专题03 七选五（期中真题汇编，浙江专用）高一英语下学期

专题03 七选五 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江绍兴·期中）How similar are language and music? Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives, whether it is played on the radio on your drive to work or played in a concert. Both language and music play a huge role in our culture. 1 ●Both have a writing system. In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. 2 . By writing pieces of music, we are able to share experiences and emotions through time. We can also hear the composition of musicians who lived hundreds of years ago, which is really quite exciting. ● 3 You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language they use. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation. ●Both share emotion. 4 Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 5 I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics. A．Both vary with culture. B．Both have their own different features. C．Here are some of their similarities. D．How do you know that I am angry? E．We use language to express our thoughts. F．Similarly, we use notes to keep a record of music. G．In contrast, you probably also listen to music when you are feeling down. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江温州·期中）How to Beat the Winter Blues If colder weather and shorter days cause you to feel the winter blues, you’re not alone. 1 The good news? There are things you can do to beat the winter blues. Do some physical activity. Physical activity has been shown to decrease the symptoms (症状) of sadness and reduce stress. Start slowly and build up to 30 to 60 minutes a day, five days a week, of various fitness-related activities. 2 Maybe you can break the time up into chunks (块) instead of focusing on one longer exercise. For example, if your goal is to walk 30 minutes a day, divide the time into three mini-tasks of 10 minutes each. Call on your support system. Loneliness will make the effects of the winter blues worse. That’s why your friends, family and co-workers should be on speed dial. “It is human contact that is important to our mental health.” Gaveras, a chief psychiatrist says. And when you are dealing with the winter blues, finding a way to spend time with supportive people is key to improving your mood. 3 4 Getting outside needs to be a top consideration during the winter months. Since winter blues are worsened by a lack of sun exposure, soaking up the sun — even in winter temperatures — is of great importance. Being in the sunlight helps increase melatonin (褪黑素) production and vitamin D levels, which can lead to an improved emotional state. 5 You can spend more time in sunlight there and get some beneficial effects, including decreases in nervousness, confusion and annoyance. A．Enjoy the warm sunlight outside. B．Try eating healthy foods to improve your mood. C．If you fail to get outdoors, move a chair next to an open window. D．Therefore, you can lift your spirits and drive away your winter blues. E．This may include walks outdoors, talks on the phone, or coffee dates. F．It’s not uncommon to experience tiredness, sadness and anxiety in winter. G．However, sometimes you are unwilling to work out when feeling disappointed. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江·期中）The Internet offers endless opportunities for learning, but many students don’t use it wisely. 1 Spending hours watching unplanned videos or clicking unrelated links may seem productive, but true learning requires focus and strategy. Here are some tips worth following in order to make your online learning experience more effective. Set specific goals before going online. Without a clear plan, it’s easy to lose track of time. Ask yourself: “What do I need to achieve today?” For example, instead of broadly searching “English help”, aim for “learn 10 new words in real-life situations using them”. 2 This sharp focus saves time and improves efficiency. Examine sources critically. Not all websites provide trustworthy information. 3 Look for websites ending in .edu or .gov, articles written by experts, or platforms like Coursera. If a source lacks author qualification or presents no references, approach it with care by cross-checking facts. Participate actively with material. Passive surfing hardly leads to deep learning. To be a true learner, you must interact with it actively. 4 Try taking notes in your own words, creating mind maps, or sharing and analyzing the content with a friend. These methods force your brain to process information, making it easier to recall later. 5 Online learning demands self-control. Use techniques like mindfulness practice: start your study period with a few minutes of deep breathing or meditation (冥想) to clear your mind and improve focus. Close unnecessary web pages, completing one task at a time without multitasking. Remember, the Internet is like a library—its value depends on how you use it. With discipline and smart habits, you can unlock its full potential for your education. A．Stay focused. B．Plan your time wisely. C．Take down key points while learning. D．Detailed goals guide your online journey. E．Reliable websites are always supported by clear authority. F．Distractions are everywhere, and it’s easy to fall into aimless wandering online. G．It’s necessary to check your online learning methods and make gradual improvements. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·浙江台州·期中）Being grateful can boost happiness and enhance life satisfaction while decreasing feelings of depression. Gratitude, much like any other skill, requires practice to unlock its full potential. 1 Reflect on the gifts of hardship. There is no question that life can be challenging, as things don’t always turn out the way we’d hoped. 2 It may seem difficult to reflect on challenging times and find a reason to be grateful, but in making our pain purposeful, we can find meaning in the experience. Express gratitude to others in writing. 3 Send each of them a quick but considerate correspondence in the form of a handwritten note, email or even a thoughtfully composed text. Remind them of why they are special to you and how worthwhile they are in the world. As a result of your effort, those on the receiving end will experience the mood-boosting benefits of being appreciated. They won’t be the only beneficiaries. Writing letters of gratitude has a positive effect on the author, increasing feelings of happiness while decreasing depression, studies have shown. 4 An important aspect of practicing gratitude regularly is becoming aware of opportunities throughout your day to express gratitude. Acknowledge at least two times a day that someone spreads a small act of kindness toward you. These acts could be a delivery person bringing a package to your door, a coworker offering assistance at work or your significant other getting you a coffee. 5 When you finish the challenges, hopefully you’ll be inspired by the mood-boosting benefits and continue actively practicing gratitude on a daily basis. A．Notice and appreciate the small stuff. B．Catch the chances of acting kindness. C．Think of three people in your life that you truly appreciate. D．All of us experience difficulties at different points in our lives. E．The benefits of thankfulness extend to both the giver and receiver F．Once recognizing their efforts, you can consistently show your appreciation better. G．To start improving your gratitude skill, try the following gratitude challenges. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·浙江台州·期中）Make Time to Write Since a new year has started, time lies before us like a blank page, waiting to be filled with writing. We are all busy people, and we sometimes feel that life is working against our writing ambitions and pushing them aside. Yet the most productive writers are the busiest. 1 Overcoming self-doubt and fear is the key to unlocking your potential. 2 Most of the time, the real reason why we avoid writing is that we’ re afraid of failing. It’s simpler to complain about being too busy than to face our fears. To solve this problem, we can try to understand what we’ re scarred of, deal with it, and then focus on moving forward. A simple way to find more time to write is to give yourself a clear goal. It needs to be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound. 3 If you successfully meet your target, you could give yourself a small reward: buy a new notebook or pen, go for a long walk, or take a day off from writing and just do something completely different. 4 As Henry Ford once said, “If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always got”! This could mean writing with a notebook and pen rather than the computer you also use for work. Try varying your approach and see if it helps. Above all, you should prioritize (优先对待) writing over other things. Most successful writers have caring responsibilities, jobs outside the home, and the necessary everyday tasks they all need to complete. Yet they still manage to write. 5 So, if you want to make 2025 the year when you get your writing project done, look at how you use your time with a fresh eye. A．Sometimes, changing the writing tool can bring unexpected inspiration. B．In addition, writing in a different environment might also be beneficial. C．For example, writing 1,500 words in a week might be realistic. D．Do something different if your current approach isn’t working. E．What they have in common is that they treat writing as important. F．But how can we break through these difficulties and really start writing? G．We all have a voice in our head that keeps telling us we can’t succeed. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·浙江嘉兴·期中）The Power of Releasing Worry We all worry. It’s a common feeling. We know worry does little good. It doesn’t solve problems but causes discomfort. Yet, it seems to stick to us. 1 Here are some ideas to help you worry less. Firstly, worry wastes our imagination. When we worry, we often think of bad things that might never happen. It’s not like problem-solving. Problem-solving is calm and logical. Worry is just nervousness. For example, if you worry about a test, you might imagine failing. But that doesn’t help. Instead, you should focus on preparing, which is practical. 2 Moreover, worry harms our performance. It takes our attention away from the present. When you worry, you can’t think clearly. Imagine you're playing a sport. 3 But if you stay calm and focus, you’ll do much better. Worry is like a dark cloud over our heads, making everything seem worse. Worry can stop you from reaching your goals and enjoying life. 4 When you feel worried, take slow, deep breaths. It helps you relax and think clearly. Also, take small actions. Even a little progress can reduce worry. For instance, if you worry about a project, start by making a simple plan. That gives you control and relaxes your mind. The key is to direct your attention to positive actions. In short, worry can be a lot of trouble. 5 By understanding its harm and learning to let go, we can live happier and more successful lives. A．Lastly, the solution to worry is to stay present. B．It’s important to see the difference between worrying and problem-solving. C．If you worry about losing, you won’t play well. D．Many people find that worry becomes a habit that's hard to break. E．However, there are several ways to reduce worry and improve your life. F．Taking steps to manage worry can lead to significant improvements in your daily life. G．The serious effect of worry on our physical and mental health must be fully understood. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·浙江丽水·期中）4 Things Parents Should Always Keep in Mind During a Heat Wave A heat wave sweeps across the country this week. 1 . Tony Woodward, medical director of emergency medicine at Seattle Children’s, provides the following advice for parents and caregivers about how to beat the heat as well as keep their kids safe this summer. Keep kids out of hot cars. Leaving a child alone in a car can result in deadly consequences, even on just a warm day. “It doesn’t take very long: 2 ,” says Woodward. “When you combine this with the fact that the temperature in your car can rise nearly 20 degrees in just 10 minutes, dangerous heatstroke can develop quickly.” 3 . While the local lake or pool may provide a good place from the heat, parents and caregivers should be mindful of the dangers water presents. “Drowning is the second-leading cause of injury-related death for children aged 1-14,” says Woodward. So children should swim only when lifeguards are on duty. Prevent window falls. The summer weather has parents and caregivers opening windows and doors to try to get some circulation (循环) and relief from the heat. Woodward warns that open windows can be a big danger to young children. Thus make it a rule to play at least 2 feet away from windows. 4 . Protect your child from too much sun. 5 , though they do come with their risks. Woodward recommends parents to safeguard their children from the ill effects of exposure to too much sun. For example, when it is 90 degrees or above,children should not play outside or exercise for more than 30 minutes at a time. A．Enjoy the water safely B．Avoid water in hot surroundings C．If the weather is not friendly to the children D．Thus many families have health concerns in mind E．A child’s body heats up much faster than an adult’s F．Summer months are also for families to go outdoors G．And make sure other caregivers know about it as well 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江杭州·期中）A robot is chatting to an elderly British man in his bedroom. 1 . Perhaps because of the man’s age, the robot starts asking him about his memories of the Second World War. The elderly man goes on to tell how his father was in the army, and he hasn’t seen him for years. 2 . The behavior is the product of the Caresses project which aims to design robots that can take into account the cultural background of the person they’re talking to. The man is British, so the robot thinks he will be interested in such a topic, regardless of the man’s personal feelings. Cultural robotics is part of a wider movement to make robotics more culturally inclusive. 3 For example, because the Internet is mainly in English, large language models are primarily trained on English text — with the cultural biases (偏见) existing. Similarly, the move to make robots more culturally sensitive means well, but people are worried about where it could lead, considering the diverse cultural preferences across different social groups. Humans from different cultures react differently to robots. For example, different cultures have different expectations around personal space, and this affects how far they prefer robots to stand from them. 4 People are more able to understand a robot if it uses the facial expressions they are familiar with. Culture is a complex concept, open to various explanations. 5 . To avoid designing robots based on stereotypes (刻板印象), we will need to be more thoughtful. A．It has a pleasantly bright voice. B．Does this topic really hold a person’s interest C．However, concerns about this have been raised. D．This practice is widely recognized across cultures. E．Therefore, a one-size-fits-all approach is impractical. F．Why does a robot mention a topic that may cause pain? G．Different cultures interpret facial expressions differently too. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江·期中）Apps and Your Privacy In today’s digital age, protecting your privacy while using apps is important. All apps collect data as you use them. Here are some good tips to keep your personal information safe. 1 For starters, download apps only from the App Store, not from random websites. 2 Before you accept an app’s terms and conditions, look at what information it’s planning to collect and think twice if it’s asking for too many permissions. For example, why would a gaming app need access to text messages? You may think it’s inconvenient, but it’s worth it. Also, most apps don’t need to know your location, but for those that do, you can choose to enable location services only when using the particular app, another smart privacy safeguard. 3 Don’t use your main e-mail address or social media account. This way, if there is a security breach (缺口), your exposure is contained to things connected to that address. And, of course, use a secure password. This means a long one (at least ten characters) with a mixture of letters, numbers, and special characters—and a unique password for each app. According to security experts, a good trick is to create a memorable “passphrase” by creating a series of random (任意的) words, and then replace numbers or special characters for some of the letters 4 Go ahead and write them down—just store it in a secure location (not your wallet or phone case!). Finally, remember that privacy is an ongoing concern. Regularly review the apps you have installed and the permissions you’ve granted them. Stay informed about the latest privacy threats and solutions. 5 By taking these simple steps, you can enjoy the benefits of apps while protecting your personal data. A．It’s better to be safe than sorry. B．How will you ever remember them all? C．Why is it so important to protect our privacy? D．Moreover, create strong, unique passwords for each app. E．Because it can prevent bad software from infecting your device. F．Following these four steps will help ensure you’re not oversharing. G．Sign up an e-mail address just for things like app permissions and e-mail newsletters. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·浙江丽水·期中）Over recent years, AI has become accessible to everyone, significantly making our lives easier compared to before. However, there are risks as well as benefits. 1 Be critical (批判性). AI can do amazing things, like create images or write stories, but it does not reflect on what it is writing. It will put text together in a way that makes sense but often cannot read “between the lines”. 2 You can use this as an opportunity to develop critical thinking skills. Watch out for chatbots. Chatbots are designed to simulate (模拟) conversations as if they were another human being. But there may not be any human checks on improper content. Don’t forget that the “person”you’re speaking to is actually a machine, not a human. 3 It only shows language based on pre-written models and rules. 4 With all the focus on AI text, you might not notice that pictures and videos are also part of the AI. Your photos and facial image become available to AI when uploaded, which makes it harder to protect your identity. So be careful about your privacy and always remember that any data you upload to the internet can be stored, scanned and processed by AI. However, the developments in this field are highly exciting. And with open policy conversations and some oversight, AI can be a powerful learning and engagement tool. - 5 A．Understand AI’s limitations. B．Pay attention to visual uploads. C．It does not share your ideals, beliefs, culture or religion. D．If left unaccompanied, chatbots could feed into your curiosity. E．Here are three things you can keep in mind as you use AI in everyday life. F．This means every word, sentence that AI creates should be treated carefully. G．The potential benefits that could arise from using this technology are endless. Passage 4 （23-24高一下·浙江杭州·期中）Though it’s been around for roughly 5,000 years, yoga is more popular today than ever. The fact that you can practice it just about anywhere is a big reason why. 1 That’s nearly 15 million more than the number of people who golf. Westerners adopted yoga as a form of exercise, but at its roots, yoga is a way of life. As recorded in the Yoga Sutras, yoga is based on the idea that the mind, body and spirit are all one. The breath is said to carry a person’s life force. 2 In addition to reducing stress, yoga can improve posture and balance, strengthen bones and muscles,and keep your joints healthy. 3   For instance, downward-facing dog can relieve back pain, while plank pose is good for building a strong core (核心). For a quick break, the best choice is child pose. 4 You start out on your hands and knees and sit back, bringing your belly to the floor, with arms outstretched. 5 . Globally, the industry is expected to produce $66 billion by 2027. More than 45,000 yoga studios dot the country. Despite the fact that all you really need is a mat, the average American yogi spends an estimated $62,640 over a lifetime on yoga classes and accessories. A．Today, yoga is big business. B．Different poses offer different benefits. C．You have access to yoga whenever you like. D．About 55 million Americans regularly hit the mat. E．It is a gentle stretch that helps you rest and refocus. F．Close your eyes, relax your body and take a deep breath. G．Also, many experts believe that controlling the breath refreshes the body. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·浙江金华·期中）People disagree about meaningful and small matters on a daily basis. Sometimes you know if you speak your mind you will upset someone. However, you often must express your opinion even if you know others will disagree. By choosing your words carefully you can avoid a long-term offense(冒犯) . “Ask people about their perspective (观点). Before being honest about how you feel, it’s important to know their perspective. This gives you a chance to show genuine interest and have a conversation. 1 They may even end their explanation with a request to hear your perspective. ·Put yourself in their shoes. One of the simplest ways to avoid hurting feelings is to imagine how they will respond to your statements. 2 Practise imagining how they view their own opinion and yours. Just because their perspective is different doesn’t mean it’s wrong. · 3 Be careful with your honesty. You want to speak the truth in kindness. That means avoiding obvious negative behaviors such as making a face or making fun of their ideas. ·Be polite in your responses. Whenever you try to avoid hurting others it is best to speak with kindness. Simple acts of kindness can make a big difference. They convey respect and show that you value the other person. This situation isn’t all about you speaking your mind. 4 ·Express your perspective as opinion, not fact. This shows you value their perspective, even if you know the facts back you up. If they have an open mind, facts will change their perspective. If they do not have an open mind, facts will feel like personal attacks. 5 Allow them to discover the truth in their own way, not yours. A．They have a right to be incorrect. B．It’s about them feeling valued. C．Control your words and body language. D．If they said that to you, would you be upset? E．Listening to others’ opinion is a very powerful way. F．Use facts and try to avoid letting your emotions run high. G．This may also give you opportunities to speak up and be honest. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江衢州·期中）Starting a new environmental-friendly habit can be very difficult. New “green” products are popping up every day but too hard to learn and use. 1 . The good news is that this isn’t a totally new playing field. Long before bamboo toilet paper were invented, someone else was running their households with very little waste: our grandmothers. Here are their good old wisdom. Stop using “disposables” Disposables (一次性物品) like paper cup weren’t popularised until the mid-1900s. So what was everyone doing before then? Turn to glass cup, save highly effective paper products for your next party trick and head back to the original mess cleaner: cloth towels (毛巾). 2 . There are also a million designs to suit your kitchen. Blow your nose a bit greener We can’t picture our grandmother without at least one handkerchief (手帕) in their purse or pockets. The time of handkerchiefs has gone as paper towel take off, but using a washable handkerchief isn’t just better for the planet, it’s also a must when going through a cold. 3 . 4 We all love fresh flowers in our homes, but buying cut flowers from grocery stores can include the throwing away of imperfect blooms, and a lot of other wasteful behaviours. 5 . If you have space to grow your own garden, it’s easy to cut a few blooms, and if you can, find some wildflowers instead of store-bought ones. A．Turn to “washables”. B．Source your flowers. C．Luckily, our grandmas have better choices. D．Our grandmother only ever washed in cold water. E．The soft cotton cloth will be so much gentler on your nose. F．And then some of them are actually worse for the environment. G．They can absorb more water and be easily hand-washed in cold water. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·浙江·期中）While you may get flowers or a card from the one you love on Valentine’s Day, it can be hard to know how our four-legged friends feel about us. 1 . Here are signs that your dog loves you. Happy greeting It’s great to be welcomed home by our pet and your dog isn’t doing this to show welcome to you; 2 . This is also the case if your dog greets you when they are already wrapped up in another activity, like playing or eating. It is known to all how much they like their treats, so you know you’re well-loved if they choose you over that! 3 When your pet chooses to look at you with soft, relaxed eyes, they trust you and are happy in your company, accepting you as non-threatening. And, it could be argued, that trust is the highest form of love. Hugs (on your pet’s terms) Your dog can choose to curl up wherever they like, so when they hug you, they are actively choosing you. This can range from full body hugs to them leaning into you to ask for some love. However, any hug must always be on your pet’s conditions and personalities. 4 . Tail wagging A wagging tail can display a whole range of emotions from your dog, but you’ll know it’s a sign of love when they treat you to a full body wiggle. Their tail will turn around in circular movements like helicopter propellers (螺旋桨). 5 . Licking you Your dog may lick you for a variety of reasons, but one of them is affection and love. They are ultimately seeking attention from you because they want to interact with you. A．Soft eye contact. B．Cheerful and excited barking. C．Actually, it’s a sign that they are pretty happy to see you. D．In actuality, it’s a sign that they are hungry and eager for some treats. E．Some dogs will find having someone’s arms around them stressful and uncomfortable. F．Our cats and dogs can’t tell us how they feel, so what are the other signs that you share a special connection? G．This type of tail wagging is usually reserved for people that are special to them, and is mostly used when dogs see their owners. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江·期中）As the world struggles to deal with the climate crisis, some companies are working to remove polluting carbon dioxide from the air. 1 But two US companies have recently made important progress. Scientists say large amounts of CO2 must be removed from the CO2 atmosphere and stored. 2 But there’s so much CO2 in the atmosphere that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. And, when plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again. That means humans need to come up with ways of removing carbon from the air and storing it. This is called Direct Air Capture(DAC). The science of removing carbon from the air is challenging, and it’s still pretty new. 3 So one puzzle for these companies is how to remove carbon without creating more pollution. A company called Heirloom has just opened the first DAC plant in the United States. The company heats up the limestone to separate out the CO2, which is concrete. The process is extremely expensive. 4 That’s a tiny amount compared to how much carbon needs to be removed from the atmosphere, but the company says it hopes to remove a billion tons per year by 2035. 5 Some people worry that it will take too long for DAC technology to become powerful enough to make a difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy. But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air. A．Plants and trees do this naturally. B．That’s a huge and challenging goal. C．Not everyone is excited about carbon removal. D．Graphyte is another US company working on DAC． E．The new plant can remove 1,000 tons of CO2 a year. F．Most DAC processes require a large amount of energy. G．As a matter of fact, CO2 is just a small part of the gases that make up air. Passage 4 （23-24高一下·浙江·期中）Summer isn’t summer without the beach. For millions of Americans, hitting the sand is a time to catch waves, enjoy the sunshine, build sand castles, have picnics, spot wildlife and go exploring. 1 . Here are some tips on how to be a better beachgoer, ensuring your favorite strip of sand remains lively. Plastic isn’t fantastic. One of the biggest contributors to beach litter is single-use plastic, such as chip bags, candy wrappers and juice boxes. 2 . Put meals in lunch bags or boxes, and bring drinks in water bottles or thermoses. 3 . It doesn’t matter how much time and effort you spent building a sand castle or digging the giant moat (壕沟) around it. If you are on a beach marked as a sea turtle habitat, fill in the moat and knock down the structure. Otherwise, they can die if they fall into a hole and get trapped. Respect the animals. The beach isn’t a petting zoo. People who love the creatures of the ocean have a desire to gain amazing experiences with them and have a connection to them, but don’t touch them. 4 . Read the signs. Signs posted at the beach aren’t optional reading: they are there to alert you to where you can’t go, what you can’t do, and what you can’t take, so don’t mess with the local ecosystem or its inhabitants. All the actions above may seem like little gestures, but they will serve as an inspiration to fellow beachgoers. 5 . A．Destroy what you build. B．Keep off a turtle habitat. C．Plastic toys break easily, leaving behind chips and pieces. D．Work together, and individuals can really make a big difference. E．Buy food and drinks in bulk and put them in reusable packaging instead. F．However, all that fun places stress on the coastal environment and the animals that inhabit it. G．For example, if you take a starfish out of the water, even for 10 seconds, it could choke and die. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·浙江杭州·期中）The Hedgehog’s Dilemma is a concept that explores the tension between the desire for close relationships and the risk of emotional harm. German philosopher Schopenhauer used the metaphor (比喻) of hedgehogs seeking warmth on a cold winter day: they crowd together for comfort but soon feel the pain of each other’s quills (刺). They separate, only to feel the cold again, eventually finding a suitable distance that allows warmth without pain. 1 So that’s the theory, but what does this look like in our everyday lives? 2 But should we let these experiences block us from letting our guard down in the future? Schopenhauer’s advice would probably be “yes”. 3 For example, a previous study found that individuals with strong social connections have a 50% increased likelihood of survival. Additionally, the National Institute on Aging reports that the health risks of long-term isolation (隔离) are equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. 4 Psychological therapist Hilary Sanders explains that behaviors like isolation or anger can serve as survival strategies during childhood. While these defenses may provide short-term protection, they can block meaningful connections if they persist. In conclusion, the natural longing for connection drives us to seek out meaningful relationships, even when we know that weakness can lead to emotional pain. Unlike hedgehogs, humans don’t have the quills. 5 So when we learn to lower our defenses for safe people, there’s a chance we actually can have it all — the warmth of genuine relationships without the fear of being hurt. A．However, modern research offers a different perspective. B．This metaphor shows the importance of adaptability in nature. C．Most of the defensive reactions originate from early experiences. D．These experiences can make it difficult to trust others in the future. E．Many people share stories of emotional pain from close relationships. F．This reflects humans’ struggle to balance closeness and self-protection. G．We have the capacity to choose whom we trust and how we protect ourselves. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 七选五 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江绍兴·期中）How similar are language and music? Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives, whether it is played on the radio on your drive to work or played in a concert. Both language and music play a huge role in our culture. 1 ●Both have a writing system. In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. 2 . By writing pieces of music, we are able to share experiences and emotions through time. We can also hear the composition of musicians who lived hundreds of years ago, which is really quite exciting. ● 3 You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language they use. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation. ●Both share emotion. 4 Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 5 I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics. A．Both vary with culture. B．Both have their own different features. C．Here are some of their similarities. D．How do you know that I am angry? E．We use language to express our thoughts. F．Similarly, we use notes to keep a record of music. G．In contrast, you probably also listen to music when you are feeling down. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．D 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐和语言的共同点。 1．空前“Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives, whether it is played on the radio on your drive to work or played in a concert. Both language and music play a huge role in our culture.(无论我们生活在世界的哪个角落，语言都是我们日常生活的一部分。同样，音乐是许多人生活的一部分，无论是在上班路上的收音机里播放，还是在音乐会上播放。语言和音乐在我们的文化中都扮演着重要的角色。)”说明语言和音乐都是我们日常生活的一部分，都很重要，由空后小标题可知，下文讲两者的共同点，C选项“Here are some of their similarities.(以下是它们的一些相似之处。)”引出下文要讲它们的共同点，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 2．空前“In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters.(在英语中，我们用字母表来记录语言，字母表是字母的集合。)”说明在英语中我们用字母记录语言，结合标题“Both have a writing system.(它们都有文字系统。)”空格处应该说在音乐中用什么来记录，F选项“Similarly, we use notes to keep a record of music.(同样，我们用音符来记录音乐。)”说明在音乐中我们用音符来记录，承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 3．空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language they use. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.(你可以通过听一个人使用的语言来猜测他来自哪里。同样，我们知道世界各地的音乐风格是不同的，这让我们有机会通过他们的音乐来探索许多不同的文化，并为我们提供适合各种情况的音乐。)”可知，本段主要讲的是在不同的文化中语言和音乐是不同的，A选项“Both vary with culture.(两者都因文化而异。)”说明了语言和音乐随文化不同，概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。 4．空后“Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy.(当然，你可以从我的脸上看出来，但你会通过我的话语知道。同样，音乐可以听起来愤怒、悲伤或快乐。)”说明语言和音乐都可以让人知道一个人的情绪，空格处应该提出应该如何知道人的某种情绪，D选项“How do you know that I am angry?(你怎么知道我生气了？)”提出如何知道一个人生气了，引出下文通过音乐和语言知道人生气了，因此引出下文，符合语境，故选D。 5．空前“When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness.(当你感到快乐的时候，你可能想要随着一首快乐的歌曲唱歌跳舞来庆祝你的快乐。)”说明感到快乐的人你可能想跳舞，空格处应该说不快乐的时候可能会怎样，G选项“In contrast, you probably also listen to music when you are feeling down.(相反，当你情绪低落的时候，你可能也会听音乐。)”说明不高兴的时候可能也会听音乐，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江温州·期中）How to Beat the Winter Blues If colder weather and shorter days cause you to feel the winter blues, you’re not alone. 1 The good news? There are things you can do to beat the winter blues. Do some physical activity. Physical activity has been shown to decrease the symptoms (症状) of sadness and reduce stress. Start slowly and build up to 30 to 60 minutes a day, five days a week, of various fitness-related activities. 2 Maybe you can break the time up into chunks (块) instead of focusing on one longer exercise. For example, if your goal is to walk 30 minutes a day, divide the time into three mini-tasks of 10 minutes each. Call on your support system. Loneliness will make the effects of the winter blues worse. That’s why your friends, family and co-workers should be on speed dial. “It is human contact that is important to our mental health.” Gaveras, a chief psychiatrist says. And when you are dealing with the winter blues, finding a way to spend time with supportive people is key to improving your mood. 3 4 Getting outside needs to be a top consideration during the winter months. Since winter blues are worsened by a lack of sun exposure, soaking up the sun — even in winter temperatures — is of great importance. Being in the sunlight helps increase melatonin (褪黑素) production and vitamin D levels, which can lead to an improved emotional state. 5 You can spend more time in sunlight there and get some beneficial effects, including decreases in nervousness, confusion and annoyance. A．Enjoy the warm sunlight outside. B．Try eating healthy foods to improve your mood. C．If you fail to get outdoors, move a chair next to an open window. D．Therefore, you can lift your spirits and drive away your winter blues. E．This may include walks outdoors, talks on the phone, or coffee dates. F．It’s not uncommon to experience tiredness, sadness and anxiety in winter. G．However, sometimes you are unwilling to work out when feeling disappointed. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了如何驱散“冬季忧郁”。 1．根据上文“If colder weather and shorter days cause you to feel the winter blues, you’re not alone.(如果更冷的天气和更短的白天让你感到冬季忧郁，那么你并不孤单)”可知，并不是一个人感到冬季忧郁，说明很多人都这样，F项“在冬天，感到疲倦、悲伤和焦虑并不罕见”与上文语义一致，故选F。 2．上文“Start slowly and build up to 30 to 60 minutes a day, five days a week, of various fitness-related activities.(慢慢开始，每周锻炼5天，每天锻炼30到60分钟)”提到每天锻炼30到60分钟，下文“Maybe you can break the time up into chunks (块) instead of focusing on one longer exercise.(也许你可以把这个时间分成几部分，而不是集中在一个更长的锻炼上)”提到分解锻炼时间，故空处应是说无法坚持锻炼的情况，引出下文分解锻炼时间的方法，G项“然而，有时当你感到失望时，你不愿意锻炼”符合语境，故选G。 3．上文“And when you are dealing with the winter blues, finding a way to spend time with supportive people is key to improving your mood.(当你在应对冬季抑郁时，找到一种方法和支持你的人在一起是改善情绪的关键)”提到找到一种方法和支持你的人在一起来改善情绪，E项“这可能包括户外散步、电话交谈或咖啡约会”对上文“way”例举，符合语境，故选E。 4．根据下文“Getting outside needs to be a top consideration during the winter months. Since winter blues are worsened by a lack of sun exposure, soaking up the sun — even in winter temperatures — is of great importance.(在冬天的几个月里，外出是最重要的考虑因素。由于缺乏阳光照射会加重冬季忧郁，因此吸收阳光——即使在冬季的温度下——也是非常重要的)”可知，本段是说冬天出去享受阳光很重要，A项“享受外面温暖的阳光”适合作为本段主题句，故选A。 5．根据下文“You can spend more time in sunlight there and get some beneficial effects, including decreases in nervousness, confusion and annoyance.(你可以在那里花更多的时间在阳光下，得到一些有益的影响，包括减少紧张、困惑和烦恼)”可知，空处应是提及能得到阳光照射的地方，呼应下文“there”，C项“如果你不能到户外去，把椅子搬到开着的窗户旁边”符合语境，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江·期中）The Internet offers endless opportunities for learning, but many students don’t use it wisely. 1 Spending hours watching unplanned videos or clicking unrelated links may seem productive, but true learning requires focus and strategy. Here are some tips worth following in order to make your online learning experience more effective. Set specific goals before going online. Without a clear plan, it’s easy to lose track of time. Ask yourself: “What do I need to achieve today?” For example, instead of broadly searching “English help”, aim for “learn 10 new words in real-life situations using them”. 2 This sharp focus saves time and improves efficiency. Examine sources critically. Not all websites provide trustworthy information. 3 Look for websites ending in .edu or .gov, articles written by experts, or platforms like Coursera. If a source lacks author qualification or presents no references, approach it with care by cross-checking facts. Participate actively with material. Passive surfing hardly leads to deep learning. To be a true learner, you must interact with it actively. 4 Try taking notes in your own words, creating mind maps, or sharing and analyzing the content with a friend. These methods force your brain to process information, making it easier to recall later. 5 Online learning demands self-control. Use techniques like mindfulness practice: start your study period with a few minutes of deep breathing or meditation (冥想) to clear your mind and improve focus. Close unnecessary web pages, completing one task at a time without multitasking. Remember, the Internet is like a library—its value depends on how you use it. With discipline and smart habits, you can unlock its full potential for your education. A．Stay focused. B．Plan your time wisely. C．Take down key points while learning. D．Detailed goals guide your online journey. E．Reliable websites are always supported by clear authority. F．Distractions are everywhere, and it’s easy to fall into aimless wandering online. G．It’s necessary to check your online learning methods and make gradual improvements. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．E 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍互联网学习的一些问题，并给出有效利用网络学习的实用建议。 1．上文“The Internet offers endless opportunities for learning, but many students don’t use it wisely.(互联网提供了无尽的学习机会，但许多学生并没有明智地利用它。)”指出学生没有明智利用互联网学习的问题，结合下文“Spending hours watching unplanned videos or clicking unrelated links may seem productive, but true learning requires focus and strategy.(花几个小时观看未经计划的视频或点击不相关的链接可能看起来是在学习，但真正的学习需要专注和策略。)”可知，此处指出真正的学习需要的是专注和策略，由此可知，F选项“Distractions are everywhere, and it’s easy to fall into aimless wandering online.(干扰无处不在，很容易在网上陷入漫无目的的浏览。)”进一步解释了学生没有明智利用互联网的表现，即容易受到干扰，陷入无目的浏览，承接上文，且与下文的内容衔接，符合语境。故选F项。 2．该段小标题“Set specific goals before going online.(上网前设定具体目标)”强调设定目标的重要性，结合上文“For example, instead of broadly searching “English help”, aim for “learn 10 new words in real-life situations using them”.(例如，与其宽泛地搜索“英语帮助”，不如目标设定为“在现实生活场景中学习并使用10个新单词”)”举例说明了具体目标的设定，D选项“Detailed goals guide your online journey.(详细的目标会指引你的网络学习之旅)”中的“Detailed goals”与上文具体的目标相呼应，且总结了设定具体目标的作用，承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。 3．该段小标题“Examine sources critically.(批判性地审视信息来源)”表明要对网络信息来源进行审视，上文“Not all websites provide trustworthy information.(并非所有网站都提供值得信赖的信息)”指出网站信息存在不可信的情况，E选项“Reliable websites are always supported by clear authority.(可靠的网站总是有明确的权威支持)”说明了可靠网站的特点，与上文形成对比，且引出下文“Look for websites ending in .edu or .gov, articles written by experts, or platforms like Coursera.(寻找以.edu 或.gov 结尾的网站、专家撰写的文章或像 Coursera 这样的平台)”对可靠信息来源的介绍，符合语境。故选E项。 4．该段小标题“Participate actively with material.(积极参与学习材料)”强调要积极与学习材料互动，上文“Passive surfing hardly leads to deep learning. To be a true learner, you must interact with it actively.(被动浏览很难带来深度学习。要成为一名真正的学习者，你必须积极与它互动。)”指出要积极互动，C选项“Take down key points while learning.(学习时记下要点)”是积极与学习材料互动的具体方式，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。 5．分析语篇可知，此处为本段的小标题，结合其它段落的小标题可知，此处为祈使句，下文“Online learning demands self-control. Use techniques like mindfulness practice: start your study period with a few minutes of deep breathing or meditation to clear your mind and improve focus. Close unnecessary web pages, completing one task at a time without multitasking.(在线学习需要自我控制。使用如正念练习等技巧：在学习开始时进行几分钟的深呼吸或冥想，以理清思绪并提高注意力。关闭不必要的网页，一次完成一项任务，不要同时处理多项任务。)”主要讲述了在线学习时要集中注意力，避免分心，A选项 “Stay focused.(保持专注)”为祈使句，准确概括了该段内容，适合作为小标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·浙江台州·期中）Being grateful can boost happiness and enhance life satisfaction while decreasing feelings of depression. Gratitude, much like any other skill, requires practice to unlock its full potential. 1 Reflect on the gifts of hardship. There is no question that life can be challenging, as things don’t always turn out the way we’d hoped. 2 It may seem difficult to reflect on challenging times and find a reason to be grateful, but in making our pain purposeful, we can find meaning in the experience. Express gratitude to others in writing. 3 Send each of them a quick but considerate correspondence in the form of a handwritten note, email or even a thoughtfully composed text. Remind them of why they are special to you and how worthwhile they are in the world. As a result of your effort, those on the receiving end will experience the mood-boosting benefits of being appreciated. They won’t be the only beneficiaries. Writing letters of gratitude has a positive effect on the author, increasing feelings of happiness while decreasing depression, studies have shown. 4 An important aspect of practicing gratitude regularly is becoming aware of opportunities throughout your day to express gratitude. Acknowledge at least two times a day that someone spreads a small act of kindness toward you. These acts could be a delivery person bringing a package to your door, a coworker offering assistance at work or your significant other getting you a coffee. 5 When you finish the challenges, hopefully you’ll be inspired by the mood-boosting benefits and continue actively practicing gratitude on a daily basis. A．Notice and appreciate the small stuff. B．Catch the chances of acting kindness. C．Think of three people in your life that you truly appreciate. D．All of us experience difficulties at different points in our lives. E．The benefits of thankfulness extend to both the giver and receiver F．Once recognizing their efforts, you can consistently show your appreciation better. G．To start improving your gratitude skill, try the following gratitude challenges. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高感恩的技巧。 1．根据上文“Being grateful can boost happiness and enhance life satisfaction while decreasing feelings of depression. Gratitude, much like any other skill, requires practice to unlock its full potential.(感恩可以增加幸福感，提高生活满意度，同时减少抑郁情绪。感恩，就像任何其他技能一样，需要练习才能释放其全部潜力)”可知，上文提到了感恩的好处，后文给出了提高感恩的技巧，本句引出后文，故G选项“要开始提高你的感恩技巧，试试下面的感恩挑战”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“Reflect on the gifts of hardship. There is no question that life can be challenging, as things don’t always turn out the way we’d hoped.(反思苦难的馈赠。毫无疑问，生活是充满挑战的，因为事情并不总是如我们所愿)”以及后文“It may seem difficult to reflect on challenging times and find a reason to be grateful, but in making our pain purposeful, we can find meaning in the experience.(在充满挑战的时刻反思并找到感恩的理由似乎很难，但让我们的痛苦变得有意义，我们就能在经历中找到意义)”可知，上文提到生活充满挑战，D选项中difficulties对应上文challenging。故D选项“我们在人生的不同阶段都会遇到困难”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据后文“Send each of them a quick but considerate correspondence in the form of a handwritten note, email or even a thoughtfully composed text. Remind them of why they are special to you and how worthwhile they are in the world.(以手写的便条、电子邮件甚至是深思熟虑的文字的形式，给他们每个人发一封快速而又体贴的信件。提醒他们为什么他们对你来说是特别的，他们在这个世界上是多么有价值)”可知，后文提到给感激的人用文字的方式表达感激，本句是在说明反思要感激的人有哪些，故C选项“想想你生命中真正感激的三个人”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据后文“An important aspect of practicing gratitude regularly is becoming aware of opportunities throughout your day to express gratitude. Acknowledge at least two times a day that someone spreads a small act of kindness toward you. These acts could be a delivery person bringing a package to your door, a coworker offering assistance at work or your significant other getting you a coffee.(经常练习感恩的一个重要方面是意识到每天都有机会表达感激之情。每天至少承认两次别人对你的小善举。这些行为可能是快递员把包裹送到你家门口，同事在工作中提供帮助，或者你的另一半给你倒咖啡)”可知，本段的主旨是感激日常小事。故A选项“注意并感激小事”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据上文“Acknowledge at least two times a day that someone spreads a small act of kindness toward you. These acts could be a delivery person bringing a package to your door, a coworker offering assistance at work or your significant other getting you a coffee.(每天至少承认两次别人对你的小善举。这些行为可能是快递员把包裹送到你家门口，同事在工作中提供帮助，或者你的另一半给你倒咖啡)”可知，上文提到了承认他人的小善举，F选项中recognizing对应上文Acknowledge。故F选项“一旦认可了他们的努力，你就能不断地更好地表达你的感激之情”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·浙江台州·期中）Make Time to Write Since a new year has started, time lies before us like a blank page, waiting to be filled with writing. We are all busy people, and we sometimes feel that life is working against our writing ambitions and pushing them aside. Yet the most productive writers are the busiest. 1 Overcoming self-doubt and fear is the key to unlocking your potential. 2 Most of the time, the real reason why we avoid writing is that we’ re afraid of failing. It’s simpler to complain about being too busy than to face our fears. To solve this problem, we can try to understand what we’ re scarred of, deal with it, and then focus on moving forward. A simple way to find more time to write is to give yourself a clear goal. It needs to be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound. 3 If you successfully meet your target, you could give yourself a small reward: buy a new notebook or pen, go for a long walk, or take a day off from writing and just do something completely different. 4 As Henry Ford once said, “If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always got”! This could mean writing with a notebook and pen rather than the computer you also use for work. Try varying your approach and see if it helps. Above all, you should prioritize (优先对待) writing over other things. Most successful writers have caring responsibilities, jobs outside the home, and the necessary everyday tasks they all need to complete. Yet they still manage to write. 5 So, if you want to make 2025 the year when you get your writing project done, look at how you use your time with a fresh eye. A．Sometimes, changing the writing tool can bring unexpected inspiration. B．In addition, writing in a different environment might also be beneficial. C．For example, writing 1,500 words in a week might be realistic. D．Do something different if your current approach isn’t working. E．What they have in common is that they treat writing as important. F．But how can we break through these difficulties and really start writing? G．We all have a voice in our head that keeps telling us we can’t succeed. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．C 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何在忙碌的生活中挤出时间来写作。 1．根据上文“We are all busy people, and we sometimes feel that life is working against our writing ambitions and pushing them aside. Yet the most productive writers are the busiest.(我们都是忙碌的人，有时会觉得生活与我们的写作抱负相悖，把写作抱负推到一边。然而，最有成效的作家却是最忙碌的)” 可知，这里提出了人们觉得生活阻碍写作但忙碌的人却可能是高产作家的矛盾情况，由此引出下文应该是关于如何突破这种困境开始写作的内容。F选项“但是我们怎样才能突破这些困难并真正开始写作呢？” 起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F。 2．根据上文“Overcoming self - doubt and fear is the key to unlocking your potential.(克服自我怀疑和恐惧是释放潜力的关键)” 可知，此段围绕自我怀疑和恐惧展开，G 选项“我们脑海中都有一个声音，不断告诉我们无法成功” 正是对自我怀疑的具体描述。符合语境。故选G。 3．根据上文“A simple way to find more time to write is to give yourself a clear goal. It needs to be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time - bound.(找到更多写作时间的简单方法是给自己设定明确目标，且需符合 SMART 原则：具体、可衡量、可实现、现实、有时限)” 可知，接下来需要一个符合该原则的具体目标示例，C 选项“例如，一周写 1500 字可能是现实的” 符合语境。故选C。 4．根据下文 “As Henry Ford once said, ‘If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always got’! This could mean writing with a notebook and pen rather than the computer you also use for work. Try varying your approach and see if it helps.(正如亨利・福特曾经说过的：“如果你一直做你一直在做的事情，你就会得到你一直得到的东西”！这可能意味着用笔记本和笔写作，而不是用你工作时也会用的电脑。尝试改变你的方法，看看是否有帮助)” 可知，该段强调如果当前的写作方式不起作用，就需要尝试不同的方法。D 选项“如果你的当前方法不起作用，就做一些不同的事情” 与该段主旨一致。故选D。 5．根据上文“Above all, you should prioritize (优先对待) writing over other things.(最重要的是，你应该把写作置于其他事情之上优先对待)” 以及 “Most successful writers have caring responsibilities, jobs outside the home, and the necessary everyday tasks they all need to complete. Yet they still manage to write.(大多数成功的作家都有关爱他人的责任、在外的工作，以及他们都需要完成的日常必要任务。然而，他们仍然设法进行写作)” 可知，成功的作家尽管有很多其他事务，但依然能写作的原因是他们重视写作。E 选项“他们的共同之处在于他们都把写作视为重要的事情” 符合语境。故选E。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·浙江嘉兴·期中）The Power of Releasing Worry We all worry. It’s a common feeling. We know worry does little good. It doesn’t solve problems but causes discomfort. Yet, it seems to stick to us. 1 Here are some ideas to help you worry less. Firstly, worry wastes our imagination. When we worry, we often think of bad things that might never happen. It’s not like problem-solving. Problem-solving is calm and logical. Worry is just nervousness. For example, if you worry about a test, you might imagine failing. But that doesn’t help. Instead, you should focus on preparing, which is practical. 2 Moreover, worry harms our performance. It takes our attention away from the present. When you worry, you can’t think clearly. Imagine you're playing a sport. 3 But if you stay calm and focus, you’ll do much better. Worry is like a dark cloud over our heads, making everything seem worse. Worry can stop you from reaching your goals and enjoying life. 4 When you feel worried, take slow, deep breaths. It helps you relax and think clearly. Also, take small actions. Even a little progress can reduce worry. For instance, if you worry about a project, start by making a simple plan. That gives you control and relaxes your mind. The key is to direct your attention to positive actions. In short, worry can be a lot of trouble. 5 By understanding its harm and learning to let go, we can live happier and more successful lives. A．Lastly, the solution to worry is to stay present. B．It’s important to see the difference between worrying and problem-solving. C．If you worry about losing, you won’t play well. D．Many people find that worry becomes a habit that's hard to break. E．However, there are several ways to reduce worry and improve your life. F．Taking steps to manage worry can lead to significant improvements in your daily life. G．The serious effect of worry on our physical and mental health must be fully understood. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了担忧的危害以及减少担忧的方法。 1．上文“We all worry. It’s a common feeling. We know worry does little good. It doesn’t solve problems but causes discomfort. Yet, it seems to stick to us.(我们都会担心。这是一种常见的感觉。我们知道担心没有什么好处。它不能解决问题，反而会引起不适。然而，它似乎总是伴随着我们)”说明担心是一种常见的感觉，而且不能解决问题，E项“然而，有几种方法可以减少担忧，改善你的生活”和前文为转折关系并引出下文介绍减少担忧的方法，且E项中的“reduce worry”和后文“help you worry less”相呼应，符合语境。故选E。 2．根据上文“Firstly, worry wastes our imagination. When we worry, we often think of bad things that might never happen. It’s not like problem-solving. Problem-solving is calm and logical. Worry is just nervousness. For example, if you worry about a test, you might imagine failing. But that doesn’t help. Instead, you should focus on preparing, which is practical.(首先，担心浪费了我们的想象力。当我们担心的时候，我们经常想到可能永远不会发生的坏事。这不是解决问题。解决问题的冷静和逻辑。担心只是紧张)”可知，我们应该却别担心和解决问题的区别，B项“重要的是要看到担心和解决问题的区别”符合语境。故选B。 3．上文“Moreover, worry harms our performance. It takes our attention away from the present. When you worry, you can’t think clearly.(此外，担心会损害我们的表现。它会把我们的注意力从当下转移开。当你担心的时候，你不能清晰地思考)”说明担心会损害我们的表现，把我们的注意力从当下转移开，让我们不能清晰地思考，C项“如果你担心失败，你就表现不好”和前文为顺承关系，进一步说明担心会损害我们的表现。故选C。 4．空处位于段首，为段落主旨句，应概括本段内容。下文“When you feel worried, take slow, deep breaths. It helps you relax and think clearly. Also, take small actions. Even a little progress can reduce worry.(当你感到担心时，慢慢地深呼吸。它能帮助你放松，清晰地思考。此外，采取小行动。即使是一点点进步也能减少担忧)”说明减少担忧的方法。A项“最后，解决担忧的方法是活在当下”引出下文内容。故选A。 5．根据下文“By understanding its harm and learning to let go, we can live happier and more successful lives.(通过了解它的危害并学会放手，我们可以过上更快乐、更成功的生活)”可知，了解担心的危害对我们有帮助，G项“必须充分了解担心对我们身心健康的严重影响”符合语境。故选G。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·浙江丽水·期中）4 Things Parents Should Always Keep in Mind During a Heat Wave A heat wave sweeps across the country this week. 1 . Tony Woodward, medical director of emergency medicine at Seattle Children’s, provides the following advice for parents and caregivers about how to beat the heat as well as keep their kids safe this summer. Keep kids out of hot cars. Leaving a child alone in a car can result in deadly consequences, even on just a warm day. “It doesn’t take very long: 2 ,” says Woodward. “When you combine this with the fact that the temperature in your car can rise nearly 20 degrees in just 10 minutes, dangerous heatstroke can develop quickly.” 3 . While the local lake or pool may provide a good place from the heat, parents and caregivers should be mindful of the dangers water presents. “Drowning is the second-leading cause of injury-related death for children aged 1-14,” says Woodward. So children should swim only when lifeguards are on duty. Prevent window falls. The summer weather has parents and caregivers opening windows and doors to try to get some circulation (循环) and relief from the heat. Woodward warns that open windows can be a big danger to young children. Thus make it a rule to play at least 2 feet away from windows. 4 . Protect your child from too much sun. 5 , though they do come with their risks. Woodward recommends parents to safeguard their children from the ill effects of exposure to too much sun. For example, when it is 90 degrees or above,children should not play outside or exercise for more than 30 minutes at a time. A．Enjoy the water safely B．Avoid water in hot surroundings C．If the weather is not friendly to the children D．Thus many families have health concerns in mind E．A child’s body heats up much faster than an adult’s F．Summer months are also for families to go outdoors G．And make sure other caregivers know about it as well 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在热浪期间家长应牢记的四件事，包括让孩子远离炎热的汽车、安全玩水、防止孩子从窗户坠落以及保护孩子免受过多阳光照射，并给出了相应的原因和具体建议。 1．根据上文“A heat wave sweeps across the country this week.(本周一股热浪席卷全国)”以及下文“Tony Woodward, medical director of emergency medicine at Seattle Children’s, provides the following advice for parents and caregivers about how to beat the heat as well as keep their kids safe this summer(西雅图儿童医院急诊医学主任托尼・伍德沃德为家长和照顾者提供了以下建议，教他们如何在这个夏天消暑并保证孩子的安全)”可知，热浪来袭，医生为家长和照顾者提供建议，可推理出空白处说的是很多家庭会担心孩子的健康问题，D选项“Thus many families have health concerns in mind(因此，许多家庭都担心健康问题)”符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用，故选D项。 2．根据上文“Leaving a child alone in a car can result in deadly consequences, even on just a warm day. It doesn’t take very long:(把孩子单独留在车里可能会导致致命的后果，即使只是在温暖的日子里。时间不需要很长)”可知，上文说的是把孩子单独留在车里可能会导致致命的后果，可推理出下文对此进行解释，E选项“A child’s body heats up much faster than an adult’s(孩子的身体比成年人升温快得多)”符合语境，能够说明把孩子单独留在车里危险的原因，故选E项。 3．根据下文“While the local lake or pool may provide a good place from the heat, parents and caregivers should be mindful of the dangers water presents. “Drowning is the second-leading cause of injury-related death for children aged 1-14,” says Woodward. So children should swim only when lifeguards are on duty(虽然当地的湖泊或游泳池可能是避暑的好地方，但家长和照顾者应该注意水带来的危险。伍德沃德说：“溺水是1至14岁儿童受伤相关死亡的第二大原因。”所以孩子们应该只在有救生员值班的时候游泳)”可知，这一段主要讲的是在玩水时要注意安全。A选项“Enjoy the water safely(安全地玩水)”能够概括这一段的主旨，作为小标题合适，故选A项。 4．根据上文“Woodward warns that open windows can be a big danger to young children. Thus make it a rule to play at least 2 feet away from windows(伍德沃德警告说，打开的窗户对年幼的孩子来说可能是一个很大的危险。因此，要规定孩子在离窗户至少2英尺的地方玩耍)”可知，此处是在强调防止孩子从窗户坠落的措施，G选项“And make sure other caregivers know about it as well(并确保其他照顾者也知道这一点)”进一步说明了要让其他人也了解这个情况，符合语境，故选G项。 5．根据下文“though they do come with their risks. Woodward recommends parents to safeguard their children from the ill effects of exposure to too much sun. For example, when it is 90 degrees or above, children should not play outside or exercise for more than 30 minutes at a time(尽管它们确实存在风险。伍德沃德建议家长保护孩子免受过多阳光照射的不良影响。例如，当气温达到90度或以上时，孩子们一次在户外玩耍或锻炼的时间不应超过30分钟)”可知，此处是在说夏天户外玩耍有风险，F选项“Summer months are also for families to go outdoors(夏天也是家庭外出的季节)”符合语境，引出下文关于户外玩耍的风险及防护建议，故选F项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江杭州·期中）A robot is chatting to an elderly British man in his bedroom. 1 . Perhaps because of the man’s age, the robot starts asking him about his memories of the Second World War. The elderly man goes on to tell how his father was in the army, and he hasn’t seen him for years. 2 . The behavior is the product of the Caresses project which aims to design robots that can take into account the cultural background of the person they’re talking to. The man is British, so the robot thinks he will be interested in such a topic, regardless of the man’s personal feelings. Cultural robotics is part of a wider movement to make robotics more culturally inclusive. 3 For example, because the Internet is mainly in English, large language models are primarily trained on English text — with the cultural biases (偏见) existing. Similarly, the move to make robots more culturally sensitive means well, but people are worried about where it could lead, considering the diverse cultural preferences across different social groups. Humans from different cultures react differently to robots. For example, different cultures have different expectations around personal space, and this affects how far they prefer robots to stand from them. 4 People are more able to understand a robot if it uses the facial expressions they are familiar with. Culture is a complex concept, open to various explanations. 5 . To avoid designing robots based on stereotypes (刻板印象), we will need to be more thoughtful. A．It has a pleasantly bright voice. B．Does this topic really hold a person’s interest C．However, concerns about this have been raised. D．This practice is widely recognized across cultures. E．Therefore, a one-size-fits-all approach is impractical. F．Why does a robot mention a topic that may cause pain? G．Different cultures interpret facial expressions differently too. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．C 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕文化机器人技术展开，介绍了其相关项目，阐述了使人工智能和机器人技术更具文化包容性这一趋势以及面临的问题，如文化的多样性导致不同文化背景的人对机器人的反应不同，还指出需要更周全的视角来避免基于刻板印象设计机器人。 1．根据空前的“A robot is chatting to an elderly British man in his bedroom.(一个机器人正在一位英国老人的卧室里和他聊天。)”可知，此处描述机器人在与一位英国老人聊天，由此可知，此空应描述机器人的相关特征，A选项“It has a pleasantly bright voice. (它有着悦耳明亮的声音。)”进一步介绍了机器人的特点，使描述更具体，符合语境。故选A项。 2．根据空后的“The behavior is the product of the Caresses project which aims to design robots that can take into account the cultural background of the person they’re talking to. The man is British, so the robot thinks he will be interested in such a topic, regardless of the man’s personal feelings. (这种行为是Caresses项目的产物。该项目属于文化机器人学的新领域，旨在设计出能够考虑到对话者文化背景的机器人。这个人是英国人，所以机器人认为他会对这样的话题感兴趣，而忽略了这个人的个人感受)”可知，此处解释这是Caresses项目的设定，机器人忽略了老人的个人感受，由此可推测，空处应提出对机器人忽略个人感受这一行为的疑问，F选项“Why does a robot mention a topic that may cause pain? (为什么机器人会提到一个可能带来痛苦的话题？)”以疑问的形式引出对机器人提问意图的探讨，与下文“项目旨在考虑文化背景”形成因果关系，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据空前的“Cultural robotics is part of a wider movement to make robotics more culturally inclusive.(文化机器人学是使机器人学更具文化包容性的更广泛运动的一部分。)”以及空后的“Similarly, the move to make robots more culturally sensitive means well, but people are worried about where it could lead, considering the diverse cultural preferences across different social groups. (同样地，让机器人更具文化敏感性的举措初衷是好的，但考虑到不同社会群体存在多样化的文化偏好，人们担心这一举措可能会带来何种结果。)”可知，此处应体现人们对文化机器人学存在担忧，C选项“However, concerns about this have been raised. (然而，对此的担忧已经出现。)”与前文形成转折，引出下文人们的担忧，符合语境。故选C项。 4．根据空前的“For example, different cultures have different expectations around personal space, and this affects how far they prefer robots to stand from them.(例如，不同的文化对个人空间有不同的期望，这会影响他们希望机器人与自己保持的距离。)”以及空后的“People are more able to understand a robot if it uses the facial expressions they are familiar with.(如果机器人使用人们熟悉的面部表情，人们更容易理解它。)”可知，空前提到了不同文化背景的人对机器人的反应不同，空后提到了机器人使用人们熟悉的面部表情进行交流，所以，空处应承上启下，说明不同文化对机器人面部表情的反应也不同，G选项“Different cultures interpret facial expressions differently too. (不同的文化对面部表情的解读也不同。)”与前后文都围绕不同文化的差异展开，补充另一个文化差异的维度，与下文“熟悉的表情更易理解”直接相关，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据空前的“Culture is a complex concept, open to various explanations.(文化是一个复杂的概念，可以有多种解释。)”可知，此处应说明由于文化的复杂性，通用的方法并不适用，E选项“Therefore, a one-size-fits-all approach is impractical. (因此，一刀切的方法是不切实际的。)”与空前为因果关系，是前文文化复杂性得出的结论。故选E项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江·期中）Apps and Your Privacy In today’s digital age, protecting your privacy while using apps is important. All apps collect data as you use them. Here are some good tips to keep your personal information safe. 1 For starters, download apps only from the App Store, not from random websites. 2 Before you accept an app’s terms and conditions, look at what information it’s planning to collect and think twice if it’s asking for too many permissions. For example, why would a gaming app need access to text messages? You may think it’s inconvenient, but it’s worth it. Also, most apps don’t need to know your location, but for those that do, you can choose to enable location services only when using the particular app, another smart privacy safeguard. 3 Don’t use your main e-mail address or social media account. This way, if there is a security breach (缺口), your exposure is contained to things connected to that address. And, of course, use a secure password. This means a long one (at least ten characters) with a mixture of letters, numbers, and special characters—and a unique password for each app. According to security experts, a good trick is to create a memorable “passphrase” by creating a series of random (任意的) words, and then replace numbers or special characters for some of the letters 4 Go ahead and write them down—just store it in a secure location (not your wallet or phone case!). Finally, remember that privacy is an ongoing concern. Regularly review the apps you have installed and the permissions you’ve granted them. Stay informed about the latest privacy threats and solutions. 5 By taking these simple steps, you can enjoy the benefits of apps while protecting your personal data. A．It’s better to be safe than sorry. B．How will you ever remember them all? C．Why is it so important to protect our privacy? D．Moreover, create strong, unique passwords for each app. E．Because it can prevent bad software from infecting your device. F．Following these four steps will help ensure you’re not oversharing. G．Sign up an e-mail address just for things like app permissions and e-mail newsletters. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．G 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了使用应用程序时保护隐私的一些方法和建议。 1．上文“Here are some good tips to keep your personal information safe.(这里有一些保护个人信息安全的好建议)”说明文章接下来要讲保护隐私的具体方法。空处起到引出下文具体建议的作用，F选项“遵循这四个步骤将有助于确保你不会过度分享信息。”符合语境，能很好地引出下文的具体内容。所以选F。 2．上文“For starters, download apps only from the App Store, not from random websites.(首先，只从应用商店下载应用程序，而不是从随意的网站上下载)”说明了下载应用程序的正确方式。空处应解释这样做的原因，E选项“因为它可以防止恶意软件感染你的设备。”符合语境。该项中的 it指代上文从应用商店下载应用程序这一行为。故选E。 3．下文“Don’t use your main e-mail address or social media account. This way, if there is a security breach (缺口), your exposure is contained to things connected to that address.(不要使用你的主要电子邮件地址或社交媒体账户。这样，如果存在安全漏洞，你的信息暴露范围就只限于与该地址相关的事情)”提到了不使用主要电子邮件地址，空处应与创建用于应用程序等的电子邮件地址相关，G选项“注册一个仅用于应用程序权限和电子邮件通讯等事情的电子邮件地址。”符合语境，引出下文对不使用主要邮箱地址的解释。所以选G。 4．上文“According to security experts, a good trick is to create a memorable “passphrase” by creating a series of random (任意的) words, and then replace numbers or special characters for some of the letters.(根据安全专家的说法，一个好的技巧是通过创建一系列任意的单词来创建一个容易记住的“密码短语”，然后用数字或特殊字符替换其中的一些字母)”提到了创建密码的方法，下文“Go ahead and write them down—just store it in a secure location (not your wallet or phone case!).(继续把它们写下来——只要把它存放在一个安全的地方（不是你的钱包或手机壳里！）)”提到写下密码，空处应与记住这些密码相关。B选项“你要怎么记住所有这些密码呢？”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。 5．上文“Finally, remember that privacy is an ongoing concern. Regularly review the apps you have installed and the permissions you’ve granted them. Stay informed about the latest privacy threats and solutions.(最后，请记住，隐私是一个持续关注的问题。定期检查你安装的应用程序以及你授予它们的权限。随时了解最新的隐私威胁和解决方案)”强调了保护隐私要持续关注，采取措施。空处应是对这种做法的总结，A选项“安全总比后悔好。”符合语境，说明做好这些措施保护隐私是有益的。故选A。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·浙江丽水·期中）Over recent years, AI has become accessible to everyone, significantly making our lives easier compared to before. However, there are risks as well as benefits. 1 Be critical (批判性). AI can do amazing things, like create images or write stories, but it does not reflect on what it is writing. It will put text together in a way that makes sense but often cannot read “between the lines”. 2 You can use this as an opportunity to develop critical thinking skills. Watch out for chatbots. Chatbots are designed to simulate (模拟) conversations as if they were another human being. But there may not be any human checks on improper content. Don’t forget that the “person”you’re speaking to is actually a machine, not a human. 3 It only shows language based on pre-written models and rules. 4 With all the focus on AI text, you might not notice that pictures and videos are also part of the AI. Your photos and facial image become available to AI when uploaded, which makes it harder to protect your identity. So be careful about your privacy and always remember that any data you upload to the internet can be stored, scanned and processed by AI. However, the developments in this field are highly exciting. And with open policy conversations and some oversight, AI can be a powerful learning and engagement tool. - 5 A．Understand AI’s limitations. B．Pay attention to visual uploads. C．It does not share your ideals, beliefs, culture or religion. D．If left unaccompanied, chatbots could feed into your curiosity. E．Here are three things you can keep in mind as you use AI in everyday life. F．This means every word, sentence that AI creates should be treated carefully. G．The potential benefits that could arise from using this technology are endless. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能（AI）在日常生活中的利与弊，并提出了在使用AI时应注意的事项。 1．根据上文“Over recent years, AI has become accessible to everyone, significantly making our lives easier compared to before. However, there are risks as well as benefits.(近年来，每个人都可以接触到人工智能，与以前相比，人工智能大大简化了我们的生活。然而，有风险也有好处)”可知，上文提到人工智能的好处，指出有好处也有风险。选项E“Here are three things you can keep in mind as you use AI in everyday life.(以下是你在日常生活中使用AI时可以记住的三件事)”承上启下，延续上文内容，指出我们在使用AI时需要注意的事项。故选E。 2．根据空前内容“It will put text together in a way that makes sense but often cannot read “between the lines”.(它会以一种有意义的方式把文本放在一起，但往往不能“读字里行间”)”可知，AI创作的文本只是以一种有意义的方式把文本放在一起，但往往不能“读字里行间”。选项F“This means every word, sentence that AI creates should be treated carefully.(这意味着人工智能创造的每一个单词、句子都应该被仔细对待)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是我们需要谨慎对待AI创作的文本。故选F。 3．根据空前内容“Don’t forget that the “person” you’re speaking to is actually a machine, not a human.(别忘了，和你说话的“人”实际上是一台机器，而不是一个人)”可知，我们需要牢记与自己说话的是一台机器。而根据下文“It only shows language based on pre-written models and rules.(它只显示基于预先写好的模型和规则的语言)”指出与我们说话的机器只显示基于预先写好的模型和规则的语言。选项C“It does not share your ideals, beliefs, culture or religion.(它不认同你的理想、信仰、文化或宗教)”与下文内容相符，共同指出与我们说话的是机器而不是人。故选C。 4．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“With all the focus on AI text, you might not notice that pictures and videos are also part of the AI. Your photos and facial image become available to AI when uploaded, which makes it harder to protect your identity. So be careful about your privacy and always remember that any data you upload to the internet can be stored, scanned and processed by AI.(所有的焦点都在人工智能文本上，你可能没有注意到图片和视频也是人工智能的一部分。你的照片和面部图像在上传后就会被人工智能获取，这使得保护你的身份变得更加困难。所以要小心你的隐私，永远记住你上传到互联网上的任何数据都可以被人工智能存储、扫描和处理)”可知，我们要小心传到互联网上的图片和视频。选项B“Pay attention to visual uploads.(注意视觉上传)”与本段内容相符，指的是要小心我们上传的各种图片和视频等。故选B。 5．根据空前内容“And with open policy conversations and some oversight, AI can be a powerful learning and engagement tool.(通过公开的政策对话和一些监督，人工智能可以成为一个强大的学习和参与工具)”可知，人工智能如果有监督，会成为一个强大的学习和参与工具。选项G“The potential benefits that could arise from using this technology are endless.(使用这项技术可能产生的潜在好处是无穷无尽的)”延续上文内容，指出人工智能有很多潜在的好处。故选G。 Passage 4 （23-24高一下·浙江杭州·期中）Though it’s been around for roughly 5,000 years, yoga is more popular today than ever. The fact that you can practice it just about anywhere is a big reason why. 1 That’s nearly 15 million more than the number of people who golf. Westerners adopted yoga as a form of exercise, but at its roots, yoga is a way of life. As recorded in the Yoga Sutras, yoga is based on the idea that the mind, body and spirit are all one. The breath is said to carry a person’s life force. 2 In addition to reducing stress, yoga can improve posture and balance, strengthen bones and muscles,and keep your joints healthy. 3   For instance, downward-facing dog can relieve back pain, while plank pose is good for building a strong core (核心). For a quick break, the best choice is child pose. 4 You start out on your hands and knees and sit back, bringing your belly to the floor, with arms outstretched. 5 . Globally, the industry is expected to produce $66 billion by 2027. More than 45,000 yoga studios dot the country. Despite the fact that all you really need is a mat, the average American yogi spends an estimated $62,640 over a lifetime on yoga classes and accessories. A．Today, yoga is big business. B．Different poses offer different benefits. C．You have access to yoga whenever you like. D．About 55 million Americans regularly hit the mat. E．It is a gentle stretch that helps you rest and refocus. F．Close your eyes, relax your body and take a deep breath. G．Also, many experts believe that controlling the breath refreshes the body. 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．B 4．E 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑜伽的好处、特点以及商业价值。 1．根据上文“Though it’s been around for roughly 5,000 years, yoga is more popular today than ever. The fact that you can practice it just about anywhere is a big reason why.(尽管瑜伽已经存在了大约5000年，但今天它比以往任何时候都更受欢迎。事实上，你可以在任何地方练习它，这是一个很大的原因)”以及后文“That’s nearly 15 million more than the number of people who golf.(这比打高尔夫球的人数多了近1500万)”可知，本句主要说明了练习瑜伽的具体人数。故D选项“大约5500万美国人经常做瑜伽”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Westerners adopted yoga as a form of exercise, but at its roots, yoga is a way of life. As recorded in the Yoga Sutras, yoga is based on the idea that the mind, body and spirit are all one. The breath is said to carry a person’s life force.(西方人把瑜伽作为一种锻炼方式，但从根本上说，瑜伽是一种生活方式。正如《瑜伽经》所记载的那样，瑜伽是基于思想，身体和精神是一体的。据说呼吸承载着一个人的生命力)”可知，本句主要说明呼吸如何使人恢复生命力的。故G选项“此外，许多专家认为控制呼吸可以使身体焕然一新”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据后文“For instance, downward-facing dog can relieve back pain, while plank pose is good for building a strong core (核心). For a quick break, the best choice is child pose.(例如，下犬式可以缓解背部疼痛，而平板支撑体式可以锻炼强壮的核心肌群。为了快速休息，最好的选择是婴儿式)”可知，后文主要列举了不同的姿势对身体的不同好处。故B选项“不同的姿势有不同的好处”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据上文“For a quick break, the best choice is child pose.(为了快速休息，最好的选择是婴儿式)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明婴儿式的作用。故E选项“这是一个温和的伸展，可以帮助你休息和重新集中注意力”符合语境，故选E。 5．根据后文“Globally, the industry is expected to produce $66 billion by 2027. More than 45,000 yoga studios dot the country. Despite the fact that all you really need is a mat, the average American yogi spends an estimated $62,640 over a lifetime on yoga classes and accessories.(全球范围内，该行业预计到2027年将产生660亿美元的产值。全国有超过4.5万家瑜伽馆。尽管你真正需要的只是一个垫子，但美国瑜伽士一生中平均花费62640美元在瑜伽课程和配件上)”可知，本句总起后文，引出瑜伽的商业价值。故A选项“今天，瑜伽是一门大生意”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·浙江金华·期中）People disagree about meaningful and small matters on a daily basis. Sometimes you know if you speak your mind you will upset someone. However, you often must express your opinion even if you know others will disagree. By choosing your words carefully you can avoid a long-term offense(冒犯) . “Ask people about their perspective (观点). Before being honest about how you feel, it’s important to know their perspective. This gives you a chance to show genuine interest and have a conversation. 1 They may even end their explanation with a request to hear your perspective. ·Put yourself in their shoes. One of the simplest ways to avoid hurting feelings is to imagine how they will respond to your statements. 2 Practise imagining how they view their own opinion and yours. Just because their perspective is different doesn’t mean it’s wrong. · 3 Be careful with your honesty. You want to speak the truth in kindness. That means avoiding obvious negative behaviors such as making a face or making fun of their ideas. ·Be polite in your responses. Whenever you try to avoid hurting others it is best to speak with kindness. Simple acts of kindness can make a big difference. They convey respect and show that you value the other person. This situation isn’t all about you speaking your mind. 4 ·Express your perspective as opinion, not fact. This shows you value their perspective, even if you know the facts back you up. If they have an open mind, facts will change their perspective. If they do not have an open mind, facts will feel like personal attacks. 5 Allow them to discover the truth in their own way, not yours. A．They have a right to be incorrect. B．It’s about them feeling valued. C．Control your words and body language. D．If they said that to you, would you be upset? E．Listening to others’ opinion is a very powerful way. F．Use facts and try to avoid letting your emotions run high. G．This may also give you opportunities to speak up and be honest. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们几条关于如何在不伤害他人感情的情况下保持诚实的建议。 1．根据上文“This gives you a chance to show genuine interest and have a conversation. (这给了你一个表现出真正的兴趣和交谈的机会。)”和下文“They may even end their explanation with a request to hear your perspective.(他们甚至可能在解释结束时要求听听你的观点。)”可知，空处和上下文保持一致，说明询问别人观点带来的好处。G项中的“This may also give”和上文的“This gives”对应。G项：This may also give you opportunities to speak up and be honest.(这也会给你机会说出自己的想法，做到诚实。)符合语境。故选G。 2．根据段落主题句“Put yourself in their shoes.(设身处地地为他们着想。)”和上文“One of the simplest ways to avoid hurting feelings is to imagine how they will respond to your statements.(避免伤害感情的最简单的方法之一就是想象他们会如何回应你的陈述。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明要站在别人的角度考虑问题。D项：If they said that to you, would you be upset?(如果他们那样对你说，你会生气吗？)切题。故选D项。 3．空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Be careful with your honesty. You want to speak the truth in kindness. That means avoiding obvious disapproving behaviours such as making a face or making fun of their ideas. (小心你的诚实。你想用善意说真话。这意味着要避免明显的不赞成行为，比如做鬼脸或取笑他们的想法。)”可知，本段主要讲述了要注意自己的言语和肢体语言。C项：Control your words and body language.(控制你的言语和肢体语言。)符合语境。故选C。 4．根据上文“They convey respect and show that you value the other person. This situation isn’t all about you speaking your mind.（他们传达了尊重，并表明你重视对方。这种情况不需要完全说出你的想法。）”可知，选项承接上文说明这种情况需要的结果。B选项“而是让他们感到被重视”符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“If they do not have an open mind, facts will feel like personal attacks.（如果他们没有开放的心态，事实会让人感觉像是人身攻击）”和下文“Allow them to discover the truth in their own way, not yours.（让他们用自己的方式，而不是你的方式去发现真相。）”可知，认为你说的不对是他们的权利，让他们用自己的方式去发现真相。A选项“他们有认为你不对的权利”符合语境。故选A项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·浙江衢州·期中）Starting a new environmental-friendly habit can be very difficult. New “green” products are popping up every day but too hard to learn and use. 1 . The good news is that this isn’t a totally new playing field. Long before bamboo toilet paper were invented, someone else was running their households with very little waste: our grandmothers. Here are their good old wisdom. Stop using “disposables” Disposables (一次性物品) like paper cup weren’t popularised until the mid-1900s. So what was everyone doing before then? Turn to glass cup, save highly effective paper products for your next party trick and head back to the original mess cleaner: cloth towels (毛巾). 2 . There are also a million designs to suit your kitchen. Blow your nose a bit greener We can’t picture our grandmother without at least one handkerchief (手帕) in their purse or pockets. The time of handkerchiefs has gone as paper towel take off, but using a washable handkerchief isn’t just better for the planet, it’s also a must when going through a cold. 3 . 4 We all love fresh flowers in our homes, but buying cut flowers from grocery stores can include the throwing away of imperfect blooms, and a lot of other wasteful behaviours. 5 . If you have space to grow your own garden, it’s easy to cut a few blooms, and if you can, find some wildflowers instead of store-bought ones. A．Turn to “washables”. B．Source your flowers. C．Luckily, our grandmas have better choices. D．Our grandmother only ever washed in cold water. E．The soft cotton cloth will be so much gentler on your nose. F．And then some of them are actually worse for the environment. G．They can absorb more water and be easily hand-washed in cold water. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了借鉴祖母的智慧来养成环保习惯的方法。 1．上文“New “green” products are popping up every day but too hard to learn and use.(新的“绿色食品”产品每天都在涌现，但太难学习和使用了)”说明新的绿色产品存在难学难用的问题。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步说明这些产品的其他问题。所以F项“而且其中一些实际上对环境更有害”符合语境。故选F。 2．上文“Turn to glass cup, save highly effective paper products for your next party trick and head back to the original mess cleaner: cloth towels (毛巾).(改用玻璃杯，把高效的纸制品留到下一次派对表演时用，然后再回到原来的清洁工具：布毛巾)”说明开始使用可重复使用的物品。空处和前文为顺接关系，继续说明布毛巾的优点。所以G项“它们可以吸收更多的水，并且很容易在冷水中手洗”符合语境，该项中的They指代前文中的“cloth towels”。故选G。 3．上文“The time of handkerchiefs has gone as paper towel take off, but using a washable handkerchief isn’t just better for the planet, it’s also a must when going through a cold.(随着纸巾的兴起，手帕的时代已经过去了，但使用可洗的手帕不仅对地球更好，而且在感冒时也是必须的)”说明使用可洗的手帕的好处。空处和前文为顺接关系，具体说明手帕对鼻子的好处。所以E项“柔软的棉布对你的鼻子会温柔得多”符合语境。故选E。 4．下文“We all love fresh flowers in our homes, but buying cut flowers from grocery stores can include the throwing away of imperfect blooms, and a lot of other wasteful behaviours.(我们都喜欢家里有鲜花，但从杂货店购买切花可能会包括扔掉不完美的花朵，以及许多其他浪费行为)”以及“If you have space to grow your own garden, it’s easy to cut a few blooms, and if you can, find some wildflowers instead of store-bought ones.(如果你有空间种植自己的花园，很容易剪下几朵花，而且如果可以的话，找一些野花而不是从商店买的花)”说明获取鲜花的不同方式以及环保的做法。空处为段落主旨句，应体现获取鲜花的内容。所以B项“获取你的鲜花”符合语境。故选B。 5．上文“We all love fresh flowers in our homes, but buying cut flowers from grocery stores can include the throwing away of imperfect blooms, and a lot of other wasteful behaviours.(我们都喜欢在家里摆放鲜花，但从杂货店购买切花可能会包括扔掉不完美的花朵，以及许多其他浪费的行为)”提到从杂货店购买花的浪费问题。空处和前文为顺接关系，提出解决方案。所以C项“幸运的是，我们的祖母们有更好的选择”符合语境，同时引出了下文祖母们的解决方案，即“If you have space to grow your own garden, it’s easy to cut a few blooms, and if you can, find some wildflowers instead of store-bought ones.(如果你有空地可以开辟自己的花园，那么剪下几朵花是很容易的；如果可以的话，不妨找一些野花，而不是去商店里买花)”。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·浙江·期中）While you may get flowers or a card from the one you love on Valentine’s Day, it can be hard to know how our four-legged friends feel about us. 1 . Here are signs that your dog loves you. Happy greeting It’s great to be welcomed home by our pet and your dog isn’t doing this to show welcome to you; 2 . This is also the case if your dog greets you when they are already wrapped up in another activity, like playing or eating. It is known to all how much they like their treats, so you know you’re well-loved if they choose you over that! 3 When your pet chooses to look at you with soft, relaxed eyes, they trust you and are happy in your company, accepting you as non-threatening. And, it could be argued, that trust is the highest form of love. Hugs (on your pet’s terms) Your dog can choose to curl up wherever they like, so when they hug you, they are actively choosing you. This can range from full body hugs to them leaning into you to ask for some love. However, any hug must always be on your pet’s conditions and personalities. 4 . Tail wagging A wagging tail can display a whole range of emotions from your dog, but you’ll know it’s a sign of love when they treat you to a full body wiggle. Their tail will turn around in circular movements like helicopter propellers (螺旋桨). 5 . Licking you Your dog may lick you for a variety of reasons, but one of them is affection and love. They are ultimately seeking attention from you because they want to interact with you. A．Soft eye contact. B．Cheerful and excited barking. C．Actually, it’s a sign that they are pretty happy to see you. D．In actuality, it’s a sign that they are hungry and eager for some treats. E．Some dogs will find having someone’s arms around them stressful and uncomfortable. F．Our cats and dogs can’t tell us how they feel, so what are the other signs that you share a special connection? G．This type of tail wagging is usually reserved for people that are special to them, and is mostly used when dogs see their owners. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是宠物狗爱我们的一些迹象。 1．根据空前的“While you may get flowers or a card from the one you love on Valentine’s Day, it can be hard to know how our four-legged friends feel about us.(虽然你可能会在情人节收到你爱的人的鲜花或卡片，但很难知道我们的四条腿的朋友对我们的感觉。)”可知，此处提到了我们很难知道我们的四条腿的朋友对我们的感觉，结合空后的“Here are signs that your dog loves you.(以下是你的狗爱你的迹象。)”可知，此空处应讲述到我们四条腿的朋友，尤其是提到狗这样的朋友，F选项“Our cats and dogs can’t tell us how they feel, so what are the other signs that you share a special connection?(我们的猫和狗不能告诉我们它们的感受，那么还有什么其他迹象表明你们之间有着特殊的联系呢?)”讲述的内容承接了空前的四条腿的朋友，且引出下文要讲述的话题，起到了承上启下的作用。故选F项。 2．根据空前的“It’s great to be welcomed home by our pet and your dog isn’t doing this to show welcome to you;(被我们的宠物欢迎回家真是太好了，你的狗这么做不是为了表示欢迎你)”可知，宠物狗欢迎你回家不是为了表示欢迎你，由此可推断，此空处讲述的是宠物狗这样做是表示什么，C选项“Actually, it’s a sign that they are pretty happy to see you.(事实上，这表明他们很高兴见到你。)”讲述的是宠物狗欢迎你回家表示见到你很高兴，承接空前的内容。故选C项。 3．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，根据下文中的“When your pet chooses to look at you with soft, relaxed eyes, they trust you and are happy in your company, accepting you as non-threatening.(当你的宠物选择用温柔、放松的眼神看着你时，它们信任你，在你的陪伴下很开心，认为你没有威胁。)”可知，宠物使用温柔的眼神看着你时，它会觉得很开心，由此可知，本段讲述的是通过宠物的眼神判断宠物是爱你的，A选项“Soft eye contact(温柔的眼神交流)”讲述的内容与本段内容一致，且概括了本段的主题。故选A项。 4．根据本段的主题句“Hugs (on your pet’s terms)(拥抱（以宠物的方式）)”可知，本段讲述的是以狗的方式的拥抱表示对你的爱，由此可知，此空讲述的内容与狗的拥抱相关，根据空前的“However, any hug must always be on your pet’s conditions and personalities.(然而，任何拥抱都必须根据宠物的情况和个性。)” 可知，任何拥抱都要根据宠物的个性和情况，E选项“Some dogs will find having someone’s arms around them stressful and uncomfortable.(有些狗会觉得有人搂着它们很有压力，很不舒服。)”讲述的内容与拥抱相关，且是对空前内容进一步的解释和说明，符合语境。故选E项。 5．根据本段的主题句“Tail wagging(摇尾巴)”可知，本段讲述的是宠物通过摇尾巴表示对你的爱，由此可知，此空讲述的内容与摇尾巴相关，结合空前的“Their tail will turn around in circular movements like helicopter propellers (螺旋桨).(它们的尾巴会像直升机螺旋桨一样旋转。)”可知，宠物的尾巴会像直升机的螺旋桨一样旋转，G选项“This type of tail wagging is usually reserved for people that are special to them, and is mostly used when dogs see their owners.(这种摇尾巴的方式通常是留给对它们来说很特别的人的，而且主要是在狗看到它们的主人时使用。)”中的“This type of tail wagging”指代的是空前讲述的“像直升机的螺旋桨一样旋转”，且讲述的内容与本段的主题一致。故选G项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江·期中）As the world struggles to deal with the climate crisis, some companies are working to remove polluting carbon dioxide from the air. 1 But two US companies have recently made important progress. Scientists say large amounts of CO2 must be removed from the CO2 atmosphere and stored. 2 But there’s so much CO2 in the atmosphere that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. And, when plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again. That means humans need to come up with ways of removing carbon from the air and storing it. This is called Direct Air Capture(DAC). The science of removing carbon from the air is challenging, and it’s still pretty new. 3 So one puzzle for these companies is how to remove carbon without creating more pollution. A company called Heirloom has just opened the first DAC plant in the United States. The company heats up the limestone to separate out the CO2, which is concrete. The process is extremely expensive. 4 That’s a tiny amount compared to how much carbon needs to be removed from the atmosphere, but the company says it hopes to remove a billion tons per year by 2035. 5 Some people worry that it will take too long for DAC technology to become powerful enough to make a difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy. But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air. A．Plants and trees do this naturally. B．That’s a huge and challenging goal. C．Not everyone is excited about carbon removal. D．Graphyte is another US company working on DAC． E．The new plant can remove 1,000 tons of CO2 a year. F．Most DAC processes require a large amount of energy. G．As a matter of fact, CO2 is just a small part of the gases that make up air. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．F 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“从空气中去除二氧化碳”这一主题展开，介绍了科学家们对于从大气中去除并储存大量二氧化碳的观点、目前面临的挑战、以及两家美国公司在这一领域取得的进展。同时，也提到了人们对于直接空气捕获（DAC）技术的不同看法和担忧。 1．根据空前“As the world struggles to deal with the climate crisis, some companies are working to remove polluting carbon dioxide from the air.(在全球努力应对气候危机之际，一些公司正在努力消除空气中的污染二氧化碳。)”可知，很多公司都在努力消除空气中的污染二氧化碳。选项B“That’s a huge and challenging goal.(这是一个巨大而具有挑战性的目标。)”自然延续上文内容，指出消除空气中的污染二氧化碳是一个巨大而具有挑战性的目标；同时引出空后内容“But two US companies have recently made important progress.(但两家美国公司最近取得了重要进展。)”。选项B与上下文内容相符，有承上启下的作用。故选B。 2．根据下文内容“But there’s so much CO2 in the atmosphere that just planting trees and protecting forests won’t solve the problem. And, when plants and trees die, the carbon they’ve stored gets released again.(但是大气中有太多的二氧化碳，仅仅植树和保护森林并不能解决这个问题。而且，当植物和树木死亡时，它们储存的碳会再次释放出来。)”可推测，空处和植物从二氧化碳大气中去除大量的二氧化碳并将其储存起来相关。选项A“Plants and trees do this naturally.(植物和树木自然会这样做。)”中的“this”指的是空前“Scientists say large amounts of CO2 must be removed from the CO2 atmosphere and stored.(科学家表示，必须从二氧化碳大气中去除大量的二氧化碳并将其储存起来。)”中的“large amounts of CO2 must be removed from the CO2 atmosphere and stored”，同时和下文保持一致。故选A。 3．根据空前的“That means humans need to come up with ways of removing carbon from the air and storing it. This is called Direct Air Capture(DAC). The science of removing carbon from the air is challenging, and it’s still pretty new.(这意味着人类需要想出从空气中去除碳并储存碳的方法。这被称为直接空气捕获(DAC)。从空气中去除碳的科学是具有挑战性的，而且它仍然很新。)”可知，空前提到了DAC。选项F“Most DAC processes require a large amount of energy.(大多数DAC过程需要大量的能量。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指出DAC过程需要大量的能量，从而自然引出下文“So one puzzle for these companies is how to remove carbon without creating more pollution.(因此，这些公司面临的一个难题是如何在不造成更多污染的情况下去除碳。)”。故选F。 4．根据空前的“A company called Heirloom has just opened the first DAC plant in the United States. The company heats up the limestone to separate out the CO2, which is concrete. The process is extremely expensive.(一家名为Heirloom的公司刚刚在美国开设了第一家DAC工厂。该公司加热石灰石，分离出二氧化碳，也就是混凝土。这个过程非常昂贵。)”可知，一家名为Heirloom的公司刚刚开设了第一家DAC工厂。选项E“The new plant can remove 1,000 tons of CO2 a year.(新工厂每年可以去除1000吨二氧化碳。)”自然延续上文内容，指的是新工厂每年可以去除1000吨二氧化碳。同时与空后“That’s a tiny amount compared to how much carbon needs to be removed from the atmosphere, but the company says it hopes to remove a billion tons per year by 2035.(与需要从大气中去除的碳量相比，这是微不足道的，但该公司表示，希望到2035年每年能去除10亿吨碳。)”相一致。故选E。 5．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Some people worry that it will take too long for DAC technology to become powerful enough to make a difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy. But experts say the decision isn’t to do one or the other. The world needs to end fossil fuel use and pull carbon out of the air.(有些人担心DAC技术需要很长时间才能变得强大到足以发挥作用。另一些人则担心，专注于消除碳排放可能会分散人们对更重要的气候行动的注意力，比如从化石燃料转向可再生能源。但专家表示，这个决定并不是选择其中之一。世界需要停止使用化石燃料，减少空气中的碳。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是人们对DAC技术的担忧。选项C“Not everyone is excited about carbon removal.(不是每个人都对除碳感到兴奋。)”是上文内容的总结，指的是不是每个人都对除碳感到兴奋，有不少人对该技术表示担忧。故选C。 Passage 4 （23-24高一下·浙江·期中）Summer isn’t summer without the beach. For millions of Americans, hitting the sand is a time to catch waves, enjoy the sunshine, build sand castles, have picnics, spot wildlife and go exploring. 1 . Here are some tips on how to be a better beachgoer, ensuring your favorite strip of sand remains lively. Plastic isn’t fantastic. One of the biggest contributors to beach litter is single-use plastic, such as chip bags, candy wrappers and juice boxes. 2 . Put meals in lunch bags or boxes, and bring drinks in water bottles or thermoses. 3 . It doesn’t matter how much time and effort you spent building a sand castle or digging the giant moat (壕沟) around it. If you are on a beach marked as a sea turtle habitat, fill in the moat and knock down the structure. Otherwise, they can die if they fall into a hole and get trapped. Respect the animals. The beach isn’t a petting zoo. People who love the creatures of the ocean have a desire to gain amazing experiences with them and have a connection to them, but don’t touch them. 4 . Read the signs. Signs posted at the beach aren’t optional reading: they are there to alert you to where you can’t go, what you can’t do, and what you can’t take, so don’t mess with the local ecosystem or its inhabitants. All the actions above may seem like little gestures, but they will serve as an inspiration to fellow beachgoers. 5 . A．Destroy what you build. B．Keep off a turtle habitat. C．Plastic toys break easily, leaving behind chips and pieces. D．Work together, and individuals can really make a big difference. E．Buy food and drinks in bulk and put them in reusable packaging instead. F．However, all that fun places stress on the coastal environment and the animals that inhabit it. G．For example, if you take a starfish out of the water, even for 10 seconds, it could choke and die. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何成为更好的海滩游客提出了一些建议。 1．根据上文“Summer isn’t summer without the beach. For millions of Americans, hitting the sand is a time to catch waves, enjoy the sunshine, build sand castles, have picnics, spot wildlife and go exploring.(没有海滩的夏天就不是夏天。对数以百万计的美国人来说，去沙滩是捕捉海浪、享受阳光、建造沙堡、野餐、观察野生动物和探索的时候)”以及后文“Here are some tips on how to be a better beachgoer, ensuring your favorite strip of sand remains lively.(这里有一些建议，教你如何成为一个更好的海滩游客，确保你最喜欢的沙滩保持活力)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出游客带来了负面影响。故F选项“然而，所有这些乐趣给沿海环境和栖息在那里的动物带来了压力”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据上文“One of the biggest contributors to beach litter is single-use plastic, such as chip bags, candy wrappers and juice boxes.(海滩垃圾的最大贡献者之一是一次性塑料，如薯片袋、糖果包装和果汁盒)”以及后文“Put meals in lunch bags or boxes, and bring drinks in water bottles or thermoses.(把食物放在午餐袋或饭盒里，用水瓶或保温瓶带饮料)”可知，本句主要针对如何进行环保提出建议。故E选项“购买散装食品和饮料，并将其放在可重复使用的包装中”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据本段内容“It doesn’t matter how much time and effort you spent building a sand castle or digging the giant moat (壕沟) around it. If you are on a beach marked as a sea turtle habitat, fill in the moat and knock down the structure. Otherwise, they can die if they fall into a hole and get trapped.(不管你花多少时间和精力建造一座沙堡或在它周围挖一条巨大的护城河。如果你在标记为海龟栖息地的海滩上，填平护城河并拆除结构。否则，如果掉进洞里被困住，它们就会死去)”可知，本段的建议是拆除在海滩上建造的东西。故A选项“毁掉你所建立的”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“The beach isn’t a petting zoo. People who love the creatures of the ocean have a desire to gain amazing experiences with them and have a connection to them, but don’t touch them.(海滩不是宠物动物园。热爱海洋生物的人渴望获得与它们的奇妙体验，并与它们建立联系，但不要触摸它们)”可知，本句针对上文不要接触动物进行举例说明。故G选项“例如，如果你把海星从水里拿出来，即使只有10秒钟，它也可能会窒息而死”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“All the actions above may seem like little gestures, but they will serve as an inspiration to fellow beachgoers.(以上所有的行为看起来都是小小的姿态，但它们将成为其他海滩游客的灵感)”可知，本句总结上文，指出个人行动也可以产生深远影响。故D选项“齐心协力，个人真的可以发挥很大的作用”符合语境，故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·浙江杭州·期中）The Hedgehog’s Dilemma is a concept that explores the tension between the desire for close relationships and the risk of emotional harm. German philosopher Schopenhauer used the metaphor (比喻) of hedgehogs seeking warmth on a cold winter day: they crowd together for comfort but soon feel the pain of each other’s quills (刺). They separate, only to feel the cold again, eventually finding a suitable distance that allows warmth without pain. 1 So that’s the theory, but what does this look like in our everyday lives? 2 But should we let these experiences block us from letting our guard down in the future? Schopenhauer’s advice would probably be “yes”. 3 For example, a previous study found that individuals with strong social connections have a 50% increased likelihood of survival. Additionally, the National Institute on Aging reports that the health risks of long-term isolation (隔离) are equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. 4 Psychological therapist Hilary Sanders explains that behaviors like isolation or anger can serve as survival strategies during childhood. While these defenses may provide short-term protection, they can block meaningful connections if they persist. In conclusion, the natural longing for connection drives us to seek out meaningful relationships, even when we know that weakness can lead to emotional pain. Unlike hedgehogs, humans don’t have the quills. 5 So when we learn to lower our defenses for safe people, there’s a chance we actually can have it all — the warmth of genuine relationships without the fear of being hurt. A．However, modern research offers a different perspective. B．This metaphor shows the importance of adaptability in nature. C．Most of the defensive reactions originate from early experiences. D．These experiences can make it difficult to trust others in the future. E．Many people share stories of emotional pain from close relationships. F．This reflects humans’ struggle to balance closeness and self-protection. G．We have the capacity to choose whom we trust and how we protect ourselves. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍刺猬困境的概念，及其在生活中的体现和相关研究观点。 1．上文“German philosopher Schopenhauer used the metaphor (比喻) of hedgehogs seeking warmth on a cold winter day: they crowd together for comfort but soon feel the pain of each other’s quills (刺) . They separate, only to feel the cold again, eventually finding a suitable distance that allows warmth without pain. (德国哲学家叔本华用刺猬在寒冷冬日取暖的比喻：它们挤在一起取暖，但很快就会感受到彼此刺的疼痛。它们分开，却又再次感到寒冷，最终找到一个合适的距离，既能取暖又不会疼痛。)”描述了刺猬困境的具体情况，F选项“This reflects humans’ struggle to balance closeness and self-protection. (这反映了人类在平衡亲密关系和自我保护之间的挣扎。)”中的“This”指代上文刺猬的例子，且准确地总结出该例子所反映的人类在亲密关系和自我保护间的挣扎，承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。 2．上文“So that’ s the theory，but what does this look like in our everyday lives? (这就是这个理论，但在我们的日常生活中这是什么样的呢?)”引出在生活中刺猬困境的体现这一话题，下文“But should we let these experiences block us from letting our guard down in the future? (但是我们应该让这些经历阻碍我们在未来放下戒备吗? )”中的“these experiences”提示上文应提及一些经历，E选项“Many people share stories of emotional pain from close relationships. (许多人都有过来自亲密关系的情感痛苦的经历。)”既回答了上文关于生活中刺猬困境的问题，又引出下文对这些经历影响的讨论，符合语境。故选E项。 3．上文“But should we let these experiences block us from letting our guard down in the future? Schopenhauer’s advice would probably be “yes”. (但我们应该让这些经历阻止我们在未来放松警惕吗? 叔本华的建议可能是“是的”)”表明叔本华的观点，下文“For example, a previous study found that individuals with strong social connections have a 50% increased likelihood of survival. Additionally, the National Institute on Aging reports that the health risks of long-term isolation (隔离) are equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. (例如，一项分析了148项涉及308,849名参与者的研究的综述发现，拥有强大社交关系的个体生存的可能性增加了50%。此外，国家老龄化研究所报告称，长期隔离的健康风险相当于每天抽15支烟。)”通过研究表明亲密关系的好处，与叔本华的观点相反，A选项“However, modern research offers a different perspective. (然而，现代研究提供了不同的观点。)”起到转折作用，引出下文与叔本华观点不同的现代研究内容，符合语境。故选A项。 4．下文“Psychological therapist Hilary Sanders explains that behaviors like isolation or anger can serve as survival strategies during childhood. While these defenses may provide short-term protection, they can block meaningful connections if they persist. (心理治疗师希拉里·桑德斯解释说，像孤立或愤怒这样的行为在童年时期可以作为生存策略。虽然这些防御机制可能提供短期保护，但如果持续下去，它们可能会阻碍有意义的联系。)”说明一些防御行为的起源和影响，C选项“Most of the defensive reactions originate from early experiences. (大多数防御反应源于早期经历。)”中的“defensive reactions”与下文“these defenses”相呼应，且概括了下文关于防御行为起源的内容，引出下文具体解释，符合语境。故选C项。 5．上文“Yes，there are risks in exposing our true selves and emotions，but unlike hedgehogs，humans don’t come with the quills. (是的，暴露真实的自我和情感存在风险，但与刺猬不同，人类没有天生的刺。)”指出人类与刺猬的不同，下文“So when we learn to lower our defenses for safe people, there’s a chance we actually can have it all — the warmth of genuine relationships without the fear of being hurt. (所以，当我们学会为可靠的人放下防备时，我们实际上有可能拥有一切——真正关系的温暖而无需害怕受伤。)”说明人类可以为可靠的人放下防备，G 选项“We have the capacity to choose whom we trust and how we protect ourselves.  (我们有能力选择我们信任的人，以及如何保护自己。)”承上启下，既体现了人类与刺猬的不同，即人类有选择和保护自己的能力，又引出下文为可靠的人放下防备的内容，符合语境。故选G项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $