专题07 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，浙江专用）高二英语下学期

专题07 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the overconsumption (过度消费) of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox (排毒)”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an Internet-free environment.When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because they’re just immersed in (沉浸于) it, However, tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin told the BBC． While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety. Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest a more realistic way to address Internet addiction. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．Why does the author talk about the term “brain rot” in paragraph 1? A．To show the harmful effects of Internet addiction. B．To criticize the overconsumption of online content. C．To give an example of words popular on social media. D．To introduce a travel trend aimed at Internet addiction. 2．What can we know about “digital detox” from the text? A．It is a long-term solution to phone addiction. B．It means traveling without a cell phone in hand. C．It is bound to become very popular in the future. D．It has a strong practical significance to popularize. 3．What does the fourth paragraph focus on? A．Why travelers are right to be worried. B．Why technology is a part of our lives. C．Why a digital detox is meant to reduce stress. D．Why it’s necessary to turn off electronic devices. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What are the benefits of being phone-free? B．Can we really avoid using electronic devices? C．Can digital detox trips really improve mental health? D．Why the term “brain rot” has become popular nowadays? Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）The average person must think the field of artificial intelligence or AI is making great progress. The boss of a top tech company thinks that in search of creating AI that has the flexibility of the human brain, “the game is over”. Don’t be fooled. We should see it in a reasonable way. Machines may someday be as smart as people and perhaps even smarter, but the game is far from over. There is still a large amount of work to be done in making AI machines that can truly understand and reason about the world around them. What we need right now is more basic research to speed it up. AI is making progress. Artificial images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments. But we are still likely decades away from human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected difficulties. The field is stuck on the same challenges that scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to flexibly deal with unusual situations. Unluckily, the fact is that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with new situations. Although deep learning has advanced the ability of AI machines to recognize patterns in data, it has three main disadvantages. The patterns that it learns are superficial. The results it creates are hard to explain. And the results are difficult to use in the other processes, such as memory and reasoning. As Harvard University computer scientist Leslie Valiant noted, “The central challenge in the future is to unify the formulations (统一公式) of learning and reasoning.” You can’t deal with a person carrying a stop sign if you don’t really understand what a stop sign even is. It’s time for AI researchers to get out of turning to the media straightly for help, and ask important questions about how to build systems that can learn and reason at the same time. 1．What does the author expect of AI? A．It’ll make less progress. B．It’ll get less basic research. C．It’ll replace human workforce in all fields. D．It’ll have the real ability to understand and reason. 2．What does the author stress about human-level AI in paragraph 2? A．Its cost and quality. B．Its speech and sound. C．Its reliability and flexibility. D．Its appearance and operation. 3．Why does the author mention “a stop sign” in paragraph 3? A．To highlight the role of stop signs in controlling vehicle flow. B．To show the impact of AI on improving robot functionality. C．To illustrate the importance of adapting technology to user needs. D．To emphasize the need for robots to be more adaptable to environments. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Bright Future Of AI B．A Reasonable View On AI C．The Rapid Progress Of AI D．More Media Attention For AI Passage 3 （22-23高二下·浙江宁波·期中）Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6,300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches (海沟) and in drinking water around the world. But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives? For the sake of the planet, it would be an attractive prospect — but we’d quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence. In hospitals, the loss of plastic would be devastating. “Imagine trying to run a dialysis (透析) unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK. Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health. Face masks — including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators (人工呼吸器) — have helped slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. “A mask that you have for COVID is related to our safety and the safety of others,” says George. “The impact of taking that away could be loss of life if you took it away on a big scale.” Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves. “I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni Iacovidou, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. Replacing plastic packaging would set off a chain reaction in the environment. While glass has some advantages over plastic, such as being endlessly recyclable, a one-liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800g compared to a 40g plastic one. When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances, carbon emissions grow even more. It’s clear that replacing one material with another won’t solve all our plastic problems. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give a definition. B．To report on a study. C．To introduce an argument. D．To describe a phenomenon. 2．What does the underlined word “devastating” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Interesting. B．Practical. C．Predictable. D．Destructive. 3．What is Eleni Iacovidou’s attitude toward removing plastic totally in food system? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Optimistic. D．Uninterested. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．What if we stopped using plastic? B．Is plastic packaging bad for the environment? C．More recycling won’t solve plastic pollution D．Swapping out plastic for sustainable living Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Many of us hold on to little complaints that may have come from an argument, a misunderstanding, the way we were raised, or some other painful events. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. A friend of mine recently told me that she hadn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case, when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn “small stuff (问题)” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go, as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that, as you reach out and let others be “right”, they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But, if for some reason they don’t, that’s okay too. You’ll have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world, and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 1．The underlined word “rekindle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”. A．develop B．recover C．accept D．establish 2．According to the author, we hold on to our anger often because we think ________. A．our own opinions matter most B．others will be less defensive C．our positions are higher than others D．we can turn small issues into big ones 3．The best thing to do after a quarrel is to ________. A．let go of our own rights B．realize you’re wrong C．expect others to give in D．apologize to others first 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We should keep peaceful when facing small stuff. B．We should tell apart small and big stuff in our daily life. C．Reaching out and apologizing wins one peace and happiness. D．It’s necessary for us to enjoy our friendship and family relationship. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江衢州·期中）Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. But one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not accept the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst- affected are young adults and mothers with small children. The knock-on effects on wellbeing are also better understood. Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. Failure to address the problem, would see the world continuing to splinter until we can no longer stand as a community. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke University in North Carolina, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” “We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.” 1．What does Spike Jonze’s Her focus on? A．Pets well-beings. B．Effects of Loneliness. C．AI’s personalized service. D．Human-machine relationships. 2．Why does the author cite the numbers in paragraph 3? A．To direct people’s attention to loneliness. B．To stress the gravity or loneliness in the world. C．To compare loneliness cases in the UK and USA． D．To clarify people’s misconception about loneliness. 3．What does the underlined word “splinter” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unite. B．Expand. C．Divide. D．Advance. 4．What does Doraiswamy think of turning to Al for company? A．It is highly debatable. B．It is not theoretically based. C．It takes longer time to see its effect. D．It is workable but needs more guidance. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江金华·衢州）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A．To fight is to grow. B．To give is to receive. C．To forgive is to abuse. D．To dominate is to harm. 3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical. 4．What message does the last paragraph convey? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality. Passage 7 （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）In a policy address to lawmakers, Japan’s Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue “now or never”, and that it “simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions”. “In thinking of the sustainability and inclusiveness (包容) of our nation’s economy and society, we place child care support as our most important policy,” he said, adding that he wants the government to double its spending on child-related programs, and that a new government agency would be set up in April to focus on the issue. Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, and it recorded fewer than 800, 000 births in 2022 for the first time since records began in 1899. The country also has one of the highest aging of population in the world; in 2020, nearly one in 1, 500 people in Japan were age 100 or older, according to government data. These trends have driven a growing population problem, with a rapidly aging society, a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to fill the gaps in the stagnating (停滞) economy. The country’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future, many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation. How about other parts of East Asia? South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate, with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime-far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population. Japan’s birth rate stands at 1.3, while the United States is at 1.6. Meanwhile, China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time, adding pressure to its economic growth. 1．With the falling birth rate, what’s the attitude of the Japanese government? A．Surprised. B．Anxious. C．Embarrassed. D．Indifferent. 2．Which of the following has led the low birth rate in Japan EXCEPT? A．The limited space. B．The trend of aging population. C．The lack of child care support. D．The work pressure and economic stagnation. 3．What are the statistics in the last paragraph used to show? A．Serious population crisis. B．Ignorance of the birth rate. C．Weak care services for children. D．Potential harm to children’s health. 4．The passage is probably taken from ________. A．a tour guide. B．a science fiction. C．a job advertisement. D．a official government website. Passage 8 （21-22高二下·浙江宁波·期中）A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was torn apart by self-criticism. “I can’t stop beating myself up.” she told me. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” Many students I teach, like this athlete, believe that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get them exactly where they need to go. When they fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are crushed by self-blame. We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play among the most privileged in particular: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it. Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone. The cruel, messy reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that feeling anything less than overwhelmed means they’re lazy, and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. It’s suggested that parents and teachers spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature. The point is not to give our kids a pass on working hard. But we would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (出其不意地击打) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who gets up the fastest. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Praising effort over ability will surely be beneficial to all kids. B．Parents should lay more emphasis on their kids’ academic performance. C．The result of the “mind-set” research doesn’t apply to all cases. D．Whether praising kids’ effort over ability does good to kids depends. 2．According to the author, how can parents help the kids overcome barriers in life? A．By encouraging them to stick to a worthy cause that they truly love. B．By discouraging them from working hard. C．By choosing where to go to college for them. D．By pushing them to fight against the cruel reality. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Students don’t care about failure at all. B．Students with positive attitudes can move on more easily. C．Students should bear all the failures on their own. D．Students are sure to succeed if they try their best. Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江金华·期中）A single-minded, tireless drive — that’s what it takes to be successful. Be “all in”. Burn the boats behind us. That message is rooted in our society, from self-help books to social media influencers all telling us that we need to commit more. The world continually sends the signal to narrowly define your goals. In my senior year, I became the fastest high-school miler in the country when I ran a 4:01 mile. When my progress as a runner reached a bottleneck, my sports psychologist told me a story about a world-class runner who had become stuck while struggling to make the transition from success in college to Olympic-level performance. “What helped her break through?” I asked. “Knitting (编织).” he replied. She had taken up knitting to relax and to take her mind off running. I was too young and stubborn to follow the advice. I doubled down — but never ran faster than my high-school record or broke a 4-minute mile. In the years since, working as a coach with top-class performers, I kept noticing that their single-minded focus was getting in their way. Their focus on achieving specific goals had become a constant, disabling signal that they were not measuring up. This single-minded approach was backfiring. Research backs this up. Researchers at Michigan State University looked at over 100 years of Nobel Prize-winning scientists and found they were more likely than their less-accomplished peers to have creative interests outside of their research. The prize-winners were 22 times more likely to perform, sing or act as a hobby;12 times more likely to pursue creative writing; and about 7 times more likely to participate in a craft like sculpting. To be sure: The more we care, and the more our job or pursuit feels like a part of who we are, the harder we’ll work. That’s helpful to a certain point. But such narrowing comes with a downside. As we get rid of other parts of ourselves, and that one activity becomes an ever bigger presence, fear starts to take over. We don’t just want to succeed. We have to. When outcomes are all that matter, our immediate response isn’t to become a fighter. It’s to retreat (退缩). So, the secret is to go in a different direction. When the world screams to go narrow, top-class performers learn to go broad. 1．How did the author respond after hearing the story of the world-class runner? A．He pushed himself harder. B．He adjusted his training methods. C．He took some time off from running. D．He adopted knitting as a stress-reliever. 2．What do we know about Nobel Prize-winning scientists in the research? A．They spent more time on research than others. B．They avoided entertainments to maintain focus. C．Their diverse hobbies contributed to their achievements. D．Their research covers a wider range of fields than their peers. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the single-minded approach? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Tolerant. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following might be a suitable title for the text? A．Why “All in” Is No Recipe for Success B．Breaking Through Fear in Competitive Fields C．Why Hobbies Outweigh Professional Training D．Narrowing Down Your Focus to Achieve More Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江湖州·期中）In an era where “digital detox” has become a buzzword, people who call themselves digital minimalists proudly delete social apps, turn their phone screens to black-and-white, or switch to simple phones. Yet their fight against technology overload often creates a confusing cycle. To reduce screen time, they use apps like Forest to track their habits; to replace iPads, they buy $200 special black-and-white devices; and to learn about minimalism, they spend hours watching YouTube videos. Surprisingly, App Annie’s 2023 report showed downloads of “digital wellness” apps jumped by 140%, proving that this movement against technology still deeply depends on it. This contradiction echoes historical patterns. In the 19th century, the British Arts and Crafts Movement fought against factory-made goods by praising handmade items. However, these handmade products became expensive luxuries only the rich could afford. Similarly, today’s digital minimalism, while trying to resist distractions from apps and ads, has created a huge $8. 7 billion industry selling “anti-tech” products. Examples include writing apps without ads, “smart” paper notebooks that need internet updates, and simple-looking gadgets. These products turn the idea of rebellion into something people can buy, like turning a protest sign into a fashion accessory. The real problem is showing off simplicity. A 2024 Stanford study found that 62% of people who call themselves digital minimalists spend the same amount of time on their phones — they just switch from social media to “approved” apps like e-book readers or meditation tools. This is similar to Instagram photos of perfectly clean desks: the empty space looks simple, but behind it are complex phone settings and app algorithms. Maybe we need a new way of thinking. Scholar Andrew Hui suggests treating technology like water — using it wisely without wasting or nervously measuring every drop. Writer Jenny Odell, in her book How to Do Nothing, argues that real freedom isn’t about running away from the digital world but finding balance within it. This could mean allowing small, joyful moments in our digital lives: a funny cat video popping up during work, or understanding that a family member’s repeated health posts in a chat group are really about showing love. When we stop judging every tech choice as “good” or “bad” and focus on meaningful connections, we might finally feel free in the digital age. 1．What is the main outcome of digital minimalists’ efforts? A．They successfully reduce screen time through strict rules. B．They depend more on technology to achieve their goals. C．They inspire others to join the digital detox movement. D．They completely abandon modern devices like iPads. 2．Why is the 19th-century Arts and Crafts Movement mentioned? A．To show anti-tech trends are not new in history. B．To criticize the high cost of handmade products. C．To prove that older generations valued simplicity more. D．To compare traditional crafts with modern digital tools. 3．What does the Stanford study reveal about digital minimalists? A．They prefer meditation apps to entertainment. B．Their phone settings are simpler than non-minimalists’s. C．They spend less time on social media than average users. D．Their total screen time remains unchanged despite efforts. 4．What solution does the author support for balancing digital life? A．Strictly avoiding all non-work-related technology. B．Labeling technology as either “good” or “bad. ” C．Embracing small digital joys without guilt. D．Returning to pre-industrial lifestyles. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）In the fiction and creative nonfiction classes that I teach at my university, I routinely stress the importance of every story having a plot and a purpose. The students who take this advice to heart typically produce some fine pieces and exit the class with a good grade. And, according to a study recently published in The Journal of Positive Psychology (心理学), they might just also go on to live more meaningful and productive lives than their less successful storytelling peers. Researchers at Reichman University in Israel conducted a series of studies exploring how skill at storytelling, or the lack of such skill, impacts the sense-making function of narrative thinking. They assessed participants’ storytelling abilities and then cross-referenced the results with a self-report scale (量表). In the first study, participants completed self-report scales assessing their sense of “meaning in life” and “approval of high-level goals”. The self-reports were used in the other two studies as well. In the second study, each participant was asked to propose “a friend who knew them very well”, and this person provided a global rating of the participant’s storytelling ability. In the third study, participants were divided into groups of three. They were then instructed to create two separate stories — one a two-minute story about an event that exhibited a personality trait that characterized them, and the other an original two-minute story using three random words — and tell these stories to the other two people in their group. The pairs of listeners then gave their ratings. Across all three studies, participants who were rated as proficient storytellers exhibited a stronger sense of meaning in life and approval of high-level goals. The results of the study also suggest a beneficial and possibly even healing role for storytelling workshops. While the concepts of “meaning in life” and “high-goal approval” are difficult to teach due to their abstract nature, storytelling can be taught. A little training in various strategies can turn a student with a notebook full of colorful but undeveloped ideas into a proficient (even if not necessarily published) storyteller. Having a plot and a purpose in your stories can translate into deeper meaning and higher goal-setting in your life. 1．According to the findings, better storytelling students will ______. A．have a more productive career B．have a stronger sense of life purpose C．achieve high grades in all subjects D．develop better critical thinking skills 2．What is special about the third study? A．Participants finish a self-report assessment scale. B．Participants take standardized writing-grading tests. C．Participants invite someone to give an overall assessment. D．Participants create and share stories with group members. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Workshops promote mental well-being. B．Teaching abstract concepts is worthwhile. C．Storytelling contributes to personal growth. D．Everybody can become a published storyteller. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A literature writing handbook. C．A psychology textbook. D．A magazine’s education section. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江舟山·期中）A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days”. Is influencing a promising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands. Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results. Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues. Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. 1．Which of the following words cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1? A．Imaginative. B．Similar. C．Attractive. D．Traditional. 2．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work? A．Standardized protection. B．Invisibility of payment. C．Assessment of own work. D．Passion for content creation. 3．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to Paragraph 4? A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed. B．Finding it difficult to create new content constantly. C．Having little knowledge of platform algorithms. D．Being unequally punished by platforms. 4．Why does the author write this text? A．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator. B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers. C．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world. D．To describe the life of self-employed content creators. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the overconsumption (过度消费) of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox (排毒)”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an Internet-free environment.When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because they’re just immersed in (沉浸于) it, However, tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin told the BBC． While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety. Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest a more realistic way to address Internet addiction. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．Why does the author talk about the term “brain rot” in paragraph 1? A．To show the harmful effects of Internet addiction. B．To criticize the overconsumption of online content. C．To give an example of words popular on social media. D．To introduce a travel trend aimed at Internet addiction. 2．What can we know about “digital detox” from the text? A．It is a long-term solution to phone addiction. B．It means traveling without a cell phone in hand. C．It is bound to become very popular in the future. D．It has a strong practical significance to popularize. 3．What does the fourth paragraph focus on? A．Why travelers are right to be worried. B．Why technology is a part of our lives. C．Why a digital detox is meant to reduce stress. D．Why it’s necessary to turn off electronic devices. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What are the benefits of being phone-free? B．Can we really avoid using electronic devices? C．Can digital detox trips really improve mental health? D．Why the term “brain rot” has become popular nowadays? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。2024年，“脑腐”一词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为“数字排毒”的旅行趋势。但是这种旅行功效究竟如何呢？ 1．推理判断题。根据文章话题是“数字排毒”的旅行以及第一段中“The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox(排毒)”.(这个词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为“数字排毒”的旅行趋势)”可知，作者在第一段中谈到“脑腐”这个词是为了介绍一种针对网瘾的旅游趋势。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices.(事实上，数字排毒并不是一个新概念。布朗大学将其定义为人们避免使用电子设备的一段时间)”可知，digital detox意味着旅行时不带手机。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是本段首句“That concern makes sense.(这种担忧不无道理)”可知，本段的重点是为什么旅行者的担心是正确的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。第一段中“The widespread use of the term highlighted the harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as ‘digital detox(排毒)’.(这个词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为‘数字排毒’的旅行趋势)”讲“脑腐”这个词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为“数字排毒”的旅行趋势，倒数第二段中“While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety.(虽然电子排毒是为了减轻压力，但关闭电子设备实际上可能会导致更多的焦虑)”讲“虽然数字排毒旅行是为了减轻压力，但关闭电子设备实际上可能会导致更多的焦虑”，最后一段中“Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution, lifestyle magazine Dazed commented.(生活杂志Dazed评论道，最终，我们的重点应该是改善我们与技术的长期关系，而不是依赖于数字排毒行业作为短期解决方案)”讲“最终，我们的重点应该是改善我们与技术的长期关系，而不是依赖于数字排毒行业作为短期解决方案”，故而，以“数字排毒之旅真的能改善心理健康吗？”为标题是很恰当的。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）The average person must think the field of artificial intelligence or AI is making great progress. The boss of a top tech company thinks that in search of creating AI that has the flexibility of the human brain, “the game is over”. Don’t be fooled. We should see it in a reasonable way. Machines may someday be as smart as people and perhaps even smarter, but the game is far from over. There is still a large amount of work to be done in making AI machines that can truly understand and reason about the world around them. What we need right now is more basic research to speed it up. AI is making progress. Artificial images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments. But we are still likely decades away from human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected difficulties. The field is stuck on the same challenges that scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to flexibly deal with unusual situations. Unluckily, the fact is that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with new situations. Although deep learning has advanced the ability of AI machines to recognize patterns in data, it has three main disadvantages. The patterns that it learns are superficial. The results it creates are hard to explain. And the results are difficult to use in the other processes, such as memory and reasoning. As Harvard University computer scientist Leslie Valiant noted, “The central challenge in the future is to unify the formulations (统一公式) of learning and reasoning.” You can’t deal with a person carrying a stop sign if you don’t really understand what a stop sign even is. It’s time for AI researchers to get out of turning to the media straightly for help, and ask important questions about how to build systems that can learn and reason at the same time. 1．What does the author expect of AI? A．It’ll make less progress. B．It’ll get less basic research. C．It’ll replace human workforce in all fields. D．It’ll have the real ability to understand and reason. 2．What does the author stress about human-level AI in paragraph 2? A．Its cost and quality. B．Its speech and sound. C．Its reliability and flexibility. D．Its appearance and operation. 3．Why does the author mention “a stop sign” in paragraph 3? A．To highlight the role of stop signs in controlling vehicle flow. B．To show the impact of AI on improving robot functionality. C．To illustrate the importance of adapting technology to user needs. D．To emphasize the need for robots to be more adaptable to environments. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Bright Future Of AI B．A Reasonable View On AI C．The Rapid Progress Of AI D．More Media Attention For AI 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能（AI）的发展现状、面临的挑战以及未来的研究方向。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Machines may someday be as smart as people and perhaps even smarter, but the game is far from over. There is still a large amount of work to be done in making AI machines that can truly understand and reason about the world around them. What we need right now is more basic research to speed it up.(机器或许有一天会和人类一样聪明，甚至可能更聪明，但这场“游戏”远未结束。要制造出真正能够理解并推理周围世界的人工智能机器，仍有大量工作要做。我们现在需要的是更多的基础研究来加快这一进程。)”可知，作者认为虽然机器可能有一天会和人一样聪明甚至更聪明，但要让人工智能机器真正能够理解并推理周围的世界，仍有大量工作要做，现在需要更多基础研究来加快这一进程。这表明作者期望人工智能具备真正理解和推理的能力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But we are still likely decades away from human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected difficulties. The field is stuck on the same challenges that scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to flexibly deal with unusual situations. Unluckily, the fact is that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with new situations.(但要实现达到人类水平的人工智能，使其能够理解文章和视频的真正含义，或者处理意外的困难，我们可能还需要几十年的时间。这个领域一直被科学家们多年来指出的同样的挑战所困扰：让人工智能变得可靠，以及让它能够灵活应对不寻常的情况。不幸的是，现实是这些系统仍然无法可靠地运行，并且在面对新情况时会举步维艰。)”可知，作者提到要实现能够理解文章和视频真正含义、处理意外困难的人类水平的人工智能可能还需要几十年时间，且该领域一直受困于科学家指出多年的相同挑战，即让人工智能变得可靠，以及让它能够灵活应对不寻常的情况，而目前这些系统仍无法可靠运行且难以应对新情况。所以作者强调的是人类水平的人工智能的可靠性和灵活性。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Although deep learning has advanced the ability of AI machines to recognize patterns in data, it has three main disadvantages. The patterns that it learns are superficial. The results it creates are hard to explain. And the results are difficult to use in the other processes, such as memory and reasoning. As Harvard University computer scientist Leslie Valiant noted, “The central challenge in the future is to unify the formulations (统一公式) of learning and reasoning.” You can’t deal with a person carrying a stop sign if you don’t really understand what a stop sign even is.(尽管深度学习提升了人工智能机器识别数据模式的能力，但它存在三个主要缺点。它所学习到的模式很表面。它得出的结果很难解释。而且这些结果很难应用于其他过程，比如记忆和推理。正如哈佛大学的计算机科学家莱斯利・瓦利安特所指出的：“未来的核心挑战是统一学习和推理的公式。”如果你连停车标志是什么都不真正理解，你就无法应对一个举着停车标志的人。)”可知，文章第三段指出深度学习虽然提升了人工智能机器识别数据模式的能力，但存在三个主要缺点，即学习的模式很表面、结果难以解释以及难以应用于其他过程（如记忆和推理）。接着引用哈佛大学计算机科学家莱斯利・瓦利安特的话为例进行说明。这里强调的是如果人工智能不能真正理解像停车标志这样的事物，就无法应对举着停车标志的人，也就是突出了人工智能需要适应用户需求的重要性。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出一般人认为人工智能取得巨大进展，某公司老板甚至认为创造出具有人类大脑灵活性的人工智能的“游戏”已结束，但作者认为不应被误导，需理性看待，人工智能虽有进步但仍面临诸多挑战，离达到人类水平还很远，深度学习也有缺点，最后作者呼吁研究人员思考如何构建能同时学习和推理的系统，而不是依赖媒体。文章整体围绕对人工智能要有合理、理性的认识展开。选项B“A Reasonable View On AI(对人工智能的理性看法)”准确概括了文章主旨，即我们要以合理的视角来看待人工智能的发展。故选B。 Passage 3 （22-23高二下·浙江宁波·期中）Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6,300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches (海沟) and in drinking water around the world. But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives? For the sake of the planet, it would be an attractive prospect — but we’d quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence. In hospitals, the loss of plastic would be devastating. “Imagine trying to run a dialysis (透析) unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK. Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health. Face masks — including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators (人工呼吸器) — have helped slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. “A mask that you have for COVID is related to our safety and the safety of others,” says George. “The impact of taking that away could be loss of life if you took it away on a big scale.” Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves. “I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni Iacovidou, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. Replacing plastic packaging would set off a chain reaction in the environment. While glass has some advantages over plastic, such as being endlessly recyclable, a one-liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800g compared to a 40g plastic one. When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances, carbon emissions grow even more. It’s clear that replacing one material with another won’t solve all our plastic problems. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give a definition. B．To report on a study. C．To introduce an argument. D．To describe a phenomenon. 2．What does the underlined word “devastating” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Interesting. B．Practical. C．Predictable. D．Destructive. 3．What is Eleni Iacovidou’s attitude toward removing plastic totally in food system? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Optimistic. D．Uninterested. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．What if we stopped using plastic? B．Is plastic packaging bad for the environment? C．More recycling won’t solve plastic pollution D．Swapping out plastic for sustainable living 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出一系列假设和事实，探讨了如果我们停止使用塑料，将会面临哪些问题和挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6, 300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world. (截至2015年底，全球共生产了83亿吨新塑料，其中63亿吨已被丢弃。大部分塑料垃圾至今仍然存在，被埋藏在垃圾填埋场或污染着环境。在南极海冰、生活在最深海洋沟壑中的动物肠道以及世界各地的饮用水中都发现了微塑料)”可知，本段列举了一系列数据和事实，其目的是为了引出下文关于“如果我们停止使用塑料，将会怎样？”的论题。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中““Imagine trying to run a dialysis unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK. (‘想象一下，在没有塑料的情况下运营一个透析室，’英国基尔大学环境可持续性与绿色技术高级讲师莎伦·乔治说道。)”、“Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. (塑料被用于手套、管材、血袋、样本试管等。)”以及第四段中“Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health. (一些日常塑料制品对保护健康也至关重要。)”可知，塑料在医疗领域中被广泛应用，由此推断，如果医院没有塑料，将会产生毁灭性的影响。因此“devastating”在此处的意思是“毁灭性的”。A. Interesting有趣的；B. Practical实用的，实际的；C. Predictable可预测的；D. Destructive破坏性的，毁灭性的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves.“I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni Iacovidou, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. (我们的食品系统也会很快分崩离析。我们使用包装来保护食品在运输过程中不受损坏，并保持足够长的时间使其能够上架超市货架。‘我无法想象我们的系统中如何能完全取代塑料，’伦敦布鲁内尔大学环境管理讲师Eleni Iacovidou说)”可知，Eleni Iacovidou认为塑料为我们带来了很多好处，因此对于完全不使用塑料持怀疑态度，表示无法想象。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段“Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6, 300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world. (截至2015年底，全球共生产了83亿吨新塑料，其中63亿吨已被丢弃。大部分塑料垃圾至今仍然存在，被埋藏在垃圾填埋场或污染着环境。在南极海冰、生活在最深海洋沟壑中的动物肠道以及世界各地的饮用水中都发现了微塑料)”通过列举塑料污染的现状，由此引出第二段“But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives? (但如果我们能挥动魔杖，将我们生活中的所有塑料都消除呢？)”的论题，接着从医疗、食品系统等方面探讨了停止使用塑料可能带来的问题和挑战。因此，A项“如果我们停止使用塑料会怎样？”最能概括文章的主旨大意，为最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Many of us hold on to little complaints that may have come from an argument, a misunderstanding, the way we were raised, or some other painful events. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. A friend of mine recently told me that she hadn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case, when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn “small stuff (问题)” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go, as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that, as you reach out and let others be “right”, they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But, if for some reason they don’t, that’s okay too. You’ll have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world, and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 1．The underlined word “rekindle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”. A．develop B．recover C．accept D．establish 2．According to the author, we hold on to our anger often because we think ________. A．our own opinions matter most B．others will be less defensive C．our positions are higher than others D．we can turn small issues into big ones 3．The best thing to do after a quarrel is to ________. A．let go of our own rights B．realize you’re wrong C．expect others to give in D．apologize to others first 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We should keep peaceful when facing small stuff. B．We should tell apart small and big stuff in our daily life. C．Reaching out and apologizing wins one peace and happiness. D．It’s necessary for us to enjoy our friendship and family relationship. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们应该主动伸出援手，向他人道歉，这样才能赢得内心的平静和快乐。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Many of us hold on to little complaints that may have come from an argument, a misunderstanding, the way we were raised, or some other painful events. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship.(我们许多人紧紧抓住可能来自争吵、误解、我们的成长方式或其他痛苦事件的小小抱怨。固执地，我们等待别人向我们伸出援手——相信这是我们原谅或_____友谊或家庭关系的唯一方式)”可知，我们紧紧抓住小小的抱怨，固执地等待别人向我们伸出援手，是因为我们觉得这是原谅或恢复友谊或家庭关系的唯一方式，所以“rekindle”在这里的意思是“恢复”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn “small stuff (问题)” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go, as well as the joy of letting others be right.(每当我们坚持自己的愤怒时，我们就会在脑海中把‘小问题’变成真正的‘大问题’。我们开始相信我们的立场比我们的幸福更重要。事实并非如此。如果你想成为一个更平和的人，你必须明白，正确几乎永远不如让自己快乐更重要。快乐的方法是放手，并伸出援手。让别人正确。这并不意味着你是错的。一切都会好起来的。你会体验到放手的平静，以及让别人正确的快乐)”可知，作者认为我们坚持自己的愤怒是因为我们认为我们的立场比我们的幸福更重要，即我们自己的观点最重要。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A friend of mine recently told me that she hadn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case, when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins.(我的一个朋友最近告诉我，她已经近三年没有和儿子说话了。她说，她和儿子就他的妻子发生了争执，除非儿子先打电话，否则她不会再和他说话。当我建议她主动去找儿子时，她说，‘我不能那样做。是他应该道歉。’然而，在稍微鼓励之后，她确实决定第一个主动去找儿子。令她惊讶的是，她的儿子对她愿意打电话表示感谢，并主动道歉。通常情况下，当有人抓住机会主动伸出援手时，每个人都会赢)”可知，吵架后，作者建议作者的朋友主动去找儿子，她那样做了，结果她的儿子对她表示感谢，并主动道歉，所以作者认为吵架后最好的事情是先向别人道歉。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了我们许多人紧紧抓住小小的抱怨，固执地等待别人向我们伸出援手，相信这是我们原谅或恢复友谊或家庭关系的唯一方式；第二段通过一个例子说明当有人抓住机会主动伸出援手时，每个人都会赢；第三段讲述了如果我们坚持自己的愤怒，我们就会在脑海中把“小问题”变成真正的“大问题”，并指出如果我们想成为一个更平和的人，我们必须明白，正确几乎永远不如让自己快乐更重要，快乐的方法是放手，并伸出援手，让别人正确；第四段讲述了如果我们主动伸出援手并让别人正确，他们将会不那么防备我们，甚至也会向我们伸出援手，如果我们这样做后他们不这样做，也没关系，因为我们知道自己已经为创造一个更有爱的世界尽了一份力，当然我们自己也会更平静。综合这四段的意思可知，文章主要讲述了我们应该主动伸出援手，向他人道歉，这样才能赢得内心的平静和快乐，所以选项C“Reaching out and apologizing wins one peace and happiness(主动伸出援手并道歉能赢得内心的平静和快乐)”符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江衢州·期中）Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. But one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not accept the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst- affected are young adults and mothers with small children. The knock-on effects on wellbeing are also better understood. Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. Failure to address the problem, would see the world continuing to splinter until we can no longer stand as a community. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke University in North Carolina, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” “We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.” 1．What does Spike Jonze’s Her focus on? A．Pets well-beings. B．Effects of Loneliness. C．AI’s personalized service. D．Human-machine relationships. 2．Why does the author cite the numbers in paragraph 3? A．To direct people’s attention to loneliness. B．To stress the gravity or loneliness in the world. C．To compare loneliness cases in the UK and USA． D．To clarify people’s misconception about loneliness. 3．What does the underlined word “splinter” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unite. B．Expand. C．Divide. D．Advance. 4．What does Doraiswamy think of turning to Al for company? A．It is highly debatable. B．It is not theoretically based. C．It takes longer time to see its effect. D．It is workable but needs more guidance. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能与人类关系的话题，通过引用电影《她》的情节引出话题，并介绍了专家对于人工智能在缓解人类孤独感方面所起作用的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence in Spike Jonze’s latest feature ‘Her’. Set in the not-too-distant future, it tells the story of Twombly who finds himself falling in love with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant personified through a female voice. (好莱坞可能已经在斯派克·琼斯的最新电影《她》中警告过与人工智能建立关系的风险。故事设定在不远的未来，讲述了Twombly发现自己爱上了一个通过女性声音拟人化的人工智能虚拟助手的故事)”可知，Spike Jonze的电影《她》关注的是人与机器之间的关系。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The degree of the loneliness problem has become clear in recent years. In the UK, more than 79%, or nearly four million people, are known to experience chronic loneliness, meaning they feel lonely often or always. According to a Harvard study from 2021, more than a third of Americans feel serious loneliness, and some of the worst-affected are young adults and mothers with small children. (近年来，孤独问题的程度已经变得清晰。在英国，已知有超过79%，即近400万人经历着长期的孤独，这意味着他们经常或总是感到孤独。根据哈佛大学2021年的一项研究，超过三分之一的美国人感到严重的孤独，其中受影响最严重的是年轻人和有小孩的母亲)”可知，作者在第三段中引用数字是为了强调世界上孤独问题的严重性。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Loneliness is linked to more heart disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety and premature death, with an impact on mortality (死亡率) equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day. (孤独与更多的心脏病、痴呆、中风、抑郁、焦虑和早逝有关，对死亡率的影响相当于每天吸多达15支烟)”可知，孤独会导致死亡。结合画线词所在句中“Failure to address the problem (未能解决这个问题)”和“until we can no longer stand as a community.(直到我们无法再作为一个社区而存在)”可推知，如不解决孤独问题，死亡问题将导致世界继续分裂，直到我们无法再作为一个社区存在。故画线词意思是“分裂”，与divide意思相近。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Doraiswamy的话“Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.(目前，所有的证据都表明，有一个亲密的人类朋友是解决孤独问题的最好办法。但在社会把社交联系放在首位之前，机器人是数百万没有朋友的人的解决方案)”和“We need to be careful to build in rules to ensure they are moral and trustworthy, and that privacy is protected.(我们需要小心制定规则，确保它们是道德的、值得信赖的，并且隐私得到保护)”可知，Doraiswamy认为转向人工智能作为陪伴是可行的，但需要更多的指导来确保其道德、可信赖以及隐私保护。故选D项。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江金华·衢州）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A．To fight is to grow. B．To give is to receive. C．To forgive is to abuse. D．To dominate is to harm. 3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical. 4．What message does the last paragraph convey? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.(那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.(没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；结合下文“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?(例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用？)”可知，奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦，此处通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.(我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长)”可知，作者对于宽恕持支持的态度。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度来看，我们看到了潜能和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。在现实生活中，宽恕的现实是随着实践而发展的)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。 Passage 7 （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）In a policy address to lawmakers, Japan’s Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue “now or never”, and that it “simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions”. “In thinking of the sustainability and inclusiveness (包容) of our nation’s economy and society, we place child care support as our most important policy,” he said, adding that he wants the government to double its spending on child-related programs, and that a new government agency would be set up in April to focus on the issue. Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, and it recorded fewer than 800, 000 births in 2022 for the first time since records began in 1899. The country also has one of the highest aging of population in the world; in 2020, nearly one in 1, 500 people in Japan were age 100 or older, according to government data. These trends have driven a growing population problem, with a rapidly aging society, a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to fill the gaps in the stagnating (停滞) economy. The country’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future, many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation. How about other parts of East Asia? South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate, with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime-far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population. Japan’s birth rate stands at 1.3, while the United States is at 1.6. Meanwhile, China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time, adding pressure to its economic growth. 1．With the falling birth rate, what’s the attitude of the Japanese government? A．Surprised. B．Anxious. C．Embarrassed. D．Indifferent. 2．Which of the following has led the low birth rate in Japan EXCEPT? A．The limited space. B．The trend of aging population. C．The lack of child care support. D．The work pressure and economic stagnation. 3．What are the statistics in the last paragraph used to show? A．Serious population crisis. B．Ignorance of the birth rate. C．Weak care services for children. D．Potential harm to children’s health. 4．The passage is probably taken from ________. A．a tour guide. B．a science fiction. C．a job advertisement. D．a official government website. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了日本和其他东亚地区国家面临的人口问题，特别是生育率下降和人口老龄化的挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In a policy address to lawmakers, Japan’s Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue “now or never”, and that it “simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions”.(日本首相Fumio Kishida在向国会议员发表的政策讲话中表示，日本的人口问题是一个“要么现在解决，要么永远不解决”的问题，而且“不能再等了，因为它会影响社会功能”。)”可知，日本人口问题要么现在解决，要么就永远无法解决，因为这个问题“绝对不能再等待，因为它会影响社会功能”。这表明日本政府对人口下降的出生率感到焦虑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The country’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. (这个国家的高生活成本、有限的空间以及城市中缺乏儿童保育支持使得抚养孩子变得困难，这意味着生育孩子的夫妇越来越少。)”以及本段中“Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future, many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation.(专家指出，日本年轻人对未来持悲观态度，许多人对工作压力和经济停滞感到沮丧。)”可知，导致日本人口出生率低的原因有：有限的空间、缺少儿童保育支持以及许多人对工作压力和经济停滞感到沮丧。B选项“The trend of aging population.( 人口老龄化趋势。)”并不是相关因素。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How about other parts of East Asia? South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate, with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime-far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population. Japan’s birth rate stands at 1.3, while the United States is at 1.6. Meanwhile, China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time, adding pressure to its economic growth.(东亚其他地区呢？韩国最近打破了自己创造的世界最低出生率纪录，2023年11月的数据显示，韩国女性一生平均生育0.79个孩子，远低于维持人口稳定所需的2.1个孩子。日本的出生率为1.3，而美国为1.6。与此同时，2022年中国人口首次出现萎缩，给经济增长增加了压力。)”可知，最后一段中的数字表明了东亚其他国家——韩国和中国所面临的人口危机。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要讨论了日本政府对人口危机问题的态度和政策措施，同时探讨了其他东亚地区国家面临的人口问题，特别是生育率下降和人口老龄化的挑战。由此推断文章出自于政府官方网站。故选D。 Passage 8 （21-22高二下·浙江宁波·期中）A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was torn apart by self-criticism. “I can’t stop beating myself up.” she told me. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” Many students I teach, like this athlete, believe that all-nighters in the library and hours on the field should get them exactly where they need to go. When they fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are crushed by self-blame. We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play among the most privileged in particular: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it. Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone. The cruel, messy reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that feeling anything less than overwhelmed means they’re lazy, and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. It’s suggested that parents and teachers spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature. The point is not to give our kids a pass on working hard. But we would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (出其不意地击打) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who gets up the fastest. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Praising effort over ability will surely be beneficial to all kids. B．Parents should lay more emphasis on their kids’ academic performance. C．The result of the “mind-set” research doesn’t apply to all cases. D．Whether praising kids’ effort over ability does good to kids depends. 2．According to the author, how can parents help the kids overcome barriers in life? A．By encouraging them to stick to a worthy cause that they truly love. B．By discouraging them from working hard. C．By choosing where to go to college for them. D．By pushing them to fight against the cruel reality. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Students don’t care about failure at all. B．Students with positive attitudes can move on more easily. C．Students should bear all the failures on their own. D．Students are sure to succeed if they try their best. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了称赞孩子的努力胜过能力是否对孩子有好处取决于孩子自身情况，未必对每一个孩子都有益，不应该盲目要求学生努力，而是要教会他们坚持他们真正热爱的且有价值的目标，这样才能帮助他们克服生活中遇到的困难。 1．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“But a 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit high-risk or economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.”（但2018年的一项分析发现，虽然赞扬努力胜过能力可能会让高风险或经济弱势的学生受益，但这并不一定对所有人都有帮助。）可知，赞扬努力胜过能力并不一定对所有人都有帮助，这种做法取决于不同类型的孩子，可能会让高风险或经济弱势的学生受益，但对其他类型的孩子并不一定有帮助，由此可以了解到，称赞孩子的努力胜过能力是否对孩子有好处取决于孩子自身情况。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“It’s suggested that parents and teachers spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature.”（建议家长和老师花时间帮助学生找到他们真正喜欢追求的目标，或对世界产生影响的目标，这可能会帮助他们获得更大的生活满意度，并在心理上变得更成熟。）可知，作者建议家长和老师帮助学生找到他们真正喜欢做的事，让他们去做自己真正热爱的并且有意义的事，这可以让他们在心理上变得更成熟，由此可知，作者认为，父母可以通过鼓励孩子坚持他们真正热爱的、有价值的目标来克服生活中的障碍。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“But we would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (出其不意地击打) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who gets up the fastest.”（但我们应该明智地提醒我们的孩子，生活有一种方式，就是在我们最不经意的时候出其不意地击打我们。通常是那些学会说“事情发生了”的人站起来得最快。）可知，我们应该提醒孩子，我们会在生活中遇到一些打击，要学会用积极的态度面对，既然发生了，就学会接受和面对，这样的学生在面对打击时恢复的最快，由此可推断出，对于学生来说，态度积极的学生在学习和生活中可以更轻松地前进。故选B项。 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江金华·期中）A single-minded, tireless drive — that’s what it takes to be successful. Be “all in”. Burn the boats behind us. That message is rooted in our society, from self-help books to social media influencers all telling us that we need to commit more. The world continually sends the signal to narrowly define your goals. In my senior year, I became the fastest high-school miler in the country when I ran a 4:01 mile. When my progress as a runner reached a bottleneck, my sports psychologist told me a story about a world-class runner who had become stuck while struggling to make the transition from success in college to Olympic-level performance. “What helped her break through?” I asked. “Knitting (编织).” he replied. She had taken up knitting to relax and to take her mind off running. I was too young and stubborn to follow the advice. I doubled down — but never ran faster than my high-school record or broke a 4-minute mile. In the years since, working as a coach with top-class performers, I kept noticing that their single-minded focus was getting in their way. Their focus on achieving specific goals had become a constant, disabling signal that they were not measuring up. This single-minded approach was backfiring. Research backs this up. Researchers at Michigan State University looked at over 100 years of Nobel Prize-winning scientists and found they were more likely than their less-accomplished peers to have creative interests outside of their research. The prize-winners were 22 times more likely to perform, sing or act as a hobby;12 times more likely to pursue creative writing; and about 7 times more likely to participate in a craft like sculpting. To be sure: The more we care, and the more our job or pursuit feels like a part of who we are, the harder we’ll work. That’s helpful to a certain point. But such narrowing comes with a downside. As we get rid of other parts of ourselves, and that one activity becomes an ever bigger presence, fear starts to take over. We don’t just want to succeed. We have to. When outcomes are all that matter, our immediate response isn’t to become a fighter. It’s to retreat (退缩). So, the secret is to go in a different direction. When the world screams to go narrow, top-class performers learn to go broad. 1．How did the author respond after hearing the story of the world-class runner? A．He pushed himself harder. B．He adjusted his training methods. C．He took some time off from running. D．He adopted knitting as a stress-reliever. 2．What do we know about Nobel Prize-winning scientists in the research? A．They spent more time on research than others. B．They avoided entertainments to maintain focus. C．Their diverse hobbies contributed to their achievements. D．Their research covers a wider range of fields than their peers. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the single-minded approach? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Tolerant. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following might be a suitable title for the text? A．Why “All in” Is No Recipe for Success B．Breaking Through Fear in Competitive Fields C．Why Hobbies Outweigh Professional Training D．Narrowing Down Your Focus to Achieve More 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过作者个人经历与科学研究，探讨了单一专注的成功路径局限性，主张拓宽视野、发展多元兴趣以促进真正突破与成长。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was too young and stubborn to follow the advice. I doubled down — but never ran faster than my high-school record or broke a 4-minute mile. (那时我太年轻、太固执，没有听从这个建议。我加倍努力，但再也没能跑出超过高中时的成绩，也没能突破 4 分钟一英里的记录)”可知，作者在听到那位世界级跑者的故事后，选择了更加努力地训练。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Research backs this up. Researchers at Michigan State University looked at over 100 years of Nobel Prize-winning scientists and found they were more likely than their less-accomplished peers to have creative interests outside of their research. The prize-winners were 22 times more likely to perform, sing or act as a hobby;12 times more likely to pursue creative writing; and about 7 times more likely to participate in a craft like sculpting. (密歇根州立大学的研究人员研究了100多年来诺贝尔奖得主科学家，发现他们比成就不那么高的同行更有可能在研究之外拥有创造性的兴趣。获奖者将表演、唱歌或表演作为爱好的可能性是其他人的22倍；从事创意写作的可能性是其他人的12倍；参与雕塑等手工艺的可能性是其他人的7倍左右。)”可知，诺贝尔奖得主科学家往往拥有多样的兴趣爱好，这些爱好有助于他们的成就。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In the years since, working as a coach with top-class performers, I kept noticing that their single-minded focus was getting in their way. Their focus on achieving specific goals had become a constant, disabling signal that they were not measuring up. This single-minded approach was backfiring. (在随后的几年里，作为一名与顶级运动员合作的教练，我不断注意到，他们一心一意的专注阻碍了他们的发展。他们对实现特定目标的关注已经成为一个持续的、使他们无法达到标准的信号。这种一心一意的方法适得其反。)”以及倒数第二段中“But such narrowing comes with a downside. (但这种狭窄的专注是有弊端的。)”可推知，作者对“一心一意”的方法持不赞成的态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A single-minded, tireless drive — that’s what it takes to be successful. Be “all in”. Burn the boats behind us. (一心一意、不知疲倦的干劲——这是成功所需的品质。要“全身心投入”。破釜沉舟（不留后路）。)”及最后一段“When outcomes are all that matter, our immediate response isn’t to become a fighter. It’s to retreat (退缩). So, the secret is to go in a different direction. When the world screams to go narrow, top-class performers learn to go broad. (当结果就是一切时，我们的第一反应不是成为斗士。而是退缩。所以，秘诀是朝不同的方向前进。当世界尖叫着要缩小范围时，顶级表演者学会了扩大范围。)”及全文内容可知，文章开头提出社会普遍推崇“一心一意”的成功理念，但作者通过自身经历、顶尖运动员的例子以及科学研究表明，过度专注反而可能阻碍成功，而多样化的兴趣和更广泛的关注点更有利于突破瓶颈。因此，A选项“Why “All in” Is No Recipe for Success (为什么“全身心投入”不是成功的秘诀)”最适合作为标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江湖州·期中）In an era where “digital detox” has become a buzzword, people who call themselves digital minimalists proudly delete social apps, turn their phone screens to black-and-white, or switch to simple phones. Yet their fight against technology overload often creates a confusing cycle. To reduce screen time, they use apps like Forest to track their habits; to replace iPads, they buy $200 special black-and-white devices; and to learn about minimalism, they spend hours watching YouTube videos. Surprisingly, App Annie’s 2023 report showed downloads of “digital wellness” apps jumped by 140%, proving that this movement against technology still deeply depends on it. This contradiction echoes historical patterns. In the 19th century, the British Arts and Crafts Movement fought against factory-made goods by praising handmade items. However, these handmade products became expensive luxuries only the rich could afford. Similarly, today’s digital minimalism, while trying to resist distractions from apps and ads, has created a huge $8. 7 billion industry selling “anti-tech” products. Examples include writing apps without ads, “smart” paper notebooks that need internet updates, and simple-looking gadgets. These products turn the idea of rebellion into something people can buy, like turning a protest sign into a fashion accessory. The real problem is showing off simplicity. A 2024 Stanford study found that 62% of people who call themselves digital minimalists spend the same amount of time on their phones — they just switch from social media to “approved” apps like e-book readers or meditation tools. This is similar to Instagram photos of perfectly clean desks: the empty space looks simple, but behind it are complex phone settings and app algorithms. Maybe we need a new way of thinking. Scholar Andrew Hui suggests treating technology like water — using it wisely without wasting or nervously measuring every drop. Writer Jenny Odell, in her book How to Do Nothing, argues that real freedom isn’t about running away from the digital world but finding balance within it. This could mean allowing small, joyful moments in our digital lives: a funny cat video popping up during work, or understanding that a family member’s repeated health posts in a chat group are really about showing love. When we stop judging every tech choice as “good” or “bad” and focus on meaningful connections, we might finally feel free in the digital age. 1．What is the main outcome of digital minimalists’ efforts? A．They successfully reduce screen time through strict rules. B．They depend more on technology to achieve their goals. C．They inspire others to join the digital detox movement. D．They completely abandon modern devices like iPads. 2．Why is the 19th-century Arts and Crafts Movement mentioned? A．To show anti-tech trends are not new in history. B．To criticize the high cost of handmade products. C．To prove that older generations valued simplicity more. D．To compare traditional crafts with modern digital tools. 3．What does the Stanford study reveal about digital minimalists? A．They prefer meditation apps to entertainment. B．Their phone settings are simpler than non-minimalists’s. C．They spend less time on social media than average users. D．Their total screen time remains unchanged despite efforts. 4．What solution does the author support for balancing digital life? A．Strictly avoiding all non-work-related technology. B．Labeling technology as either “good” or “bad. ” C．Embracing small digital joys without guilt. D．Returning to pre-industrial lifestyles. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出数字极简主义者对抗科技过载的努力陷入矛盾，依赖科技且产生相关产业，还揭示其实际屏幕时间未减，最后提出应在数字生活中寻找平衡。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“To reduce screen time, they use apps like Forest to track their habits; to replace iPads, they buy $200 special black and white devices; and to learn about minimalism, they spend hours watching YouTube videos. Surprisingly, App Annie’s 2023 report showed downloads of “digital wellness” apps jumped by 140%, proving that this movement against technology still deeply depends on it. (为了减少屏幕使用时间，他们使用像Forest这样的应用程序来跟踪自己的习惯；为了取代iPad，他们购买价值200美元的特殊黑白设备；为了了解极简主义，他们花几个小时观看YouTube视频。令人惊讶的是，App Annie 2023年的报告显示，“数字健康”应用程序的下载量增长了140%，这证明这场反对科技的运动仍然严重依赖科技。)”可知，数字极简主义者为了达到目标更多地依赖了科技。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This contradiction echoes historical patterns. In the 19th century, the British Arts and Crafts Movement fought against factory made goods by praising handmade items. However, these handmade products became expensive luxuries only the rich could afford. (这种矛盾呼应了历史模式。19世纪，英国工艺美术运动通过推崇手工制品来抵制工厂制造的商品。然而，这些手工制品变成了只有富人才能买得起的昂贵奢侈品。)”可知，提到19世纪的工艺美术运动是为了说明反科技潮流在历史上并不新鲜。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A 2024 Stanford study found that 62% of people who call themselves digital minimalists spend the same amount of time on their phones — they just switch from social media to “approved” apps like e book readers or meditation tools. (2024年斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，62%自称数字极简主义者的人在手机上花费的时间相同——他们只是从社交媒体转向了像电子书阅读器或冥想工具这样的“合规”应用程序。)”可知，斯坦福大学的研究揭示出数字极简主义者尽管做出努力，但其总的屏幕使用时间并未改变。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This could mean allowing small, joyful moments in our digital lives: a funny cat video popping up during work, or understanding that a family member’s repeated health posts in a chat group are really about showing love. When we stop judging every tech choice as “good” or “bad” and focus on meaningful connections, we might finally feel free in the digital age. (这可能意味着在我们的数字生活中允许有一些小小的快乐时刻：工作时弹出的有趣猫咪视频，或者理解家庭成员在聊天群里反复发布健康信息其实是在表达爱。当我们不再将每一个科技选择评判为“好”或“坏”，而是专注于有意义的联系时，我们可能最终会在数字时代感到自由。)”可知，作者支持在数字生活中毫无愧疚地享受数字带来的小快乐，以此来平衡数字生活。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）In the fiction and creative nonfiction classes that I teach at my university, I routinely stress the importance of every story having a plot and a purpose. The students who take this advice to heart typically produce some fine pieces and exit the class with a good grade. And, according to a study recently published in The Journal of Positive Psychology (心理学), they might just also go on to live more meaningful and productive lives than their less successful storytelling peers. Researchers at Reichman University in Israel conducted a series of studies exploring how skill at storytelling, or the lack of such skill, impacts the sense-making function of narrative thinking. They assessed participants’ storytelling abilities and then cross-referenced the results with a self-report scale (量表). In the first study, participants completed self-report scales assessing their sense of “meaning in life” and “approval of high-level goals”. The self-reports were used in the other two studies as well. In the second study, each participant was asked to propose “a friend who knew them very well”, and this person provided a global rating of the participant’s storytelling ability. In the third study, participants were divided into groups of three. They were then instructed to create two separate stories — one a two-minute story about an event that exhibited a personality trait that characterized them, and the other an original two-minute story using three random words — and tell these stories to the other two people in their group. The pairs of listeners then gave their ratings. Across all three studies, participants who were rated as proficient storytellers exhibited a stronger sense of meaning in life and approval of high-level goals. The results of the study also suggest a beneficial and possibly even healing role for storytelling workshops. While the concepts of “meaning in life” and “high-goal approval” are difficult to teach due to their abstract nature, storytelling can be taught. A little training in various strategies can turn a student with a notebook full of colorful but undeveloped ideas into a proficient (even if not necessarily published) storyteller. Having a plot and a purpose in your stories can translate into deeper meaning and higher goal-setting in your life. 1．According to the findings, better storytelling students will ______. A．have a more productive career B．have a stronger sense of life purpose C．achieve high grades in all subjects D．develop better critical thinking skills 2．What is special about the third study? A．Participants finish a self-report assessment scale. B．Participants take standardized writing-grading tests. C．Participants invite someone to give an overall assessment. D．Participants create and share stories with group members. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Workshops promote mental well-being. B．Teaching abstract concepts is worthwhile. C．Storytelling contributes to personal growth. D．Everybody can become a published storyteller. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A literature writing handbook. C．A psychology textbook. D．A magazine’s education section. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章表明善于讲故事的人在故事中拥有情节和目的，能够转化为生活中更深刻的含义和更高的目标设定，从而过上比那些讲故事不太成功的同龄人更有意义、更充实的生活。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“they might just also go on to live more meaningful and productive lives than their less successful storytelling peers.(他们或许还能过上比那些讲故事不太成功的同龄人更有意义、更充实的生活。)”和第四段“Across all three studies, participants who were rated as proficient storytellers exhibited a stronger sense of meaning in life and approval of high-level goals.(在所有三项研究中，那些被评定为善于讲故事的人，都表现出更强烈的生活意义感以及对高层次目标的认同感。)”可知，善于讲故事的人对生活意义和人生目标有更深刻的理解，拥有更强烈的人生目标意识。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the third study, participants were divided into groups of three. They were then instructed to create two separate stories — one a two-minute story about an event that exhibited a personality trait that characterized them, and the other an original two-minute story using three random words — and tell these stories to the other two people in their group. The pairs of listeners then gave their ratings.(在第三项研究中，参与者被分成三人一组。随后，他们被要求各自创作两个独立的故事——一个是关于一个能展现他们自身性格特征的事件的两分钟故事，另一个是使用三个随机单词创作的原创两分钟故事——然后将这两个故事讲给小组中的另外两人听。随后，这些听众对这两个故事进行了评分。)”可知，在第三项研究中，参与者被分成小组，独立创作故事后再同小组成员分享、互评。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A little training in various strategies can turn a student with a notebook full of colorful but undeveloped ideas into a proficient (even if not necessarily published) storyteller. Having a plot and a purpose in your stories can translate into deeper meaning and higher goal-setting in your life.(用各种策略进行一些简单的训练，就能将一个满脑子充满丰富却尚未成熟想法的学生，培养成一位熟练的（即便不一定已经发表作品的）讲故事高手。在你的故事中设定一个情节和一个主题，能够让你的人生拥有更深刻的意义和更高的目标设定。)”可知，讲故事技能可以训练，并能转化为更深的生活意义和更高的目标设定，有助于个人成长。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the fiction and creative nonfiction classes that I teach at my university, I routinely stress the importance of every story having a plot and a purpose.(在我所在的大学所教授的虚构类和创意非虚构类课程中，我总是强调每个故事都必须有情节和明确的目的这一重要性。)”、“according to a study recently published in The Journal of Positive Psychology (心理学),(根据最近发表在《积极心理学杂志》上的一项研究，)”和最后一段“While the concepts of “meaning in life” and “high-goal approval” are difficult to teach due to their abstract nature, storytelling can be taught.(虽然“人生意义”和“高目标认可度”这类概念因其抽象性而难以传授，但讲故事却可以被教授)”可知，文章以教学经历引入，引用《积极心理学杂志》研究，后详述三项实验并引申教育意义，语言兼具学术性与普及性，故文章应该出自一本杂志的教育版块。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江舟山·期中）A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days”. Is influencing a promising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands. Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results. Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues. Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. 1．Which of the following words cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1? A．Imaginative. B．Similar. C．Attractive. D．Traditional. 2．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work? A．Standardized protection. B．Invisibility of payment. C．Assessment of own work. D．Passion for content creation. 3．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to Paragraph 4? A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed. B．Finding it difficult to create new content constantly. C．Having little knowledge of platform algorithms. D．Being unequally punished by platforms. 4．Why does the author write this text? A．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator. B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers. C．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world. D．To describe the life of self-employed content creators. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文体裁为议论文，文章大意是讨论了网红作为一种职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战和问题。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红宣传的生活方式很enticing，但在这光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体伤残以及心理健康等问题。)”可知，网光鲜亮丽的外表说明网红宣传的生活方式很诱人，enticing的意思是“诱人的，吸引人的”。可以用Attractive“吸引人的”来替换。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. (由于网红行业缺乏行业标准，薪酬透明度也很低，个体经营的风险在这个行业里进一步增加了。网红们常常不得不自己评估自身价值，并确定自己工作的报酬。结果，内容创作者们常常低估自己的创造性劳动价值，很多人最终都是无偿工作。)”可知，第三段指出行业缺乏薪酬透明度（little pay transparency），导致创作者需自行评估劳动价值，最终低估自身工作，说明网红低估自己创作价值的原因之一是薪酬不透明。故选B。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. (网红们还常常受算法的支配 —— 算法就是幕后的计算机程序，它们决定着哪些帖子会展示给用户，以及展示的顺序。社交媒体平台很少透露其算法的细节，但这些算法最终决定了在社交媒体上谁以及什么内容能获得关注和影响力。对于网红们来说，可能会被算法忽视的威胁一直是他们不安全感的来源，他们一直承受着要不断为平台提供内容的压力。)”可知，第四段强调平台不公开算法细节，创作者因无法预测内容曝光机制而被迫持续产出内容，导致压力，说明网红压力的来源之一是对平台算法缺乏了解。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红所宣传的生活方式很诱人，但在光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体损伤以及心理健康等问题。)”和最后一段“Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. (尽管成为网红对越来越多的人来说可能很有吸引力，但这个行业的阴暗面需要被曝光，并且需要通过加强就业监管和行业引领的文化变革来加以改善。)”可知，文章通过分析网红职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战，揭示了这一行业的负面影响，例如收入不稳定、算法控制、心理健康问题等。因此，作者写作的目的是展示作为在线内容创作者的黑暗面。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $