焦点 08 阅读填空之首字母填空-备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏镇江）

焦点08 阅读填空之首字母填空 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、首字母填空题型概述​ 首字母填空是江苏镇江中考英语的核心题型之一，以“语篇为载体，语境为核心”，要求根据短文内容及首字母提示，填入符合语法、逻辑及语义的单词（需正确变形）。该题型占分约10%（10分），重点考查词汇综合运用能力、语法应用能力及语篇逻辑推理能力，是拉开分数差距的关键题型之一。 核心特点： 语境依赖性：需结合上下文逻辑、情感线索及固定搭配选择词汇（如“keep a balance”需根据“study and hobbies”的语境选择“keep”）； 语法综合性：考查动词时态（如一般过去时、现在完成时）、语态（被动语态）、非谓语动词（不定式/动名词）及主谓一致（如“Every student ___ (have) a book”需填“has”）； 本土特色：常融入镇江或江苏地域文化元素（如“Zhenjiang vinegar”“Yangzhou garden culture”），需积累相关专有名词及基础表达。 二、2026年镇江中考首字母填空重难点分析​ 结合镇江近年中考命题特点（如2024年“十二生肖”主题、2023年“筷子与刀叉”主题）及2026年考试趋势，首字母填空的重难点主要集中在以下四个方面： 1. 词汇与语境推断：一词多义与熟词生义的误用​ 难点：需根据上下文逻辑推测词义，尤其关注一词多义（如“bank”可指“银行”或“河岸”）及熟词生义（如“light”作动词指“点燃”，作名词指“光”）。例如，在“镇江香醋的制作工艺中，需要___ (light) 火来发酵”一句中，“light”需理解为“点燃”（动词），而非“光”（名词）。 重点：需结合上下文的情感线索（如“happy”“sad”）或逻辑关联（如“pollution”与“reduce”）判断词义。例如，在“为了保护野生动物，政府建立了自然保护区”一句中，“保护区”需填“reserve”（而非“park”），因“reserve”更符合“保护”的语境。 2. 语法综合运用：时态、语态与非谓语动词的混淆​ 难点：动词时态（如“by the time”后需用过去完成时）、被动语态（“be + 过去分词”，如“ The book was written by Lu Xun”）及非谓语动词（“to do/doing/done”，如“enjoy doing”）的误判。例如，在“当我到达教室时，老师正在写黑板”一句中，“写”需填“was writing”（过去进行时），而非“wrote”（一般过去时）。 重点：需掌握时态标志词（如“yesterday”→一般过去时、“since”→现在完成时）、被动语态的时态变化（如“is built”→一般现在时被动）及非谓语动词的固定搭配（如“want to do”“decide to do”）。 3. 逻辑关系判断：隐性逻辑与干扰项的排除​ 难点：通过上下文因果、转折、递进等关系确定答案（如“but”表转折，前后词性需一致）。例如，在“虽然下雨，但我们还是去了公园”一句中，“但”需填“but”（而非“and”），因“but”表转折。 重点：关注逻辑信号词（如“however”“therefore”“because”）及代词指代（如“it”指代前文的“香醋工艺”）。例如，在“恒顺香醋是中国著名的调味品，它有超过1400年的历史”一句中，“它”需填“it”（指代“Zhenjiang vinegar”），确保逻辑连贯。 4. 固定搭配与习语：文化背景相关的短语误用​ 难点：文化背景相关的短语（如“make progress”“take place”）及教材高频搭配（如“be good at”“depend on”）的误用。例如，在“为了学好英语，我们需要每天练习”一句中，“练习”需填“practice”（而非“do”），因“practice doing”是固定搭配。 重点：需熟记教材高频搭配（如“look forward to doing”“be interested in”）及文化背景短语（如“Spring Festival”“Mid-Autumn Festival”）。 三、2026年镇江中考首字母填空解题步骤​ 首字母填空的核心是“语境优先、语法辅助、逻辑验证”，具体步骤如下： 1. 通读全文，把握主旨（Skim for Main Idea）​ 操作：快速浏览短文（30秒内），标记首段主题句及段落首尾句，理解文章大意（如“十二生肖的文化影响”“筷子与刀叉的差异”）。例如，首句为“Zodiac animals are important to the Chinese people for long”，可判断文章主题是“十二生肖的文化意义”。 关键：忽略空格，重点关注时间状语（如“yesterday”“now”）、逻辑词（如“but”“because”）及代词（如“they”“it”），为后续填词打下基础。 2. 分析句子结构，锁定词性（Analyze Sentence Structure）​ 操作：根据空格前后语法结构判断词性（如名词、动词、形容词）。例如： 空格前是“a/an/the”→ 填名词（如“a ___ (develop) plan”→“developing”，动名词作定语）； 空格前是“be动词”→ 填形容词或动词-ing/过去分词（如“is ___ (interest)”→“interesting”，形容词作表语）； 空格前是“情态动词”→ 填动词原形（如“can ___ (do)”→“do”）。 关键：通过语法结构缩小候选词范围（如首字母“c”可能为“collect”“create”，需根据词性筛选）。 3. 上下文线索推理（Infer Meaning from Context）​ 操作：结合上下文逻辑（因果、转折、递进）及首字母提示，推断词义。例如： 逻辑提示词：“but”表转折→ 填反义词（如“easy”→“difficult”）；“so”表因果→ 填表结果的动词（如“achieve”）； 代词指代：“it”指代前文的“香醋工艺”→ 填“it”（而非“they”）； 固定搭配：“keep a balance”→ 填“keep”（而非“make”）。 关键：避免“伪首字母”陷阱（如首字母“p”可能填“problem”或“plan”，需根据后文“解决环境问题”选择“plan”）。 4. 检查答案合理性（Verify Answers）​ 操作：填完后通读全文，检查以下内容： 语法正确性：动词时态（如“yesterday”→“went”）、主谓一致（如“she”→“goes”）、词性（如“形容词”修饰名词）； 逻辑连贯性：上下文语义是否通顺（如“虽然下雨，但我们去了公园”→ 逻辑合理）； 拼写正确性：单词拼写（如“beautiful”而非“beautifu”）、首字母大小写（如句首“China”而非“china”）。 四、2026年镇江中考首字母填空预测分析​ 结合镇江近年中考命题趋势（如2024年“十二生肖”、2023年“筷子与刀叉”）及2026年考试动态，首字母填空的预测分析如下： 1. 高频主题预测​ 传统文化：镇江非遗故事（如“蓝印花布工艺”“恒顺香醋酿造”）、历史人物（如“张謇的教育理念”）、传统节日（如“镇江金山寺庙会”）； 社会热点：青少年心理健康（如“如何应对学习压力”）、社区志愿服务（如“垃圾分类宣传”）、科技环保（如“镇江海上风电”“碳中和校园行动”）； 本土特色：镇江景点（如“金山寺”“北固山”“焦山”）、美食（如“锅盖面”“水晶肴肉”）、文化符号（如“Zhenjiang culture”“traditional craft”）。 2. 创新题型预测​ 多模态文本：结合图片或表格信息填空（如根据“香醋制作流程图”描述步骤）、听力材料（如根据“镇江景点介绍”选择词汇）； 跨学科整合：融合地理（如“京杭大运河镇江段的作用”）、历史（如“金山寺的历史事件”）、化学（如“恒顺香醋的发酵工艺”）； 任务型选词：补全对话（如“为镇江旅游设计英文宣传标语”）、建议信（如“给镇江市政府的环境保护建议”）。 3. 难度提升点预测​ 隐性逻辑：依赖语义而非显性连接词（如“The lights dimmed, ___ the audience fell silent”→“and”，表顺承）； 一词多义：如“light”（名词“光线”/动词“点燃”/形容词“轻的”）在不同语境中的用法（如“ The light in the room is too bright”→“光线”；“Please light the candle”→“点燃”）； 文化深度：融入镇江文化的深层内涵（如“金山寺的佛教文化”、“恒顺香醋的百年传承”），需理解相关术语（如“Buddhist culture”“craftsmanship”）。 4. 备考建议​ 词汇积累：分主题记忆高频词（如文化类“heritage conservation”“traditional craft”；环保类“recyclable”“carbon emission”），整理固定搭配（如“look forward to”“depend on”）； 语法强化：专项训练动词时态（如“by the time”后需用过去完成时）、被动语态（如“be + 过去分词”）及非谓语动词（如“to do/doing”）； 逻辑训练：每日完成1篇首字母填空（8分钟内），用思维导图梳理文章逻辑（如因果链、对比关系）； 本土特色：积累镇江文化词汇（如“Zhenjiang vinegar”“Jinshan Temple”“Beigu Hill”），避免因文化盲区导致误选。 五、总结​ 2026年江苏镇江中考英语首字母填空将延续“综合能力导向”，重点考查词汇辨析、逻辑推理及文化理解能力。备考需紧扣文化传承、社会热点、科技环保等主题，强化长难句分析与本土化词汇积累，同时通过限时训练提升速度与准确率。考前需重点复习易错语法点（如主谓一致、固定搭配），确保考场从容应对。 【基础题】 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 Chinese knotting (中国结) is a special kind of hand-made art in China. It 1 (have) a long history. People make it with just one silk thread from start to finish. Chinese knots 2 (be) very pretty. They come in many colors, have rich meanings, and are 3 (love) by people from all over the world. Chinese knotting is a symbol of Chinese traditional culture. It shows the special charm (魅力) of China, just 4 Chinese operas, calligraphy, painting, food, musical instruments, and paper-cutting. It shows the best parts of traditional Chinese culture 5 the wisdom of the Chinese people. In China, Chinese knots are 6 (luck) decorations. They bring good 7 (wish) for family togetherness, closeness, harmony, and warmth. They 8 (real) show the deep connection among Chinese people. The Chinese character “Jie” sounds similar 9 “Ji”. “Ji” means good fortune, a long life, 10 (happy), wealth, safety, and health. These are things that people always want. 【答案】 1．has 2．are 3．loved 4．like 5．and 6．lucky 7．wishes 8．really 9．to 10．happiness 【难度】0.85 【知识点】传统工艺、中华文化 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国结的历史、特点、文化象征意义及其蕴含的美好寓意，展现了其作为中国传统文化符号的魅力和价值。 1． 句意：它有很长的历史。根据语境可知，这里描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语 “It” 是第三人称单数，动词要用第三人称单数形式。“have” 的第三人称单数是 “has”。故填 has。   2．句意：中国结非常漂亮。这里描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“Chinese knots” 是复数，be 动词用 “are”。故填 are。 3．句意：它们有许多颜色，有丰富的含义，并且受到来自世界各地的人们的喜爱。“be loved by...” 表示“被……喜爱”，这里要用动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态，“love” 的过去分词是 “loved”。故填 loved。   4． 句意：它就像中国戏曲、书法、绘画、美食、乐器和剪纸一样，展现了中国独特的魅力。just like 意为“就像，正如”，符合语境。故填 like。   5．句意：它展现了传统中国文化的精华和中国人的智慧。这里表示并列关系，“and” 意为“和，并且”，符合语境。故填 and。 6．句意：在中国，中国结是幸运的装饰品。“luck” 是名词“运气”，这里要用形容词修饰名词 “decorations”，“lucky” 是形容词，意为“幸运的”，符合语境。故填 lucky。 7．句意：它们给家庭带来和睦、亲密、和谐和温暖的美好祝愿。“wish” 作为“愿望”讲时，常用复数形式 “wishes”。故填 wishes。 8．句意：它们真正展现了中国人的深厚情谊。“real” 是形容词“真实的”，这里要用副词修饰动词 “show”，“really” 是副词，意为“真正地”，符合语境。故填 really。 9．句意：“结” 这个汉字的发音与 “吉” 相似。“sound similar to” 表示“听起来与……相似”，是固定短语。故填 to。   10．句意：“吉” 意味着好运、长寿、幸福、财富、安全和健康。“and” 连接并列的名词，“happiness” 是名词，意为“幸福”，与 “good fortune, a long life, wealth, safety, and health” 并列。故填 happiness。 B 在空白处填入一个适当的虚词，或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 A sparrow (麻雀) made a nest (巢) in a big forest tree. When the winter season came, some monkeys reached the tree. They 1 (think) it would be better to stay under that tree to avoid the cold. They started talking about how 2 (drive) the cold away. There were some dry 3 (leaf) and wood lying nearby. Seeing them, the monkeys collected them and wanted to burn them so 4 they would not feel cold. Then those monkeys started thinking of ideas to light them. The sparrow in the tree was listening to the talk of the monkeys. She advised the monkeys to keep 5 (warmer) by building their own house. One monkey said 6 (angry), “You do your business! There is no need to speak between 7 (we)!” Then the monkeys caught a firefly (萤火虫) and tried to use the firefly to make 8 fire. But they could not 9 (successful). The sparrow cried, “Fool! Light fires 10 stones!” An angry monkey, hearing this, climbed up and broke her nest. 【答案】 1．thought 2．to drive 3．leaves 4．that 5．warm 6．