专题06 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，浙江专用）高二英语下学期

专题06 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江温州·期中）Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired, in part, by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).” But it had received little attention for around a century, according to nonverbal communication expert David Matsumoto. Then modern researchers examined how the brain reacts to facial expressions, and how babies copy facial and hand gestures. And scientists have also realized the complexity of body language. Much research has suggested that body language is often hard to interpret, or understand. But for years some advisers and experts have been using their knowledge in many practical areas. “I help people influence and persuade others around how trustworthy and credible (可信的) their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication,” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of “Winning Body Language”, a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as their gestures. Some experts also say they can use those signals to interpret hidden emotions. Joe Navarro is the author of “What Every Body Is Saying.” It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. It’s easy to spot a speaker’s lip movements when he faces a question he doesn’t like, Joe said. While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. “Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states,” Matsumoto said. So do some body movements. But “people do all kinds of things with their bodies,” he said. Your raised eyebrow could express doubt — but it might also signal discomfort or surprise. The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures, he said. 1．What role did Charles Darwin’s study play according to paragraph 1? A．It unlocked the secret of the human mind. B．It promoted the development of human language. C．It encouraged people to care more about animals. D．It helped start modern research on body language. 2．What can we infer about Mark Bowden? A．He gives advice on business language. B．He teaches people about body language. C．He focuses mainly on facial expressions. D．He pays more attention to spoken language. 3．According to the passage, Joe Navarro’s book helps readers to ______. A．improve their public speaking skills B．understand cultural differences in gestures. C．detect hidden emotions through body language. D．increase their charm in communication. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Body language is more reliable than spoken language. B．Modern research has fully understood body language. C．Scientists are cautious about the reliability of body language interpretation. D．Experts have successfully applied body language in practical areas. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Sugar-free cookies, reduced-sugar cereal, sugar-free candy, diet soda... are these better for you? Since sugar became a taboo (禁忌) in the nutrition and wellness world, sugar-free food items and drinks have acted as substitutes for once beloved sweet drinks and snacks. Claiming to be ZERO sugar means it is healthier, better for diabetics, and helps you slim down... Right? Wrong. Sugar-free isn’t better for you. In fact, sugar-free is worse. Sugar-free means that artificial sweeteners are used instead of real sugar. The problem: these sweeteners do not come from natural sources and they can cause you more harm than good. Let’s get into what these artificial sweeteners actually are. Sugar-free sugar sounds wrong and that’s because there is no such thing as sugar-free sugar. Some of these sugar-free alternatives still contain sugar and the ones that don’t contain sugar have chemicals your body often does not know how to process. Most artificial sweeteners are a lot sweeter than sugar, so only a tiny amount is needed. That’s why they can market sugar-free alternatives as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie”. It also means that you get no nutritional value from consuming them, which is why many sugar-free substitutes are classified as “non-nutritive”. These artificial sweeteners tend to hide under sneaky names. Actually, they are 200-600 times sweeter than sugar. When you eat sweet stuff, your body continues to desire it and, even though your body cannot metabolize (代谢) these sugar-free alternatives, your brain does not know the difference. In turn, sugar-free alternatives connect to weight gain and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). Artificial sweeteners also damage your gut’s ability to break down sugar, which impacts everything you eat. In other words, your body doesn’t know how to handle artificial sweeteners because they have nothing real to process. A good rule of thumb: stay away from artificial sweeteners and look for non-sugar, natural sweeteners like Stevia or date sugar. In the war against artificial sweeteners and real sugar, both lose. Satisfy your sweet tooth with natural sugars that come from fruits and stay away from products claiming to be sugar-free or diet! 1．What can be learned about sugar-free products? A．They don’t taste sweet. B．They are more nutritious. C．They help lose weight. D．They contain artificial sweeteners. 2．Why are sugar-free alternatives described as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie”? A．They won’t lead to weight gain. B．They are greener and healthier. C．They are much to everyone’s taste. D．Small quantities of artificial sweeteners are used. 3．What do we know about artificial sweeteners? A．They present a bigger health risk. B．They can be easily broken down. C．They are as sweet as sugar. D．They improve our ability to metabolize. 4．What is the author’s final conclusion? A．Real sugar is a better choice. B．Stay away from sugary products. C．Choose sugar from natural sources. D．Sugar-free products are healthier. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）An IT company from Finland has developed a new font (字体) which uses machine learning to rewrite bad language into kinder words. More than a third of bullying takes place online, and the numbers are on the rise, according to a report by the United Nations’ educational organization UNESCO. TietoEVRY developed the Polite Type font as a new tool to deal with online bullying among kids, pointing out harmful language and causing users to pick kinder words. As users try to write hurtful English words, the font will automatically replace them. Writing “I hate you” would, for example, result in the milder “I disagree with you” when Polite Type is used on the computer. Sentences such as “you are ugly” is replaced with “you are not traditionally beautiful” while rude words are blurred completely. The company says it is the first example where a blur has been used as a symbol in a font package. Racial slurs (种族歧视语) are replaced with the racial group the slur is related to, rather than blurring the word entirely. The vocabulary of the font was co-created with teenagers from Finland. The font’s library of words was chosen to include language from different origins, religions, and world views, and will make adjustments as more people and businesses use it. In the future, TietoEVRY suggests that machine learning could be used to teach the font to understand how language is used. Polite Type can be now downloaded and used for free. “We want bullies to rethink the words they use and the actual meaning behind them,” said Kia Haring, global head of communication and sustainability at TietoEVRY. “I hope that our cause acts as a wake-up call for all audiences to consider how bullying could be handled.” 1．What is special about the Polite Type font according to the text? A．It includes a wider vocabulary. B．It hides all the unusual expressions. C．It consists of words and symbols. D．It prefers long sentences to short ones. 2．What can we expect of the Polite Type font in the Future? A．It will have more words blurred. B．It will be constantly updated. C．More racial groups will use it. D．Users will be charged with using it. 3．What does Kia Haring think of creating the Polite Type font? A．Inspiring. B．Unsuccessful. C．appealing. D．Imperfect. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A font designed to fight online bullying B．Polite Type: the self-developing font C．Show others kindness by using a new font D．A font automatically avoids racial slurs Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Since its announcement in 2020, Black Myth: Wukong has captured global attention, not only for its visually stunning gameplay but also for its deep cultural roots. Developed by Chinese game studio Game Science, the production is based on Journey to the West, one of China’s most celebrated classical novels. The game aims to bring the legendary Monkey King, Sun Wukong, to life in a way that blends traditional Chinese mythology with modern gaming technology. Unlike many Western fantasy games, which draw inspiration from European myths, Black Myth: Wukong presents a world filled with Chinese folk tales, Taoist philosophy, and Buddhist symbolism. The game’s artistic design, from its landscapes to its supernatural creatures, reflects traditional Chinese aesthetics. Additionally, the developers have worked hard to ensure that the combat system and storytelling remain faithful to the spirit of the original novel while making them accessible to a global audience. Despite its widespread popularity, the game has sparked discussions among different groups. Some Chinese players take immense pride in seeing their cultural heritage represented in a high-quality video game, believing it could introduce international audiences to Chinese mythology. Others, however, worry that certain adaptations may oversimplify or commercialize the story, reducing its philosophical depth to mere action and visual wonders. Dr. Lin Zhi, a cultural analyst at Beijing University, points out: “The success of Black Myth: Wukong could mark a turning point for Chinese game developers, proving that homegrown games can compete on the world stage. However, whether it will truly deepen global appreciation for Journey to the West remains to be seen.” While debates continue, one thing is certain: Black Myth: Wukong represents more than just a game. It is an effort to reinterpret Chinese mythology for a new generation, illustrating how digital entertainment can bridge cultural divides. 1．What is the main purpose of Black Myth: Wukong? A．To promote Taoist philosophy to Western players. B．To combine Chinese mythology with modern gaming. C．To provide an exact retelling of Journey to the West. D．To recreate European fantasy elements in an Eastern setting. 2．What do some Chinese players worry about? A．The game might not appeal to an international audience. B．The high difficulty level could discourage new players. C．The game’s adaptation might philosophically weaken the novel’s depth. D．The developers might change the main character’s identity. 3．What does Dr. Lin Zhi’s statement emphasize? A．The challenges of adapting literature into video games. B．The game’s impact on China’s gaming industry. C．A comparison with other adaptations of Journey to the West. D．A doubt regarding the game’s ability to promote a Chinese classic globally. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The game will likely increase international interest in Chinese games. B．There is no argument over what cultural influence the game has. C．Most players believe the game expands cultural divides. D．The game promotes China’s cultural heritage among younger people. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江嘉兴·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making remarkable progress in the medical field in recent years. AI is being applied in various aspects of healthcare, bringing about revolutionary (革命性的) changes. In the area of disease diagnosis (诊断), AI-powered systems are showing great potential. These systems can analyze vast amounts of patient data, including medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. For example, some AI algorithms (算法) can detect early signs of cancer in medical images with a high level of accuracy. They can spot tiny tumors or abnormal cell patterns that might be overlooked by human doctors. This is because AI can process and learn from a huge number of previous cases, constantly improving its diagnostic capabilities. When it comes to drug development, AI also plays a crucial role. It can speed up the process of finding new drugs. AI algorithms can analyze the chemical structures of various substances and predict how they will interact with the human body. This helps pharmaceutical (制药的) companies to screen potential drug candidates more efficiently. Instead of spending years on trial-and-error in the laboratory, they can use AI to narrow down the options and focus on the most promising ones. Medical robots are another area where AI is making an impact. Robots can assist surgeons during operations. These intelligent robots can be more precise than human hands in some cases. They can follow pre-programmed instructions accurately, reducing the risk of human error during complex surgical procedures. Also, some robots are designed to provide care for patients, such as helping them move around or reminding them to take medications. In conclusion, the application of AI in the medical field is opening up new possibilities for improving healthcare quality, saving lives, and advancing medical research. 1．What is one key advantage of AI-powered systems in disease diagnosis? A．They only focus on treating minor illnesses. B．They can completely replace human doctors. C．They process and analyze large amounts of medical data. D．They do not require any training with past cases. 2．How does AI contribute to drug development? A．By directly producing new drugs in seconds. B．By reducing the cost of laboratory equipment. C．By slowing down the process of finding new drugs. D．By predicting interactions between chemicals and the human body. 3．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 4? A．Medical robots can only assist surgeons during operations. B．Medical robots are mainly designed to help patients move around. C．Medical robots can help reduce the occurrence of errors in complex surgical procedures. D．Medical robots are always more precise than human hands in all surgical procedures. 4．Which title best summarizes the passage? A．The Role of AI in Drug Development B．The Applications of AI in Healthcare C．The Limitations of AI in Modern Medicine D．The Comparison of Medical Robots and Human Surgeons Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Music and arts classes are often the first to be cut when schools face tight budgets and pressure to achieve high scores on standardized tests. But it’s precisely those classes that can increase student interest in school and even benefit their math achievement, according to a new study. Daniel Mackin Freeman and Dara Shifrer, used a large nationally representative dataset to see which types of arts classes impact math achievement and how it varies based on the socio-economic composition of the school. Schools with lower socio-economic status (SES) have a higher percentage of students qualified for free or reduced lunch. The researchers found that taking music courses at higher-or-mid-SES schools relates to higher math scores. Mackin Freeman said that’s not a surprise given the ways in which music and math overlap. “If you think about it at an intuitive (直觉的) level, reading music is just doing math,” he said. “Of course, it’s a different type of math but it might be a more engaging form of math for students than learning calculus (微积分).” However, the positive relationship between music course-taking and math achievement is primarily isolated to schools that serve more socially privileged students. The study suggests this could be because arts courses in low-SES schools are of lower quality and/or under-resourced. Students in low-SES schools also take fewer music and arts classes on average compared to their peers, also suggesting low-SES schools are under-resourced when it comes to arts courses. “It’d be reasonable to expect that at under-resourced schools, the quality of the music program would distinguish any potential connection to other subjects,” Mackin Freeman said. “For programs as resource-intensive as something like band, under-resourced schools are less likely to even have working instruments, let alone an instructor who can teach students to read music in a way that they can make connections to arithmetic (算术).” Mackin Freeman said the findings suggest that learning shouldn’t happen in only one subject and the ways some schools have attempted to increase math achievement — by over-emphasizing math and cutting the arts — is shortsighted and counterproductive. 1．Which statement would Mackin Freeman agree with? A．Math should replace music. B．Music is easier to learn than math. C．Math and music share similar features. D．Music is directly linked to academic achievement. 2．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By describing a process. D．By analyzing causes. 3．Why can’t the students in low-SES schools achieve high scores in math? A．They pay no attention. B．They have limited resources. C．They care more about math grades. D．Their students are not smart enough. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Fewer arts lessons, higher maths grades. B．Higher income, better math achievement. C．Investment in math needed by under-privileged schools. D．Music linked to higher math scores at wealthier schools. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）An alarming phenomenon has sprung up over the past few years: Many students are arriving at college unprepared to read entire books. A Columbia professor said his students are overwhelmed at the thought of reading multiple books a semester; a professor at the University of Virginia said that his students shut down when they’re confronted with ideas they don’t understand. Criticizing young people’s literacy is a pastime that stretches back centuries, but in the past decade, something seems to have noticeably shifted. Most of the professors said they’ve seen a generational change in how their students engage with literature. Why is this happening? The allure of smartphones and social media came up, and it appears that many middle and high schools are teaching fewer full books. The problem does not appear to be that “kids these days” are incurious or uninterested in reading. Instead, young people might be responding to a cultural message: Books just aren’t that important. Professors didn’t think their students were lazy. If anything, they were shocked at how over-scheduled and anxious college kids are today—and they saw that their students’ schedules are crowded with activities that are less about personal development and more relevant to future employment. There are too many demands on their time and focus to immerse themselves easily or fully in works of literature that might take 20 hours to consume. In 1971, 37 percent of students said that a central objective of their college years was to become well-off financially. Seventy-three percent said it was to develop a meaningful philosophy of life. By now, those numbers had almost reversed. Eighty-two percent of students said that it was essential for them to use college to become well-off financially, while 47 percent said they wanted to develop a meaningful philosophy of life. Pundits and parents alike have emphasized preprofessional courses and downplayed the importance of humanistic study. In this environment, spending hours reading a novel may seem unproductive. 1．Why does the author mention two professors in paragraph 1? A．To draw a conclusion. B．To put forward the topic. C．To provide background information. D．To give supporting evidence to the topic. 2．What does the underlined word “allure” mean in paragraph 2? A．appearance B．charm C．decline D．reputation 3．What may contribute to college students’ change in reading books? A．The widespread of digital devices. B．The disappearance of literature interest. C．The laziness character in human nature. D．The finance situation in their college life. 4．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．By giving a description. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By offering examples. 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Astronomers have uncovered the feeding schedule of a supermassive black hole, revealing that it consumes material about every three and a half years. The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed. Astronomers first noticed the black hole’s activity when the galaxy it resides in experienced a significant increase in brightness in 2018. They identified this as a tidal (潮汐的) disruption (扰乱) event, which occurs when a star is torn apart by the intense gravitational (引力的) forces of a black hole. As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. This emission eventually faded, suggesting that the black hole had consumed the matter. However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again. The astronomers learned that the star had moved into a highly extended orbit around the black hole after the first encounter. When it eventually approached again, the galaxy lit up with X-ray and UV light as more of the star’s material was consumed. This discovery allowed the scientists to calculate the star’s orbital period, helping them learn that the black hole consumes material approximately every three and a half years. On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed. 1．What is the significance of the discovery of the feeding schedule of a black hole? A．It led to scientists’ discovery of a supermassive black hole. B．It made the formation of the black hole known to scientists. C．It changed scientists’ views about the threat from black holes. D．It broadened scientists’ knowledge of the power of the universe. 2．What made the black hole’s activity discovered? A．The powerful gravitational pull of a black hole. B．The X-ray and UV light released by the star. C．A sudden decrease in the galaxy’s brightness. D．A sharp rise in radio signals from the galaxy. 3．What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．The star had the ability to recover. B．The black hole had unstable forces. C．The star partly survived the black hole. D．The star shone before being pulled apart. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the team’s prediction? A．The black hole’s feeding schedule will be changed. B．The next encounter will take place outside the orbit. C．The next encounter will be tinier than the previous one. D．The star will be completely consumed by the black hole. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）If you were to throw, say, a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit — right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of waste banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags. Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment, we can’t only measure the severity (严重) of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s mouse population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn’t so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an astonishing 500 per cent. It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers spent£500 million on keeping the streets clean. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping, you could face a £20,000 fine. Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules. To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us. 1．Which of the following is the easiest to decompose in the passage? A．A glass bottle. B．An orange peel. C．An aluminum can. D．A plastic bag. 2．What can we know from paragraph 2? A．Annual littering has increased a little in the U. K. since the 1960s. B．Shorter-lasting materials will be less harmful to the environment. C．Cigarette-related littering is a severe environmental problem in the UK. D．Regular littering has caused the UK’s mouse population to reach 60 million. 3．Which of the following can best describe the UK’s punishment on littering? A．Every little helps. B．More haste, less speed. C．No pain, no gain. D．A drop in the bucket. 4．How does the author sound when mentioning the current situation of the city? A．Concerned. B．Reserved. C．Dismissive. D．Ashamed. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）Nestled in the waters off the coast of Tuscany, Italy, an unusual seafloor sculpture park is safeguarding its ocean environment. Fisherman Antonio Verdi has been casting his nets in these waters since his youth along the Maremma coastline. It was in the 1980s that he began to notice the clear signs: the seabed was becoming barren, with exhausted fish stocks. Until recently, Antonio Verdi has found himself not only competing with the decline of ocean resources but also with threatening practices of illegal “bottom trawlers (拖网捕鱼的人)”, who randomly spoil a large quantity of ocean life as they fish, dragging a weighted net along the seafloor behind their boats. Antonio Verdi’s style of artisanal fishing (手工捕鱼), in contrast, is friendly to nature as damaging the ecosystem could reduce fisher-men’s income. He understood that the success of his fishing activity was linked to the good state of the environment. The underwater “House of Fish” sculpture park, which was started in 2015, was encouraged by this fisherman. “One of the most effective solutions is to physically prevent trawling through artificial reefs, so I started working on this project, trying to combine the protection of the seabed with something that could also give an added value to our environment, something as beautiful as a sculpture,” he stated. Sculptures or rocks can break weighted trawler nets. They can also function as artificial reefs, offering habitats for corals and other sea creatures. Due to the presence of the underwater sculptures, some species not seen in a long while such as groupers and lobsters have rejoined the waters. The sculpture park represents both an artistic expression and a defence against destructive seafloor trawling. Presently, 39 massive stone sculptures are scattered across the seabed along an area of Tuscan coastline near the town of Talamone. In the near future, Antonio Verdi hopes to extend his protective efforts in coastal waters. “The sea is still under threat,” he says, “and my mission to protect it continues.” 1．What does the underlined word “barren” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Fruitful. B．Delicate. C．Unproductive. D．Fertile. 2．How does Antonio Verdi’s fishing differ from that of the illegal “bottom trawlers”? A．He uses larger nets to catch more fish. B．His method is less damaging to the ecosystem. C．He focuses on catching specific high-value fish. D．His fishes with the help of underwater sculptures. 3．What impact has the sculpture park had on the local ocean life? A．A decline in the variety of fish and other creatures. B．A shift in the types of fish caught by local fishermen. C．The return of species that had previously disappeared from the area. D．The construction of more artificial reefs to conserve are species. 4．What message is conveyed according to the project mentioned in this article? A．The ocean is too vast to be affected by human activities. B．Human activities have no significant impact on sea creatures. C．The only way to protect sea creatures is to prohibit human activities. D．Fishing should be in line with efforts to maintain a healthy ocean ecosystem. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Cat lovers know that taking care of their furry companions goes beyond just hugs and cute pictures. From choosing the healthiest food to ensuring the safest products, every decision matters. One such essential choice is selecting the right cat litter(猫砂). If you’ve been exploring options, you’ve likely come across Applaws Cat Litter. What makes it a standout choice in a sea of alternatives? First, let’s acknowledge the problems most cat owners face. The struggle with conventional cat litters is all too real — dust clouds that irritate your pet’s respiratory system, bad smells that remain in your home, and the constant mess of tracking litter everywhere. Not to mention the environmental concerns that come with some waste. Second, enter Applaws Cat Litter, a product that promises to tackle these challenges head - on. With its innovative approach, it not only prioritizes your pet’s well - being but also considers the environment, offering a solution that’s as sustainable as it is effective. It’s no wonder pet owners are raving about this game - changing product. But is it worth the hype(大肆宣传)? Stick around as we unpack everything there is to know about Applaws Cat Litter and why it might just be the upgrade your cat friend deserves. At the core of Applaws Cat Litter’s success is its unique composition. Unlike traditional clay-based litters that contribute to environmental degradation, Applaws uses biodegradable materials. Made primarily from natural plant - based ingredients, this litter is designed to break down quickly without leaving harmful remains behind. For environmentally - conscious pet owners, this is a significant step forward. Choosing the right cat litter may seem like a small decision, but it can have a big impact on your pet’s health, your home’s cleanliness, and even the environment. Applaws Cat Litter offers an all-in-one solution that ticks all the boxes. Its natural, eco-friendly composition, superior odor control, and ease of use make it a standout choice for modern pet owners. If you’ve been searching for a litter that prioritizes your cat’s well-being without compromising on convenience or sustainability, Applaws Cat Litter deserves your attention. 1．What’s the writer’s ultimate intention in mentioning the problems in paragraph 2? A．To prove the shortcomings of traditional cat litter. B．To illustrate that cat care is a difficult undertaking. C．To show that most cat owners are not professional. D．To highlight the advantages of Applaws Cat Litter. 2．Which can replace the underlined words “raving about” in Paragraph 3? A．praising. B．criticizing. C．seeking. D．researching. 3．What is the key to Applaws Cat Litter’s success? A．The diversity of its materials. B．Its unique natural raw materials. C．The complexity of its design. D．The way it mixes materials. 4．What is the writer mainly trying to tell us by writing this passage? A．How Applaws Cat Litter was developed. B．Why traditional cat litter has lost its market. C．How we make cat litter environmentally friendly. D．Why Applaws Cat Litter is revolutionizing pet care. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）Why is the elephant trunk (鼻子) so wrinkly? In a new study in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers offer up some answers. This all started when Michael Brecht, a neurobiologist at Humboldt University in Berlin, and his colleagues were studying the brains of African savannah elephants and Asian elephants when they noticed a bump on each of the brain stems the size of a fava bean. “It’s very unusual. It looks very different from all other mammals,” Brecht says. It soon became clear to the researchers that the number of stripes — each one a bundle of nerve fibers — corresponded nearly exactly to the number of wrinkles in the elephant’s trunk. This discovery motivated him to take a closer look. First, Brecht and his team tracked down photographs of elephant fetuses (胎儿) to examine how the trunk develops. “It’s an incredibly fast growing body part, more than any other body part,” Brecht says. A couple months into development, the fetal trunk has about four wrinkles — at which point there’s sudden exponential growth. “Every 20 days, the number of wrinkles doubles,” he says. After a few months, things slow down. “African savannah elephants only add relatively few wrinkles in adulthood,” Brecht says. “In Asian elephants, there are noticeably more wrinkles added.” Brecht suspects this may be due to differences in how the two groups of elephants use their trunks for grasping. African savannah elephants use the tips of their trunks to pinch objects, pick them up and manipulate them. Asian elephants can do some pinching. “But when you give them a big fruit like a melon or a mango,” says Brecht, “they wrap their trunk around the object. So our thinking is that the wrinkles serve for making the trunk flexible.” Brecht also used a micro-CT scanner to look at newborn trunks in detail. He found that the skin is super thin in the troughs of the wrinkles, allowing them essentially to behave like joints. Maëlle Lefeuvre, a behavioral ecology doctoral student at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, thinks there may be engineering lessons to learn from these findings. Lafeuvre says understanding wrinkle formation and function could help inform the construction of a flexible and powerful trunk-like machine or robotic arm, for example. For Brecht, the findings reinforce how these body parts are exquisitely honed to help giant creatures feed, wherever they may live. “You cannot be such a big animal without being very heavily specialized,” he says. 1．What did Brecht’s study originally focus on? A．Wrinkles on elephants’ trunks. B．The brain of two kinds of elephants. C．The brain of mammals. D．Elephant fetuses. 2．What do we know about Brecht’s study of elephant fetuses? A．The increase of the number of wrinkles keeps the same speed. B．The trunk develops slower than other parts in elephant fetuses. C．The number of wrinkles rockets up in the first few months. D．The number of wrinkles doesn’t change. 3．What led to the difference of wrinkles between African savannah elephants and Asian elephants? A．The living environment. B．The food. C．The training. D．The use of the trunks. 4．What is Lafeuvre’s suggestions? A．Use the knowledge acquired from elephants’ trunks to engineering. B．Do more studies on the development of elephant fetus’s trunks. C．Apply the knowledge from Brecht’s study to elephant feeding. D．Track the development of trunks in adult elephants. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）In an EU-funded project, scientists investigated the impacts of climate change in the Arctic. They focused on a group of organisms that form the very basis of Arctic coastal ecosystems—kelps (海带). Like land trees, kelps provide food, habitat, and a nursery ground for a variety of organisms and thereby maintain complex ecosystems. The Arctic region is warming at a rate that is far above the global average. Consequently, snow and glaciers are melting—all of which are leading to coastal run-off plumes. These plumes bring big changes to water conditions: the salt levels decline and chemicals in the water change based on runoff content. While some elements are beneficial for kelps, harmful heavy metals like cadmium, lead, and mercury are found in higher amounts. Scientists found that as runoff intensity goes up, the amounts of elements in kelps also increase. For instance, runoff-affected kelps had 72% more mercury than those in the control area. The researchers also found that different runoff rates affect the kelp microbiome (微生物群系), which is important for kelp’s ecological functions like nutrient cycling. These changes can have far-reaching consequences for the entire ecosystem. The consumption of metal-polluted kelps was shown to have negative impacts, such as reduced development, growth, and reproduction, and might cause the harmful elements to build up across the Arctic food web. Eventually, this might also affect society and economy. The absorbing ability of kelps has to be considered when raising fish or other sea creatures and plants for food. However, harvesting kelps in bays with high levels of meltwater and metal pollution might be an environmentally friendly method to harvest rare earths. Rare earths are increasingly being used in key technologies such as renewable energies and electronics. 1．Why are kelps chosen as the research subject? A．They are the most common plants. B．The have excellent absorbing ability. C．They are at the base of Arctic ecosystems. D．They are easily affected by climate change. 2．What do coastal runoff plumes bring? A．Higher temperature. B．Harmful heavy metals. C．Increased salt levels. D．Positive impact on growth. 3．Which of the findings do the researchers approve of according to paragraph 3? A．Kelps maintain the biodiversity in the food chain. B．Runoff rates speed up the melting of coastal glaciers. C．Ecological functions in nutrient cycling get improved. D．Runoff rates lead to elements’ buildup in the food chain. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Heavy metal pollution levels in the Arctic. B．The socio-economic benefit of harvesting kelps. C．The impacts of climate change on Arctic fisheries. D．The role of kelp microbiome in element circulation. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期中）A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon small animals like crickets and spiders eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,” says Ashley, “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.” Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature. Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an applet core to rot in a desert than in a forest.” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah, Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.” Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources. In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. 1．What attracted crickets and spiders? A．Foreign bacteria. B． Water sources. C．Food waste. D．Human trails. 2．What is the function of Ashley’s quote underlined in paragraph 1? A．Describe cleanup process B．Emphasize instant damage C．Praise rangers’ efficiency D．Explain cricket habits 3．Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5? A．To praise their benefits to desert life. B．To highlight our damage to ecosystems. C．To stress their significance for photography. D．To show our unawareness of nature’s sensitivity. 4．What is conveyed in this text? A．Encouraging wildlife protection. B．Leaving no trace in the wild. C．Promoting national park tourism. D．Restoring ecological damage. Passage 8 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）Farming was considered part of the rural charm in the past. But now, farms have come to the concrete jungle and they can even be found high up on balconies. According to a recent report released by Chinese e-commerce platform Alibaba, the sales of vegetable seeds on Tmall doubled in the first quarter compared with the same period last year. Sales of products such as nutrient soil and gardening tools have tripled since April of last year. Out of all the people buying farming tools and seeds, most were born after 1995. Zhang Chao, a 17-year-old senior high student from Anhui province, is one such young “urban farmer.” His love for planting grew when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside during primary school. His grandpa, a lifelong farmer, enjoyed planting seasonal vegetables in their backyard garden. Zhang was inspired by his grandpa’s passion and learned to grow his own vegetables. Despite the hard work of ploughing, fertilizing, and watering, Zhang felt a great sense of achievement when he saw his seeds turn into plants. “It brings back good memories,” he said. Though Zhang now lives in an apartment without a yard, he continues his hobby with a balcony garden. He has bought strawberry and tomato seeds. “Growing fruits and vegetables not only provides delicious food but also reminds me of the happy times with my grandpa,” he added. Fang Minke, a 16-year-old girl from Shenzhen Foreign Languages School, sees gardening as a way to relax and develop patience. With many academic responsibilities, she often feels stressed. To add some color to her life, she started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021. Most of the seeds were given by her friends. She plants them without knowing exactly what they are and waits patiently. After half a year, her balcony became a small garden with flowers and herbs like coriander. After long hours of homework, she enjoys walking around her balcony garden. “It makes me feel closer to nature and refreshed,” she said. “Even if the vegetables and herbs are not our main food, they add flavor to our dishes and brighten our busy days.” Planting vegetables is now more than just a way to survive. It also brings joy and purpose to young people’s lives. 1．In the passage, the word “concrete jungle” most probably refers to ______. A．a place with a lot of wild animals B．a busy and crowded urban area C．a forest with many concrete trees D．a garden made of concrete materials 2．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．The sales of vegetable seeds on Tmall increased significantly. B．Most buyers of farming tools were young farmers born after 1995. C．Zhang Chao moved to a place with a yard for gardening. D．Fang Minke knows the exact types of seeds given by friends. 3．Which best describes the motivations behind urban gardening among young people? A．It is driven by the need for fresh food and convenience. B．It is connected to family traditions and personal values. C．It is inspired by past memories, relaxation, and a desire for nature. D．It is popular among those with heavy schoolwork and stress. 4．The main idea of the passage is to ______. A．show the desire of urban youth to move to the countryside to experience country life B．describe how urban gardening helps young people deal with academic stress C．show the economic impact of urban gardening on e-commerce platforms D．highlight the shift from traditional rural farming to modern urban gardening Passage 9 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Ocean alkalinity (碱度) enhancement is a proposed method of removing extra CO2 from the atmosphere. It involves adding alkaline substances, such as basalt or calcium oxide, to ocean water to increase its pH. This helps to change dissolved (溶解的) CO2 in seawater into carbon compounds, unlocking the capacity for the oceans to draw down further CO2 from the atmosphere. In theory, ocean alkalinization could remove many billions of tons more CO2 from the atmosphere, helping to limit the impacts of climate change. But is releasing vast quantities of alkaline substances into the ocean harmless? Chris Reinhard at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta and his team investigated how the release of alkaline minerals would affect the cycling of carbon in the ocean. Using computer models, they assessed the impact of alkaline mineral release on “marine (海洋的) snow”, the tiny pieces of organic matter that sink from upper layers to the deep ocean and are central to the ecological and biological function of the ocean. They also modelled how effective alkaline minerals would be at bolstering carbon absorption in the oceans. The research produced some worrying findings: Naturally occurring alkaline minerals such as basalt were found to be ineffective at increasing ocean carbon absorption, because they don’t dissolve well in ocean water. They may also seriously affect the composition of marine snow, reducing the availability of organic matter that small sea creatures and other animals rely on for sustenance. This could have serious consequences across the food web in the ocean, even affecting the number of fish, warns Reinhard. Christopher Pearce at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, UK, says the study raises some interesting questions, but more research is needed to see if the findings apply to real-world tests. Shallow coastal waters may respond differently to alkalinization compared with the open-ocean settings the study modelled. 1．What is the main purpose of ocean alkalinization? A．To reduce atmospheric CO2. B．To create more marine snow. C．To improve marine biodiversity. D．To remove carbon from the ocean. 2．What does the underlined word “bolstering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Breaking. B．Balancing. C．Blocking. D．Boosting. 3．How does alkalinization affect marine ecosystems? A．It pollutes marine snow. B．It damages the food chain. C．It prevents fish from breathing. D．It stops organic matter from dissolving. 4．What does Christopher Pearce suggest about the findings? A．They need further confirmation. B．They conflict with real-world tests. C．They apply only to shallow waters. D．They are irrelevant to open oceans. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期中）3D printing, a technology that creates objects layer by layer, has revolutionized the way we make things. Recently, a group of Chinese scientists took things a step further by using this technology to create realistic replicas of human organs. Human organs have various textures (质地) with our bones being the hardest and the brains being the softest, which made it demanding to create a single material that could print different human organs previously. The research team from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences started by using hydrogel (水凝胶), a soft gel-like material as the main ingredient. To replicate the hardness of material like bone, the researchers added elements containing metal to the hydrogel and adjusted their ratio to create the texture of each organ. However, the structure inside human organs is also incredibly complicated with many interweaving channels. To make sure the printing results are correct, the team used light-curing (光固化) technology in the 3D printing process. A special lamp was placed under the printing machine, causing the gel to become solid right after it was printed. According to the team’s paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, they were able to produce organ models including the brain, lungs, and intestines (肠), which are essential for research purposes, such as testing medical equipment and demonstrating surgeries. Compared to live organs and animal models, these are also ethically acceptable since they are printed artificially. They can help researchers develop new treatments more efficiently, due to their lower relative cost, commented the Alliance of Advanced Biomedical Engineering website. However, they usually cannot be used as transplants, because human cells are likely to recognize them as “enemies” and start to fight against them. What scientists have been exploring in “printing” the organs is bioprinting: using 3D printing technology to build up various types of cells and materials layer by layer. This way, the printed product will be more acceptable to grow inside the human body. However, this method is still developing, and experts are hoping it will be used in the medical field within a decade, according to CNN. 1．What made it challenging to print human organs formerly? A．The complexity of human organs. B．The high cost of printing materials. C．The difficulty in creating various materials. D．The lack of appropriate printing technology. 2．What is a benefit of 3D organ models according to the article? A．They can fully replace animal testing. B．They can be used to test surgical tools. C．They work even better than live organs. D．They are easily made and relatively affordable. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Efficient new treatments. B．The objects created layer by layer. C．Various textures of human organs. D．The organ models created with hydrogel. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Hydrogel — The Innovative Material Used for Printing Human Organs B．3D Printing — The Most Advanced Technology in Creating Realistic Objects C．A Breakthrough — Producing Lifelike Copies of Human Organs by 3D Printing D．Bioprinting — Making Organ Models Acceptable to Grow Inside the Human Body Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Cortisol, widely recognized as the “stress hormone (激素)”, plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggests a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem. “The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward.” Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes. Our bodies release cortisol when we encounter a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined. Things like coming across a bear on a hike, receiving an annoying work email or delivering a public speech are the typical cases. Cortisol aids in energy supply and metabolism (新陈代谢) controls. Its levels vary, peaking in the morning and reducing by night. However, long-term stress can disturb this balance, leading to high cortisol levels. Potential disadvantages are weakened immune system and high blood sugar, as well as mental illnesses like depression. In extreme cases, too much cortisol productions may lead to Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by serious physical changes and requiring medical treatment. Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol’s dynamic nature. Experts suggest turning to healthcare professionals for a thorough check. While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution for managing cortisol levels, research indicates that practices such as yoga, mindfulness, and moderate exercise can aid in regulating the body’s stress response. These activities not only help in reducing stress but also in training the body to manage its stress response more effectively over time. In conclusion, cortisol plays a key role in how our body handles stress and functions overall. However, saying that many health problems are just due to cortisol imbalances misses the complex interaction between hormones, stress and health. It’s important to treat the health-related factors as a whole, with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies. 1．What can we learn about cortisol from paragraph 1? A．It doesn’t directly cause health issues. B．It doesn’t influence sleep problem at all. C．It doesn’t help with stress management. D．It has nothing to do with stomach upset. 2．What does the underlined word “dynamic” mean in paragraph 4? A．Effective. B．Stable. C．Predictable. D．Changeable. 3．What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph? A．Training the body to ignore stresses. B．Taking an overall perspective on health. C．Paying more attention to cortisol imbalances. D．Testing at home for better cortisol evaluation. 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A hospital leaflet. B．A book review. C．A health magazine. D．A science paper. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Extreme heat seems to quicken biological ageing in older people, suggesting that it could raise the risk of age-related diseases. “This is one of the first large-scale studies to link long-term heat exposure to biological ageing in humans,” says Eun Young Choi at the University of Southern California. “Older adults living in areas with more extreme heat days aged biologically faster than those in cooler regions.” Choi and her colleagues analyzed genetic data from blood samples of 3,600 Americans aged 56 and older. They estimated each participant’s biological age using three so-called epigenetic (表观遗传的) clocks, which involves looking at patterns of chemical tags (标签) on DNA．These patterns change as we get older and such changes have been linked to age-related diseases. The researchers also examined daily air temperature readings taken within a few kilometres of where participants lived for the six years before blood samples were taken. They found that, for roughly every 200 days with temperatures reaching at least 32.2℃ (90°F) over six years, biological age increased by up to 3.5 months on average. Similar findings were reported in earlier studies from Taiwan and Germany, adding to the growing evidence of this global association. However, experts like Austin Argentieri at Harvard warn that epigenetic clocks alone cannot fully predict the ageing process or people’s risk of diseases. While the results are convincing, some scientists argue that genes may play a larger role than environmental factors in ageing.“Individual resilience varies widely,” said Argentieri. “We need more research to connect heat exposure,biological ageing,and actual health outcomes.” The study also did not account for factors like air conditioning use or time spent outdoors, which could significantly change personal heat exposure. The finding holds critical significance, especially as climate change increases heatwaves. Urban planning solutions, such as expanding green spaces to relieve the “heat island”effect in cities, could minimize risks. Identifying disadvantaged populations might also promote policies like government-funded cooling systems or tailored heat warnings. As temperatures rise globally, understanding heat’s hidden effects on health grows urgent. This study highlights how our environment may shape not just our comfort — but our very biology. While debates continue, one message is clear: extreme heat is more than a temporary discomfort; it could quietly accelerate the clock within us. 1．What did the researchers find about extreme heat? A．It affects people aged 56 and older. B．It speeds up biological ageing in seniors. C．It reduces the risk of age-related diseases. D．It has no long-term impact on human cells. 2．How did Choi’s team conduct their research on heat and ageing? A．By analyzing DNA changes in blood. B．By measuring body temperatures daily. C．By comparing aging rates across countries. D．By tracking participants’ medical histories. 3．What can be inferred about the limitations of the study according to Argentieri? A．The study over-relied on epigenetic clocks. B．The data on air temperature was inaccurate. C．The sample was insufficient for conclusions. D．The researchers overlooked environmental factors. 4．Based on the research findings, which practical solution would be recommended? A．Funding research on anti-ageing drugs. B．Providing heat relief for those in need. C．Identifying green spaces in urban areas. D．Adapting DNA to enhance heat tolerance. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江衢州·期中）With climate change threatening traditional agriculture and nearly 700 million people facing hunger worldwide, scientists are developing innovative solutions. One promising technology — Electro-agriculture — enables plants to grow without sunlight by using electricity to transform carbon dioxide and water into nutrients. The process, developed by Professor Feng Jiao’s team, involves two key steps: first transforming CO₂ into CO, then turning it into acetate (醋酸盐) — a substance plants can use for growth. This breakthrough allows crops to develop independently of photosynthesis (光合作用) . Electro-agriculture systems are designed as multi-story buildings. Solar panels on the roof generate electricity for the nutrient production process, while plants grow on lower floors. Early experiments have successfully grown mushrooms and algae, with current trials focusing on vegetables like lettuce and tomatoes. One promising application is its potential to ease food insecurity, particularly in regions where traditional agriculture fails. “We hope the technology can be employed in locations where traditional agriculture is very difficult,” Jiao says. “Particularly concerning is climate change —places that used to be good land for growing things may not be possible in the future, so this may become a way to stabilize the food supply to the world.” But some experts are skeptical of Electro-agriculture’s ability to be a large-scale solution to food insecurity. According to Harold van Es, an expert on soil and water management at Cornell University, the effectiveness of this technology is “up in the air.” “Does it actually solve a problem, or is it just a novel way of growing plants?” he asks. “It’s not going to solve the global food shortage issues because it’s too complex and probably too inefficient from a financial perspective. “In fact, the technology requires enormous amounts of energy: feeding the entire U.S. population using Electro-agriculture would require five times the current electricity consumption of the entire U.S.. What’s more, many crops also require genetic adjustments to effectively use acetate. Additionally, public acceptance of food grown this way remains uncertain. Despite the challenges, researchers remain optimistic about the future of Electro-agriculture. As Jiao and his team continue to improve the technology, they are hopeful that within the next two years, they will achieve “significant development in the field”. 1．What is one major advantage of Electro-agriculture mentioned in the text? A．It replaces traditional farming with lower costs. B．It removes the need for carbon dioxide in plant growth. C．It sustains crop growth without relying on photosynthesis. D．It produces higher yields than existing agricultural method. 2．Which challenge is NOT mentioned for Electro-agriculture? A．The crops need genetic adjustment. B．The crops could become less nutritious. C．The public may resist this growing method. D．The system requires substantial power demand. 3．What does the underlined phrase “up in the air” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Already proven. B．Potentially promising. C．Widely accepted. D．Still undecided. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Can Electric Farming Feed the Future? B．How Can Solar Panels Solve World Hunger? C．The End of Traditional Farming: A New Era Begins. D．From Sunlight to Electricity: An Agriculture Revolution. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期中）“Digital switching” is a term refers to the modern habit of swiping (刷) through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it. Kay Y. Y. Tam, a psychology researcher, launched the study after noticing herself — and pretty much everyone else — swiping through online videos. This behavior was connected with the “Boredom Feedback Model”, a theory she had published in 2021. Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning. “As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said. In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the option to skip to the next. On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in another similar experiment. “I’m convinced that switching, when it comes to videos, is not a good idea if the goal is to have an enjoyable experience,” said Erin Westgate, a professor of psychology. “Sitting and toughing it out is likely a better choice.” The new findings add to a growing body of evidence that boredom is on the rise, despite a world filled with content we can access at all times. People who are bored often turn to their phones, only to feel more bored. Swiping on social media has also been linked to increased feelings of boredom. Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation. 1．What is the cause of attention shifts according to Tam’s theory? A．The unsatisfied desire. B．The feeling of boredom. C．The degree of engagement. D．The lack of emotion. 2．What does Tam’s study of “digital switching” focus on? A．Its reason. B．Its consequence. C．The solution to it. D．The theory behind it. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To solve a problem. B．To make a suggestion. C．To raise a question. D．To give a warning. 4．What does the comparison between “digital switching” and an animal jumping from tree to tree imply? A．Digital switching can lead to a waste of time and effort. B．Animals are more efficient than humans in searching for resources. C．Boredom is a natural response to unproductive activities. D．Quick escapes can prevent us from achieving meaningful engagement. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江温州·期中）Carbon monoxide (CO) is best-known as a poison. Each year around 30,000 people worldwide die from exposure to the gas, which can be produced by cooking stoves or indoor fires. But could it also have something to offer the hard-pressed athletes looking for an edge? The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), which governs professional cycling, worries that it might. At a meeting on January 31st,2025, the UCI recommended that its bosses ban the use of carbon monoxide by riders on medical grounds. The UCI has even requested the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) to decide whether repeatedly breathing in carbon monoxide should be considered doping (兴奋剂). That a poisonous gas might be performance-enhancing is less surprising than it sounds. Hemoglobin (血红蛋白) attaches to oxygen to transport it throughout the body, but CO attaches to haemoglobin more strongly than oxygen does, preventing oxygen transport. While too much exposure can lead to asphyxiation (窒息), smaller doses can cause mild lack of oxygen. Extended lack of oxygen stimulates the bone marrow (骨髓) to increase red blood cell production, which offers benefits for endurance athletes. More red blood cells enhance the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity, enabling athletes to perform better over long distances. It indeed works in practice. In 2020 a group of researchers led by Walter Schmidt at the University of Bayreuth published a paper examining the effects of CO on bicycle athletes. They found that small doses given five times a day for three weeks led to a roughly 5% increase in the amount of haemoglobin in their blood. Levels of haemoglobin found in red blood cells is an important statistic for endurance athletes. Even more appealing, though, is the fact that the gas has legal uses. Indeed, CO is routinely used to keep track of riders’ fitness. Moreover, all the equipment and supplies necessary to abuse the gas are already widely used. “It would be pretty easy for the riders to move the needle from just monitoring their fitness to performance enhancement,” notes Walter Schmidt. 1．What is the UCI’s recommendation concerning the issue of CO? A．Opposing its abuse. B．Advocating its wide use. C．Canceling its restriction. D．Balancing its pros and cons. 2．What can CO offer the hard-pressed athletes? A．Degrading their endurance. B．Boosting their performances. C．Reducing red blood cell production. D．Increasing their chances of asphyxiation. 3．What is Para 3 mainly about? A．The reasons for CO’s risks. B．The effects of CO in practice. C．The chemical composition of CO. D．The medical grounds for CO’s benefits. 4．What is Walter Schmidt’s tone regarding the issue of CO in the last paragraph? A．Confident. B．Hopeful. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期中）Many actors have famously remarked that they have, time and again, lost themselves in their performances. Now, researchers at University College London (UCL) have found some truth to this statement. A new study suggests actors may contain their sense of self when they take on a new character, hinting at the massive impact theater training may have on fundamental mechanisms of the human brain. “Our findings indicate that cooperating with the theater industry could be helpful in producing theories about social interaction that could also be investigated in the real world,” said Dwaynica Greaves, lead author of the study. In particular, the researchers are hoping that future work in this space can focus on how participation in theatrical activities might help people with autism (自闭症). The actors in the study were fitted with brain imaging technology while they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. When they heard their names while performing, their response was contained in the brain region associated with self-awareness. While they were not performing, the actors responded normally when called by name. The study also looked at interpersonal coordination between pairs of actors. The researchers noticed that two actors rehearsing together had similar brain activity in the regions of the brain associated with social interaction and action planning, revealing “specific brain systems that are coordinated during complex social interactions”. In fact, drama therapy has been considered a beneficial practical strategy for improving social communication in children with developmental or learning disabilities. An initial study found students with autism who underwent theater experiences showed significant positive changes in the development of social and language skills. In the future, researchers at UCL aim to include both trained and untrained actors as subjects. The recent study, admittedly, lacked a control group of people without theater training and had a small sample size of only 6 actors. But the researchers remain hopeful of the possible future applications of their findings in aiding social communication, including in individuals with autism. 1．What did the new study find about actors taking on a role? A．Their self-awareness may weaken. B．They may lose themselves completely. C．Their brain mechanisms may be damaged. D．They may forget their previous experiences. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By interacting with the actors. B．By observing the actors’ behavior. C．By surveying the actors’ responses. D．By monitoring the actors’ brain activity. 3．What did drama therapy bring to students with autism? A．Improved physical health. B．Enhanced cognitive abilities. C．Strengthened interpersonal skills. D．Increased academic performance. 4．What can be inferred about the study? A．The researchers lacked expertise. B．It can be used to train child actors. C．It is promising despite its limitations. D．It is a major breakthrough in medicine. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江温州·期中）Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired, in part, by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).” But it had received little attention for around a century, according to nonverbal communication expert David Matsumoto. Then modern researchers examined how the brain reacts to facial expressions, and how babies copy facial and hand gestures. And scientists have also realized the complexity of body language. Much research has suggested that body language is often hard to interpret, or understand. But for years some advisers and experts have been using their knowledge in many practical areas. “I help people influence and persuade others around how trustworthy and credible (可信的) their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication,” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of “Winning Body Language”, a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as their gestures. Some experts also say they can use those signals to interpret hidden emotions. Joe Navarro is the author of “What Every Body Is Saying.” It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. It’s easy to spot a speaker’s lip movements when he faces a question he doesn’t like, Joe said. While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. “Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states,” Matsumoto said. So do some body movements. But “people do all kinds of things with their bodies,” he said. Your raised eyebrow could express doubt — but it might also signal discomfort or surprise. The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures, he said. 1．What role did Charles Darwin’s study play according to paragraph 1? A．It unlocked the secret of the human mind. B．It promoted the development of human language. C．It encouraged people to care more about animals. D．It helped start modern research on body language. 2．What can we infer about Mark Bowden? A．He gives advice on business language. B．He teaches people about body language. C．He focuses mainly on facial expressions. D．He pays more attention to spoken language. 3．According to the passage, Joe Navarro’s book helps readers to ______. A．improve their public speaking skills B．understand cultural differences in gestures. C．detect hidden emotions through body language. D．increase their charm in communication. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Body language is more reliable than spoken language. B．Modern research has fully understood body language. C．Scientists are cautious about the reliability of body language interpretation. D．Experts have successfully applied body language in practical areas. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍现代肢体语言研究的发展及专家观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired, in part, by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).” (关于肢体语言 (通常被称为非语言行为) 的现代研究始于20世纪60至70年代，这些研究旨在证明面部表情所表达情感的普遍性。这项研究在一定程度上受到了Charles Darwin所著的《人类和动物的情感表达》 (1872年) 的启发。)”可知，达尔文的研究启发了现代肢体语言研究，推动其起步。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段““I help people influence and persuade others around how trustworthy and credible (可信的) their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication,” said Mark Bowden. (Mark Bowden说：“我通过帮助人们掌握特定的非语言沟通方式，让他们在传达信息时显得更值得信赖和可信，从而影响和说服他人。”)”及“He is the author of “Winning Body Language”, a guide for readers including business people and famous people. (他是《赢在肢体语言》一书的作者，这本书是为包括商务人士和名人在内的读者提供指导的指南)”可知，Mark Bowden通过书籍和实践指导人们使用肢体语言，可推断他从事相关教学。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. (这是一本关于通过非语言行为解读一个人内心想法的书)”可知，Joe Navarro的书教读者通过肢体语言解读隐藏情绪。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. (尽管这些专家的研究吸引了大量受众，但许多科学家并不确定他们的方法是否可靠)”可知，科学家对肢体语言解读的可靠性持谨慎态度。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Sugar-free cookies, reduced-sugar cereal, sugar-free candy, diet soda... are these better for you? Since sugar became a taboo (禁忌) in the nutrition and wellness world, sugar-free food items and drinks have acted as substitutes for once beloved sweet drinks and snacks. Claiming to be ZERO sugar means it is healthier, better for diabetics, and helps you slim down... Right? Wrong. Sugar-free isn’t better for you. In fact, sugar-free is worse. Sugar-free means that artificial sweeteners are used instead of real sugar. The problem: these sweeteners do not come from natural sources and they can cause you more harm than good. Let’s get into what these artificial sweeteners actually are. Sugar-free sugar sounds wrong and that’s because there is no such thing as sugar-free sugar. Some of these sugar-free alternatives still contain sugar and the ones that don’t contain sugar have chemicals your body often does not know how to process. Most artificial sweeteners are a lot sweeter than sugar, so only a tiny amount is needed. That’s why they can market sugar-free alternatives as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie”. It also means that you get no nutritional value from consuming them, which is why many sugar-free substitutes are classified as “non-nutritive”. These artificial sweeteners tend to hide under sneaky names. Actually, they are 200-600 times sweeter than sugar. When you eat sweet stuff, your body continues to desire it and, even though your body cannot metabolize (代谢) these sugar-free alternatives, your brain does not know the difference. In turn, sugar-free alternatives connect to weight gain and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). Artificial sweeteners also damage your gut’s ability to break down sugar, which impacts everything you eat. In other words, your body doesn’t know how to handle artificial sweeteners because they have nothing real to process. A good rule of thumb: stay away from artificial sweeteners and look for non-sugar, natural sweeteners like Stevia or date sugar. In the war against artificial sweeteners and real sugar, both lose. Satisfy your sweet tooth with natural sugars that come from fruits and stay away from products claiming to be sugar-free or diet! 1．What can be learned about sugar-free products? A．They don’t taste sweet. B．They are more nutritious. C．They help lose weight. D．They contain artificial sweeteners. 2．Why are sugar-free alternatives described as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie”? A．They won’t lead to weight gain. B．They are greener and healthier. C．They are much to everyone’s taste. D．Small quantities of artificial sweeteners are used. 3．What do we know about artificial sweeteners? A．They present a bigger health risk. B．They can be easily broken down. C．They are as sweet as sugar. D．They improve our ability to metabolize. 4．What is the author’s final conclusion? A．Real sugar is a better choice. B．Stay away from sugary products. C．Choose sugar from natural sources. D．Sugar-free products are healthier. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。如今市场上充斥着各种“无糖食品”和“无糖饮料”，它们对我们的健康究竟有着怎样的影响呢？ 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sugar-free means that artificial sweeteners (甜味剂) are used instead of real sugar.(无糖是指使用人工甜味剂代替真正的糖)”可知，所谓的“无糖产品”，其实是用人工甜味剂来代替真正的糖。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Most artificial sweeteners are a lot sweeter than sugar, so only a tiny amount is needed. That’s why they can market sugar-free alternatives as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie”.(大多数人造甜味剂比糖甜得多，所以只需要少量。这就是为什么他们可以以‘低卡路里’或‘无卡路里’来推销无糖替代品)”可知，由于人工甜味剂甜度非常高，所以其用量非常小，因此商家将其“无糖产品”标榜为“低卡路里”或“零卡路里”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“In turn, sugar-free alternatives connect to weight gain and type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).(糖尿病).(反过来，无糖替代品会导致体重增加和2型糖尿病)”以及倒数第二段中“Artificial sweeteners also damage your gut’s ability to break down sugar, which impacts everything you eat.(人工甜味剂还会损害肠道分解糖的能力，从而影响你吃的所有东西)”可知，这些所谓的“无糖产品”中含有的人工甜味剂会导致肥胖和糖尿病，还会损害肠道分解糖的能力，因此是更大的健康隐患。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A good rule of thumb: stay away from artificial sweeteners and look for non-sugar, natural sweeteners like Stevia or date sugar.(一个很好的经验法则：远离人造甜味剂，寻找无糖的天然甜味剂，如甜菊糖或枣糖)”可知，作者认为，无论糖还是人工甜味剂都不是好的选择，后者危害更大；喜欢甜食者最好的选择是摄取自然的糖分——比如来自水果的糖。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）An IT company from Finland has developed a new font (字体) which uses machine learning to rewrite bad language into kinder words. More than a third of bullying takes place online, and the numbers are on the rise, according to a report by the United Nations’ educational organization UNESCO. TietoEVRY developed the Polite Type font as a new tool to deal with online bullying among kids, pointing out harmful language and causing users to pick kinder words. As users try to write hurtful English words, the font will automatically replace them. Writing “I hate you” would, for example, result in the milder “I disagree with you” when Polite Type is used on the computer. Sentences such as “you are ugly” is replaced with “you are not traditionally beautiful” while rude words are blurred completely. The company says it is the first example where a blur has been used as a symbol in a font package. Racial slurs (种族歧视语) are replaced with the racial group the slur is related to, rather than blurring the word entirely. The vocabulary of the font was co-created with teenagers from Finland. The font’s library of words was chosen to include language from different origins, religions, and world views, and will make adjustments as more people and businesses use it. In the future, TietoEVRY suggests that machine learning could be used to teach the font to understand how language is used. Polite Type can be now downloaded and used for free. “We want bullies to rethink the words they use and the actual meaning behind them,” said Kia Haring, global head of communication and sustainability at TietoEVRY. “I hope that our cause acts as a wake-up call for all audiences to consider how bullying could be handled.” 1．What is special about the Polite Type font according to the text? A．It includes a wider vocabulary. B．It hides all the unusual expressions. C．It consists of words and symbols. D．It prefers long sentences to short ones. 2．What can we expect of the Polite Type font in the Future? A．It will have more words blurred. B．It will be constantly updated. C．More racial groups will use it. D．Users will be charged with using it. 3．What does Kia Haring think of creating the Polite Type font? A．Inspiring. B．Unsuccessful. C．appealing. D．Imperfect. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A font designed to fight online bullying B．Polite Type: the self-developing font C．Show others kindness by using a new font D．A font automatically avoids racial slurs 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种旨在打击网络欺凌的新字体Polite Type，它利用机器学习技术将不礼貌的语言自动替换为更友善的词汇。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Writing “I hate you” would, for example, result in the milder “I disagree with you” when Polite Type is used on the computer. Sentences such as “you are ugly” is replaced with “you are not traditionally beautiful” while rude words are blurred completely. The company says it is the first example where a blur has been used as a symbol in a font package. Racial slurs (种族歧视语) are replaced with the racial group the slur is related to, rather than blurring the word entirely.(例如，当在电脑上使用 Polite Type 字体时，输入“我恨你”，会显示为语气更温和的“我不同意你的观点”。像“你很丑”这样的句子会被替换为“你不是传统意义上的漂亮”，而粗鲁的词语会被完全模糊处理。该公司表示，这是首次在字体包中使用模糊符号。种族歧视语会被与其相关的种族群体名称所取代，而不是完全模糊该词)”可知，Polite Type字体的特别之处在于它由单词和符号组成。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The font’s library of words was chosen to include language from different origins, religions, and world views, and will make adjustments as more people and businesses use it. In the future, TietoEVRY suggests that machine learning could be used to teach the font to understand how language is used.(该字体的词库包含了来自不同起源、宗教和世界观的语言，并将随着更多个人和企业的使用而做出调整。未来，TietoEVRY 公司表示，机器学习可用于教会该字体理解语言的使用方式)”可知，未来Polite Type字体会不断更新。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““We want bullies to rethink the words they use and the actual meaning behind them,” said Kia Haring, global head of communication and sustainability at TietoEVRY. “I hope that our cause acts as a wake-up call for all audiences to consider how bullying could be handled.”(TietoEVRY 公司全球沟通与可持续发展主管起亚・哈林表示：“我们希望欺凌者重新思考他们使用的词语以及这些词语背后的真正含义。我希望我们所做的事情能给所有受众敲响警钟，让他们思考如何应对欺凌行为。”)”可知，起亚・哈林认为创建Polite Type字体是很有效果的，作用是鼓舞人心的。Inspiring表示“鼓舞人心的”，符合起亚・哈林对该字体的看法。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An IT company from Finland has developed a new font (字体) which uses machine learning to rewrite bad language into kinder words.(芬兰的一家信息技术公司开发了一种新字体，该字体利用机器学习将恶语改写为更友善的话语)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一款旨在对抗网络欺凌的字体。“A font designed to fight online bullying(一种旨在打击网络欺凌的字体)”作为标题最合适。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Since its announcement in 2020, Black Myth: Wukong has captured global attention, not only for its visually stunning gameplay but also for its deep cultural roots. Developed by Chinese game studio Game Science, the production is based on Journey to the West, one of China’s most celebrated classical novels. The game aims to bring the legendary Monkey King, Sun Wukong, to life in a way that blends traditional Chinese mythology with modern gaming technology. Unlike many Western fantasy games, which draw inspiration from European myths, Black Myth: Wukong presents a world filled with Chinese folk tales, Taoist philosophy, and Buddhist symbolism. The game’s artistic design, from its landscapes to its supernatural creatures, reflects traditional Chinese aesthetics. Additionally, the developers have worked hard to ensure that the combat system and storytelling remain faithful to the spirit of the original novel while making them accessible to a global audience. Despite its widespread popularity, the game has sparked discussions among different groups. Some Chinese players take immense pride in seeing their cultural heritage represented in a high-quality video game, believing it could introduce international audiences to Chinese mythology. Others, however, worry that certain adaptations may oversimplify or commercialize the story, reducing its philosophical depth to mere action and visual wonders. Dr. Lin Zhi, a cultural analyst at Beijing University, points out: “The success of Black Myth: Wukong could mark a turning point for Chinese game developers, proving that homegrown games can compete on the world stage. However, whether it will truly deepen global appreciation for Journey to the West remains to be seen.” While debates continue, one thing is certain: Black Myth: Wukong represents more than just a game. It is an effort to reinterpret Chinese mythology for a new generation, illustrating how digital entertainment can bridge cultural divides. 1．What is the main purpose of Black Myth: Wukong? A．To promote Taoist philosophy to Western players. B．To combine Chinese mythology with modern gaming. C．To provide an exact retelling of Journey to the West. D．To recreate European fantasy elements in an Eastern setting. 2．What do some Chinese players worry about? A．The game might not appeal to an international audience. B．The high difficulty level could discourage new players. C．The game’s adaptation might philosophically weaken the novel’s depth. D．The developers might change the main character’s identity. 3．What does Dr. Lin Zhi’s statement emphasize? A．The challenges of adapting literature into video games. B．The game’s impact on China’s gaming industry. C．A comparison with other adaptations of Journey to the West. D．A doubt regarding the game’s ability to promote a Chinese classic globally. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The game will likely increase international interest in Chinese games. B．There is no argument over what cultural influence the game has. C．Most players believe the game expands cultural divides. D．The game promotes China’s cultural heritage among younger people. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国游戏《黑神话：悟空》的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The game aims to bring the legendary Monkey King, Sun Wukong, to life in a way that blends traditional Chinese mythology with modern gaming technology.(这款游戏旨在通过将中国传统神话与现代游戏技术相结合的方式，将传说中的孙悟空变为现实)”可知，《黑神话：悟空》的主要目的是将中国神话与现代游戏相结合。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Others, however, worry that certain adaptations may oversimplify or commercialize the story, reducing its philosophical depth to mere action and visual wonders.(然而，其他人担心某些改编可能会过度简化或将故事商业化，将其哲学深度降低到仅仅是动作和视觉奇观)”可知，一些中国玩家担心游戏的改编可能会削弱小说的深度。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Dr. Lin Zhi, a cultural analyst at Beijing University, points out: “The success of Black Myth: Wukong could mark a turning point for Chinese game developers, proving that homegrown games can compete on the world stage. However, whether it will truly deepen global appreciation for Journey to the West remains to be seen.”(北京大学文化分析师林志博士指出：“《黑神话：悟空》的成功可能标志着中国游戏开发商的一个转折点，证明国产游戏可以在世界舞台上竞争。然而，它是否会真正加深全球对《西游记》的欣赏，还有待观察。”)”可知，林志博士的声明强调了人们怀疑这款游戏是否有能力在全球推广一款中国经典游戏。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While debates continue, one thing is certain: Black Myth: Wukong represents more than just a game. It is an effort to reinterpret Chinese mythology for a new generation, illustrating how digital entertainment can bridge cultural divides.(尽管争论仍在继续，但有一件事是肯定的：《黑神话：悟空》代表的不仅仅是一个游戏。这是为新一代重新诠释中国神话的努力，说明了数字娱乐如何弥合文化鸿沟)”可知，根据本段内容可推知该游戏在年轻人中推广了中国的文化遗产。故选D项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江嘉兴·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making remarkable progress in the medical field in recent years. AI is being applied in various aspects of healthcare, bringing about revolutionary (革命性的) changes. In the area of disease diagnosis (诊断), AI-powered systems are showing great potential. These systems can analyze vast amounts of patient data, including medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. For example, some AI algorithms (算法) can detect early signs of cancer in medical images with a high level of accuracy. They can spot tiny tumors or abnormal cell patterns that might be overlooked by human doctors. This is because AI can process and learn from a huge number of previous cases, constantly improving its diagnostic capabilities. When it comes to drug development, AI also plays a crucial role. It can speed up the process of finding new drugs. AI algorithms can analyze the chemical structures of various substances and predict how they will interact with the human body. This helps pharmaceutical (制药的) companies to screen potential drug candidates more efficiently. Instead of spending years on trial-and-error in the laboratory, they can use AI to narrow down the options and focus on the most promising ones. Medical robots are another area where AI is making an impact. Robots can assist surgeons during operations. These intelligent robots can be more precise than human hands in some cases. They can follow pre-programmed instructions accurately, reducing the risk of human error during complex surgical procedures. Also, some robots are designed to provide care for patients, such as helping them move around or reminding them to take medications. In conclusion, the application of AI in the medical field is opening up new possibilities for improving healthcare quality, saving lives, and advancing medical research. 1．What is one key advantage of AI-powered systems in disease diagnosis? A．They only focus on treating minor illnesses. B．They can completely replace human doctors. C．They process and analyze large amounts of medical data. D．They do not require any training with past cases. 2．How does AI contribute to drug development? A．By directly producing new drugs in seconds. B．By reducing the cost of laboratory equipment. C．By slowing down the process of finding new drugs. D．By predicting interactions between chemicals and the human body. 3．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 4? A．Medical robots can only assist surgeons during operations. B．Medical robots are mainly designed to help patients move around. C．Medical robots can help reduce the occurrence of errors in complex surgical procedures. D．Medical robots are always more precise than human hands in all surgical procedures. 4．Which title best summarizes the passage? A．The Role of AI in Drug Development B．The Applications of AI in Healthcare C．The Limitations of AI in Modern Medicine D．The Comparison of Medical Robots and Human Surgeons 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在医疗领域的三大应用：通过分析大量数据提高疾病诊断准确性、加速药物研发流程，以及通过医疗机器人提升手术精准度和患者护理效率，展现了人工智能对医疗行业的革命性影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the area of disease diagnosis (诊断), AI-powered systems are showing great potential. These systems can analyze vast amounts of patient data, including medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.(在疾病诊断领域，人工智能驱动的系统展现出巨大潜力。这些系统能够分析海量患者数据，包括X光片、CT扫描和核磁共振成像等医疗影像)”可知，该系统在疾病诊断领域的优势是可以处理和分析大量医疗数据。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“AI algorithms can analyze the chemical structures of various substances and predict how they will interact with the human body.(人工智能算法能够分析各种物质的化学结构，并预测它们与人体的相互作用)”可知，人工智能可以预测化学药物与人体的相互作用，从而加速药物研发。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“These intelligent robots can be more precise than human hands in some cases. They can follow pre-programmed instructions accurately, reducing the risk of human error during complex surgical procedures.(在某些情况下，这些智能机器人的操作精度甚至超过人类医生。它们能精准执行预设指令，有效降低复杂外科手术过程中的人为失误风险)”可知，医疗机器人可以帮助减少复杂外科手术过程中错误的发生。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making remarkable progress in the medical field in recent years. AI is being applied in various aspects of healthcare, bringing about revolutionary (革命性的) changes.(近年来，人工智能(AI)在医疗领域取得了显著进展。AI正被应用于医疗健康的各个方面，带来了革命性的变革)”可知，文章围绕AI在医疗领域的三大应用展开，包括疾病诊断、药物研发和医疗机器人。因此，B项“AI在医疗中的应用”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Music and arts classes are often the first to be cut when schools face tight budgets and pressure to achieve high scores on standardized tests. But it’s precisely those classes that can increase student interest in school and even benefit their math achievement, according to a new study. Daniel Mackin Freeman and Dara Shifrer, used a large nationally representative dataset to see which types of arts classes impact math achievement and how it varies based on the socio-economic composition of the school. Schools with lower socio-economic status (SES) have a higher percentage of students qualified for free or reduced lunch. The researchers found that taking music courses at higher-or-mid-SES schools relates to higher math scores. Mackin Freeman said that’s not a surprise given the ways in which music and math overlap. “If you think about it at an intuitive (直觉的) level, reading music is just doing math,” he said. “Of course, it’s a different type of math but it might be a more engaging form of math for students than learning calculus (微积分).” However, the positive relationship between music course-taking and math achievement is primarily isolated to schools that serve more socially privileged students. The study suggests this could be because arts courses in low-SES schools are of lower quality and/or under-resourced. Students in low-SES schools also take fewer music and arts classes on average compared to their peers, also suggesting low-SES schools are under-resourced when it comes to arts courses. “It’d be reasonable to expect that at under-resourced schools, the quality of the music program would distinguish any potential connection to other subjects,” Mackin Freeman said. “For programs as resource-intensive as something like band, under-resourced schools are less likely to even have working instruments, let alone an instructor who can teach students to read music in a way that they can make connections to arithmetic (算术).” Mackin Freeman said the findings suggest that learning shouldn’t happen in only one subject and the ways some schools have attempted to increase math achievement — by over-emphasizing math and cutting the arts — is shortsighted and counterproductive. 1．Which statement would Mackin Freeman agree with? A．Math should replace music. B．Music is easier to learn than math. C．Math and music share similar features. D．Music is directly linked to academic achievement. 2．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By describing a process. D．By analyzing causes. 3．Why can’t the students in low-SES schools achieve high scores in math? A．They pay no attention. B．They have limited resources. C．They care more about math grades. D．Their students are not smart enough. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Fewer arts lessons, higher maths grades. B．Higher income, better math achievement. C．Investment in math needed by under-privileged schools. D．Music linked to higher math scores at wealthier schools. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究表明音乐课与较富裕学校学生数学成绩提高有关。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mackin Freeman said that’s not a surprise given the ways in which music and math overlap. “If you think about it at an intuitive (直觉的) level, reading music is just doing math,”(Mackin Freeman表示，考虑到音乐和数学的重叠方式，这并不奇怪。“如果你从直觉层面来考虑，读乐谱就是在做数学。”)”可知，Mackin Freeman会同意数学和音乐有相似之处这一观点。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, the positive relationship between music course-taking and math achievement is primarily isolated to schools that serve more socially privileged students. The study suggests this could be because arts courses in low-SES schools are of lower quality and/or under-resourced. Students in low-SES schools also take fewer music and arts classes on average compared to their peers, also suggesting low-SES schools are under-resourced when it comes to arts courses.(然而，参加音乐课程与数学成绩之间的积极关系主要局限于为社会地位较高的学生服务的学校。该研究表明，这可能是因为低社会经济地位学校的艺术课程质量较低和/或资源不足。与同龄人相比，低社会经济地位学校的学生平均参加的音乐和艺术课程也较少，这也表明低社会经济地位学校在艺术课程方面资源不足)”可知，第四段主要是通过分析原因来展开的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““It’d be reasonable to expect that at under-resourced schools, the quality of the music program would distinguish any potential connection to other subjects,” Mackin Freeman said.For programs as resource-intensive as something like band, under-resourced schools are less likely to even have working instruments, let alone an instructor who can teach students to read music in a way that they can make connections to arithmetic (算术).(麦金·弗里曼说：“在资源不足的学校，音乐课程的质量可以区分出与其他学科的潜在联系，这是有道理的。”对于像乐队这样资源密集型的项目，资源不足的学校甚至不太可能有可用的乐器，更不用说有一位能够教学生读乐谱的老师，让他们能够将乐谱与算术联系起来)”推知，社会经济地位较低学校的学生数学成绩不高是因为他们资源有限。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But it’s precisely those classes that can increase student interest in school and even benefit their math achievement, according to a new study.(但一项新研究表明，正是这些课程可以提高学生对学校的兴趣，甚至有助于提高他们的数学成绩)”以及后文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明音乐课与较富裕学校学生数学成绩提高有关，因此D选项“Music linked to higher math scores at wealthier schools.(音乐与较富裕学校学生数学成绩提高有关)”最适合作文章标题。故选D。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）An alarming phenomenon has sprung up over the past few years: Many students are arriving at college unprepared to read entire books. A Columbia professor said his students are overwhelmed at the thought of reading multiple books a semester; a professor at the University of Virginia said that his students shut down when they’re confronted with ideas they don’t understand. Criticizing young people’s literacy is a pastime that stretches back centuries, but in the past decade, something seems to have noticeably shifted. Most of the professors said they’ve seen a generational change in how their students engage with literature. Why is this happening? The allure of smartphones and social media came up, and it appears that many middle and high schools are teaching fewer full books. The problem does not appear to be that “kids these days” are incurious or uninterested in reading. Instead, young people might be responding to a cultural message: Books just aren’t that important. Professors didn’t think their students were lazy. If anything, they were shocked at how over-scheduled and anxious college kids are today—and they saw that their students’ schedules are crowded with activities that are less about personal development and more relevant to future employment. There are too many demands on their time and focus to immerse themselves easily or fully in works of literature that might take 20 hours to consume. In 1971, 37 percent of students said that a central objective of their college years was to become well-off financially. Seventy-three percent said it was to develop a meaningful philosophy of life. By now, those numbers had almost reversed. Eighty-two percent of students said that it was essential for them to use college to become well-off financially, while 47 percent said they wanted to develop a meaningful philosophy of life. Pundits and parents alike have emphasized preprofessional courses and downplayed the importance of humanistic study. In this environment, spending hours reading a novel may seem unproductive. 1．Why does the author mention two professors in paragraph 1? A．To draw a conclusion. B．To put forward the topic. C．To provide background information. D．To give supporting evidence to the topic. 2．What does the underlined word “allure” mean in paragraph 2? A．appearance B．charm C．decline D．reputation 3．What may contribute to college students’ change in reading books? A．The widespread of digital devices. B．The disappearance of literature interest. C．The laziness character in human nature. D．The finance situation in their college life. 4．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．By giving a description. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By offering examples. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕近年来大学生读书现状展开，探讨了学生阅读整本书准备不足的现象、原因及背后反映的问题。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段开篇提出“An alarming phenomenon has sprung up over the past few years: Many students are arriving at college unprepared to read entire books.( 过去几年出现了一个令人担忧的现象：许多学生上大学时没有准备好阅读整本书)”这一现象。接着提到“A Columbia professor said his students are overwhelmed at the thought of reading multiple books a semester; a professor at the University of Virginia said that his students shut down when they’re confronted with ideas they don’t understand.( 哥伦比亚大学的一位教授说，他的学生一想到一个学期要读好几本书，就不知所措；弗吉尼亚大学的一位教授说，他的学生在面对他们不理解的想法时就会沉默。)”可知，哥伦比亚大学的一位教授说他的学生一想到一个学期要读多本书就不知所措，弗吉尼亚大学的一位教授说他的学生在遇到不理解的观点时就会放弃。由此可知，提到这两位教授是为了给前面提出的现象提供支持性的证据，证明很多大学生没有准备好读整本书这一现象是存在的。故选D项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The…of smartphones and social media came up, and it appears that many middle and high schools are teaching fewer full books.( 智能手机和社交媒体的……开始显现，而且许多初中和高中似乎正在减少完整的课本教学。)”结合语境可知，智能手机和社交媒体的“魅力”导致了学生阅读整本书的情况减少，B选项“charm”（魅力）与 “allure”意思相近。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The allure of smartphones and social media came up, and it appears that many middle and high schools are teaching fewer full books. The problem does not appear to be that “kids these days” are incurious or uninterested in reading. Instead, young people might be responding to a cultural message: Books just aren’t that important.( 智能手机和社交媒体的诱惑开始显现，而且许多初中和高中似乎正在减少完整的课本教学。问题似乎不是“现在的孩子”对阅读不感兴趣或不感兴趣。相反，年轻人可能是在回应一种文化信息：书并没有那么重要。)”可知，智能手机和社交媒体的吸引力出现，且许多中学教授的整本书更少了，这可能导致了大学生在阅读书籍方面的变化。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In 1971, 37 percent of students said that a central objective of their college years was to become well-off financially. Seventy-three percent said it was to develop a meaningful philosophy of life. By now, those numbers had almost reversed. Eighty-two percent of students said that it was essential for them to use college to become well-off financially, while 47 percent said they wanted to develop a meaningful philosophy of life.( 1971年，37%的学生表示，他们大学时代的核心目标是在经济上变得富裕。73%的人说是为了培养一种有意义的人生哲学。到目前为止，这些数字几乎已经逆转。82%的学生表示，利用大学时间实现经济富裕对他们来说至关重要，而47%的学生表示，他们希望培养一种有意义的人生哲学。)”可知，作者通过对比 1971 年和现在学生对于上大学目标的不同数据，1971 年 37% 的学生认为大学期间的主要目标是在经济上富裕，73% 的学生认为是培养有意义的人生哲学；现在 82% 的学生认为利用大学在经济上富裕很重要，47% 的学生认为想培养有意义的人生哲学。通过这种对比，说明了学生目标的变化以及对人文学科学习的忽视。故选C项。 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Astronomers have uncovered the feeding schedule of a supermassive black hole, revealing that it consumes material about every three and a half years. The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed. Astronomers first noticed the black hole’s activity when the galaxy it resides in experienced a significant increase in brightness in 2018. They identified this as a tidal (潮汐的) disruption (扰乱) event, which occurs when a star is torn apart by the intense gravitational (引力的) forces of a black hole. As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. This emission eventually faded, suggesting that the black hole had consumed the matter. However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again. The astronomers learned that the star had moved into a highly extended orbit around the black hole after the first encounter. When it eventually approached again, the galaxy lit up with X-ray and UV light as more of the star’s material was consumed. This discovery allowed the scientists to calculate the star’s orbital period, helping them learn that the black hole consumes material approximately every three and a half years. On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed. 1．What is the significance of the discovery of the feeding schedule of a black hole? A．It led to scientists’ discovery of a supermassive black hole. B．It made the formation of the black hole known to scientists. C．It changed scientists’ views about the threat from black holes. D．It broadened scientists’ knowledge of the power of the universe. 2．What made the black hole’s activity discovered? A．The powerful gravitational pull of a black hole. B．The X-ray and UV light released by the star. C．A sudden decrease in the galaxy’s brightness. D．A sharp rise in radio signals from the galaxy. 3．What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．The star had the ability to recover. B．The black hole had unstable forces. C．The star partly survived the black hole. D．The star shone before being pulled apart. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the team’s prediction? A．The black hole’s feeding schedule will be changed. B．The next encounter will take place outside the orbit. C．The next encounter will be tinier than the previous one. D．The star will be completely consumed by the black hole. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天文学家发现超大质量黑洞约每三年半吞噬一次物质，通过观测恒星被撕裂释放的射线等，揭示其进食周期，助于理解宇宙形成。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed. (这一发现为有关神秘宇宙力量的诸多问题提供了关键信息，进一步加深了科学家们对于宇宙形成机制的理解。)”可知，黑洞进食时间表的发现拓展了科学家对宇宙力量的认识。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. (当这颗恒星被撕裂时，其物质温度升高，产生了X射线和紫外线光，这些光被望远镜观测到了。)”可知，该恒星释放出的X射线和紫外线使得黑洞的活动得以被发现。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again. (然而，大约两年后，来自星系的X射线和紫外线再次分解。这种出乎意料的再度复苏表明，在它首次与黑洞相遇时，该恒星只是被部分吞噬了，而在再次靠近黑洞的过程中，又有更多的物质被吸走了。)”可知，这颗恒星在一定程度上逃过了黑洞的吞噬。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed. (基于这些情况，研究团队预测，黑洞与这颗恒星的下一次相遇将在2025年5月至8月之间发生，不过预计这次相遇的规模会较小，因为大部分恒星已经遭到破坏。)”可知，C选项“下一次的相遇规模将会小于之前的那次。”正确。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）If you were to throw, say, a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit — right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of waste banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags. Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment, we can’t only measure the severity (严重) of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s mouse population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn’t so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an astonishing 500 per cent. It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers spent£500 million on keeping the streets clean. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping, you could face a £20,000 fine. Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules. To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us. 1．Which of the following is the easiest to decompose in the passage? A．A glass bottle. B．An orange peel. C．An aluminum can. D．A plastic bag. 2．What can we know from paragraph 2? A．Annual littering has increased a little in the U. K. since the 1960s. B．Shorter-lasting materials will be less harmful to the environment. C．Cigarette-related littering is a severe environmental problem in the UK. D．Regular littering has caused the UK’s mouse population to reach 60 million. 3．Which of the following can best describe the UK’s punishment on littering? A．Every little helps. B．More haste, less speed. C．No pain, no gain. D．A drop in the bucket. 4．How does the author sound when mentioning the current situation of the city? A．Concerned. B．Reserved. C．Dismissive. D．Ashamed. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了垃圾对环境的影响以及英国在处理垃圾问题上的现状。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags.(一个橘子皮和一个烟头的生物降解时间与香蕉皮相似，但锡罐和铝罐的降解时间长达 100 年；塑料瓶、玻璃瓶和塑料袋则永远不会降解)” 可知，在选项所给内容中，橘子皮是最容易分解的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette - related litter is thrown in the UK every day.(例如，尽管香烟相关垃圾的生物降解时间相当短，但英国每天仍有超过 120 吨此类垃圾被丢弃)” 可推知，香烟相关的垃圾丢弃在英国是一个严重的环境问题。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules.(然而，不管处罚看起来多么严厉，在 82.5 万起报告案例中，只有 2000 起被处罚，所以在确保人们遵守规则方面我们还有很长的路要走)” 可推知，英国对乱扔垃圾的处罚力度相对较小，如同沧海一粟。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.(为了恢复我们美丽的城市，我们需要做的不仅仅是不在不该扔垃圾的地方扔垃圾。我们需要更多地关心我们周围的世界)” 可推知，作者在提到城市现状时，表达了对城市环境的担忧。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）Nestled in the waters off the coast of Tuscany, Italy, an unusual seafloor sculpture park is safeguarding its ocean environment. Fisherman Antonio Verdi has been casting his nets in these waters since his youth along the Maremma coastline. It was in the 1980s that he began to notice the clear signs: the seabed was becoming barren, with exhausted fish stocks. Until recently, Antonio Verdi has found himself not only competing with the decline of ocean resources but also with threatening practices of illegal “bottom trawlers (拖网捕鱼的人)”, who randomly spoil a large quantity of ocean life as they fish, dragging a weighted net along the seafloor behind their boats. Antonio Verdi’s style of artisanal fishing (手工捕鱼), in contrast, is friendly to nature as damaging the ecosystem could reduce fisher-men’s income. He understood that the success of his fishing activity was linked to the good state of the environment. The underwater “House of Fish” sculpture park, which was started in 2015, was encouraged by this fisherman. “One of the most effective solutions is to physically prevent trawling through artificial reefs, so I started working on this project, trying to combine the protection of the seabed with something that could also give an added value to our environment, something as beautiful as a sculpture,” he stated. Sculptures or rocks can break weighted trawler nets. They can also function as artificial reefs, offering habitats for corals and other sea creatures. Due to the presence of the underwater sculptures, some species not seen in a long while such as groupers and lobsters have rejoined the waters. The sculpture park represents both an artistic expression and a defence against destructive seafloor trawling. Presently, 39 massive stone sculptures are scattered across the seabed along an area of Tuscan coastline near the town of Talamone. In the near future, Antonio Verdi hopes to extend his protective efforts in coastal waters. “The sea is still under threat,” he says, “and my mission to protect it continues.” 1．What does the underlined word “barren” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Fruitful. B．Delicate. C．Unproductive. D．Fertile. 2．How does Antonio Verdi’s fishing differ from that of the illegal “bottom trawlers”? A．He uses larger nets to catch more fish. B．His method is less damaging to the ecosystem. C．He focuses on catching specific high-value fish. D．His fishes with the help of underwater sculptures. 3．What impact has the sculpture park had on the local ocean life? A．A decline in the variety of fish and other creatures. B．A shift in the types of fish caught by local fishermen. C．The return of species that had previously disappeared from the area. D．The construction of more artificial reefs to conserve are species. 4．What message is conveyed according to the project mentioned in this article? A．The ocean is too vast to be affected by human activities. B．Human activities have no significant impact on sea creatures. C．The only way to protect sea creatures is to prohibit human activities. D．Fishing should be in line with efforts to maintain a healthy ocean ecosystem. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利渔民Antonio Verdi通过创建海底雕塑公园保护海洋生态，防止拖网捕捞，并促进海洋生物回归的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It was in the 1980s that he began to notice the clear signs: the seabed was becoming barren, with exhausted fish stocks. (早在20世纪80年代，他就开始注意到明显的迹象：海底正在变得barren，鱼类资源枯竭)”可知，鱼类资源枯竭，说明海底正在变得贫瘠。由此可推测出barren的意思是“不毛的，贫瘠的”，与Unproductive意思相近。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Antonio Verdi’s style of artisanal fishing (手工捕鱼), in contrast, is friendly to nature as damaging the ecosystem could reduce fisher-men’s income. (相比之下，Antonio Verdi的手工捕鱼方式对自然更为友好，因为破坏生态系统会减少渔民的收入)”可知，Antonio Verdi的捕鱼方式对生态系统破坏较小。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Due to the presence of the underwater sculptures, some species not seen in a long while such as groupers and lobsters have rejoined the waters. (由于水下雕塑的存在，一些很久没见过的物种，如石斑鱼和龙虾，又回到了这片水域)”可知，雕塑公园使得一些之前从该地区消失的物种重新出现。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Antonio Verdi’s style of artisanal fishing (手工捕鱼), in contrast, is friendly to nature as damaging the ecosystem could reduce fisher-men’s income. He understood that the success of his fishing activity was linked to the good state of the environment. (相比之下，Antonio Verdi的手工捕鱼方式对自然更为友好，因为破坏生态系统会减少渔民的收入。他明白，他捕鱼活动的成功与环境状况的良好息息相关)”以及最后一段中““The sea is still under threat,” he says, “and my mission to protect it continues.”(“海洋仍然受到威胁，”他说，“我保护海洋的使命仍在继续。”)”可知，文章通过Antonio Verdi的故事传达了渔业应该与维护健康的海洋生态系统相一致的信息。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Cat lovers know that taking care of their furry companions goes beyond just hugs and cute pictures. From choosing the healthiest food to ensuring the safest products, every decision matters. One such essential choice is selecting the right cat litter(猫砂). If you’ve been exploring options, you’ve likely come across Applaws Cat Litter. What makes it a standout choice in a sea of alternatives? First, let’s acknowledge the problems most cat owners face. The struggle with conventional cat litters is all too real — dust clouds that irritate your pet’s respiratory system, bad smells that remain in your home, and the constant mess of tracking litter everywhere. Not to mention the environmental concerns that come with some waste. Second, enter Applaws Cat Litter, a product that promises to tackle these challenges head - on. With its innovative approach, it not only prioritizes your pet’s well - being but also considers the environment, offering a solution that’s as sustainable as it is effective. It’s no wonder pet owners are raving about this game - changing product. But is it worth the hype(大肆宣传)? Stick around as we unpack everything there is to know about Applaws Cat Litter and why it might just be the upgrade your cat friend deserves. At the core of Applaws Cat Litter’s success is its unique composition. Unlike traditional clay-based litters that contribute to environmental degradation, Applaws uses biodegradable materials. Made primarily from natural plant - based ingredients, this litter is designed to break down quickly without leaving harmful remains behind. For environmentally - conscious pet owners, this is a significant step forward. Choosing the right cat litter may seem like a small decision, but it can have a big impact on your pet’s health, your home’s cleanliness, and even the environment. Applaws Cat Litter offers an all-in-one solution that ticks all the boxes. Its natural, eco-friendly composition, superior odor control, and ease of use make it a standout choice for modern pet owners. If you’ve been searching for a litter that prioritizes your cat’s well-being without compromising on convenience or sustainability, Applaws Cat Litter deserves your attention. 1．What’s the writer’s ultimate intention in mentioning the problems in paragraph 2? A．To prove the shortcomings of traditional cat litter. B．To illustrate that cat care is a difficult undertaking. C．To show that most cat owners are not professional. D．To highlight the advantages of Applaws Cat Litter. 2．Which can replace the underlined words “raving about” in Paragraph 3? A．praising. B．criticizing. C．seeking. D．researching. 3．What is the key to Applaws Cat Litter’s success? A．The diversity of its materials. B．Its unique natural raw materials. C．The complexity of its design. D．The way it mixes materials. 4．What is the writer mainly trying to tell us by writing this passage? A．How Applaws Cat Litter was developed. B．Why traditional cat litter has lost its market. C．How we make cat litter environmentally friendly. D．Why Applaws Cat Litter is revolutionizing pet care. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 Applaws 猫砂，文章先指出养猫人在选择猫砂时面临的问题，接着引出Applaws猫砂，强调其能解决这些问题，重点阐述了该猫砂成功的核心原因，并表明它为现代养猫人提供了全面的解决方案，是宠物护理方面的革新。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The struggle with conventional cat litters is all too real — dust clouds that irritate your pet’s respiratory system, bad smells that remain in your home, and the constant mess of tracking litter everywhere. Not to mention the environmental concerns that come with some waste.(传统猫砂带来的困扰真实存在 —— 扬起的灰尘刺激宠物的呼吸系统，家中残留的异味，以及猫砂不断到处散落的脏乱情况。更不用说一些垃圾带来的环境问题了)可知，描述了传统猫砂诸多问题。紧接着第三段指出 “Second, enter Applaws Cat Litter, a product that promises to tackle these challenges head - on. With its innovative approach, it not only prioritizes your pet’s well - being but also considers the environment, offering a solution that’s as sustainable as it is effective.(其次，来了解一下 Applaws 猫砂，这款产品承诺直面应对这些挑战。它采用创新方法，不仅将您宠物的健康放在首位，还兼顾了环境因素，提供了一种既可持续又有效的解决方案)可知，通过先阐述传统猫砂问题，再表明Applaws猫砂能解决这些问题，可推知作者提及第二段问题是为了突出 Applaws 猫砂的优势，故选D 。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“With its innovative approach, it not only prioritizes your pet’s well-being but also considers the environment, offering a solution that’s as sustainable as it is effective. It’s no wonder pet owners are raving about this game-changing product.(凭借其创新的方法，它不仅优先考虑宠物的健康，还考虑到环境问题，提供了一种既可持续又有效的解决方案。难怪宠物主人对这款改变游戏规则的产品……)”可知，从 Applaws 猫砂的优点可推测，宠物主人对其应是持赞扬态度。选项 B “批评”，与产品优点不符；选项 C “寻找”，不符合语境；选项 D “研究”，文中未体现主人对其研究。选项 A “赞扬” 符合语境，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“At the core of Applaws Cat Litter’s success is its unique composition. Unlike traditional clay-based litters that contribute to environmental degradation, Applaws uses biodegradable materials. Made primarily from natural plant-based ingredients, this litter is designed to break down quickly without leaving harmful remains behind.(Applaws 猫砂成功的核心在于其独特的成分。与导致环境退化的传统粘土基猫砂不同，Applaws 使用可生物降解的材料。它主要由天然植物成分制成，这种猫砂设计为能快速分解且不留下有害残留物)” 可知，Applaws 猫砂成功的关键在于其独特的天然原材料。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文章开篇引出选择合适猫砂的重要性，中间对比传统猫砂问题突出 Applaws 猫砂优势，阐述其成功原因，结尾强调它为现代宠物主人提供全面解决方案。整体围绕 Applaws 猫砂为何在宠物护理方面具有革新性展开。所以作者通过短文告诉我们“为什么 Applaws 猫砂正在革新宠物护理” 。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）Why is the elephant trunk (鼻子) so wrinkly? In a new study in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers offer up some answers. This all started when Michael Brecht, a neurobiologist at Humboldt University in Berlin, and his colleagues were studying the brains of African savannah elephants and Asian elephants when they noticed a bump on each of the brain stems the size of a fava bean. “It’s very unusual. It looks very different from all other mammals,” Brecht says. It soon became clear to the researchers that the number of stripes — each one a bundle of nerve fibers — corresponded nearly exactly to the number of wrinkles in the elephant’s trunk. This discovery motivated him to take a closer look. First, Brecht and his team tracked down photographs of elephant fetuses (胎儿) to examine how the trunk develops. “It’s an incredibly fast growing body part, more than any other body part,” Brecht says. A couple months into development, the fetal trunk has about four wrinkles — at which point there’s sudden exponential growth. “Every 20 days, the number of wrinkles doubles,” he says. After a few months, things slow down. “African savannah elephants only add relatively few wrinkles in adulthood,” Brecht says. “In Asian elephants, there are noticeably more wrinkles added.” Brecht suspects this may be due to differences in how the two groups of elephants use their trunks for grasping. African savannah elephants use the tips of their trunks to pinch objects, pick them up and manipulate them. Asian elephants can do some pinching. “But when you give them a big fruit like a melon or a mango,” says Brecht, “they wrap their trunk around the object. So our thinking is that the wrinkles serve for making the trunk flexible.” Brecht also used a micro-CT scanner to look at newborn trunks in detail. He found that the skin is super thin in the troughs of the wrinkles, allowing them essentially to behave like joints. Maëlle Lefeuvre, a behavioral ecology doctoral student at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, thinks there may be engineering lessons to learn from these findings. Lafeuvre says understanding wrinkle formation and function could help inform the construction of a flexible and powerful trunk-like machine or robotic arm, for example. For Brecht, the findings reinforce how these body parts are exquisitely honed to help giant creatures feed, wherever they may live. “You cannot be such a big animal without being very heavily specialized,” he says. 1．What did Brecht’s study originally focus on? A．Wrinkles on elephants’ trunks. B．The brain of two kinds of elephants. C．The brain of mammals. D．Elephant fetuses. 2．What do we know about Brecht’s study of elephant fetuses? A．The increase of the number of wrinkles keeps the same speed. B．The trunk develops slower than other parts in elephant fetuses. C．The number of wrinkles rockets up in the first few months. D．The number of wrinkles doesn’t change. 3．What led to the difference of wrinkles between African savannah elephants and Asian elephants? A．The living environment. B．The food. C．The training. D．The use of the trunks. 4．What is Lafeuvre’s suggestions? A．Use the knowledge acquired from elephants’ trunks to engineering. B．Do more studies on the development of elephant fetus’s trunks. C．Apply the knowledge from Brecht’s study to elephant feeding. D．Track the development of trunks in adult elephants. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过研究大象鼻子上的皱纹，揭示了其发育过程和不同种类大象皱纹差异的原因，并探讨了这些发现对工程学的启示。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This all started when Michael Brecht, a neurobiologist at Humboldt University in Berlin, and his colleagues were studying the brains of African savannah elephants and Asian elephants when they noticed a bump on each of the brain stems the size of a fava bean. (这一切都始于柏林洪堡大学的神经生物学家迈克尔・布雷希特和他的同事们在研究非洲草原象和亚洲象的大脑时，他们注意到每一个脑干上都有一个蚕豆大小的凸起。)”可知，Brecht的研究最初聚焦于两种大象的大脑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A couple months into development, the fetal trunk has about four wrinkles — at which point there’s sudden exponential growth. “Every 20 days, the number of wrinkles doubles,” he says. (在发育的几个月后，胎儿的鼻子大约有四条皱纹 —— 在这一点上，皱纹数量突然呈指数增长。“每 20 天，皱纹的数量就会翻倍，” 他说。)” 可知，Brecht对大象胎儿的研究表明，在前几个月，鼻子上皱纹的数量急剧增加。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Brecht suspects this may be due to differences in how the two groups of elephants use their trunks for grasping. African savannah elephants use the tips of their trunks to pinch objects, pick them up and manipulate them. Asian elephants can do some pinching. “But when you give them a big fruit like a melon or a mango,” says Brecht, “they wrap their trunk around the object. So our thinking is that the wrinkles serve for making the trunk flexible.” (布雷希特怀疑这可能是由于这两组大象在使用鼻子抓取物体的方式上存在差异。非洲草原象用鼻子的尖端夹住物体、捡起并操作它们。亚洲象也能夹住东西。“但是当你给它们一个像甜瓜或芒果这样的大水果时，”布雷希特说，“它们会用鼻子缠住物体。所以我们认为这些皱纹是为了让鼻子更灵活。”)”可知，是使用鼻子的方式导致了非洲草原象和亚洲象鼻子皱纹的差异。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Maëlle Lefeuvre, a behavioral ecology doctoral student at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, thinks there may be engineering lessons to learn from these findings. Lafeuvre says understanding wrinkle formation and function could help inform the construction of a flexible and powerful trunk-like machine or robotic arm, for example. (克拉科夫雅盖隆大学的行为生态学博士生梅勒・勒弗夫认为，从这些发现中可能会学到一些工程学方面的知识。勒弗夫说，例如，了解皱纹的形成和功能有助于为构建一个灵活而强大的类似象鼻的机器或机械臂提供信息。)” 可知，Lafeuvre建议将从大象鼻子上获得的知识应用于工程学。故选A。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）In an EU-funded project, scientists investigated the impacts of climate change in the Arctic. They focused on a group of organisms that form the very basis of Arctic coastal ecosystems—kelps (海带). Like land trees, kelps provide food, habitat, and a nursery ground for a variety of organisms and thereby maintain complex ecosystems. The Arctic region is warming at a rate that is far above the global average. Consequently, snow and glaciers are melting—all of which are leading to coastal run-off plumes. These plumes bring big changes to water conditions: the salt levels decline and chemicals in the water change based on runoff content. While some elements are beneficial for kelps, harmful heavy metals like cadmium, lead, and mercury are found in higher amounts. Scientists found that as runoff intensity goes up, the amounts of elements in kelps also increase. For instance, runoff-affected kelps had 72% more mercury than those in the control area. The researchers also found that different runoff rates affect the kelp microbiome (微生物群系), which is important for kelp’s ecological functions like nutrient cycling. These changes can have far-reaching consequences for the entire ecosystem. The consumption of metal-polluted kelps was shown to have negative impacts, such as reduced development, growth, and reproduction, and might cause the harmful elements to build up across the Arctic food web. Eventually, this might also affect society and economy. The absorbing ability of kelps has to be considered when raising fish or other sea creatures and plants for food. However, harvesting kelps in bays with high levels of meltwater and metal pollution might be an environmentally friendly method to harvest rare earths. Rare earths are increasingly being used in key technologies such as renewable energies and electronics. 1．Why are kelps chosen as the research subject? A．They are the most common plants. B．The have excellent absorbing ability. C．They are at the base of Arctic ecosystems. D．They are easily affected by climate change. 2．What do coastal runoff plumes bring? A．Higher temperature. B．Harmful heavy metals. C．Increased salt levels. D．Positive impact on growth. 3．Which of the findings do the researchers approve of according to paragraph 3? A．Kelps maintain the biodiversity in the food chain. B．Runoff rates speed up the melting of coastal glaciers. C．Ecological functions in nutrient cycling get improved. D．Runoff rates lead to elements’ buildup in the food chain. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Heavy metal pollution levels in the Arctic. B．The socio-economic benefit of harvesting kelps. C．The impacts of climate change on Arctic fisheries. D．The role of kelp microbiome in element circulation. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极变暖致海带重金属累积，威胁生态，而另一方面收割重金属海带可以获得稀土，带来经济效益。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They focused on a group of organisms that form the very basis of Arctic coastal ecosystems—kelps (海带). Like land trees, kelps provide food, habitat, and a nursery ground for a variety of organisms and thereby maintain complex ecosystems.(他们集中研究了一组构成北极沿海生态系统基础的生物——海带。像陆地树木一样，海带为各种生物提供食物、栖息地和苗圃，从而维持复杂的生态系统)”可知，科研人员把海带作为研究对象是因为海带是北极生态系统的根基。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“These plumes bring big changes to water conditions: the salt levels decline and chemicals in the water change based on runoff content. While some elements are beneficial for kelps, harmful heavy metals like cadmium, lead, and mercury are found in higher amounts.(这些羽流给水质带来了巨大的变化：盐的含量下降，水中的化学物质根据径流的含量而变化。虽然有些元素对海带有益，但有害的重金属，如镉、铅和汞的含量较高)” 可知，径流羽流使得海水中重金属浓度的上升。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The researchers also found that different runoff rates affect the kelp microbiome (微生物群系), which is important for kelp’s ecological functions like nutrient cycling. These changes can have far-reaching consequences for the entire ecosystem. The consumption of metal-polluted kelps was shown to have negative impacts, such as reduced development, growth, and reproduction, and might cause the harmful elements to build up across the Arctic food web.(研究人员还发现，不同的径流速率会影响海带微生物群，这对海带的营养循环等生态功能很重要。这些变化会对整个生态系统产生深远的影响。研究显示，食用被金属污染的海带会产生负面影响，如发育、生长和繁殖减少，并可能导致有害元素在北极食物网中积聚)”可知，研究人员发现径流影响海带微生物群变化，导致有害元素经食物链累积，威胁北极生态系统稳定及生物生存。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“However, harvesting kelps in bays with high levels of meltwater and metal pollution might be an environmentally friendly method to harvest rare earths. Rare earths are increasingly being used in key technologies such as renewable energies and electronics.(然而，在高融水和高金属污染的海湾中收获海带可能是一种环保的收获稀土的方法。稀土正越来越多地用于可再生能源和电子等关键技术)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了收割含有重金属海带可获得稀土，带来社会经济效益。故选B项。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期中）A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon small animals like crickets and spiders eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,” says Ashley, “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.” Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature. Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an applet core to rot in a desert than in a forest.” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah, Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.” Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources. In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. 1．What attracted crickets and spiders? A．Foreign bacteria. B． Water sources. C．Food waste. D．Human trails. 2．What is the function of Ashley’s quote underlined in paragraph 1? A．Describe cleanup process B．Emphasize instant damage C．Praise rangers’ efficiency D．Explain cricket habits 3．Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5? A．To praise their benefits to desert life. B．To highlight our damage to ecosystems. C．To stress their significance for photography. D．To show our unawareness of nature’s sensitivity. 4．What is conveyed in this text? A．Encouraging wildlife protection. B．Leaving no trace in the wild. C．Promoting national park tourism. D．Restoring ecological damage. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类活动，特别是游客在自然保护区的不当行为，对自然环境造成的负面影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon small animals like crickets and spiders eat, spreading the pollution.(这种零食吸引了微小的生物，导致了不必要的生长。很快，像蟋蟀和蜘蛛这样的小动物就跑来觅食，从而扩散了污染)”可知，食物垃圾吸引了蟋蟀和蜘蛛。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章划线句子上文“A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful.(在新墨西哥州的卡尔斯巴德洞穴国家公园，一袋掉落的薯片扰乱了洞穴的生态系统。这个洞穴几乎与外界隔绝，所以引入任何外来的东西都可能有害)”以及“Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution.(很快，像蟋蟀和蜘蛛这样的小动物就跑来觅食，从而扩散了污染)”可知，一袋薯片掉落在洞穴里，虽然护林员在几小时内就发现了薯片，但是在此之前薯片已经吸引了微小生物，导致了不必要的生物生长，蟋蟀和蜘蛛等小动物也跑来觅食并扩散了污染。所以Ashley说“But that can be all it takes.”意思是损害已经造成了。由此可推知，第一段中下划线的阿什利的引言强调了瞬间伤害。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段““It’s just such a hard thing to resist, “says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that, “says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state.(“这真的很难抗拒，”Blye说。对敏感生态系统造成的风险并不明显。“很容易想到，哦，那边有野花。我不应该踩到它们，”Blye说，但这些充满了对沙漠生命至关重要的微生物的微小生态系统有很多益处，包括降低侵蚀风险和帮助吸收降雨，而且可能需要数百年才能恢复到原来的状态)”可知，Blye说人们看到拍照机会很难抗拒，对敏感生态系统的风险并不明显。人们很容易想到那边有野花不应该踩到，但这些对沙漠生命至关重要的微小生态系统有很多益处，而且需要数百年才能恢复到原来的状态。由此推断作者在第五段提到野花是为了表明我们对大自然敏感性的无意识。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature.(每年有超过5亿人参观美国的公共土地，这造成了许多破坏野生环境的机会。“当你看到这些数字时，真是令人难以置信，”科罗拉多州“不留痕迹”中心的负责人瓦茨说，该组织旨在将人类对自然的影响降到最低)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了人类活动对自然环境造成的破坏，尤其是食物残渣和生物垃圾对洞穴生态系统和国家公园的影响，以及强调了保护自然环境、不留痕迹的重要性。由此推断文章传达的是我们应该在野外不留下痕迹。故选B。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·浙江台州·期中）Farming was considered part of the rural charm in the past. But now, farms have come to the concrete jungle and they can even be found high up on balconies. According to a recent report released by Chinese e-commerce platform Alibaba, the sales of vegetable seeds on Tmall doubled in the first quarter compared with the same period last year. Sales of products such as nutrient soil and gardening tools have tripled since April of last year. Out of all the people buying farming tools and seeds, most were born after 1995. Zhang Chao, a 17-year-old senior high student from Anhui province, is one such young “urban farmer.” His love for planting grew when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside during primary school. His grandpa, a lifelong farmer, enjoyed planting seasonal vegetables in their backyard garden. Zhang was inspired by his grandpa’s passion and learned to grow his own vegetables. Despite the hard work of ploughing, fertilizing, and watering, Zhang felt a great sense of achievement when he saw his seeds turn into plants. “It brings back good memories,” he said. Though Zhang now lives in an apartment without a yard, he continues his hobby with a balcony garden. He has bought strawberry and tomato seeds. “Growing fruits and vegetables not only provides delicious food but also reminds me of the happy times with my grandpa,” he added. Fang Minke, a 16-year-old girl from Shenzhen Foreign Languages School, sees gardening as a way to relax and develop patience. With many academic responsibilities, she often feels stressed. To add some color to her life, she started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021. Most of the seeds were given by her friends. She plants them without knowing exactly what they are and waits patiently. After half a year, her balcony became a small garden with flowers and herbs like coriander. After long hours of homework, she enjoys walking around her balcony garden. “It makes me feel closer to nature and refreshed,” she said. “Even if the vegetables and herbs are not our main food, they add flavor to our dishes and brighten our busy days.” Planting vegetables is now more than just a way to survive. It also brings joy and purpose to young people’s lives. 1．In the passage, the word “concrete jungle” most probably refers to ______. A．a place with a lot of wild animals B．a busy and crowded urban area C．a forest with many concrete trees D．a garden made of concrete materials 2．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．The sales of vegetable seeds on Tmall increased significantly. B．Most buyers of farming tools were young farmers born after 1995. C．Zhang Chao moved to a place with a yard for gardening. D．Fang Minke knows the exact types of seeds given by friends. 3．Which best describes the motivations behind urban gardening among young people? A．It is driven by the need for fresh food and convenience. B．It is connected to family traditions and personal values. C．It is inspired by past memories, relaxation, and a desire for nature. D．It is popular among those with heavy schoolwork and stress. 4．The main idea of the passage is to ______. A．show the desire of urban youth to move to the countryside to experience country life B．describe how urban gardening helps young people deal with academic stress C．show the economic impact of urban gardening on e-commerce platforms D．highlight the shift from traditional rural farming to modern urban gardening 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在城市中兴起的“都市农业”现象，特别是年轻人参与种植活动的趋势。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章开篇“Farming was considered part of the rural charm in the past. But now, farms have come to the concrete jungle and they can even be found high up on balconies.(在过去，务农被视为乡村魅力的一部分。但如今，农场已经走进了钢筋水泥的丛林之中，甚至在高层的阳台上都能见到它们的身影。)”可知，此处将现在农场的位置与过去在乡村进行对比，现在农场甚至能在高层阳台上被发现，结合生活常识，高层阳台通常是在城市中。同时，后文也介绍了一些城市年轻人在阳台上进行种植的例子，如来自安徽的高中生张超和来自深圳的女生方敏可。因此，“concrete jungle”最有可能指的是一个繁忙且拥挤的城市地区。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to a recent report released by Chinese e-commerce platform Alibaba, the sales of vegetable seeds on Tmall doubled in the first quarter compared with the same period last year.(根据中国电子商务平台阿里巴巴最近发布的一份报告显示，天猫平台上蔬菜种子的销量在今年第一季度相比去年同期增长了一倍。)”可知，天猫平台上蔬菜种子的销量在第一季度相比去年同期增长了一倍，说明蔬菜种子的销量显著增加，A正确。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““It brings back good memories,” he said. Though Zhang now lives in an apartment without a yard, he continues his hobby with a balcony garden. He has bought strawberry and tomato seeds. “Growing fruits and vegetables not only provides delicious food but also reminds me of the happy times with my grandpa,” he added.(“这让我想起了美好的回忆。”他说道。虽然张超现在住在没有院子的公寓里，但他通过打造一个阳台菜园继续着自己的爱好。他购买了草莓和番茄种子。“种植水果和蔬菜不仅能收获美味的食物，还能让我想起和爷爷在一起的快乐时光。”他补充道。)”可知，他进行城市园艺是受过去和爷爷在一起的美好回忆的影响。再根据第三段“Fang Minke, a 16-year-old girl from Shenzhen Foreign Languages School, sees gardening as a way to relax and develop patience. With many academic responsibilities, she often feels stressed. To add some color to her life, she started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021.(方敏可，是一名来自深圳外国语学校的16岁女生，她将园艺看作是一种放松身心和培养耐心的方式。由于学业任务繁重，她常常感到压力很大。为了给生活增添一些色彩，她从2021年开始在自家阳台上种植蔬菜。)”和““It makes me feel closer to nature and refreshed,” she said.(她说：“这让我感觉更接近大自然，精神焕发。”)”可知，方敏可因为学业压力大，为了给生活增添色彩、放松身心而开始在阳台种植蔬菜。因此，最能描述年轻人进行城市园艺背后动机的是他们受到过去的回忆、放松以及对自然的渴望的启发。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出过去务农是乡村魅力的一部分，如今农场走进了城市（钢筋水泥丛林），在城市的阳台上都能看到农场。接着通过阿里巴巴的报告说明城市中年轻人购买种植相关产品的情况增多，还列举了张超和方敏可这两个城市年轻人进行阳台种植的例子，讲述他们种植的原因和感受。最后总结种植蔬菜如今不只是生存手段，还为年轻人生活带来快乐和意义。整体强调了从传统乡村农耕到现代城市园艺的转变。故选D。 Passage 9 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Ocean alkalinity (碱度) enhancement is a proposed method of removing extra CO2 from the atmosphere. It involves adding alkaline substances, such as basalt or calcium oxide, to ocean water to increase its pH. This helps to change dissolved (溶解的) CO2 in seawater into carbon compounds, unlocking the capacity for the oceans to draw down further CO2 from the atmosphere. In theory, ocean alkalinization could remove many billions of tons more CO2 from the atmosphere, helping to limit the impacts of climate change. But is releasing vast quantities of alkaline substances into the ocean harmless? Chris Reinhard at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta and his team investigated how the release of alkaline minerals would affect the cycling of carbon in the ocean. Using computer models, they assessed the impact of alkaline mineral release on “marine (海洋的) snow”, the tiny pieces of organic matter that sink from upper layers to the deep ocean and are central to the ecological and biological function of the ocean. They also modelled how effective alkaline minerals would be at bolstering carbon absorption in the oceans. The research produced some worrying findings: Naturally occurring alkaline minerals such as basalt were found to be ineffective at increasing ocean carbon absorption, because they don’t dissolve well in ocean water. They may also seriously affect the composition of marine snow, reducing the availability of organic matter that small sea creatures and other animals rely on for sustenance. This could have serious consequences across the food web in the ocean, even affecting the number of fish, warns Reinhard. Christopher Pearce at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, UK, says the study raises some interesting questions, but more research is needed to see if the findings apply to real-world tests. Shallow coastal waters may respond differently to alkalinization compared with the open-ocean settings the study modelled. 1．What is the main purpose of ocean alkalinization? A．To reduce atmospheric CO2. B．To create more marine snow. C．To improve marine biodiversity. D．To remove carbon from the ocean. 2．What does the underlined word “bolstering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Breaking. B．Balancing. C．Blocking. D．Boosting. 3．How does alkalinization affect marine ecosystems? A．It pollutes marine snow. B．It damages the food chain. C．It prevents fish from breathing. D．It stops organic matter from dissolving. 4．What does Christopher Pearce suggest about the findings? A．They need further confirmation. B．They conflict with real-world tests. C．They apply only to shallow waters. D．They are irrelevant to open oceans. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是海洋碱化技术的原理及其对减少大气二氧化碳的潜力，同时探讨了其对海洋生态系统的潜在影响和争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ocean alkalinity (碱度) enhancement is a proposed method of removing extra CO2 from the atmosphere.(海洋碱度增强是一种从大气中去除多余二氧化碳的方法)”可知，海洋碱化的主要目的是减少大气中的二氧化碳。故选A项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They also modelled how effective alkaline minerals would be at bolstering carbon absorption in the oceans.(他们还模拟了碱性矿物在bolstering海洋碳吸收方面的有效性)”可知，他们还模拟了碱性矿物在海洋碳吸收方面的有效性，结合第四段中的“The research produced some worrying findings: Naturally occurring alkaline minerals such as basalt were found to be ineffective at increasing ocean carbon absorption, because they don’t dissolve well in ocean water.(研究得出了令人担忧的结果：自然存在的碱性矿物（如玄武岩）在增加海洋碳吸收方面被发现无效，因为它们在海水中不易溶解)”可知，研究发现自然存在的碱性矿物在增加海洋碳吸收方面被发现无效，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“增加”意义相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They may also seriously affect the composition of marine snow, reducing the availability of organic matter that small sea creatures and other animals rely on for sustenance. This could have serious consequences across the food web in the ocean, even affecting the number of fish.(它们还可能严重影响海洋“雪”的组成，减少小型海洋生物和其他动物赖以生存的有机物供应。这可能会对海洋食物网产生严重后果，甚至影响鱼类数量)”可知，碱化会减少小型海洋生物和其他动物赖以生存的有机物供应，从而对海洋食物网产生严重后果，由此可知，碱化会影响海洋生态系统，损害食物链。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Christopher Pearce at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, UK, says the study raises some interesting questions, but more research is needed to see if the findings apply to real-world tests.(英国南安普顿国家海洋学中心的克里斯托弗·皮尔斯表示，这项研究提出了一些有趣的问题，但需要更多研究来验证这些发现是否适用于现实测试)”可知，克里斯托弗·皮尔斯认为这些发现需要进一步确认。故选A项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期中）3D printing, a technology that creates objects layer by layer, has revolutionized the way we make things. Recently, a group of Chinese scientists took things a step further by using this technology to create realistic replicas of human organs. Human organs have various textures (质地) with our bones being the hardest and the brains being the softest, which made it demanding to create a single material that could print different human organs previously. The research team from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences started by using hydrogel (水凝胶), a soft gel-like material as the main ingredient. To replicate the hardness of material like bone, the researchers added elements containing metal to the hydrogel and adjusted their ratio to create the texture of each organ. However, the structure inside human organs is also incredibly complicated with many interweaving channels. To make sure the printing results are correct, the team used light-curing (光固化) technology in the 3D printing process. A special lamp was placed under the printing machine, causing the gel to become solid right after it was printed. According to the team’s paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, they were able to produce organ models including the brain, lungs, and intestines (肠), which are essential for research purposes, such as testing medical equipment and demonstrating surgeries. Compared to live organs and animal models, these are also ethically acceptable since they are printed artificially. They can help researchers develop new treatments more efficiently, due to their lower relative cost, commented the Alliance of Advanced Biomedical Engineering website. However, they usually cannot be used as transplants, because human cells are likely to recognize them as “enemies” and start to fight against them. What scientists have been exploring in “printing” the organs is bioprinting: using 3D printing technology to build up various types of cells and materials layer by layer. This way, the printed product will be more acceptable to grow inside the human body. However, this method is still developing, and experts are hoping it will be used in the medical field within a decade, according to CNN. 1．What made it challenging to print human organs formerly? A．The complexity of human organs. B．The high cost of printing materials. C．The difficulty in creating various materials. D．The lack of appropriate printing technology. 2．What is a benefit of 3D organ models according to the article? A．They can fully replace animal testing. B．They can be used to test surgical tools. C．They work even better than live organs. D．They are easily made and relatively affordable. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Efficient new treatments. B．The objects created layer by layer. C．Various textures of human organs. D．The organ models created with hydrogel. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Hydrogel — The Innovative Material Used for Printing Human Organs B．3D Printing — The Most Advanced Technology in Creating Realistic Objects C．A Breakthrough — Producing Lifelike Copies of Human Organs by 3D Printing D．Bioprinting — Making Organ Models Acceptable to Grow Inside the Human Body 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述中国科学家利用3D打印技术结合水凝胶和光固化技术，制造出逼真的人体器官模型，并介绍其应用以及局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Human organs have various textures (质地) with our bones being the hardest and the brains being the softest, which made it demanding to create a single material that could print different human organs previously.(人体器官有各种不同的质地，骨头是最硬的，大脑是最软的，这使得以前很难创造出一种能打印不同人体器官的单一材料。)”以及“However, the structure inside human organs is also incredibly complicated with many interweaving channels.(然而，人体器官内部的结构也极其复杂，有许多相互交织的通道。)”可知，人体器官的复杂性使得以前打印人体器官具有挑战性。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to the team’s paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, they were able to produce organ models including the brain, lungs, and intestines (肠), which are essential for research purposes, such as testing medical equipment and demonstrating surgeries.(根据该团队发表在《先进功能材料》杂志上的论文，他们能够制作包括大脑、肺和肠道在内的器官模型，这些模型对于研究目的至关重要，例如测试医疗设备和演示手术。)”可知，3D器官模型的一个好处是可以用来测试手术工具。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“According to the team’s paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, they were able to produce organ models including the brain, lungs, and intestines (肠), which are essential for research purposes, such as testing medical equipment and demonstrating surgeries.(根据该团队发表在《先进功能材料》杂志上的论文，他们能够制作包括大脑、肺和肠道在内的器官模型，这些模型对于研究目的至关重要，例如测试医疗设备和演示手术。)”可知，划线代词they指代上文提到的器官模型；结合第二段中“The research team from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences started by using hydrogel (水凝胶), a soft gel-like material as the main ingredient.(来自中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所的研究小组首先使用水凝胶（一种柔软的凝胶状材料）作为主要成分。)”可知，3D打印的器官模型的主要成分是水凝胶，因此“they”指代的是用水凝胶制作的器官模型。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“3D printing, a technology that creates objects layer by layer, has revolutionized the way we make things. Recently, a group of Chinese scientists took things a step further by using this technology to create realistic replicas of human organs. 3D 打印是一种逐层创建物体的技术，它彻底改变了我们制造东西的方式。最近，一群中国科学家更进一步，利用这项技术制作出了逼真的人体器官复制品。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲了3D打印技术在制作逼真的人体器官复制品方面的突破，所以C选项“突破——利用3D打印技术制造逼真的人体器官复制品”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Cortisol, widely recognized as the “stress hormone (激素)”, plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggests a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem. “The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward.” Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes. Our bodies release cortisol when we encounter a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined. Things like coming across a bear on a hike, receiving an annoying work email or delivering a public speech are the typical cases. Cortisol aids in energy supply and metabolism (新陈代谢) controls. Its levels vary, peaking in the morning and reducing by night. However, long-term stress can disturb this balance, leading to high cortisol levels. Potential disadvantages are weakened immune system and high blood sugar, as well as mental illnesses like depression. In extreme cases, too much cortisol productions may lead to Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by serious physical changes and requiring medical treatment. Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol’s dynamic nature. Experts suggest turning to healthcare professionals for a thorough check. While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution for managing cortisol levels, research indicates that practices such as yoga, mindfulness, and moderate exercise can aid in regulating the body’s stress response. These activities not only help in reducing stress but also in training the body to manage its stress response more effectively over time. In conclusion, cortisol plays a key role in how our body handles stress and functions overall. However, saying that many health problems are just due to cortisol imbalances misses the complex interaction between hormones, stress and health. It’s important to treat the health-related factors as a whole, with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies. 1．What can we learn about cortisol from paragraph 1? A．It doesn’t directly cause health issues. B．It doesn’t influence sleep problem at all. C．It doesn’t help with stress management. D．It has nothing to do with stomach upset. 2．What does the underlined word “dynamic” mean in paragraph 4? A．Effective. B．Stable. C．Predictable. D．Changeable. 3．What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph? A．Training the body to ignore stresses. B．Taking an overall perspective on health. C．Paying more attention to cortisol imbalances. D．Testing at home for better cortisol evaluation. 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A hospital leaflet. B．A book review. C．A health magazine. D．A science paper. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮质醇的功能、误解及其与健康的关系，并提供了相关建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“The recent discussions in TikTok suggests a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem.(TikTok上最近的讨论表明了一种误解，即皮质醇失衡直接导致了各种健康问题，从皮肤松弛到睡眠和消化问题。)”可知，皮质醇不会直接导致健康问题。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Its levels vary, peaking in the morning and reducing by night.(它的水平各不相同，早上达到顶峰，晚上降低。)”并结合划线词句“Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol’s dynamic nature.(识别皮质醇相关问题需要专业评估，因为由于皮质醇dynamic 特性，自我评估或家庭测试可能无法提供准确的结果。)”可知，皮质醇是动态变化的，dynamic意为“动态的，发展变化的”，和Changeable意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s important to treat the health-related factors as a whole, with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies.(在专业指导和个性化的压力管理策略下，将健康相关因素作为一个整体来对待是很重要的。)”可知，作者在最后一段建议人们全面看待健康问题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。 通读全文，尤其是第一段“Cortisol, widely recognized as the “stress hormone (激素)”, plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggests a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem. “The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward.” Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes.(用。TikTok上最近的讨论表明了一种误解，即皮质醇失衡直接导致了各种健康问题，从皮肤松弛到睡眠和消化问题。“皮质醇和身体症状之间的关系并不直接。”哥伦比亚大学的Martin Picard等专家强调。)”可知，文章主要讨论了皮质醇的作用、误解及其对健康的影响，并提供了专业的健康建议。 这种内容通常出现在健康类杂志中。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·浙江·期中）Extreme heat seems to quicken biological ageing in older people, suggesting that it could raise the risk of age-related diseases. “This is one of the first large-scale studies to link long-term heat exposure to biological ageing in humans,” says Eun Young Choi at the University of Southern California. “Older adults living in areas with more extreme heat days aged biologically faster than those in cooler regions.” Choi and her colleagues analyzed genetic data from blood samples of 3,600 Americans aged 56 and older. They estimated each participant’s biological age using three so-called epigenetic (表观遗传的) clocks, which involves looking at patterns of chemical tags (标签) on DNA．These patterns change as we get older and such changes have been linked to age-related diseases. The researchers also examined daily air temperature readings taken within a few kilometres of where participants lived for the six years before blood samples were taken. They found that, for roughly every 200 days with temperatures reaching at least 32.2℃ (90°F) over six years, biological age increased by up to 3.5 months on average. Similar findings were reported in earlier studies from Taiwan and Germany, adding to the growing evidence of this global association. However, experts like Austin Argentieri at Harvard warn that epigenetic clocks alone cannot fully predict the ageing process or people’s risk of diseases. While the results are convincing, some scientists argue that genes may play a larger role than environmental factors in ageing.“Individual resilience varies widely,” said Argentieri. “We need more research to connect heat exposure,biological ageing,and actual health outcomes.” The study also did not account for factors like air conditioning use or time spent outdoors, which could significantly change personal heat exposure. The finding holds critical significance, especially as climate change increases heatwaves. Urban planning solutions, such as expanding green spaces to relieve the “heat island”effect in cities, could minimize risks. Identifying disadvantaged populations might also promote policies like government-funded cooling systems or tailored heat warnings. As temperatures rise globally, understanding heat’s hidden effects on health grows urgent. This study highlights how our environment may shape not just our comfort — but our very biology. While debates continue, one message is clear: extreme heat is more than a temporary discomfort; it could quietly accelerate the clock within us. 1．What did the researchers find about extreme heat? A．It affects people aged 56 and older. B．It speeds up biological ageing in seniors. C．It reduces the risk of age-related diseases. D．It has no long-term impact on human cells. 2．How did Choi’s team conduct their research on heat and ageing? A．By analyzing DNA changes in blood. B．By measuring body temperatures daily. C．By comparing aging rates across countries. D．By tracking participants’ medical histories. 3．What can be inferred about the limitations of the study according to Argentieri? A．The study over-relied on epigenetic clocks. B．The data on air temperature was inaccurate. C．The sample was insufficient for conclusions. D．The researchers overlooked environmental factors. 4．Based on the research findings, which practical solution would be recommended? A．Funding research on anti-ageing drugs. B．Providing heat relief for those in need. C．Identifying green spaces in urban areas. D．Adapting DNA to enhance heat tolerance. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现极端高温似加速老年人生物衰老，虽存争议与局限，但凸显应对高温对健康影响的紧迫性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Extreme heat seems to quicken biological ageing in older people, suggesting that it could raise the risk of age-related diseases.(极端高温似乎会加速老年人的生物衰老，这表明它可能会增加患与年龄相关疾病的风险。)”可知，研究人员发现极端高温会加速老年人的生物衰老。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Choi and her colleagues analyzed genetic data from blood samples of 3,600 Americans aged 56 and older. They estimated each participant’s biological age using three so-called epigenetic (表观遗传的) clocks, which involves looking at patterns of chemical tags (标签) on DNA.(Choi和她的同事分析了3600名56岁及以上美国人的血液样本中的遗传数据。他们使用三种所谓的表观遗传时钟来估计每个参与者的生物年龄，这涉及到观察DNA上的化学标签模式。)”可知，Choi的团队通过分析血液中的DNA变化来进行研究。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, experts like Austin Argentieri at Harvard warn that epigenetic clocks alone cannot fully predict the ageing process or people’s risk of diseases.(然而，像哈佛大学的奥斯汀・阿真蒂耶里这样的专家警告说，仅表观遗传时钟不能完全预测衰老过程或人们患病的风险。)”可知，阿真蒂耶里认为这项研究过度依赖表观遗传时钟。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Identifying disadvantaged populations might also promote policies like government-funded cooling systems or tailored heat warnings.(确定弱势群体也可能会推动像政府资助的降温系统或量身定制的高温预警这样的政策。)”可知，根据研究结论，会推荐为有需要的人提供散热措施。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·浙江衢州·期中）With climate change threatening traditional agriculture and nearly 700 million people facing hunger worldwide, scientists are developing innovative solutions. One promising technology — Electro-agriculture — enables plants to grow without sunlight by using electricity to transform carbon dioxide and water into nutrients. The process, developed by Professor Feng Jiao’s team, involves two key steps: first transforming CO₂ into CO, then turning it into acetate (醋酸盐) — a substance plants can use for growth. This breakthrough allows crops to develop independently of photosynthesis (光合作用) . Electro-agriculture systems are designed as multi-story buildings. Solar panels on the roof generate electricity for the nutrient production process, while plants grow on lower floors. Early experiments have successfully grown mushrooms and algae, with current trials focusing on vegetables like lettuce and tomatoes. One promising application is its potential to ease food insecurity, particularly in regions where traditional agriculture fails. “We hope the technology can be employed in locations where traditional agriculture is very difficult,” Jiao says. “Particularly concerning is climate change —places that used to be good land for growing things may not be possible in the future, so this may become a way to stabilize the food supply to the world.” But some experts are skeptical of Electro-agriculture’s ability to be a large-scale solution to food insecurity. According to Harold van Es, an expert on soil and water management at Cornell University, the effectiveness of this technology is “up in the air.” “Does it actually solve a problem, or is it just a novel way of growing plants?” he asks. “It’s not going to solve the global food shortage issues because it’s too complex and probably too inefficient from a financial perspective. “In fact, the technology requires enormous amounts of energy: feeding the entire U.S. population using Electro-agriculture would require five times the current electricity consumption of the entire U.S.. What’s more, many crops also require genetic adjustments to effectively use acetate. Additionally, public acceptance of food grown this way remains uncertain. Despite the challenges, researchers remain optimistic about the future of Electro-agriculture. As Jiao and his team continue to improve the technology, they are hopeful that within the next two years, they will achieve “significant development in the field”. 1．What is one major advantage of Electro-agriculture mentioned in the text? A．It replaces traditional farming with lower costs. B．It removes the need for carbon dioxide in plant growth. C．It sustains crop growth without relying on photosynthesis. D．It produces higher yields than existing agricultural method. 2．Which challenge is NOT mentioned for Electro-agriculture? A．The crops need genetic adjustment. B．The crops could become less nutritious. C．The public may resist this growing method. D．The system requires substantial power demand. 3．What does the underlined phrase “up in the air” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Already proven. B．Potentially promising. C．Widely accepted. D．Still undecided. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Can Electric Farming Feed the Future? B．How Can Solar Panels Solve World Hunger? C．The End of Traditional Farming: A New Era Begins. D．From Sunlight to Electricity: An Agriculture Revolution. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了电农业这一新兴技术，它通过电力将二氧化碳和水转化为植物生长所需的养分，使植物生长不再依赖光合作用，有望缓解全球粮食不安全问题，但同时也面临着一些挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This breakthrough allows crops to develop independently of photosynthesis.(这一突破使作物能够不依赖光合作用而生长。)”可知，电农业的一个主要优势是它使作物生长不依赖光合作用。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, many crops also require genetic adjustments to effectively use acetate. Additionally, public acceptance of food grown this way remains uncertain. In fact, the technology requires enormous amounts of energy: feeding the entire U.S. population using Electro-agriculture would require five times the current electricity consumption of the entire U.S.(更重要的是，许多农作物还需要进行基因调整，才能有效地利用醋酸盐。此外，公众对这种种植方式生产的食品的接受程度仍不确定。事实上，这项技术需要大量的能源：用电农业养活整个美国人口将需要目前美国全国用电量的五倍。)”可知，文中提到电农业面临的挑战包括农作物需要基因调整、公众可能会抵制这种种植方法、该系统需要大量的电力需求，但未提到农作物可能会变得不那么有营养。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“some experts are skeptical of Electro-agriculture’s ability to be a large-scale solution to food insecurity(一些专家对电农业在大规模解决粮食安全问题方面的能力表示怀疑。)”以及下文“Does it actually solve a problem, or is it just a novel way of growing plants?(它真的能解决问题吗，还是仅仅是一种新颖的植物种植方式呢？)”可知，专家对电农业作为解决粮食不安全问题的大规模解决方案持怀疑态度，不确定它是否真的能解决问题。由此可知，up in the air意思是“悬而未决的，不确定的”，D选项“Still undecided”（仍然未决定的）符合文意。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With climate change threatening traditional agriculture and nearly 700 million people facing hunger worldwide, scientists are developing innovative solutions. One promising technology — Electro-agriculture — enables plants to grow without sunlight by using electricity to transform carbon dioxide and water into nutrients.(随着气候变化威胁到传统农业，全球近7亿人面临饥饿，科学家们正在开发创新的解决方案。一项有前途的技术——电农业——利用电力将二氧化碳和水转化为养分，使植物能够在没有阳光的情况下生长。)”和第四段“some experts are skeptical of Electro-agriculture’s ability to be a large-scale solution to food insecurity(一些专家对电农业在大规模解决粮食安全问题方面的能力表示怀疑。)”以及“Does it actually solve a problem, or is it just a novel way of growing plants?(它真的能解决问题吗，还是仅仅是一种新颖的植物种植方式呢？)”可知，文章主要讨论了电农业这一新兴技术，它有望缓解全球粮食不安全问题，但同时也面临着一些挑战，选项A“电力农业能养活未来吗？”作为标题最合适。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期中）“Digital switching” is a term refers to the modern habit of swiping (刷) through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it. Kay Y. Y. Tam, a psychology researcher, launched the study after noticing herself — and pretty much everyone else — swiping through online videos. This behavior was connected with the “Boredom Feedback Model”, a theory she had published in 2021. Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning. “As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said. In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the option to skip to the next. On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in another similar experiment. “I’m convinced that switching, when it comes to videos, is not a good idea if the goal is to have an enjoyable experience,” said Erin Westgate, a professor of psychology. “Sitting and toughing it out is likely a better choice.” The new findings add to a growing body of evidence that boredom is on the rise, despite a world filled with content we can access at all times. People who are bored often turn to their phones, only to feel more bored. Swiping on social media has also been linked to increased feelings of boredom. Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation. 1．What is the cause of attention shifts according to Tam’s theory? A．The unsatisfied desire. B．The feeling of boredom. C．The degree of engagement. D．The lack of emotion. 2．What does Tam’s study of “digital switching” focus on? A．Its reason. B．Its consequence. C．The solution to it. D．The theory behind it. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To solve a problem. B．To make a suggestion. C．To raise a question. D．To give a warning. 4．What does the comparison between “digital switching” and an animal jumping from tree to tree imply? A．Digital switching can lead to a waste of time and effort. B．Animals are more efficient than humans in searching for resources. C．Boredom is a natural response to unproductive activities. D．Quick escapes can prevent us from achieving meaningful engagement. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字切换”这一行为，包括其与注意力转移、无聊感的关系，以及过度依赖 “数字切换” 可能带来的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning.(她提出，无聊源于注意力转移。当人们实际的投入程度与他们想要的投入程度之间存在差距时，这些转移经常会发生。当一种情况缺乏新奇感或意义时，这种不愉快的情绪就会产生。)”可知，当人们实际投入程度与想要的投入程度有差距时，注意力就会转移，由此可知，注意力转移的原因是人们未满足的欲望。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said.( ‘由于数字切换涉及频繁的注意力转移，我想知道这种行为可能如何影响我们的无聊感，’塔姆说。)”以及第四段中的“On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in another similar experiment.(平均来说，他们跳过了八次——但当他们观看单个视频时，他们表示感到更无聊，投入度更低。参与者在另一个类似的实验中也有类似的经历。)”可知，塔姆对“数字切换”的研究重点是这种行为的后果，即人们在进行“数字切换”后感到更无聊和投入度更低。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation.(无聊可以激励人们探索他们的环境，并停止在几乎没有回报的活动上投入时间。然而，如果我们过度依赖快速逃避，就像一只动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树寻找食物，却没有停留足够的时间去看一棵树是否结果。那只动物有饿死的风险。)”可知，最后一段通过把过度依赖快速逃避（“数字切换”）比喻成动物在林间跳跃寻找食物最终可能导致饿死，来警示读者这种行为可能导致的不好的结果；由此可知，最后一段的主要目的是发出警告，故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation.(然而，如果我们过度依赖快速逃避，就像一只动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树寻找食物，却没有停留足够的时间去看一棵树是否结果。那只动物有饿死的风险。)”可知，将“数字切换”与动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树作比较，意味着快速逃避（“数字切换”）会阻止我们实现有意义的投入，就像动物没有在一棵树上停留足够时间，无法收获果实一样。故选D项。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·浙江温州·期中）Carbon monoxide (CO) is best-known as a poison. Each year around 30,000 people worldwide die from exposure to the gas, which can be produced by cooking stoves or indoor fires. But could it also have something to offer the hard-pressed athletes looking for an edge? The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), which governs professional cycling, worries that it might. At a meeting on January 31st,2025, the UCI recommended that its bosses ban the use of carbon monoxide by riders on medical grounds. The U$