第3讲 介词与介词短语-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关学生用书（人教版）

3.(2021·新高考I卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is you must try after the climb. 4.Someone is knocking at the door.Who might be at such a late hour? 5.They were both very tired,but of them would stop to take a rest. 6.If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay $15. 7.Kate wants a glass of milk.Will you pass it to 8.The population of China is larger than of Japan. 9.I'm not complaining,but some kids in the class have been learning difficulties of sort or another. 第3讲 考点精析 KAO DIAN JING XI [考点一]介词的基本用法 (一)表示地点的介词 L.表示地理位置的in,on,to in表示在某范围内，on指“与…眦邻”，to指在 某环境范围之外。 Changehun is in the northeast of China.(长春是 中国的组成部分) Mongolia is on the north of China.(蒙古与中国 接壤) Japan is to the east of China,(中国和日本是隔 海相望的) 2.表示“在…上”的on和in on表示在某物的表面上，而in表示占去某物一 部分。 There is a book on the piece of paper. There is an interesting article in the newspaper. 3.表示“穿过…”的through和across through表示从内部通过：across则表示从一端 至另一端在表面上通过。 Water flows through the pipe. The old man walked across the street. 4.above,below,over,under,on,beneath的区别 above 在某物的斜上方 over below 在某物的斜下方 over 在某物的正上方 beneath under 在某物的正下方 on 在某物的上面（两者接触） beneath在某物的下面（两者接触） ·19 语法突破专题一语境考查类 10.The town was still the same when I returned years later. had changed. 11.Isn't it amazing how the human body heals (it)after an injury? 12.To save class time,our teacher has (we)students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework. 13.If our parents do everything for us children,we won't learn to depend on (we). 14.On the social side,comments keep people con- nected with (they)friends and fami- ly,and even are helpful in preventing people feeling lonely. 15.Once the cranes have learned the route, can make the return migration on their own in the spring. 司与介祠短语 (二)时间介词 1.in,after in表时间，常表示“在…之内”，有时in还有 “在…之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备 两个条件：(1)所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来： (2)后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不 可，否则用after或later。 My father will be back in three days. 我父亲将在三天以后回来。 My father will be back after three o'clock. 我父亲将在3点后回来。 My father came back after three days/three days later. 我父亲是三天后回来的。 2.for,since 介词 用法 接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了 for 多久。 接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起 始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起 since 始点一直持续到说话的时刻，因而常 与延续性动词的完成时连用。 Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retire- ment. 布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了 差不多15年。 Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock. 汤姆从？点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。 9 艺考生文化课百日冲关 英语 3.during.through,over (1)during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整 个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时 间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。 He often falls asleep during the class. 他常常在课堂上打瞌睡。 (2)through在…期间；从…开头到结尾（所指 时间包括在内，此时与throughout相同。) Tom bore up well under the strain of support- ing his family through his father's illness. 在他父亲生病期间，汤姆坚强地撑起了养家的 重担。 (3)over在（做）…期间：此外，over还有“贯穿（一 个时间段)”的意思，相当于during。 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea. 我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。 (三)表示工具，手段、方式的介词 1.by.in.on 三个词都可以表示旅行的方式 (1)不涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词前不带冠 词。如：by sea,by water,.by land,by air等 (2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词需用单数， 其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如：by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship boat,by train,by space- ship等。 (3)当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用o加或 in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修 饰语。如：travel to New York on this plane,go to school on my bike等。 /思维拓展/步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用o。如： on foot,on horseback/on a horse,on a camel等。 2.with.in (1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其 后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。 We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 (2)n原料，颜料，语言，钢笔、铅笔等 大、小写字母 Please answer me in English. 请用英语回答我。 The artist wrote in ink pencil(=with a pen/a pencil). 那个艺术家用钢笔铅笔写字。 (3)注意以下固定短语： on:over the telephone/radio通过电话，广播 in this/that way by this/that means 用这那种方式 with this.that method ·20 (四)表示原因的介词 介词 用法 多用于表示情绪的形容词、身体动作、 with 状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理 状态的原因。 多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及 for reason,famous等词连用. from 常接抽象名词，表示自然或间接原因。 用于某些形容词后，后接与感情相关的 of 人或事。 常用于带有感情色彩的动词。如：cry, over quarrel,laugh,sigh等词之后，叙述所 发生事情的原因。 Her face went red with anger. 她气得脸都红了。 The West Lake is famous for its scenery. 西湖以它的景色而闻名。 (五)其他常考的介词 1.against (表示方位)倚靠着…：（表示态度）反对：（表示 对比)以…为背景 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员 会成员都表示反对。 2.beyond (表示位置)在…另一边，在…更远处：（表示 程度)超出，非…所能及 Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story. 听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。 3.except,except for,but,besides,apart from 介词 意义 用法 指整体里面排除 部分，其宾语为前 except 除…外 面的整体概念词 的同类语（一类人 或物)。 表示除去整体中 的一部分，指对非 同类事物的排除， except for除了… 它所叙述的事实 或细节部分地修 正了句子的主要 意思。 介词 意义 用法 常与nobody,none, no one,nothing,an- ything,all,who but 除…之外 等连用，此时可与 except换用。后 接名词、代词或不 定式。 句中常有other, others,also,else besides 除…外（尚）有 等词，相当于in addition to. 除 …(别 可用来替换be apart from 无)，除…外 sides,except,ex- (尚)有 cept for等。 He answered all the questions except the last one. 除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回 答了。 The composition is good except for a few spell- ing mistakes. 这篇作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。 No one but Karl went there. 除卡尔外，没有人去那里。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·北京卷)Not too long ago, a cold winter night,there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. 2.(2024·新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route... 3.(2023·浙江卷1月)Often,they'll end up filling the area small stones and using chemi- cals to control weeds. 4.(2022·全国乙卷)May21 st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially the United Nations on Novem- ber27th,2019. 5.(2022·新高考I卷)Food waste goes the moral grain. 6.(2o21·全国甲卷)Banned from the hotel 2001,Burchill is now welcome to come back,the Fairmont said. ·20 语法突破专题一语境考查类 7.(2021·新高考I卷)Some pieces of music can go 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns,including back turns for repeat pas- sages. 8.(2020·浙江卷)Some time after10,000BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived through agriculture. [考点二]介词短语 1.at十名词 at peace处于和平状态 at sea茫然：在大海上 at work在工作 at will任意地 2.beyond-+名词 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以形容 beyond doubt无疑 beyond one's reach够不着 beyond recognition面目全非 3.by+名词 by accident偶然地 by chance碰巧 by mistake错误地 by hand用手工 by nature天生地 by coincidence碰巧 4.in+名词 in all总计 in advance事先，提前 in common共有：相同 in detail详细地 in general通常，大体上 in need在危难中 in turn轮流 5.in+名词+of in terms of就…而言 in need of需要 in favor of支持，赞成 in search of寻找 in the form of以…形式 in place of代替 in case of假使 in honour of为纪念 in spite of尽管 in charge of掌管，负责 in possession of拥有，占有 in control of管理，控制，操纵 in celebration of为庆祝 in memory of为了纪念… in support of为支持 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 6.0n+名词 on purpose故意地 on leave在休假 on time准时 on exhibition/show在展出 on fire着火 on sale出售 7.out of-+名词 out of sight看不见 out of reach够不着 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of control失去控制 out of balance失去平衡 8.其他常考短语 as a result of因为，由于 far from远离，远非 for fear of唯恐 instead of代替，而不是 regardless of不管，不顾 along with与…一起 next to紧挨着 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 L.(2o25·北京卷)After all,.exploring the world shouldn't come the planet's expense. 2.(2024·全国甲卷)Russia's public health care service has been in serious need mod- ernization. 3.(2023·新课标I卷)There you will find them prepared differently-more dumpling and less soup-and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled. 4.(2022·全国甲卷)Now,Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20,planning to hike back to Xi'an in five months. 5.(2022·全国乙卷)Very small drones with ad- vanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead the train could guide it like a co-pilot. 6.(2022·全国乙卷)Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is great importance,and the industry is playing its part. 7.(2021·全国乙卷)Due to the growing populari- ty of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types trips are now be- ing classified as ecotourism. ·20 8.(2021·浙江卷)In1844 they bought it $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in1842. 9.(2020·新高考I卷)We are often ashamed our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures. 10.Museums must compete people's spare time and money with other amusements. 高考对接 GAO KAO DUI JIE 介词在语法填空题中通常以无提示词的形式 进行考查，通常从以下2个方面进行考查： 1.考查常用介词的用法 ①(2023·全国甲卷) the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. ②(2o22·全国甲卷)World Ocean Day,falling June 8th,is aimed at raising aware- ness of ocean conservation. ③(2o21·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.It was built originally to protect the city the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). 2.固定搭配中的介词使用 ①(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environ- mental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment. ②(2022·全国甲卷)And then in late Novem ber.Tilly had an operation her leg. ③(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Bamboo plants are asso ciated health,abundance and a happy home. 过关演练 GUO CUAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 L.(2025·浙江1月卷)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead the fact that they have some- thing unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜)or contributing to landfill.” 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Minimize impact and maxi- mize experience skipping major holi- days or rush hour. 3.(2024·北京卷)I thought myself,.“Why would he carry all his books?" 4."Looking at photos gives the subjects a sense purpose,and planning to take them is a motivational force,"the researchers say. 5.(2021·全国甲卷)When I was 15,my family moved Washington. 6.It's a good idea to get students to retell a story their own words. 7.It was a real race time to get the pro- ject done.Luckily,we made it. 8.A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics. 9.I have an appointment Dr.Smith,but I need to change it. 第4讲 考点精析 KA0DIAN⊥1NG:XL [考点一]关系代词 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 主语、宾语（限制性定 who 语从句中可省略) 宾语（限制性定语从句 whom 中可省略) whose(= of whom/of 人或物 定语 which) 人或物 主语、宾语（限制性定 that 语从句中可省略) 主语、宾语（限制性定 which 物 语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 L.关系代词that与which的用法 (1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的 情况： ①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所 修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ ②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very,the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用 that,不用which。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 ·20 语法突破专题一语境考查类 10.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it. 11.100 C is the temperature which wa- ter will boil. 12.Nick,it's good for you to read some books China before you start your trip there. 13.He was a good student and scored average in most subjects. 14. present,they are busy with their home- work. 15.As the only child,Jack was posses- sion of all the belongings after his parents died. 定语从句 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 ③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that, 不用which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他 所取得的成就。 ④定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问 句中时关系代词用that。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？ ⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用 which,另外一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可 能会造成污染的东西。 ⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从 句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 (2)关系代词只用which不用that的情况： ①引导非限制性定语从句。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him. 海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多， 这当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。 ②关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系 代词之前。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 3参考答案 第3讲 第4讲 考点一对点演练 考点一对点演练 1.解析：考查介词。句意：不久前，在一个家冷的冬夜，有 1,解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办 一个十几岁的接子想要更多的屏慕时间，而一个家长拒 一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自国拱（中文称为“国 绝了。在特定的时间，用介词o。 棋”)，它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性 答案：on 定语从句，修饰先行词为Go,or weigi in Chinese,指物， 2,解析：考查介词。句意：这个温室是当代设计的最高成 且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头… which引导。故填which。 答案：as 答案：which 2.解析：考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的伟 3.解析：考查介词。句意：通常，他们最终会用小石头填满 大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽 该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。用介词with。 头，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地被带到了英国，定义 答案：with 了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先 4.解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式 行词the Silk Route,先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中 将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处 作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填 表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用国定 which that。 结构“be十过去分词十by”。故填by。 答案：which that 答案：by 3.解析：考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士 5.解析：考查介词。句意：浪费食物违背道义。gainst违背。 比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡 答案：against 埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为 6.since 7.for 8.in 定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu'”,在非限制 考点二对点演练 性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词wh0引导。 1.解析：考查介词。句意：毕竞，探常世界不应以牺牲地球 故填who。 为代价。at one's expense“以…为代价”是固定搭配。 答案：who 故填at。 4.解析：考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生 答案：at 活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护， 并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词 2.解析：考查介词。句意：俄罗斯的公共医疗保健服务已 引导限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，先行词 经迫切需要现代化。in need of需要。 为species,且先行词前有all修饰，只能用关系代词that。 答案：of 故填thate 3.解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方 答案：that 式不同—一馅更多，汤更少，包子皮是用手压的，而不是 5.who 6.whose 7.that 8.that/which 9.whose 擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，故填by。 10.who'that 答案：by 考点二 对点演练 4.解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的 1.解析：考查定语从句。句意：这种地形造就了一个绝佳 西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据 的集市，在这里·人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通道 句意和Xi'an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀 来收发货物。先行诃为a perfect market,在定语从句中 什”，应用介词「rom,固定搭配from.,,to..,表示 作地点状语，故填where。 “从…到…”。故填rOm。 答案：where 答案：from 2.解析：考查定语从句。句意：那里的道路穿过大山谷，我 5.解析：句意：带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无 一次要骑上几英里的山坡。先行词large valleys在定语 人机可以像副驾驶一样引导火车前进。ahead of在… 从句中作状语，故填where 前面。 答案：where 答案：of 3,解析：考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了 长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水 6.解析：句意：帮助下一代有一个健康活泼的儿童时期是 会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句 非常重要的，并且工业也在发挥它的作用。 中作地点状语，故填wherea 答案：of 答案：where 7.of 8.for 9.of 10.for 4.where 5.when 6.where 7.why 8.when 高考对接 考点三对点演练 1.①By②on③in2.①for②on 3with 1.解析：考查定语从句。句意：然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍 过关演练 勃·约翰逊创建了有身份的生活故事模型，他在模型中 1.解析：考查介词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二 提出，当我们经历生活时，这些核心特征与我们的记忆 手的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且 相结合，创造了一个我们理解生活的个人故事。空格处 不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填理 为非限制性定语从句，根据空格前的内容the life story 问题。focus on是因定短语，意为“关注，聚焦于”。故 model of identity可知，空格处应填which 填on。 答案：which 答案：on 2.which 3.whom 4.which 5.whom 6.where 2.解析：考查介词。句意：道过跳过重大节假日或高峰时 高考对接 段，将影响降至最低并最大限度地提高体验。by通过。 l,①that/which who③whose④who 答案：by 2.①where ②when③where ②which 3.解析：考查介词。句意：我心想，“他为什么要把所有的 3.①whom 过关演练 书都拿着？”"think to oneself为固定搭配，表示“心想，暗 想”，符合语境。故填to。 L,解析：考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服 装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打 答案：t0 包成胶震衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加 4.解析：研究人员说：“看照片会给拍摄者一种目标感，而 婚礼的人，并提供更长期的和贫服务。 she 计划拍摄照片则是一种激励力量。”结合句意“目标感” plans to package as capsule wardrobes'”是非限定性定语 可知短语为a8 ense of purpose。故填of。 从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing,指物，关系词将其 答案：of 代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故 5.to 6.in 7.against 8.without 9.with 10.for 填which。 11.at 12.about/on 13.above 14.At 15.in 答案：which ·363.