angrily 7．us 8．a 9．succeed 10．with 【难度】0.85 【知识点】寓言童话、哲理感悟 【导语】本文是一篇关于猴子和麻雀的寓言童话。告诉我们要虚心听取建议，理性解决问题，而不是盲目行动或迁怒他人。 1．句意：他们认为待在树下避寒会更好。根据“They…it would be better to stay under that tree to avoid the cold.”可知，此处表达他们认为，时态为一般过去时，thought“认为”符合句意。故填thought。 2．句意：他们开始讨论如何驱散寒冷。根据“They started talking about how…the cold away.”可知，此处用“how to do”结构表达“如何驱散”，所以用动词不定式to drive。故填to drive。 3．句意：附近有一些干叶子和木头。根据“There were some dry…and wood lying nearby.”可知，some修饰名词复数形式，leaf的复数形式leaves“叶子”。故填leaves。 4．句意：看到她们，猴子们收集了它们，想点燃它们，这样他们就不会感到冷。根据“so…they would not feel cold”可知，此处是so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”。故填that。 5．句意：她建议猴子们通过建造自己的房子来保暖。根据“keep…”可知，此处用“keep+形容词”表示保持某种状态，keep warm“保暖”。故填warm。 6．句意：一只猴子生气地说：“你管好你自己的事！我们之间不需要你插嘴！”。根据“One monkey said…”可知，副词修饰动词said，angrily“生气地”。故填angrily。 7．句意：一只猴子生气地说：“你管好你自己的事！我们之间不需要你插嘴！”根据“between…”可知，介词后用宾格，us“我们”，we的宾格形式。故填us。 8．句意：然后猴子们捉了一只萤火虫，试图用它生火。根据“make…fire”可知，make a fire“生火”，动词短语。故填a。 9．句意：但他们没能成功。根据“could not…”可知，情态动词后接动词原形，succeed“成功”，动词原形。故填succeed。 10．句意：麻雀喊道：“笨蛋！用石头点火！”。根据“Light fires…stones!”可知，此处表示工具，with“用”符合句意。故填with。 【提升题】 A 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 A trip to Xinjiang changes my view Before this trip, I thought Xinjiang was only a place of “big views”—big deserts, wide grasslands and open skies. What surprised me most was not how vast everything was, but how Xinjiang made me slow down and see things 1 (different). At Sayram Lake (赛里木湖), my family planned 2 (take) many photos, but we ended up putting our phones away. The lake was so blue 3 it almost looked unreal, as if someone had dropped a piece of the sky onto the ground. As I sat there longer, my thoughts grew 4 (quiet) too. I wasn’t excited or amazed; I was calm. It made me realize that travel doesn’t always need strong 5 (feeling). There’s no need to chase after every photo or every “wow” moment. Sometimes, you 6 (teach) by the place about how to be still. The Dushanzi Grand Canyon (独山子大峡谷) gave me the opposite lesson. Standing at the edge, I didn’t feel brave at all. I was careful. 7 canyon didn’t seem to welcome humans; it just existed (存在), whether we were there or not. That made me think: Nature doesn’t need 8 (we) to admire it. We are the visitors, not the owners. That’s why more and more people are interested 9 nature. Xinjiang 10 (change) my idea of travel so far. It wasn’t about checking off landmarks or taking perfect photos, nor was it about seeing more. It was about pausing to listen to the world around me and thinking deeper about my place in it—a lesson I’ll carry with me long after leaving this amazing land. 【答案】 1．differently 2．to take 3．that 4．quieter 5．feelings 6． are taught 7．The 8．us 9．in 10．has changed 【难度】0.65 【知识点】旅行、哲理感悟、记叙文 【导语】本文讲述作者新疆之行改变了对旅行的认知，学会慢下来感受自然，明白人类是自然的访客。 1．句意：最让我惊讶的是新疆让我慢下来，用不同的方式看待事物。动词see后接副词作状语，different的副词形式是differently。 2．句意：我的家人计划拍很多照片。固定搭配plan to do sth. 表示“计划做某事”。 3．句意：湖水如此湛蓝，以至于看起来几乎不真实。so后面接形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句，so...that...是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。 4．句意：我的思绪也变得更平静了。前文longer提示用比较级，quiet的比较级是quieter。 5．句意：旅行并不总是需要强烈的情感。形容词strong后接名词，feeling为可数名词，此处用复数。 6．句意：有时这个地方会教你如何保持沉静。by the place提示被动语态，时态为一般现在时，主语为you。 7．句意：这条峡谷似乎并不欢迎人类。此处特指独山子大峡谷，用定冠词The。 8．句意：自然不需要我们去欣赏它。动词need后接宾格作宾语，we的宾格是us。 9．句意：这就是为什么越来越多的人对自然感兴趣。固定搭配be interested in 表示“对……感兴趣”。 10．句意：到目前为止，新疆已经改变了我对旅行的看法。so far是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，主语是Xinjiang，所以用has changed。 B 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Have you noticed that the picture of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), looks different in your history books now? For many years, students saw the emperor with a “shoehorn face (鞋拔子脸)”—a long, narrow face with a chin (下巴) that sticks out. However, he now looks 1 (handsome) than before. This change started in Grade 7 textbooks 2 2024. Historians say there are mainly two 3 (type) of pictures of Zhu. One shows him with a round face and a wide forehead, called the zhengxing portrait (正形象). The other, known as the yixing portrait (异形象), shows him with a narrow face and a sticking-out chin. Most historians now think the zhengxing portrait is closer to how Zhu actually looked, as 4 (he) son Zhu Di also had a round face. Why are there two types of portraits? Professor Jin Wen from Nanjing Normal University explains that the yixing portrait became popular because of old ideas. People 5 (think) that if a ruler looked different, it was a sign from heaven (上天). People would trust 6 ruler more. Zhu used this portrait 7 (hide) his real face for safety reasons and to meet people’s curiosity. Today, the Zhengxing portrait 8 (use) in textbooks and museums. This change helps students learn history more 9 (correct). Professor Lin Wei from Zhejiang University says that using the correct portrait shows respect for historical people 10 improves history education. 【答案】 1．more handsome 2．in 3．types 4．his 5．thought 6．the 7．to hide 8．is used 9．correctly 10．and 【难度】0.65 【知识点】语言与文化、说明文 【导语】本文主要讲述了朱元璋画像的变化，包括不同类型画像的特点、存在两种画像的原因以及如今正形象画像在教材和博物馆的使用及其意义。 1．句意：然而，他现在看起来比以前更帅了。根据“than before”可知，此处应用比较级，handsome的比较级是more handsome。故填more handsome。 2．句意：这种变化始于2024年的七年级教材。在年份前用介词in，表示“在……年”。故填in。 3．句意：历史学家表示，朱元璋的画像主要有两种类型。根据“two”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，type的复数是types。故填types。 4．句意：大多数历史学家现在认为正形象画像更接近朱元璋的真实长相，因为他的儿子朱棣也是圆脸。此处修饰名词“son”，应用形容词性物主代词his，表示“他的”。故填his。 5．句意：人们认为如果统治者长相与众不同，那是上天的旨意。根据“a ruler looked different”可知，此处描述过去人们的想法，应用一般过去时，think的过去式是thought。故填thought。 6．句意：人们会更信任这位统治者。此处特指前面提到的“a ruler”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 7．句意：朱元璋出于安全原因并为了满足人们的好奇心而使用这种画像来隐藏他的真实面容。use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to hide。故填to hide。 8．句意：如今，正形象画像被用于教材和博物馆中。主语“the Zhengxing portrait”与动词use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构是be+过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用is，use的过去分词是used。故填is used。 9．句意：这种变化有助于学生更正确地学习历史。此处修饰动词“learn”，应用副词correctly，表示“正确地”。故填correctly。 10．句意：浙江大学的林伟教授表示，使用正确的画像表达了对历史人物的尊重并改善了历史教育。此处“shows respect for historical people”和“improves history education”是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 【拔高题】 A 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词的正确形式填空。 Qian Xuesen was one of the 1 (great) Chinese scientists of modern times. People call him the “father of China’s space program” for the work he did in helping develop the country’s 2 (one) rockets, missiles(导弹) and satellites. He helped China become a center for technology 3 enter a new space age. Qian was born in Shanghai in 1911. He went to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and then 4 (take) a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) in the USA in 1935, From there, he moved to the California Institute of Technology(Caltech), where he became 5 expert(专家) in aerodynamics(空气动力学) and jet propulsion(喷气推进). One of his university teachers at Caltech described him 6 a genius. In 1950, he decided 7 (return) to China, but the American government tried to stop him from 8 (leave) and even from moving around freely in California. At last, in 1955, he was able to return to China. Back home, Qian at once began helping China develop a space program. He started the Institute of Mechanics in Beijing, where he trained young scientists. He worked on many important space 9 (project). In 1960, China’s first rocket and first missile were launched(发射) 10 (successful). In 1970, China launched its first satellite. It is largely because of Qian’s work that China so quickly developed a space program, and became only the third country to send a manned rocket into space in 2003. He will always be remembered for his great contributions(贡献). 【答案】 1．greatest 2．first 3．and 4．took 5．an 6．as 7．to return 8．leaving 9．projects 10．successfully 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学家 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家钱学森。 1．句意：钱学森是中国近代最伟大的科学家之一。固定句型one of the+形容词最高级+比较范围“……中最……之一”，great的最高级是greatest。故填greatest。 2．句意：人们称他为“中国太空计划之父”，因为他帮助开发了中国第一批火箭、导弹和卫星。one表示“一个”，此处指的是“第一批火箭、导弹和卫星”，表示顺序，所以用序数词first。故填first。 3．句意：他帮助中国成为进入新太空时代的技术中心。空格前后的become和enter是并列关系。故填and。 4．句意：他去了上海交通大学，然后在1935年获得奖学金在美国麻省理工学院学习。由前句went可知，此处是一般过去时。故填took。 5．句意：从那里，他搬到加州理工学院，在那里他成为一名空气动力学和喷气推进学的专家。expert表示“专家”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且expert是以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 6．句意：他在加州理工学院的一位老师称他为天才。describe...as表示“把……描述为”，是固定搭配。故填as。 7．句意：1950年，他决定返回中国，但美国政府试图阻止他离开，甚至阻止他在加州自由活动。decide to do sth表示“决定做某事”。故填to return。 8．句意：1950年，他决定返回中国，但美国政府试图阻止他离开，甚至阻止他在加州自由活动。stop sb from doing sth表示“阻止某人做某事”，所以空处用动名词作宾语。故填leaving。 9．句意：他参与了许多重要的太空项目。project表示“项目”，是可数名词，由前句many可知，此处用复数形式。故填projects。 10．句意：1960年，中国成功地发射了第一枚火箭和第一枚导弹。此处修饰动词were launched，所以用successful的副词形式successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 On February 13, 2023, Wu Yibing made history, beating John Isner at the Dallas Open. For many Chinese, Wu’s winning the ATP title seemed like 1 dream. Wu Yibing became the first Chinese tennis player 2 （lift） an AT Your trophy（奖杯）. Wu’s second given name, bing, 3 （mean）light in Chinese. Now, the 23-year-old, just like a beam of light, flashes into Chinese tennis. “I’m very proud of myself, especially thanks to all the 4 （fan）and my team who came here to support me. I couldn’t do this 5 any of you guys.” Influenced by the pandemic（疫情）, Wu hardly 6 （play）any international matches during the two years. Also, he had injuries 7 could not lift his right arm completely. When Wu went abroad to compete at the 8 （begin）of this season, his world ranking was still below 1740th. “We all have to go through difficulties 9 we grow up. With all my injuries, I can now enjoy 10 （my）in my career,” he added. 【答案】 1．a 2．lifting 3．means 4．fans 5．without 6．played 7．and 8．beginning 9．when 10．myself 【难度】0.4 【知识点】励志故事、体育名人 【导语】本文主要讲述了运动员吴易昺夺得ATP巡回赛冠军，创中国网球新历史，讲述了他在走向成功这条路上的不易。 1．句意：对于许多中国人来说，吴易昺赢得ATP冠军就像一个梦。此处表示泛指，且dream是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。 2．句意：吴易昺成为第一个举起AT Your奖杯的中国网球运动员。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词became，所以此空应填非谓语动词。主语Wu Yibing与lift是主动关系，此空应填现在分词，故填lifting。 3．句意：吴的第二个名字，昺，在中文里是光明的意思。此句是陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数形式，动词用三单，故填means。 4．句意：我为自己感到骄傲，尤其要感谢所有来这里支持我的球迷和我的团队。根据all可知，此空应填复数形式，故填fans。 55．句意：没有你们，我做不到。根据“especially thanks to all the…and my team who came here to support me”及“I couldn’t do this… any of you guys”可知，没有这些人的支持，做不到这样的成绩，without“没有”，故填without。 56．句意：受疫情影响，吴在这两年几乎没有参加任何国际比赛。描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填played。 57．句意：此外，他受伤了，不能完全抬起右臂。“he had injuries”与“could not lift his right arm completely”是并列关系，故填and。 58．句意：当吴易昺在本赛季初出国比赛时，他的世界排名还低于1740。at the beginning of“在……的开始”，固定搭配，故填beginning。 59．句意：当我们成长时，我们都要经历困难。根据“We all have to go through difficulties…we grow up.”可知，此处应填when引导时间状语从句，故填when。 60．句意：尽管伤病缠身，我现在可以享受我的职业生涯了。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，此空应填反身代词，故填myself。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点08 阅读填空之首字母填空 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、首字母填空题型概述​ 首字母填空是江苏镇江中考英语的核心题型之一，以“语篇为载体，语境为核心”，要求根据短文内容及首字母提示，填入符合语法、逻辑及语义的单词（需正确变形）。该题型占分约10%（10分），重点考查词汇综合运用能力、语法应用能力及语篇逻辑推理能力，是拉开分数差距的关键题型之一。 核心特点： 语境依赖性：需结合上下文逻辑、情感线索及固定搭配选择词汇（如“keep a balance”需根据“study and hobbies”的语境选择“keep”）； 语法综合性：考查动词时态（如一般过去时、现在完成时）、语态（被动语态）、非谓语动词（不定式/动名词）及主谓一致（如“Every student ___ (have) a book”需填“has”）； 本土特色：常融入镇江或江苏地域文化元素（如“Zhenjiang vinegar”“Yangzhou garden culture”），需积累相关专有名词及基础表达。 二、2026年镇江中考首字母填空重难点分析​ 结合镇江近年中考命题特点（如2024年“十二生肖”主题、2023年“筷子与刀叉”主题）及2026年考试趋势，首字母填空的重难点主要集中在以下四个方面： 1. 词汇与语境推断：一词多义与熟词生义的误用​ 难点：需根据上下文逻辑推测词义，尤其关注一词多义（如“bank”可指“银行”或“河岸”）及熟词生义（如“light”作动词指“点燃”，作名词指“光”）。例如，在“镇江香醋的制作工艺中，需要___ (light) 火来发酵”一句中，“light”需理解为“点燃”（动词），而非“光”（名词）。 重点：需结合上下文的情感线索（如“happy”“sad”）或逻辑关联（如“pollution”与“reduce”）判断词义。例如，在“为了保护野生动物，政府建立了自然保护区”一句中，“保护区”需填“reserve”（而非“park”），因“reserve”更符合“保护”的语境。 2. 语法综合运用：时态、语态与非谓语动词的混淆​ 难点：动词时态（如“by the time”后需用过去完成时）、被动语态（“be + 过去分词”，如“ The book was written by Lu Xun”）及非谓语动词（“to do/doing/done”，如“enjoy doing”）的误判。例如，在“当我到达教室时，老师正在写黑板”一句中，“写”需填“was writing”（过去进行时），而非“wrote”（一般过去时）。 重点：需掌握时态标志词（如“yesterday”→一般过去时、“since”→现在完成时）、被动语态的时态变化（如“is built”→一般现在时被动）及非谓语动词的固定搭配（如“want to do”“decide to do”）。 3. 逻辑关系判断：隐性逻辑与干扰项的排除​ 难点：通过上下文因果、转折、递进等关系确定答案（如“but”表转折，前后词性需一致）。例如，在“虽然下雨，但我们还是去了公园”一句中，“但”需填“but”（而非“and”），因“but”表转折。 重点：关注逻辑信号词（如“however”“therefore”“because”）及代词指代（如“it”指代前文的“香醋工艺”）。例如，在“恒顺香醋是中国著名的调味品，它有超过1400年的历史”一句中，“它”需填“it”（指代“Zhenjiang vinegar”），确保逻辑连贯。 4. 固定搭配与习语：文化背景相关的短语误用​ 难点：文化背景相关的短语（如“make progress”“take place”）及教材高频搭配（如“be good at”“depend on”）的误用。例如，在“为了学好英语，我们需要每天练习”一句中，“练习”需填“practice”（而非“do”），因“practice doing”是固定搭配。 重点：需熟记教材高频搭配（如“look forward to doing”“be interested in”）及文化背景短语（如“Spring Festival”“Mid-Autumn Festival”）。 三、2026年镇江中考首字母填空解题步骤​ 首字母填空的核心是“语境优先、语法辅助、逻辑验证”，具体步骤如下： 1. 通读全文，把握主旨（Skim for Main Idea）​ 操作：快速浏览短文（30秒内），标记首段主题句及段落首尾句，理解文章大意（如“十二生肖的文化影响”“筷子与刀叉的差异”）。例如，首句为“Zodiac animals are important to the Chinese people for long”，可判断文章主题是“十二生肖的文化意义”。 关键：忽略空格，重点关注时间状语（如“yesterday”“now”）、逻辑词（如“but”“because”）及代词（如“they”“it”），为后续填词打下基础。 2. 分析句子结构，锁定词性（Analyze Sentence Structure）​ 操作：根据空格前后语法结构判断词性（如名词、动词、形容词）。例如： 空格前是“a/an/the”→ 填名词（如“a ___ (develop) plan”→“developing”，动名词作定语）； 空格前是“be动词”→ 填形容词或动词-ing/过去分词（如“is ___ (interest)”→“interesting”，形容词作表语）； 空格前是“情态动词”→ 填动词原形（如“can ___ (do)”→“do”）。 关键：通过语法结构缩小候选词范围（如首字母“c”可能为“collect”“create”，需根据词性筛选）。 3. 上下文线索推理（Infer Meaning from Context）​ 操作：结合上下文逻辑（因果、转折、递进）及首字母提示，推断词义。例如： 逻辑提示词：“but”表转折→ 填反义词（如“easy”→“difficult”）；“so”表因果→ 填表结果的动词（如“achieve”）； 代词指代：“it”指代前文的“香醋工艺”→ 填“it”（而非“they”）； 固定搭配：“keep a balance”→ 填“keep”（而非“make”）。 关键：避免“伪首字母”陷阱（如首字母“p”可能填“problem”或“plan”，需根据后文“解决环境问题”选择“plan”）。 4. 检查答案合理性（Verify Answers）​ 操作：填完后通读全文，检查以下内容： 语法正确性：动词时态（如“yesterday”→“went”）、主谓一致（如“she”→“goes”）、词性（如“形容词”修饰名词）； 逻辑连贯性：上下文语义是否通顺（如“虽然下雨，但我们去了公园”→ 逻辑合理）； 拼写正确性：单词拼写（如“beautiful”而非“beautifu”）、首字母大小写（如句首“China”而非“china”）。 四、2026年镇江中考首字母填空预测分析​ 结合镇江近年中考命题趋势（如2024年“十二生肖”、2023年“筷子与刀叉”）及2026年考试动态，首字母填空的预测分析如下： 1. 高频主题预测​ 传统文化：镇江非遗故事（如“蓝印花布工艺”“恒顺香醋酿造”）、历史人物（如“张謇的教育理念”）、传统节日（如“镇江金山寺庙会”）； 社会热点：青少年心理健康（如“如何应对学习压力”）、社区志愿服务（如“垃圾分类宣传”）、科技环保（如“镇江海上风电”“碳中和校园行动”）； 本土特色：镇江景点（如“金山寺”“北固山”“焦山”）、美食（如“锅盖面”“水晶肴肉”）、文化符号（如“Zhenjiang culture”“traditional craft”）。 2. 创新题型预测​ 多模态文本：结合图片或表格信息填空（如根据“香醋制作流程图”描述步骤）、听力材料（如根据“镇江景点介绍”选择词汇）； 跨学科整合：融合地理（如“京杭大运河镇江段的作用”）、历史（如“金山寺的历史事件”）、化学（如“恒顺香醋的发酵工艺”）； 任务型选词：补全对话（如“为镇江旅游设计英文宣传标语”）、建议信（如“给镇江市政府的环境保护建议”）。 3. 难度提升点预测​ 隐性逻辑：依赖语义而非显性连接词（如“The lights dimmed, ___ the audience fell silent”→“and”，表顺承）； 一词多义：如“light”（名词“光线”/动词“点燃”/形容词“轻的”）在不同语境中的用法（如“ The light in the room is too bright”→“光线”；“Please light the candle”→“点燃”）； 文化深度：融入镇江文化的深层内涵（如“金山寺的佛教文化”、“恒顺香醋的百年传承”），需理解相关术语（如“Buddhist culture”“craftsmanship”）。 4. 备考建议​ 词汇积累：分主题记忆高频词（如文化类“heritage conservation”“traditional craft”；环保类“recyclable”“carbon emission”），整理固定搭配（如“look forward to”“depend on”）； 语法强化：专项训练动词时态（如“by the time”后需用过去完成时）、被动语态（如“be + 过去分词”）及非谓语动词（如“to do/doing”）； 逻辑训练：每日完成1篇首字母填空（8分钟内），用思维导图梳理文章逻辑（如因果链、对比关系）； 本土特色：积累镇江文化词汇（如“Zhenjiang vinegar”“Jinshan Temple”“Beigu Hill”），避免因文化盲区导致误选。 五、总结​ 2026年江苏镇江中考英语首字母填空将延续“综合能力导向”，重点考查词汇辨析、逻辑推理及文化理解能力。备考需紧扣文化传承、社会热点、科技环保等主题，强化长难句分析与本土化词汇积累，同时通过限时训练提升速度与准确率。考前需重点复习易错语法点（如主谓一致、固定搭配），确保考场从容应对。 【基础题】 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 Chinese knotting (中国结) is a special kind of hand-made art in China. It 1 (have) a long history. People make it with just one silk thread from start to finish. Chinese knots 2 (be) very pretty. They come in many colors, have rich meanings, and are 3 (love) by people from all over the world. Chinese knotting is a symbol of Chinese traditional culture. It shows the special charm (魅力) of China, just 4 Chinese operas, calligraphy, painting, food, musical instruments, and paper-cutting. It shows the best parts of traditional Chinese culture 5 the wisdom of the Chinese people. In China, Chinese knots are 6 (luck) decorations. They bring good 7 (wish) for family togetherness, closeness, harmony, and warmth. They 8 (real) show the deep connection among Chinese people. The Chinese character “Jie” sounds similar 9 “Ji”. “Ji” means good fortune, a long life, 10 (happy), wealth, safety, and health. These are things that people always want. B 在空白处填入一个适当的虚词，或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 A sparrow (麻雀) made a nest (巢) in a big forest tree. When the winter season came, some monkeys reached the tree. They 1 (think) it would be better to stay under that tree to avoid the cold. They started talking about how 2 (drive) the cold away. There were some dry 3 (leaf) and wood lying nearby. Seeing them, the monkeys collected them and wanted to burn them so 4 they would not feel cold. Then those monkeys started thinking of ideas to light them. The sparrow in the tree was listening to the talk of the monkeys. She advised the monkeys to keep 5 (warmer) by building their own house. One monkey said 6 (angry), “You do your business! There is no need to speak between 7 (we)!” Then the monkeys caught a firefly (萤火虫) and tried to use the firefly to make 8 fire. But they could not 9 (successful). The sparrow cried, “Fool! Light fires 10 stones!” An angry monkey, hearing this, climbed up and broke her nest. 【提升题】 A 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 A trip to Xinjiang changes my view Before this trip, I thought Xinjiang was only a place of “big views”—big deserts, wide grasslands and open skies. What surprised me most was not how vast everything was, but how Xinjiang made me slow down and see things 1 (different). At Sayram Lake (赛里木湖), my family planned 2 (take) many photos, but we ended up putting our phones away. The lake was so blue 3 it almost looked unreal, as if someone had dropped a piece of the sky onto the ground. As I sat there longer, my thoughts grew 4 (quiet) too. I wasn’t excited or amazed; I was calm. It made me realize that travel doesn’t always need strong 5 (feeling). There’s no need to chase after every photo or every “wow” moment. Sometimes, you 6 (teach) by the place about how to be still. The Dushanzi Grand Canyon (独山子大峡谷) gave me the opposite lesson. Standing at the edge, I didn’t feel brave at all. I was careful. 7 canyon didn’t seem to welcome humans; it just existed (存在), whether we were there or not. That made me think: Nature doesn’t need 8 (we) to admire it. We are the visitors, not the owners. That’s why more and more people are interested 9 nature. Xinjiang 10 (change) my idea of travel so far. It wasn’t about checking off landmarks or taking perfect photos, nor was it about seeing more. It was about pausing to listen to the world around me and thinking deeper about my place in it—a lesson I’ll carry with me long after leaving this amazing land. B 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Have you noticed that the picture of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), looks different in your history books now? For many years, students saw the emperor with a “shoehorn face (鞋拔子脸)”—a long, narrow face with a chin (下巴) that sticks out. However, he now looks 1 (handsome) than before. This change started in Grade 7 textbooks 2 2024. Historians say there are mainly two 3 (type) of pictures of Zhu. One shows him with a round face and a wide forehead, called the zhengxing portrait (正形象). The other, known as the yixing portrait (异形象), shows him with a narrow face and a sticking-out chin. Most historians now think the zhengxing portrait is closer to how Zhu actually looked, as 4 (he) son Zhu Di also had a round face. Why are there two types of portraits? Professor Jin Wen from Nanjing Normal University explains that the yixing portrait became popular because of old ideas. People 5 (think) that if a ruler looked different, it was a sign from heaven (上天). People would trust 6 ruler more. Zhu used this portrait 7 (hide) his real face for safety reasons and to meet people’s curiosity. Today, the Zhengxing portrait 8 (use) in textbooks and museums. This change helps students learn history more 9 (correct). Professor Lin Wei from Zhejiang University says that using the correct portrait shows respect for historical people 10 improves history education. 【拔高题】 A 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词的正确形式填空。 Qian Xuesen was one of the 1 (great) Chinese scientists of modern times. People call him the “father of China’s space program” for the work he did in helping develop the country’s 2 (one) rockets, missiles(导弹) and satellites. He helped China become a center for technology 3 enter a new space age. Qian was born in Shanghai in 1911. He went to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and then 4 (take) a scholarship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) in the USA in 1935, From there, he moved to the California Institute of Technology(Caltech), where he became 5 expert(专家) in aerodynamics(空气动力学) and jet propulsion(喷气推进). One of his university teachers at Caltech described him 6 a genius. In 1950, he decided 7 (return) to China, but the American government tried to stop him from 8 (leave) and even from moving around freely in California. At last, in 1955, he was able to return to China. Back home, Qian at once began helping China develop a space program. He started the Institute of Mechanics in Beijing, where he trained young scientists. He worked on many important space 9 (project). In 1960, China’s first rocket and first missile were launched(发射) 10 (successful). In 1970, China launched its first satellite. It is largely because of Qian’s work that China so quickly developed a space program, and became only the third country to send a manned rocket into space in 2003. He will always be remembered for his great contributions(贡献). B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 On February 13, 2023, Wu Yibing made history, beating John Isner at the Dallas Open. For many Chinese, Wu’s winning the ATP title seemed like 1 dream. Wu Yibing became the first Chinese tennis player 2 （lift） an AT Your trophy（奖杯）. Wu’s second given name, bing, 3 （mean）light in Chinese. Now, the 23-year-old, just like a beam of light, flashes into Chinese tennis. “I’m very proud of myself, especially thanks to all the 4 （fan）and my team who came here to support me. I couldn’t do this 5 any of you guys.” Influenced by the pandemic（疫情）, Wu hardly 6 （play）any international matches during the two years. Also, he had injuries 7 could not lift his right arm completely. When Wu went abroad to compete at the 8 （begin）of this season, his world ranking was still below 1740th. “We all have to go through difficulties 9 we grow up. With all my injuries, I can now enjoy 10 （my）in my career,” he added. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $