课时精练(14) Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版）

课时精练(十四)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式。 1．She faced the charge (指控) with a clear conscience. 2．Today，she is well known for her music favored (较喜欢) by people from all over the world. 3．Surrounded (围绕)by crowds of journalists，the singer left the hotel. 4．Supplies have gotten tight as indicated (表明) by the falling exports from countries like Vietnam. 5．We made efforts to prevent and deal with workplace accidents (事故). 6．She’s clearly very intelligent (聪明)，but her lectures are difficult to follow. 7．The wind farm may be able to produce enough electricity (电) for 2，000 homes. 8．In theory (理论)，the journey should take three hours，but in practice it usually takes four because of roadworks. 9．A cloud no bigger than a man’s hand has rapidly developed，like the thunderstorm earlier today. 10．As the hot metal passed between the huge rollers it was pressed into thin sheets. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．The skill of papermaking，recognized (recognize) as a national treasure，has also proven to be an international one. 2．Buried (bury) deep down in the earth for thousands of years，the dead forest rotted away and became coal. 3．From the school name marked (mark) on the package，we guessed that it might belong to a student of our school. 4．A study conducted (conduct) in Youngstown，Ohio，for example，discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. 5．Although beaten (beat) by the opposite team，we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other. 6．Generally speaking，when taken (take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effect. 7．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop)after great effort. 8．The trees blown (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road. 维度三　语法与写作 (一)用括号内的提示词完成下面句子。 1．我的一个朋友擅长外语，并且德语讲得很好。(talented；spoken) One of my friends is talented in foreign languages and has a good command of spoken German． 2．跟其他人比较起来，他德语讲的更流利。(when compared) He speaks German more fluently when compared with others． 3．他认为学一门新的语言可以让别人更好的理解自己。(make oneself understood) He thank that Learning a new language can make himself fully understood． 4．从这个意义上来说掌握一门新的外语是值得的。 A new foreign language mastered in this sense，is really worthwhile. (二)运用衔接词或分词短语把上面的句子合并成一篇40词左右的微型作文。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] One of my friends talented in foreign languages has a good command of spoken German. He speaks German more fluently when compared with others. He thinks that learning a new language can make himself fully understood so a new foreign language mastered in this sense，is really worthwhile. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When Jane Goodall was 6，during World War Ⅱ， she was often woken by alarms (警报). The sound warned that enemy planes were flying over her town. Her little sister would run to the bomb shelter. But Goodall refused to move，“I did not want to leave my bed，” she said. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes from my bed. ” That same stubbornness (固执) led her to become the world’s best-known biologist. In 1960，she stayed for months in the forests of Tanzania in Africa，waiting for chimpanzees (黑猩猩) to accept her. When they did，Goodall was able to observe them up close and discover that they could use tools. In 1962，university professors criticized (指责) Goodall for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. “I was not against them，” she says. “I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right.” She believes that chimps are smart social animals，which is now widely accepted. In 1986，Goodall went to a meeting on habitat loss that changed her ideas about nature. She not only just did research，but also began a schedule of travel and charity work. After 35 years，she’s still on the job. Goodall shares her life story to get people aware of environmental protection. Before the COVID-19，Goodall traveled 300 days a year. She spoke at school gatherings and talk shows. Since March 2020，Goodall has suspended her travels. However，she has taken hotels and lecture halls as her bedroom for the past year and a half. Her determination to spread her message keeps her there for hours each day. Goodall does，on average，three virtual lectures or interviews between breakfast and bedtime. Her stories leave audiences feeling hopeful about our planet. 语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Goodall如何与大猩猩相处，如何研究大猩猩，并且展开旅行宣讲，提升人们保护环境的意识。 1．What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1？ A．Goodall’s beautiful childhood was ruined. B．Goodall’s family were not pleased with her. C．Goodall lived a poor life when she was little. D．Goodall has been determined since her childhood. D　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句“That same stubbornness (固执) led her to become the world’s best-known biologist.”可知，本句话承上启下，总结第一段内容，故在第一段作者想要表达Goodall从小就是一个有决心的人，故选D。] 2．What did Goodall do to get along with chimpanzees？ A．She trained them to become smart. B．She taught them to use tools. C．She treated them almost as humans. D．She observed them in the distance. C　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 1960，she stayed for months... to accept her.”以及“In 1962，university professors criticized (指责) ... describe chimps.”可知，为了和黑猩猩相处，Goodall几乎像对待人类一样对待它们，故选C。] 3．Why did Goodall start her travel and charity work？ A．To make people protect the environment. B．To have a meeting on habitat loss. C．To further her research about nature. D．To share her life stories in Tanzania. A　[细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She not only just did research... to get people aware of environmental protection.”可知，Goodall开始旅游、做慈善是为了让人们保护环境，故选A。] 4．What does the underlined word “suspended” in the last paragraph mean？ A．Remembered. B．Planned. C．Increased. D．Stopped. D　[词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Before the COVID-19，Goodall traveled... Goodall has suspended her travels.”可知，因为疫情于2020年1月初大面积爆发，因此不得不停止她的旅行，继而转向宾馆，通过视频方式宣讲，故此处suspended意为“停止”，故选D。] B On October 23，2018，scientists came across a white octopus (章鱼) with “wings” that looked more like a ghost (幽灵) from outer space than the eight-legged ones we usually see. The octopus’ scientific name is Grimpoteuthis. However，thanks to the two ear-like fins (鳍)on the sides of its body，it is better known as a dumbo octopus，after Disney’s animated (把……制作成动画片)elephant. The sea creature also has eight legs connected to its body by a web of skin，which are used to increase the pace when it is faced with natural enemies like sharks. Dumbo octopuses can also move across the seafloor using their tentacles (触须). While the one caught on tape is mostly white，dumbo octopuses，like other octopuses，can change their skin color in different environments. They，however，do not produce ink which is often used as a weapon by other octopuses. Instead，some dumbo octopuses have developed something sharp on their tentacles. There are more than a dozen known species of dumbo octopuses. While most are small，measuring between 8 and 12 inches long，some can reach over 6 feet in length. Though octopuses have huge eyes，they can hardly see. However，although dumbo octopuses live in the deepest and darkest parts of the ocean，where nothing can be seen，the lack of sight does not affect them. Instead，they have learned to use the suckers (吸盘)on their tentacles to feel their surroundings. The deep-sea environment makes these octopuses difficult to spot，which is why any sighting of the unusual creatures is met with such joy. The latest one，caught on camera by Hercules，an unmanned robot，was discovered two miles underwater around the Davidson Seamount，a volcano in California. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“小飞象章鱼”的外观、生活习性等。 5．What can we learn about the white octopus from the passage？ A．It looks strange. B．It has no legs. C．It can fly out of water. D．It is common in the sea. A　[细节理解题。根据第一段“... a white octopus with ‘ wings’ that looked more like a ghost (幽灵) from outer space than the eight-legged ones we usually see.”可知，科学家发现的白色章鱼长相奇怪。故选A。] 6．Which of the following are dumbo octopuses good at？ A．Taking on different colors. B．Attacking enemies using ink. C．Seeing things in the darkness with big eyes. D．Protecting themselves with wings. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“... can change their skin color in different environments.”可知，“小飞象章鱼”擅长呈现不同的颜色。故选A。] 7．What is the major function of the suckers on dumbo octopuses’ tentacles？ A．To keep their balance. B．To speed up their pace. C．To sense their surroundings. D．To take in necessary food. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“... use the suckers (吸盘) on their tentacles to feel their surroundings.”可知，“小飞象章鱼”触须上的吸盘主要用于感知周围的环境。故选C。] 8．What can be a suitable title for the text？ A．The Octopuses Studied by Scientists B．The Dumbo Octopus Found Around a Seamount in California C．The Elephant-like Dumbo Octopuses Spotted by Robots D．A New Species Noticed Around the Davidson Seamount B　[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了科学家在加利福尼亚的一座海底山附近发现的罕见的“小飞象章鱼”。选项B最能概括全文主旨。] C After years of observing human nature，I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance：curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together，these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition (抱负). Galileo was not only ambitious when he dropped objects of different weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo，all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent，“Why？ Why？ Why？ ” Fortunately，curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only catch them again. “The great man，”said Mencius (孟子)，“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people，and new ideas，with hesitation. But once having met and liked them，we think how terrible it would have been，had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start？ Modestly，so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts，writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability？ Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time？ That’s good，because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe，mother of six，wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old？ Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel，and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start，remember there is no better time to start than right now，for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了有伟大成就的人和平庸的人的区别在于两种品质——好奇心和不满足，二者缺一不可。 9．In writing Paragraph 1，the author aims to ________． A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument D　[写作意图题。本文是一篇议论文，作者开篇阐述了自己对成功人士必备品质的看法，下面各段都是围绕着这一看法展开的，故选D项。] 10．What does the example of Galileo tell us？ A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C．Creativity results from challenging authority. D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. D　[推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，作者认为，好奇心和不满足是取得成就的内驱力，比雄心抱负重要得多，然后给出伽利略的例子来论证这一观点。D项“伟大来自对探索的持久渴望”与这一观点一致，故选D项。] 11．What can you do to catch again curiosity and discontent？ A．Observe the unknown around you. B．Develop a questioning mind. C．Lead a life of adventure. D．Follow the fashion. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘The great man，’ said Mencius... We just follow the crowd.”可知，作者认为我们大部分人都失去了童心，不再问问题，不再挑战习俗，只是随大流。由此可知，可以通过培养善于问问题的头脑来重新获得好奇心和不满足的品质。] 12．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7？ A．Gaining success helps you become an expert. B．The genius tends to get things done creatively. C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection. C　[细节理解题。浏览第六、七段可知，作者通过一系列实例告诉我们，缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Robots have been taking our jobs since the 1960s. However，humans haven’t become completely redundant (多余的) because these robots may be very efficient but they’re also kind of stupid. They do not think. They just act in very accurate but very limited ways.　1　. They do the jobs the machines can’t do and fix them when they get stuck. 　2　. This change will be so significant that it will create a new industrial revolution. The era (时代) of “Industry 4.0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the abilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers，high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smart robots with better sensing and communication abilities.　3　． 　4　. Today’s industrial artificial intelligence operates at a narrow level，which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines，but designed by humans. 　5　. Similar to big data analysis，it processes large quantities of data in real time to make decisions about what is the best action to take. The difference is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision-making. A perfect example of deep learning was presented by Google’s Alpha-Go software，which taught itself to beat the world’s greatest Go (围棋) players. A．Humans are still needed to work around robots B．But there is still some way to go C．While these machines are getting smarter，they are still not as smart as us D．What’s coming next is known as “deep learning” E．It comes down to the question of what a robot really is F．But this is all set to change，thanks to a new wave of smarter machines that can adapt to multiple tasks G．They can adapt to different tasks，and even organize their work to meet demands without the input of humans 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能虽然取得了一定的发展，但终究比不上人类智慧。 1．A　[根据上文“However，humans haven’t become... They do not think.”可知，人类具备人工智能无法取代的思考力；下文“They do the jobs the machines can’t do and fix them when they get stuck.”也说明机器人需要人类，故A项(人类仍然需要在机器人周围工作)符合语境。故选A项。] 2．F　[根据下文“This change will be so significant that it will create a new industrial revolution.”中的This change表明此处应该会提到一种改变，选项中的change与下文的This change一致，故F项(但这一切都将改变，这要归功于新一波能够适应多种任务的智能机器)符合语境。故选F项。] 3．G　[根据上文“This will produce smart robots with better sensing and communication abilities.”可知，此处承接上文，接着讲这种新型智能机器人的先进之处，故G项(它们可以适应不同的任务，甚至可以在没有人参与的情况下组织工作以满足需求)符合语境。故选G项。] 4．C　[根据下文“Today’s industrial artificial... machines，but designed by humans.”可知，机器人无论再怎么智能，也比不过人类智慧，故C项(虽然这些机器越来越智能，但它们仍然没有我们那么智能)符合语境。故选C项。] 5．D　[根据本段内容，特别是下文“A perfect example of deep learning was presented by Google’s Alpha-Go software，which taught itself to beat the world’s greatest Go (围棋) players.”可知，本段主要介绍关于“深度学习”方面的内容，选项中的deep learning与下文中的deep learning一致，故D项(接下来的就是“深度学习”)符合语境。故选D项。] Ⅲ. 语法填空 Why do many of us find 1．________ difficult or impossible to fall asleep in a bed other than our own？ Is it because the bed is uncomfortable？ According to a new study 2．________ (publish) in Current Biology，a significant reason is 3．________ the scientists call “first night effect”. They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers. It forces us 4．________ (stay) awake on the first night in a new environment. For the study，35 young volunteers 5．________ (ask) to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. Meanwhile，researchers watched their brain activities. According to the researchers，on their first night，the left brains were 6．________ (active) than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. However，left-brain activity decreased as days went by，7．________ (fall) even to the point of complete calm. In this process，the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience. The 8．________ (finding) suggest that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work 9．________ (different)，the balance 10．________ them is broken. Thus，the brain can’t relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings，just as it is in the daytime. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现：许多人除了在自己的床上之外无法入睡的重要原因是科学家们所说的“第一晚效应”。文章介绍了这项研究的过程和结果。 1．解析：　it　考查代词。本句使用了句型“find it ＋形容词＋动词不定式短语”，动词不定式短语是真正的宾语，故填it。 2．解析：　published　考查非谓语动词。本空修饰名词study，且动词publish和名词study之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填published。 3．解析：　what　考查名词性从句。本空引导表语从句， 从句中缺少宾语，指事物，应用what，故填what。 4．解析：　to stay　考查非谓语动词。force sb. to do sth.意为“强迫某人做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to stay。 5．解析：　were asked　考查动词的时态和语态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知实验发生在过去，应用一般过去时，ask与主语构成被动关系，且主语为复数，故填were asked。 6．解析：　more active　考查形容词的比较级。根据下文than可知此处应用形容词比较级，故填more active。 7．解析：　falling　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空应用动词-ing形式作结果状语，表示“自然而然的结果”，故填falling。 8．解析：　findings　考查名词的单复数。根据谓语动词suggest可知，本空应用名词复数形式作主语，故填findings。 9．解析：　differently　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词work，应用副词形式，故填differently。 10．解析：　between　考查介词。表示两者之间，应用介词between，故填between。 学生用书第106页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $