenting to an audience.(一个免费的在线平台已经发布，该平台允许演讲者在数千名虚拟观众面前练习，以帮助缓解许多人在面对观众演讲时感到的焦虑)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个旨在帮助人们缓解公众演讲焦虑的虚拟现实在线平台。因此，D选项“The VR online platform: a relief from public speaking anxiety.(虚拟现实在线平台：缓解公众演讲焦虑的良方)”最符合文章的主旨，故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25学年高一下·江苏徐州市铜山区·期中） In recent years, a new and exciting technology has emerged — quantum dots. These are tiny semiconductor particles, only a few nanometers in size. To put it into perspective, a human hair is about 80,000 nanometers thick, while quantum dots are typically between 2 to 10 nanometers. Their small size gives them unique optical and electronic properties, making them a hot topic in scientific research. Scientists have made remarkable findings about quantum dots. Research shows that quantum dots can emit light of different colors depending on their size. Smaller quantum dots emit blue light, while larger ones emit red light. This property is due to the quantum confinement effect. When electrons are confined in such a small space as a quantum dot, their energy levels become discrete, and the energy difference between these levels determines the wavelength of the emitted light. This discovery has opened up new possibilities in many fields. The methods used to study quantum dots are rather sophisticated, which need proper environment, strict conditions and various techniques. One common technique is chemical synthesis(合成). Scientists create quantum dots in a controlled chemical environment. For example, they use organic solvents(溶剂)and precursor materials. By precisely controlling the reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time, and the concentration of reactants, they can produce quantum dots with consistent sizes and properties. After synthesis, various characterization techniques are employed. Electron microscopy is used to observe the size and shape of the quantum dots, while spectroscopy helps to analyze their optical properties. The applications of quantum dots are extensive. In the field of display technology, quantum dots are used to enhance the color accuracy and brightness of TVs and monitors. Quantum dot displays can produce a wider range of colors compared to traditional displays, providing viewers with a more vivid visual experience. In the medical field, they are used as fluorescent labels in biological imaging. Quantum dots can be attached to specific molecules in the body, and when illuminated with light, they emit fluorescence, allowing doctors to observe biological processes at a cellular level more clearly. Looking ahead, scientists are focused on several research directions. One key area is improving the stability and biocompatibility of quantum dots for medical applications. Although they show great promise in biological imaging, there are concerns about their potential toxicity(毒性). Scientists are also exploring new ways to integrate quantum dots into more complex devices, such as quantum dot-based solar cells. The goal is to develop more efficient and sustainable energy sources using the unique properties of quantum dots. 1. According to the passage, what determines the color of the light emitted by quantum dots? A. The type of organic solvents used in synthesis. B. The size of the quantum dots. C. The temperature during the synthesis process. D. The concentration of reactants. 2. The underlined word “sophisticated” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. complex B. simple C. traditional D. new 3. What can we infer from the passage about the future of quantum dots? A. They will replace all traditional display technologies soon. B. Their use in medical applications will be limited due to toxicity. C. Scientists will continue to explore their potential in different fields. D. Quantum dot-based solar cells have been already widely used. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of quantum dot development. B. The properties, research, applications, and future directions of quantum dots. C. The comparison between quantum dots and traditional materials. D. The toxicity and safety concerns of quantum dots. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了量子点的特性、研究方法、应用及未来研究方向。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Research shows that quantum dots can emit light of different colors depending on their size. Smaller quantum dots emit blue light, while larger ones emit red light.(研究表明，量子点可以根据其大小发出不同颜色的光。较小的量子点发出蓝光，而较大的量子点发出红光)”可知，量子点发出光的颜色由其大小决定，故选B。 2. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“which need proper environment, strict conditions and various techniques(这需要合适的环境、严格的条件和各种技术)”可知，研究量子点的方法相当复杂，需要合适的环境、严格的条件和各种技术。因此，sophisticated在此处的意思最接近“complex(复杂的)”，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking ahead, scientists are focused on several research directions. One key area is improving the stability and biocompatibility of quantum dots for medical applications. Although they show great promise in biological imaging, there are concerns about their potential toxicity(毒性). Scientists are also exploring new ways to integrate quantum dots into more complex devices, such as quantum dot-based solar cells.(展望未来，科学家们专注于几个研究方向。一个关键领域是提高医疗应用中量子点的稳定性和生物相容性。尽管它们在生物成像中显示出巨大的前景，但人们担心它们的潜在毒性。科学家们还在探索将量子点集成到更复杂的设备中的新方法，例如基于量子点的太阳能电池)”可知，科学家们关注几个研究方向，包括改善量子点在医学应用中的稳定性和生物相容性，探索将量子点集成到更复杂设备中的新方法等。这表明科学家将继续探索量子点在不同领域的潜力，故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了量子点的大小和独特性质；第二段讲了量子点的发光特性及原因；第三段介绍了研究量子点的方法；第四段阐述了量子点在显示技术和医学领域的应用；第五段说明了未来科学家对量子点的研究方向。所以文章主要讲述了量子点的特性、研究、应用和未来方向，故选B。 Passage 7 （24-25学年高一下·江苏盐城东台市·期中） What if there is no blood left in the bank when patients need an immediate transfusion(输血)? Scientists in Britain plan to become the first in the world to produce unlimited amounts of human blood from embryonic stem cells(胚胎干细胞)for emergency transfusions. A major research project is to be announced this week, which will end in three years with the first transfusions into human volunteers of man-made blood made from the stem cells of embryos. It could help to save the lives of anyone from the injured in traffic accidents to soldiers on a battlefield by completely changing the present blood transfusion services, which have to rely on humans to donate fresh blood. The project will be led by Professor Mare Turner of Edinburgh University, who has been involved in studies on how to ensure donated blood is safe. Researchers will est human embryos to find those that can develop into the “O-negative” blood — a universal blood group that can be transfused into almost anyone, making it quite unique compared to other blood types. It is expected that the “O-negative” blood can be produced in unlimited quantities in the future, so it is of great significance to ensure the blood free from viruses such as HIV and the human form of “mad cow” disease. The project was held up because of the difficulty of finding funding for research that attempts to take scientific studies in the lab into the earliest stages of commercial development. The Wellcome Trust, the world’s biggest medical research charity, has promised to cover the cost of the project, whose spokesman said that an announcement is likely to be made in the coming week. 1. What is the primary purpose of the project? A. To save the lives of the injured in accidents. B. To inspire more voluntary blood donation. C. To produce sufficient blood for emergencies. D. To improve the present blood transfusion services. 2. Why does the author mention Professor Marc Turner’s studies? A. To praise his great efforts to find funding for research. B. To show the importance of his role in the research. C. To speak highly of his achievements in the research. D. To illustrate the uniqueness of the “O-negative” blood. 3. What’s the next stage of the research? A. Producing the blood in unlimited quantities. B. Developing the blood for business purpose. C. Ensuring the blood free from deadly viruses. D. Making the blood offered to patients for free. 4. How does the writer sound in the text? A. Subjective. B. Unconcerned. C. Negative. D. Neutral. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国科学家计划用胚胎干细胞生产无限量人造血用于紧急输血的项目。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists in Britain plan to become the first in the world to produce unlimited amounts of human blood from embryonic stem cells(胚胎干细胞)for emergency transfusions.(英国的科学家们计划成为世界上首个从胚胎干细胞中生产出无限量人类血液以用于紧急输血的团队)”可知，该项目的主要目的是为紧急情况生产足够的血液，故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The project will be led by Professor Mare Turner of Edinburgh University, who has been involved in studies on how to ensure donated blood is safe.(该项目将由爱丁堡大学的马克・特纳教授领导，他一直参与关于如何确保献血安全的研究)”可推知，作者提及马克・特纳教授的研究，是为了表明他在此次研究中因具备相关经验而起到的重要作用，故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The project was held up because of the difficulty of finding funding for research that attempts to take scientific studies in the lab into the earliest stages of commercial development. The Wellcome Trust, the world’s biggest medical research charity, has promised to cover the cost of the project, whose spokesman said that an announcement is likely to be made in the coming week.(由于难以为试图将实验室的科学研究带入商业发展的最初阶段的研究寻找资金，该项目被搁置了。世界上最大的医学研究慈善机构威康基金会（Wellcome Trust）已承诺支付该项目的费用，其发言人表示，可能会在下周宣布)”可知，之前项目因资金问题无法进入商业开发阶段，现在资金有了着落。由此推知，接下来的阶段很可能是将研究成果用于商业目的，故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“What if there is no blood left in the bank when patients need an immediate transfusion(输血)? Scientists in Britain plan to become the first in the world to produce unlimited amounts of human blood from embryonic stem cells(胚胎干细胞)for emergency transfusions.(如果病人需要紧急输血时血库没有血了怎么办?英国科学家计划成为世界上第一个用胚胎干细胞生产无限量人类血液用于紧急输血的人)”和第二段中“A major research project is to be announced this week, which will end in three years with the first transfusions into human volunteers of man-made blood made from the stem cells of embryos.(本周将宣布一个重大研究项目，该项目将在三年后结束，届时将首次向人类志愿者输入由胚胎干细胞制成的人造血液)”等内容可知，全文客观陈述人造血液项目的背景、目标、研究进展及优势，未掺杂主观情感评价。由此推知，作者是中立的语气，故选D项。 Passage 8 （24-25学年高一下·江苏连云港市赣榆区·期中） Technically, the airship is filled with hot air: an aircraft made of a large balloon full of nearly weightless lifting gases. If it makes you think of old black-and-white pictures, you are right — airships were popular at the beginning of the 20th century before airplanes took over. Now they are making a comeback. Though airship won’t reach the speeds of a jet plane(喷气式飞机), they are being talked about as forms of slow travel like ships and night trains, where the experience makes up for the speed. The large balloon could run on electric engines, making it a zero-carbon emitting(排放)form of air transport. “Also, what makes airships impressive is that they can remain in the air for a long period, and their ability to fly vertically(垂直地)up,” said leading aviation(航空)expert Thomas Thessen. The world’s largest aircraft, the LTA Pathfinderl, is being tested in Silicon Valley. LTA, one of the airship producers, is ready to enter the aviation market. It believes that next-generation airships can reduce the carbon footprint by using the helium(氦气)inside the balloon to do the lifting, rather than a carbon-emitting jet engine. Their airship can be used for more efficient cargo(货物)transport from point to point rather than port to port, and the airship can support relief efforts by delivering supplies even if roads and ports are damaged. French company Flying Whales is also currently developing airships for cargo use, aiming to reduce the environmental impact of cargo transport, while British firm HAV is focused on how a hybrid airship — using electric engines as well as helium — can unlock a zero-emission form of air travel. While the new airship still has a long way to go to be a mass travel solution, it all adds up to a change in the skies. Along with eco-friendly aviation fuel and electric planes, the new generation of airships is replacing our carbon-heavy situation of flying. 1. Why does the author mention old black-and-white pictures? A. To show airships are outdated. B. To stress airships have a long history. C. To present pictures of different airships. D. To compare the looks of airships and airplanes. 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about airships? A. Their various forms. B. Their complex design. C. Their primary purpose. D. Their major advantages. 3. What’s the function of the helium inside the balloon? A. Having the airships lifted. B. Making the airships fly faster. C. Powering the airships’ engine. D. Reducing the weight of the airships. 4. What’s the author’s attitude to the new airships? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Favorable. D. Worried. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞艇的发展历史、优势、新一代飞艇的特点以及发展前景等内容。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“If it makes you think of old black-and-white pictures, you are right — airships were popular at the beginning of the 20th century before airplanes took over.(如果你想到的是老式的黑白照片，你是对的——在20世纪初飞机出现之前，飞艇是很受欢迎的)”可知，作者提到老式的黑白照片是为了强调飞艇有着悠久的历史，故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Though airship won’t reach the speeds of a jet plane(喷气式飞机), they are being talked about as forms of slow travel like ships and night trains, where the experience makes up for the speed. The large balloon could run on electric engines, making it a zero-carbon emitting(排放)form of air transport. “Also, what makes airships impressive is that they can remain in the air for a long period, and their ability to fly vertically(垂直地)up,” said leading aviation(航空)expert Thomas Thessen.(虽然飞艇的速度赶不上喷气式飞机，但它们被谈论为像轮船和夜间火车一样的慢速旅行方式，在这种方式中，体验弥补了速度。这个大气球可以用电动发动机驱动，使其成为一种零碳排放的航空运输方式。“$