第4讲 主旨大意题-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习学生用书Word（提升版）

第四讲　主旨大意题 【即时演练】 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了著名翻译家Damion Searls对翻译的理解和他的翻译方法，包括如何阅读原文、处理语言结构以及翻译的过程等。 1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Searls提到达西先生是为了强调对文本的理解。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，在翻译《周年纪念日》时，Searls保留了作者独特的语言特征。 3.B　段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本段主要讲述了翻译是一个需要精细调整的过程。 4.D　标题归纳题。本文主要围绕翻译家 Damion Searls 对翻译的理解展开，讲述了翻译与阅读的关系，翻译时要注重对原文的理解，保留作者的语言特色，以及翻译是一个精细调整的过程等，强调了翻译是在不同语言之间进行阅读和理解的艺术。因此，D项（翻译的艺术：在语言之间阅读）为文章最佳标题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大居民卡利·洛佩兹在当地一家兰州面馆用中文与服务员交流的经历，展现了一次温暖人心的文化交流，他用中文交流的真诚时刻在社交媒体上受到广泛赞扬。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，服务员对卡利用中文和她打招呼感到很惊讶。 6.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，最让观众印象深刻的是卡利真诚地使用中文。 7.A　推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知，卡利渴望练习中文。 8.C　主旨大意题。文章开篇提到Learning new languages can be empowering， opening doors to connect with people from different cultures.，引出卡利在面馆与中国服务员用中文交流这一事件。接着详细描述了他们之间的对话过程，卡利真诚地用中文点餐、询问，服务员热情回应。因此，文章主要讲述了一场暖心的文化交流。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第四讲　主旨大意题 　　主旨大意型题目的范围一般包括：文章标题、主旨大意和段落大意等。此类题目要求学生在理解文章后归纳文章要点、概括中心思想。学生需要分析文章的篇章结构， 抓住文章的开头或结尾， 从而找出能概括文章的主题句。 设题方式 考查角度 ①What is/can be/might be the best title for the text？ ②Which of the following can/might be the best title for the text？ ③Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ ④What can be a suitable title for the text？ 文章标题 ①What’s the main idea of the text？ ②What’s the text mainly about？ 主旨大意 ①What is the main idea of paragraph ...？ ②What is the first/second ...paragraph mainly about？ 段落大意 考查点一　段落大意题 【解题思维】 【真题例析】 　　（2025·1月浙江卷阅读D节选）Martin sees a silver lining， however： She believes that anthropomorphism （拟人化） “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies， it reduces negative stereotypes about women.Similarly， anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations， for instance. 35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？ A.The quality of genderless products. B.The upside of gendering a product. C.The meaning of anthropomorphism. D.The stereotypes of men and women. 分析：根据Martin sees a silver lining， however： She believes that anthropomorphism （拟人化） “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.”以及下文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。 自主解答：B 考查点二　文章大意题 【解题思维】 【真题例析】 　　（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C节选）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However， most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm （BMF） shortens it even more. 　　BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally， it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital， restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 　　Specifically， it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud， BMF is remotely monitored.Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated， it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest， users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started. 　　Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions （排放） from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 　　BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31.What does the text mainly talk about？ A.BMF’s major strengths. B.BMF’s general management. C.BMF’s global influence. D.BMF’s technical standards. 1.读文章，概括文意 2.析选项，斟酌判断 A BMF的主要优势。 本文第一段介绍BMF缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，第二段至第四段介绍BMF的创新设计系统及其相关优势，最后一段介绍BMF员工的可持续发展理念，该选项符合文意。 涵盖性强，覆盖全文 B BMF的综合管理。 文中仅简要提及BMF的自动化系统，目的是服务于介绍BMF的优点，本选项以偏概全，不符合文意。 以偏概全，断章取义 C BMF的全球影响力。 文中未提及相关内容。 无中生有，生搬硬套 D BMF的技术标准。 文中未提及相关内容。 无中生有，生搬硬套 3.对比选项得出答案 自主解答：A 【名师点津】 考查点三　标题归纳题 【解题思维】 【真题例析】 　　（2025·全国二卷阅读C节选）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants， she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened：She was flooded， shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year， Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. 　　“Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr.Melinda Knuth， a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol， the stress hormone （激素） in our body. 　　“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30％ decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” 　　If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants， don’t beat yourself up if one （or a few！） doesn’t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care of it， but if it dies， go get another one，” Detrinidad says. 31.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A.Time to Replace Houseplants B.Plants Boost Your Mood C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants D.Plants Brighten Your Home 1.读文章，理清结构 2.析选项，斟酌判断 A 是时候取代室内植物了 断章取义，理解片面 B 植物能改善情绪 涵盖性强，覆盖全文 C 选择室内植物的小贴士 无中生有，生搬硬套 D 植物点亮你的家 断章取义，理解片面 3.对比选项得出答案 自主解答：B A 　　（2025·山东二模）When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation， Damion Searls， a famous translator， likens （比作） it to asking a reader how they “choose” what Mr Darcy， the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice， looks like when reading it.Neither is so much a choice， he says， but a response shaped by the text. 　　Translating is some kind of reading and some kind of writing joined together.If you unpack what reading is， you’re going to get most of the way to the philosophy of translation.According to Searls， translation isn’t that different from other forms of writing in English.However， what distinguishes translation is the way translators read， a close reading that engages deeply with a language’s structure. 　　When “reading like a translator”， Searls said he must identify which linguistic elements can be omitted in English and which are intentional stylistic choices by the author.When translating Uwe Johnson’s novel， Anniversaries， for example， he noticed frequent “not this but that” constructions （“the train leaves at not 7：00 but 6：00”）， which are more common in German than in English. 　　While it would be easy to rephrase for smoother English， he realized Johnson used this pattern deliberately to express a personal vision.“We can’t just erase it because it’s not just the German language： It’s him， the author，” Searls said. 　　Searls also described his process when approaching a new translation.He usually does a slow and precise first draft， which allows him to revise later without referring too much to the source material.“As much as you can avoid looking back at the original will help you direct your attention to： Does this sound like it should sound in English？” 　　When asked how to reach the point of feeling like a reader skilled enough to translate， Searls responded that while some believe mastering the source language is necessary for translation， he sees more nuance （细微差异）.Though he knows Norwegian well enough to translate the works of Jon Fosse， he wouldn’t necessarily feel comfortable translating just any Norwegian book. 1.What was Searls’ purpose in mentioning Mr Darcy？（　　） A.To explain the word choice. B.To analyze Mr Darcy’s roles. C.To stress the text understanding. D.To compare the different contexts. 2.What do we learn from Damion Searls’ translation of Anniversaries？（　　） A.He keeps the author’s unique language features. B.He changes German expressions for smooth English. C.He makes the translation simple with English structure. D.He values the readability of the translated text over the author’s style. 3.What does the last paragraph mainly convey？（　　） A.Translation is like reading. B.Translation is a fine-tuning process. C.Translation ends up with perfection. D.Translation improves when mastered. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text？（　　） A.From Culture to Culture： Bridging the Meanings B.The Choices of Word： A Translator’s Perspective C.From Reading to Translation： A Creative Process D.The Art of Translation： Reading Between Languages B 　　（2025·江苏苏州二模）Learning new languages can be empowering， opening doors to connect with people from different cultures.Recently， a man practicing Chinese gained widespread attention after visiting a local Lanzhou noodle restaurant and speaking the language in a truly memorable way.Canadian resident Cali Lopez shared a video of his interaction with a Chinese waitress and their authentic and curious exchange quickly won praise online. 　　The incident occurred in Saskatoon，one of Canada’s largest cities， with a growing Chinese community.Cali appeared anxious and nervous at the Lanzhou noodle restaurant before a waitress approached him.Greeting her in her native language， he nearly left her in shock. 　　With a smile， Cali then politely asked the waitress if he could practice his Chinese and began ordering in her language， asking questions about the menu.He noticed a dish that caught his interest and asked in Chinese， “Is this sour pickle （泡菜） soup hot？” The waitress replied， “Yes， a little bit spicy.” Cali， who works as an English teacher， was fine with mild spice， replying，“Oh， I just want to order one.” When she asked about his other food preferences， he shared his desire for a dish with rice noodles. 　　The waitress then listed the restaurant’s six types of noodles， including three round and three flat varieties.Cali appeared to struggle a bit while discussing the types of noodles in Chinese， requesting the waitress to point to the menu and explain each dish’s preparation to help him order.After some thought， he chose the thinnest of the round noodles. 　　Curious about his language skills，Cali then asked，“Can you understand me？” and waited eagerly for her response.The waitress confirmed she could， leaving Cali visibly moved. 　　The one-minute video of this genuine and heartfelt exchange has received widespread praise on social media for recording a real， spontaneous （自发的） moment without any forced emotion. 5.How did the waitress feel at Cali’s greeting in Chinese？（　　） A.Surprised. B.Confused. C.Annoyed. D.Uninterested. 6.What may have impressed the audience most in Cali’s video？（　　） A.The Chinese food. B.The Chinese language. C.His genuine use of Chinese. D.His knowledge of Chinese noodles. 7.What can we learn from Cali’s conversation with the waitress？（　　） A.He was eager to practice Chinese. B.He struggled with mild spicy food. C.He turned down her offer of help. D.He found it effortless to discuss the menu. 8.What does the article mainly talk about？（　　） A.Language barriers of dining out. B.The challenges of learning Chinese. C.A heartwarming cultural exchange. D.The importance of being communicative. 单词 聚焦 A philosophy n.理念；哲学　　　draft n.草稿；初稿　　　　　　unpack vt.剖析；解读 omit vt.省略；删去rephrase vt.重新表达；改写intentional adj.有意的；刻意的 precise adj.精确的；细致的 B confirm vt.确认；证实anxious adj.焦虑的；紧张的mild adj.温和的；轻微的 熟词 生义 A close （常用义） v.关闭；接近　　　　（文章义） adj.深入的，细致的 B catch （常用义） vt.抓住；赶上（文章义） vt.引起，激发（兴趣、想象、注意等） 词块 积累 A distinguish A from B 区分 A 和 B　　engage with 深入理解；参与 B leave sb in shock 使某人震惊be fine with 对…… 满意/接受 难句 解码 A [When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation]， Damion Searls， a famous translator， 状语从句的省略　　　　　　　　宾语从句 likens it to asking a reader how they “choose” what Mr Darcy， the main character in the novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　宾语从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　同位语 Pride and Prejudice， looks like when reading it. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 状语从句的省略 当被问及如何为翻译 “选择” 词汇时，著名翻译家达米安·瑟尔斯将其比作问读者在阅读《傲慢与偏见》时如何 “选择” 主角达西先生的形象。 提示：完成课后作业　第一部分　专题一　第四讲 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $