第3讲 词句猜测题-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习学生用书Word（提升版）

第三讲　词句猜测题 【即时演练】 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国电信公司O2利用人工智能奶奶Daisy对抗骗子的情况。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，人工智能奶奶通过占用骗子的时间来对抗骗子。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，Daisy接受诈骗训练是为了能恰当地回应骗子。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据第四段破折号后面的内容outsmarting them at their own cruel game simply by keeping them on the line可知，Daisy通过以其人之道还治其人之身之术让骗子一直在线上而击败了他们。由此可知，画线词意为“击败”。 4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的No matter how persuasive ...remain cautious.可知，Murray建议消费者提高反诈骗意识。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，沿海城市的光污染会诱导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵，大大降低珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。这一发现进一步证明了光污染的危害。因此，作者呼吁减少光污染。 5.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句While the emergence of ...it has done much harm to the natural world.可知，电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音。画线词的词义与harm相反，与blessing最接近。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第二至四段，尤其是第二段可知，夜间人造灯光会误导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第五段内容尤其是该段尾句可知，珊瑚很可能会灭绝，这令研究人员担忧。 8.D　推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段和最后一段可知，本文旨在呼吁采取行动减少光污染。 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第三讲　词句猜测题 　　词句猜测题可以是对一个单词的意义的推断， 也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断， 既可以考查生词的意义， 也可以考查熟词的新义， 还可以考查替代词所替代的内容。阅读理解题中所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境， 通过阅读上下文、根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。 设题方式 考查角度 ①What does the underlined word “...” in paragraph ...probably mean/refer to？ ②Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in paragraph ...？ ③Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in paragraph ...？ ④What does the underlined word “that”/“it” in paragraph ...refer to？ 单个单词的意义 ①What do the underlined words “...” in paragraph ...mean？ ②What does the underlined phrase “...” in paragraph ...（probably） mean/refer to？ 短语的意义 What does the underlined part/sentence in paragraph ...probably mean？ 句子的意义 考查点一　词义猜测题 1.利用逻辑关系 【解题思维】 （1）转折关系 【真题例析】 　　（2024·全国甲卷阅读B节选）Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit， but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators （食肉动物）.Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it！ 26.Which best explains the phrase “take ...up a notch” in paragraph 3？ A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster. C.Act strangely. D.Do better. 分析：利用转折关系猜测词义。根据转折连词but可知，前后半句形成转折关系。画线处前半句强调狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯而闻名，该段倒数第三句表明猫会用带来捡到的物品向主人表达爱意。结合语境和上下文之间的转折关系，可推测画线处表明猫的取物能力更强。 自主解答：D （2）对比关系 有时，文中会对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，或会出现与生词意思相反的词。因此，学生可以根据句中的对比关系来猜测词义。 【真题例析】 　　（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D节选）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives， we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future， and this is where AI by Design： A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变革）. 　　In the wrong hands， such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code （代码） that powers AI but， thankfully， Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic， making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which， by the close， will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean？ A.If read by someone poorly educated. B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C.If written by someone less competent. D.If translated by someone unacademic. 分析：对比关系猜测词义。画线部分后强调Campbell的专业经验和能力。由此可推测，画线短语In the wrong hands指如果换一个能力不如Campbell的人来写这本书。competent表示“足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的”。 自主解答：C （3）类比关系 作为一种推理方法，类比关系是指类比各对象之间存在的一种相似性（共同特征），它通过比较不同对象间的某些相似属性，从而推出另一属性也可能相似。常见的表示类比关系的信号词汇有similarly， like， also， just as， as well等。 【真题例析】 　　（2023·全国乙卷阅读D节选）In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides， there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted， especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas， all of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact （联系） between literate and non-literate societies such as these， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted， only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation， we have to read not just the texts， but the objects. 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to？ A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society. 分析：利用类比关系猜测词义。根据画线词上文a history told through things gives them back a voice和all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects.可知，作者将历史类比成一场对话，对话的一半是文字，另一半是实物。故此处画线词conversation指代的是历史。 自主解答：B （4）递进关系 递进关系是指后一句须以前一句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一句有更进一层的语义关系。 递进前后的内容表达意思相近、感情色彩一致，但递进词后的内容往往比之前的内容程度要更重，即 “前轻后重，倾向一致，语义相近”。学生可根据递进关系的这一特点，结合上下文语境，推测画线词应与其前后感情色彩、倾向保持一致。 【真题例析】 　　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C节选）When reading texts of several hundred words or more， learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 28.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean？ A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain. C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice. 分析：利用递进关系猜测词义。本段第一句说明有纸化学习在阅读多字文本时更容易成功，且有实验证明了这一发现。结合上下文语境，画线处前后形成递进关系，应进一步强调有纸化阅读的好处，结合此逻辑关系代入分析四个选项，A项（似乎不可能持久）、B项（似乎难以解释）、C项（变得随时可用）均与上文意思不一致，D项（容易引起注意）能表现纸质化阅读的好处尤其明显。 自主解答：D 2.利用解释关系 【解题思维】 【真题例析】 　　（2025·1月浙江卷阅读C节选）A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting， this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden， and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers （化肥） and power tools， it’s based on an elegantly simple principle： to garden more like nature does. 28.What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean？ A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. 分析：根据上文Referred to as matrix planting， this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden， and even some of the designing.可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和画线词所在句Eschewing fertilizers （化肥） and power tools， it’s based on an elegantly simple principle： to garden more like nature does.中to garden more like nature does可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以画线词Eschewing的意思是“避开，远离”，与Keeping away from.同义。 自主解答：B 3.利用构词法 【解题思维】 【真题例析】 　　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C节选）The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism， including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works， and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. 　　To do so， I divided the book into two parts.In part one， I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism， starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable， before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 　　Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days， you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean？ A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over. 分析：观察单词declutter含有前缀de-，前缀de-来自拉丁语，意为away from，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。结合语境，根据画线词后面的step away from可推测出画线词表示“清除，清理”。 自主解答：A 考查点二　句意猜测题 【解题思维】 【真题例析】 　　（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B节选改编）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling， with many new multimedia tools.Many young people don’t even realize it’s new.For them， it’s just normal. 　　This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.I had brought a children’s book to read.It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. 24.What do the underlined words “This hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2？ A.This provided shelter for me. B.This became very clear to me. C.This took the pressure off me. D.This worked quite well on me. 分析：根据第一段内容以及画线部分后的as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这是一种新事物。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。故画线部分的意思是“我很清楚这一点”。 自主解答：B 考查点三　代词指代题 【解题思维】 【真题例析】 　　（2025·全国二卷阅读B节选）There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 26.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4？ A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy. 分析：根据画线词上一句及所在句Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.可知，一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害。”由此可推知， it指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。 自主解答：C A 　　（2025·福建莆田二模）Scammers （骗子） are becoming tricky， turning to artificial intelligence to better cheat their victims out of money.This includes using deep fakes to present themselves as someone else.Now， AI is being used in the fight back with telecom company O2 employing an AI-powered granny in the battle. 　　Daisy， an AI-generated grandma created by British telecom company O2 as the ultimate scam fighter， is a new AI tool with the voice of a grandmother designed to talk with scammers and “waste as much of their time as possible”.Basically， she rambles on （絮叨） about anything and everything to keep them away from real people. 　　While Daisy may sound like a human， she is essentially an AI large language model with the character application of a grandma.The company worked with known scam artists to train Daisy and used an approach called number seeding to get Daisy’s phone number added to a list of online “mugs lists” — lists used by scammers targeting UK consumers.She functions by listening to the scammers and translating their voice to text.The AI then searches its large database to find an appropriate response， based on the specific scam training she’s received， and translates that text response to speech for Daisy to reply.All this happens in seconds with no additional input needed. 　　The goal is to keep the scammer on the phone for as long as possible by engaging them in a lifelike， but lengthy conversation.“Daisy is turning the tables on scammers — outsmarting them at their own cruel game simply by keeping them on the line.” Murray Mackenzie， Director of Fraud at O2， explained. 　　O2 also hopes to draw attention to scams by warning consumers to be cautious about who they may be speaking to.“No matter how persuasive someone on the other end of the phone may be， they aren’t always who you think they are.” Murray said.“In terms of tips and tricks， whether you’re shopping online， reviewing your emails， or receiving an out-of-the-blue phone call， it’s important to always remain cautious.” 1.How does the AI granny fight against scammers？（　　） A.By telling scammers funny stories. B.By taking up scammers’ time. C.By talking scammers into quitting. D.By keeping scammers entertained. 2.Why does Daisy receive scam training？（　　） A.To react to scammers properly. B.To recognize scammers’ tricks. C.To make herself more creative. D.To improve her translation skills. 3.What do the underlined words “turning the tables on” in paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　） 　　 A.Serving. B.Defeating. C.Educating. D.Tracking. 4.What is Murray’s suggestion to consumers？（　　） A.Stop answering calls. B.Use particular software. C.Avoid shopping online. D.Raise anti-scam awareness. B 　　 （2025·安徽二模）In the history of life on Earth， organisms have relied on the light of the sun， the moon and stars to find their way and schedule their lives.While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans， it has done much harm to the natural world.Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night （ALAN）， light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences， contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations， and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it. 　　Now， a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another finding about how ALAN is affecting coral reefs： Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning （产卵） outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce. 　　Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations， researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs. 　　Corals release eggs on certain nights of the year， guided by lunar cycles.If corals are spawning on different nights， inspired to do so by the confusion of light pollution， it could reduce the likelihood of coral eggs being fertilized and surviving to produce new adult corals that help reefs to recover. 　　“Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet.Mass bleaching （白化） events caused by climate change， habitat destruction， fisheries， water pollution and other disturbances have reduced coral reefs substantially since the 1950s，” these worried researchers write.“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.” 　　“If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing， we can delay switching on night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise that guides spawning remains complete，” says lead author Dr Thomas Davies. 　　Obviously， light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix.Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix， but light pollution？ We just need to turn off the lights when necessary.That can make a significant difference to the natural world. 5.What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 1 most probably mean？（　　） A.Blessing. B.Demonstration. C.Trend. D.Crisis. 6.How does ALAN affect corals？（　　） A.It blinds new adult corals. B.It misleads them into spawning. C.It keeps them from reproducing. D.It encourages coral egg hunting. 7.Why do the researchers feel worried？（　　） A.Corals are exposed to moonlight. B.Corals are likely to become extinct. C.Corals have lost their ecological value. D.Corals cause disturbances to fisheries. 8.What is the main purpose of the text？（　　） A.To analyze the impact of human activity. B.To emphasize the significant role of corals. C.To reveal the root sources of corals’ decline. D.To call for action to reduce light pollution. 单词 聚焦 A victim n.受害者　　　engage vt.使参与；吸引　　tricky adj.狡猾的；难对付的 ultimate adj.终极的；最有效的persuasive adj.有说服力的 B emergence n.出现　　　　emission n.排放（物）　　　　expose vt.使暴露；使接触 anticipate vt.预料；预期substantial adj.大量的；显著的 熟词 生义 A seed （常用义） n.种子　　　　　　（文章义） vt.植入（数据） B schedule （常用义） n.时间表（文章义） vt.调节（生物钟） 词块 积累 A cheat sb out of money 骗走某人钱财　　　　out of the blue 突然地；出乎意料地 in terms of 就……而言，从……角度来看 B contribute to 导致；促成make a difference 产生影响；起作用 难句 解码 B [Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations]， researchers are able 　　　　　　　　　　　 动词-ing短语作状语 to show for the first time that corals （exposed to ALAN） are spawning one to three days earlier 　　　　　　that引导的宾语从句　　过去分词短语作定语 and closer to the full moon （compared to those on unlighted reefs）. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　过去分词短语作状语 通过结合光污染数据和产卵观察，研究人员首次能够证明，暴露于夜间人造光的珊瑚比未受光照的珊瑚产卵时间提前1至3天，且更接近满月时间。 提示：完成课后作业　第一部分　专题一　第三讲 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $