焦点 04 阅读理解之说明文-备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏镇江）

焦点04 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的核心重难点​ 结合2025年江苏中考英语说明文命题趋势及镇江本地考试特点，2026年镇江中考说明文的核心重难点可归纳为以下四类，其中本土文化元素的语境理解是镇江考生的独特挑战： 1. 词汇辨析：近义词与固定搭配的语境适配​ 近义词辨析：如“say/speak/tell”（强调“说”的方式与对象）、“affect/effect”（前者为动词“影响”，后者为名词“效果”）、“borrow/lend/keep”（“借入/借出/保留”的语境差异）等，需结合上下文判断最恰当的词汇。例如，2025年江苏中考真题中“ He was _____ (relieved/determined) to see his lost dog”，需根据“lost dog”（丢失的狗）的情感线索选择“relieved”（松了口气），而非“determined”（坚定的）。 固定搭配：如“look forward to（期待）”、“depend on（依靠）”、“in spite of（尽管）”等，需准确记忆并适配语境。例如，“She is good _____ (at/in) singing”需选“at”（be good at为固定搭配）。 2. 语法结构：复合句中的时态、语态与逻辑​ 时态与语态：需根据上下文判断时态一致性（如“by the time I got to school, the class _____ (had begun/was beginning)”需用过去完成时“had begun”），以及被动语态的正确使用（如“ The book _____ (write) by Lu Xun is very famous”需用“written”）。 复合句逻辑：定语从句（如“ The man _____ (who/which) helped me is my teacher”需选“who”指代人）、状语从句（如“ If it _____ (rains/rained) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic”需用“rains”遵循“主将从现”）等，需拆解长难句主干，明确逻辑关系。 3. 上下文逻辑：隐性关系与情感线索的推断​ 隐性逻辑：需通过情感色彩词（如“surprised/disappointed”）或语义转折（如“ The lights dimmed, _____ the audience fell silent”需选“and”表承接）推断逻辑关系。例如，2025年江苏中考真题中“ The old man was sad, _____ his son gave him a gift”需选“but”表转折（悲伤与收到礼物的对比）。 情感线索：需关注人物的情绪变化（如“从沮丧到惊喜”、“从紧张到放松”），例如“ She felt _____ (nervous/excited) before the exam, but after finishing it, she felt relieved”需根据“before/after”的时间差选择“nervous”（考前紧张）。 4. 本土文化：镇江特色元素的语境理解​ 文化术语：可能涉及镇江特色（如“金山寺”“恒顺香醋”“蓝印花布”），需理解相关英文表达（如“cultural heritage（文化遗产）”“traditional craft（传统工艺）”）。例如，“ Zhenjiang vinegar, a traditional _____ (craft/industry), has a history of over 1,400 years”需选“craft”（工艺），符合“传统工艺”的语境。 文化场景：如“为金山寺写英文介绍”、“濠河生态修复工程”等，需积累相关表达（如“ecological restoration（生态修复）”“tourist slogan（旅游标语）”）。 二、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的解题步骤​ 针对上述重难点，结合2025年江苏中考真题及镇江本地考试特点，系统化解题步骤可总结为以下四步，其中本土文化细节的验证是关键环节： Step 1：通读全文，把握主旨与情感基调​ 标记关键信息：快速浏览首段（主题句）、末段（总结升华）及段落首尾句，标记情感词（如“excited/worried”）、逻辑词（如“but/however/because”）和本土文化元素（如“金山寺”、“恒顺香醋”）。例如，首句“ Last summer, I went to Zhenjiang with my parents”提示文章主题为“镇江之旅”，需关注与镇江相关的内容。 判断文体与结构：说明文需关注说明对象与逻辑顺序（如时间/空间/逻辑），例如“恒顺香醋的制作流程”需按“原料→发酵→蒸馏→成品”的逻辑顺序梳理。 Step 2：逐题突破，结合上下文线索​ 词汇题：通过同义词替换（如“solve”对应“deal with”）、反义词排除（如“happy→sad”）或固定搭配（如“look forward to”）解题。例如，“ He _____ (borrowed/lent) a book from me”需根据“from me”（从我这里）选“borrowed”（借入）。 逻辑题：关注前后句因果关系（如“so→because”）、转折关系（如“but→however”）。例如，“ She wanted to go out, _____ it rained”需选“but”（转折）。 语法题：检查时态、语态一致性（如“过去时全文需统一”）或从句引导词（如“which/that”）。例如，“ The book that _____ (write) by Lu Xun is very famous”需选“was written”（被动语态）。 Step 3：验证答案，确保逻辑连贯​ 代入验证：将选项代入原文，通读句子，检查主谓一致、时态统一及情感一致性。例如，“ She is good at singing”代入后符合“擅长唱歌”的语境。 排除干扰项：排除绝对化词汇（如“only/absolutely”）或不符合语境的选项（如“ The lights dimmed, so the audience fell silent”中的“so”符合逻辑，需排除“but”）。 Step 4：本土文化细节检验​ 结合镇江元素：若文章涉及镇江特色（如“金山寺”、“恒顺香醋”），需验证答案是否符合本土文化语境。例如，“ Zhenjiang vinegar is a traditional craft”符合“传统工艺”的文化内涵，而“industry”（工业）则偏离了“传统”的语境。 三、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的预测分析​ 结合2025年江苏中考英语说明文命题趋势及镇江本地特色，2026年镇江中考说明文的命题方向与备考建议如下： 1. 命题趋势预测​ 高频主题： 文化传承：镇江非遗故事（如“蓝印花布工艺”、“恒顺香醋制作”）、历史人物（如“张謇的教育理念”）。 社会热点：青少年心理健康（如“如何应对考试压力”）、社区志愿服务（如“为老人送物资”）、垃圾分类实践（如“社区垃圾分类行动”）。 科技环保：新能源应用（如“镇江海上风电”）、碳中和校园行动（如“校园植树活动”）。 创新题型： 多模态文本：结合图片或表格信息填空（如根据“香醋制作流程图”描述步骤）。 跨学科整合：融合地理（如“京杭大运河镇江段的作用”）、历史（如“金山寺的历史事件”）等学科知识。 任务型完形：补全对话或建议信（如“为镇江旅游设计英文宣传标语”）。 2. 备考建议​ 强化高频词汇与搭配： 分主题记忆：文化类（如“heritage conservation（遗产保护）”、“traditional craft（传统工艺）”）、环保类（如“recyclable（可回收的）”、“carbon emission（碳排放）”）。 整理高频短语：如“look forward to”、“depend on”、“in spite of”等，每天背诵10个。 长难句与逻辑专项训练： 每日精析1-2句说明文长难句，标注主干（如“ The man who helped me is my teacher”的主干为“ The man is my teacher”）与修饰成分（如“who helped me”为定语从句）。 总结逻辑信号词清单：因果（如“due to”、“therefore”）、转折（如“however”、“yet”）等，每天复习5个。 本土化内容积累： 结合镇江案例设计练习（如“为金山寺写英文介绍”：“ Jinshan Temple is a famous Buddhist temple in Zhenjiang, with a history of over 1,600 years”）。 关注镇江本土新闻（如“濠河生态修复工程”），积累相关表达（如“ecological restoration（生态修复）”、“water quality improvement（水质改善）”）。 限时模拟与错题复盘： 每日完成1篇说明文限时训练（15分钟），模拟考场压力。 整理错题本，按“词汇辨析”、“逻辑错误”、“语法错误”、“本土文化”分类总结，每周复盘1次。 四、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的易错点提醒​ 避免过度推断：答案需严格基于文本，忌主观联想（如“作者可能支持AI取代教师”若无依据则错误）。 警惕“偷换概念”：干扰项可能替换原文关键词（如将“renewable（可再生的）”改为“non-renewable（不可再生的）”）。 注意“词性转换”：如“environment（名词）”需转换为“environmental（形容词）”（如“environmental protection（环境保护）”）。 区分“固定搭配”：如“look for（寻找）”与“look after（照顾）”、“be used to doing（习惯做）”与“used to do（过去常做）”的区别。 结语​ 2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的核心是“考查综合语言运用能力”，即“词汇精准、语法正确、逻辑连贯、文化理解”的能力。考生需通过词汇积累（高频主题词汇）、语法训练（长难句拆解）、逻辑理解（上下文线索）、本土文化（镇江特色）等方法，突破重难点，提高解题准确率。同时，需关注2026年江苏中考的命题趋势（如文化传承、科技环保），提前做好准备，确保在考试中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A Less Well-known, but Equally Fascinating National Parks in the US Alcatraz Island (San Francisco, California) Alcatraz Island, also known as “The Rock” (only 0.029 square miles) in the middle of San Francisco Bay, is the home of the oldest operating lighthouse on the west coast and the infamous federal prison. Visit the legendary island that once served as the San Francisco armoury (军工厂). “The Rock” will give visitors a glimpse of what life was like for prisoners and guards. Advance purchase is required because of the limited number of visitors allowed on the Island each day. Cape Cod National Seashore (Wellfleet, Massachusetts) Cape Cod National Seashore is a protected area of shoreline,natural habitats, and historically significant structures. It consists of 68 square miles of beaches, ponds, marshes, and woodlands extending for 40 miles. With its historic lighthouses, this park is a great place to swim in the Atlantic, explore nature trails and learn about the nation’s sailing past and present. Biscayne National Park (Miami, Florida) The park provides access for visitors to encounter and explore the scenery, wildlife, history and other amazing resources. This park covers 270 square miles, and 95% of it is underwater. Divers and snorkelers hit the ocean to explore shipwrecks and a bright coral reef, home to reef lobsters. Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (Florissant, Colorado) Beneath a grassy mountain valley in central Colorado, lies one of the richest and most diverse fossil deposits in the world. This mountain valley protects 9 square miles of petrified (石化) redwoods and fossils of ancient insects and plants, which were preserved 35 million years ago when erupting volcanoes covered the valley in ash. Apart from a variety of outdoor activities, it offers visitors opportunities for hands-on experience to learn about fossils and science in the exhibit area. 1．What are tourists required to do to go on Alcatraz Island? A．Protect nature reserves. B．Take diving suits. C．Make reservations in advance. D．Know how to operate the lighthouse. 2．A fan of prehistoric creatures will probably go to ________. A．Alcatraz Island B．Cape Cod National Seashore C．Biscayne National Park D．Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument 3．Where is this text probably from? A．A geography book. B．A guide book. C．A news report. D．A science magazine. B Nature is not only the mother but also the teacher. There is a science about how we copy great ideas from animals and plants to create helpful products. It is called biomimetics (仿生学). Wing-suits, a kind of clothes, can let people experience flying. The idea of these clothes comes from the sugar glider. Some animals such as this sugar glider have wing-like structures (结构) to help them fly from tree to tree. When they jump, they spread out their arms and legs to help them fly down easily. Some animals have structures used for self-protection. An armadillo has a hard cover that can protect it from other dangerous animals. When an armadillo feels that it is in danger, it will change into a ball. It has taught people to create a backpack with a hard surface. The surface of the backpack protects things inside from being broken. Plants have helped people come up with amazing inventions, too. Perhaps the best-known example is Velcro (尼龙搭扣). It includes two pieces of cloth. They stick to each other when they are pressed together. Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes. The idea of Velcro is from burrs (带芒刺的小果实) of a plant. What other problems will nature help us solve in the future? Let’s wait and see! 1．Which of the following inspires humans on wing-suits? A．The bird. B．The sugar glider. C．The armadillo. D．The burrs. 2．What is special about the armadillo according to the text? A．It eats and sleeps a lot. B．It is one of the most popular animals. C．It has a hard cover that protects it from danger. D．It can be used to make a backpack. 3．What is the best structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ C On the night of Aug. 11, the Paris 2024 Olympics closed in France. The Olympics had 329 events in 32 sports and brought together 10,500 athletes from more than 200 countries and regions. It is a big event for sports lovers around the world. Team China won 40 gold, 27 silver and 24 bronze medals. This is our best performance at the Olympics away from home soil. Chinese divers won all eight diving gold medals. The table tennis team also took home every gold medal in the sport. Young players also made history. A twenty-year-old Chinese swimmer Pan Zhanle broke his own world record to win the men’s 100-metre freestyle. He finished in only 46.40 seconds. Bom in 2002, Zheng Qinwen won China’s first Olympic tennis singles (单打) gold medal. Playing for our country helped keep her going. Athletes from around the world showed their skills and the beauty of sports at the Paris Olympics. They overcame challenges and fought for their dreams. Three years ago, US gymnast (体操运动员) Simone Biles, 27, had to abandon many of her events at the Tokyo Olympics because she felt a lot of pressure. In summer, she came back and won three golds and a silver. She is now the US gymnast with the most medals in Olympic history. 1．How many medals did Team China win at the Paris 2024 Olympics? A．91. B．40. C．27. D．24. 2．What does the underlined word “abandon” mean? A．watch B．continue C．give up D．take part in 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Pan Zhanle broke his own world record. B．Pan Zhanle and Zheng Qinwen are both from China. C．Some young players got the best results in their own event. D．Zheng Qinwen won China’s first Olympic tennis singles gold medal. 【提升题】 A As China grows stronger and stronger, more and more foreign people have started to learn Chinese. However, many of them have discovered that it is very difficult to learn Chinese, especially at home without anyone’ s help. The problem has caught the attention of a famous AI company in China. To help foreigners learn Chinese, it has developed a smartphone app called iFlyChinese. With the help of AI-based voice technologies, the app users can learn Chinese wisely and quickly. When users speak to the app in their own languages, the app can turn the voice messages into Chinese. When they read sentences in Chinese, it will give them feedback (反馈). It can also correct their mistakes in pronunciation and grammar. Finally, it will provide cards with words or pictures for users to practice and review. With the help of the app, many users have got the ability to speak and use Chinese. Henry is one of them. He was born in Australia and started to learn Chinese two years ago. He has made great progress since he started using the app. Now he can talk with his friends in Chinese. The app has become very popular in foreign countries since it was developed. The number of its users has increased very quickly. Now hundreds of thousands of people in more than 100 countries are using the app. 1．How many countries have users of the iFlyChinese app? A．Less than 50. B．Exactly 100. C．More than 100. D．The article doesn’t mention. 2．What is the main function of the iFlyChinese app mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To teach Chinese history. B．To translate users’ native languages into Chinese and provide feedback. C．To help users book travel tickets in China. D．To connect foreigners with Chinese teachers. 3．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To talk about traditional language-learning methods. B．To explain why Chinese is difficult for foreigners. C．To introduce an AI-powered app that helps foreigners learn Chinese effectively. D．To advertise a new smartphone. B Our country’s space experts tell us that China is now working on a new carrier rocket (运载火箭) and a new manned spaceship (载人飞船). The new carrier rocket is called Long March-10. A rocket expert named Rong Yi said it is mainly made to make it possible for astronauts to land on the moon by 2030. It is about 92 meters long. When it takes off, it weighs about 2,187 tonnes (公吨). It has a power of about 2,678 tonnes when taking off. And it can carry at least 27 tonnes when going from the Earth to the moon. Rong said in a recent talk that the Long March-10 is going to have its first flight in 2027. Also, this new rocket can send astronauts and many things to the space station. The new manned spaceship is also very useful for China to land astronauts on the moon by 2030. It can be used for flights near the Earth and also for deep space flights. An expert said this spaceship can carry three astronauts. It is mainly used to send astronauts to orbit (环绕……运行) the moon and then come back to the Earth. Unlike the Shenzhou spaceship which has three parts, the new manned spaceship has two parts. One is the part where astronauts come back. The other is the part that gives service. This way of building makes more parts of the spaceship can be used again. 1．What is the main purpose of developing the Long March-10 rocket? A．To explore Mars. B．To build a space station. C．To send satellites into space. D．To make astronauts land on the moon. 2．How many parts does the new manned spaceship have? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What is the advantage of the building way of the new manned spaceship according to the last paragraph? A．It looks more beautiful. B．It can make it fly faster. C．It has more reusable parts. D．It can carry more astronauts. 【拔高题】 A When you look at the night sky, what you see are actually lots of “power plants” (发电厂). Every star makes a huge amount of energy through nuclear fusion (核聚变). For years, scientists have tried to make this kind of energy. They need to make a “mini star” on Earth. Recently, some scientists made a big step forward. In February, 2022, the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in Oxfordshire, the UK, doubled a world record set in 1997. The latest equipment (设备) there used fusion engines (发动机) to make as much energy as four wind turbines (涡轮机) did, reported The Guardian. In the past, no experiment could make more energy than what was used to start the fusion engine. This new experiment, although it only lasted five seconds, showed it’s possible to make more power. Another good thing about the experiment is that the reaction (反应) stopped when the equipment got too hot. This problem can be solved with cooling systems. Future fusion reactions may last much longer than five seconds, minutes or even hours. Why do we care so much about star power? Fusion reactions would offer power to everyone on Earth—enough for everyone to use for thousands or millions of years. They’re also clean—they don’t produce carbon dioxide or radioactive (放射性的) waste. You may wonder why fusion energy is so hard to make. Creating conditions similar to a star is not easy. The machine must reach temperatures 10 times as high as that of the sun’s core (核). Even so, it’s time to get excited about star power. If it can be successfully carried out, it will be a landmark (里程碑) in human history. 1．The world record set in 1997 showed that the equipment could make as much energy as ________ did at that time. A．one wind turbine B．two wind turbines C．three wind turbines D．four wind turbines 2．According to the passage, what can make the reaction last longer? A．Choosing hotter equipment. B．Starting a new experiment. C．Creating a warmer environment. D．Using a cooling system. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The amount of energy inside a star. B．The ways to find cleaner power. C．The advantages of fusion reactions. D．Reasons to send people into space. B In April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel in space. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. Some people believe the next step is for humans to visit Mars. There’s no doubt that the first person to walk on Mars will become as famous as Gagarin or Armstrong, and many astronauts would love the opportunity. But what is space travel really like for the astronauts? Many astronauts suffer physical problems, even if they are in space for just a few months. Some of these problems are short-lived; others may be long-lasting. More than two-thirds of all astronauts suffer from motion sickness while traveling in space. In space, the body cannot tell up from down. The body sends confusing signals to the brain, which can result in feeling sick for a few days. The amount of blood and water in the body also ends up being sent differently. More blood and water end up in the face, neck, and chest, resulting in a puffy (肿胀的) face and an enlarged heart. For the duration of their task, astronauts experience conditions that influence their health. For example, their bones get weaker. Being in a weightless environment means that astronauts do not use the muscles (肌肉), so their muscles gradually get weaker. This, along with the change of blood to the upper body and the resulting loss of important minerals (矿物质), causes bones to weaken. As a result, many astronauts are unable to walk properly for a few days upon their return to Earth. In addition, they are exposed to radiation (辐射) from the sun. This puts them at a higher risk of serious illness. In addition to physical difficulties, astronauts who travel for long periods may also suffer from psychological stress. Long journeys require astronauts to spend more time inside a spaceship. For example, a round-trip journey to Mars could take about three years. Being confined in a small space for such a long period of time is not healthy. Astronauts — especially those who achieved important “firsts” such as Gagarin and Armstrong — are often seen as exciting adventurers. This may be right, but it’s also worth remembering the efforts they make to explore our universe. 1．According to Paragraph 2, what physical problem do astronauts suffer? A．Their hearts send weakened signals to their bodies. B．They may feel sick because of confusing signals. C．They may live shorter after travelling in space. D．Their brains often get less blood and water. 2．The underlined word “confined” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．kept B．trained C．allowed D．served 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to be the first ones to visit Mars. B．To question whether humans are able to go to Mars soon. C．To discuss what is the best health care for astronauts in space. D．To remind us of the price astronauts pay for exploring universe. C There is a famous English saying “You are what you eat”, and it means what you put in your mouth will become part of you. Many experts (专家) use it to tell people it’s important to have a good eating habit. For example, too much sweet food makes a person overweight. To avoid being fat, kids are told to keep off sweet food. However, a team of American scientists have discovered something new about eating sweet food. “When we say some people ‘sweet’, we mean they are kind and friendly to us. Perhaps this word can help us learn more about people’s feelings and acts,” said Brian Meier, a scientist from the study team. “Taste is something we experience every day. What we have done is to find whether we can know someone’s character and behavior depending on their taste.” In one of their experiments, college students were asked questions about their character — whether, for example, they were soft-hearted or not. Then they were asked to make a list of their favorite food. According to their answers, the scientists found that the students who liked sweet food were nicer. In their another experiment, the scientists found that people who preferred sweet food such as cookies and chocolate were more willing to help other people in need, and those who ate non-sweet food such as chips weren’t. For example, people with a sweet tooth were more likely to volunteer to clean up their city, visit sick children in the hospital and so on. The result of the experiments is that people’s helpfulness or being nice has something to do with their taste for sweet food. So eating sweet food is a useful way to make people nice and helpful. Next time, try some ice-cream. 1．According to the result of the experiments, sweet food can make people ________. A．overweight B．excited C．relaxed D．friendly 2．The purpose of the experiment in Paragraph 4 is to show ________. A．character and behavior has something to do with people’s taste B．why some people like sweet food better than other kinds C．people who like cookies and chocolate like helping others D．non-sweet food eaters are not willing to volunteer to help those in need 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．people’s taste decides their characters and acts B．sweet food makes people overweight C．people with a sweet tooth are more willing to help others D．people’s character has nothing to do with their taste 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点04 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的核心重难点​ 结合2025年江苏中考英语说明文命题趋势及镇江本地考试特点，2026年镇江中考说明文的核心重难点可归纳为以下四类，其中本土文化元素的语境理解是镇江考生的独特挑战： 1. 词汇辨析：近义词与固定搭配的语境适配​ 近义词辨析：如“say/speak/tell”（强调“说”的方式与对象）、“affect/effect”（前者为动词“影响”，后者为名词“效果”）、“borrow/lend/keep”（“借入/借出/保留”的语境差异）等，需结合上下文判断最恰当的词汇。例如，2025年江苏中考真题中“ He was _____ (relieved/determined) to see his lost dog”，需根据“lost dog”（丢失的狗）的情感线索选择“relieved”（松了口气），而非“determined”（坚定的）。 固定搭配：如“look forward to（期待）”、“depend on（依靠）”、“in spite of（尽管）”等，需准确记忆并适配语境。例如，“She is good _____ (at/in) singing”需选“at”（be good at为固定搭配）。 2. 语法结构：复合句中的时态、语态与逻辑​ 时态与语态：需根据上下文判断时态一致性（如“by the time I got to school, the class _____ (had begun/was beginning)”需用过去完成时“had begun”），以及被动语态的正确使用（如“ The book _____ (write) by Lu Xun is very famous”需用“written”）。 复合句逻辑：定语从句（如“ The man _____ (who/which) helped me is my teacher”需选“who”指代人）、状语从句（如“ If it _____ (rains/rained) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic”需用“rains”遵循“主将从现”）等，需拆解长难句主干，明确逻辑关系。 3. 上下文逻辑：隐性关系与情感线索的推断​ 隐性逻辑：需通过情感色彩词（如“surprised/disappointed”）或语义转折（如“ The lights dimmed, _____ the audience fell silent”需选“and”表承接）推断逻辑关系。例如，2025年江苏中考真题中“ The old man was sad, _____ his son gave him a gift”需选“but”表转折（悲伤与收到礼物的对比）。 情感线索：需关注人物的情绪变化（如“从沮丧到惊喜”、“从紧张到放松”），例如“ She felt _____ (nervous/excited) before the exam, but after finishing it, she felt relieved”需根据“before/after”的时间差选择“nervous”（考前紧张）。 4. 本土文化：镇江特色元素的语境理解​ 文化术语：可能涉及镇江特色（如“金山寺”“恒顺香醋”“蓝印花布”），需理解相关英文表达（如“cultural heritage（文化遗产）”“traditional craft（传统工艺）”）。例如，“ Zhenjiang vinegar, a traditional _____ (craft/industry), has a history of over 1,400 years”需选“craft”（工艺），符合“传统工艺”的语境。 文化场景：如“为金山寺写英文介绍”、“濠河生态修复工程”等，需积累相关表达（如“ecological restoration（生态修复）”“tourist slogan（旅游标语）”）。 二、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的解题步骤​ 针对上述重难点，结合2025年江苏中考真题及镇江本地考试特点，系统化解题步骤可总结为以下四步，其中本土文化细节的验证是关键环节： Step 1：通读全文，把握主旨与情感基调​ 标记关键信息：快速浏览首段（主题句）、末段（总结升华）及段落首尾句，标记情感词（如“excited/worried”）、逻辑词（如“but/however/because”）和本土文化元素（如“金山寺”、“恒顺香醋”）。例如，首句“ Last summer, I went to Zhenjiang with my parents”提示文章主题为“镇江之旅”，需关注与镇江相关的内容。 判断文体与结构：说明文需关注说明对象与逻辑顺序（如时间/空间/逻辑），例如“恒顺香醋的制作流程”需按“原料→发酵→蒸馏→成品”的逻辑顺序梳理。 Step 2：逐题突破，结合上下文线索​ 词汇题：通过同义词替换（如“solve”对应“deal with”）、反义词排除（如“happy→sad”）或固定搭配（如“look forward to”）解题。例如，“ He _____ (borrowed/lent) a book from me”需根据“from me”（从我这里）选“borrowed”（借入）。 逻辑题：关注前后句因果关系（如“so→because”）、转折关系（如“but→however”）。例如，“ She wanted to go out, _____ it rained”需选“but”（转折）。 语法题：检查时态、语态一致性（如“过去时全文需统一”）或从句引导词（如“which/that”）。例如，“ The book that _____ (write) by Lu Xun is very famous”需选“was written”（被动语态）。 Step 3：验证答案，确保逻辑连贯​ 代入验证：将选项代入原文，通读句子，检查主谓一致、时态统一及情感一致性。例如，“ She is good at singing”代入后符合“擅长唱歌”的语境。 排除干扰项：排除绝对化词汇（如“only/absolutely”）或不符合语境的选项（如“ The lights dimmed, so the audience fell silent”中的“so”符合逻辑，需排除“but”）。 Step 4：本土文化细节检验​ 结合镇江元素：若文章涉及镇江特色（如“金山寺”、“恒顺香醋”），需验证答案是否符合本土文化语境。例如，“ Zhenjiang vinegar is a traditional craft”符合“传统工艺”的文化内涵，而“industry”（工业）则偏离了“传统”的语境。 三、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的预测分析​ 结合2025年江苏中考英语说明文命题趋势及镇江本地特色，2026年镇江中考说明文的命题方向与备考建议如下： 1. 命题趋势预测​ 高频主题： 文化传承：镇江非遗故事（如“蓝印花布工艺”、“恒顺香醋制作”）、历史人物（如“张謇的教育理念”）。 社会热点：青少年心理健康（如“如何应对考试压力”）、社区志愿服务（如“为老人送物资”）、垃圾分类实践（如“社区垃圾分类行动”）。 科技环保：新能源应用（如“镇江海上风电”）、碳中和校园行动（如“校园植树活动”）。 创新题型： 多模态文本：结合图片或表格信息填空（如根据“香醋制作流程图”描述步骤）。 跨学科整合：融合地理（如“京杭大运河镇江段的作用”）、历史（如“金山寺的历史事件”）等学科知识。 任务型完形：补全对话或建议信（如“为镇江旅游设计英文宣传标语”）。 2. 备考建议​ 强化高频词汇与搭配： 分主题记忆：文化类（如“heritage conservation（遗产保护）”、“traditional craft（传统工艺）”）、环保类（如“recyclable（可回收的）”、“carbon emission（碳排放）”）。 整理高频短语：如“look forward to”、“depend on”、“in spite of”等，每天背诵10个。 长难句与逻辑专项训练： 每日精析1-2句说明文长难句，标注主干（如“ The man who helped me is my teacher”的主干为“ The man is my teacher”）与修饰成分（如“who helped me”为定语从句）。 总结逻辑信号词清单：因果（如“due to”、“therefore”）、转折（如“however”、“yet”）等，每天复习5个。 本土化内容积累： 结合镇江案例设计练习（如“为金山寺写英文介绍”：“ Jinshan Temple is a famous Buddhist temple in Zhenjiang, with a history of over 1,600 years”）。 关注镇江本土新闻（如“濠河生态修复工程”），积累相关表达（如“ecological restoration（生态修复）”、“water quality improvement（水质改善）”）。 限时模拟与错题复盘： 每日完成1篇说明文限时训练（15分钟），模拟考场压力。 整理错题本，按“词汇辨析”、“逻辑错误”、“语法错误”、“本土文化”分类总结，每周复盘1次。 四、2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的易错点提醒​ 避免过度推断：答案需严格基于文本，忌主观联想（如“作者可能支持AI取代教师”若无依据则错误）。 警惕“偷换概念”：干扰项可能替换原文关键词（如将“renewable（可再生的）”改为“non-renewable（不可再生的）”）。 注意“词性转换”：如“environment（名词）”需转换为“environmental（形容词）”（如“environmental protection（环境保护）”）。 区分“固定搭配”：如“look for（寻找）”与“look after（照顾）”、“be used to doing（习惯做）”与“used to do（过去常做）”的区别。 结语​ 2026年江苏镇江中考英语说明文的核心是“考查综合语言运用能力”，即“词汇精准、语法正确、逻辑连贯、文化理解”的能力。考生需通过词汇积累（高频主题词汇）、语法训练（长难句拆解）、逻辑理解（上下文线索）、本土文化（镇江特色）等方法，突破重难点，提高解题准确率。同时，需关注2026年江苏中考的命题趋势（如文化传承、科技环保），提前做好准备，确保在考试中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A Less Well-known, but Equally Fascinating National Parks in the US Alcatraz Island (San Francisco, California) Alcatraz Island, also known as “The Rock” (only 0.029 square miles) in the middle of San Francisco Bay, is the home of the oldest operating lighthouse on the west coast and the infamous federal prison. Visit the legendary island that once served as the San Francisco armoury (军工厂). “The Rock” will give visitors a glimpse of what life was like for prisoners and guards. Advance purchase is required because of the limited number of visitors allowed on the Island each day. Cape Cod National Seashore (Wellfleet, Massachusetts) Cape Cod National Seashore is a protected area of shoreline,natural habitats, and historically significant structures. It consists of 68 square miles of beaches, ponds, marshes, and woodlands extending for 40 miles. With its historic lighthouses, this park is a great place to swim in the Atlantic, explore nature trails and learn about the nation’s sailing past and present. Biscayne National Park (Miami, Florida) The park provides access for visitors to encounter and explore the scenery, wildlife, history and other amazing resources. This park covers 270 square miles, and 95% of it is underwater. Divers and snorkelers hit the ocean to explore shipwrecks and a bright coral reef, home to reef lobsters. Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (Florissant, Colorado) Beneath a grassy mountain valley in central Colorado, lies one of the richest and most diverse fossil deposits in the world. This mountain valley protects 9 square miles of petrified (石化) redwoods and fossils of ancient insects and plants, which were preserved 35 million years ago when erupting volcanoes covered the valley in ash. Apart from a variety of outdoor activities, it offers visitors opportunities for hands-on experience to learn about fossils and science in the exhibit area. 1．What are tourists required to do to go on Alcatraz Island? A．Protect nature reserves. B．Take diving suits. C．Make reservations in advance. D．Know how to operate the lighthouse. 2．A fan of prehistoric creatures will probably go to ________. A．Alcatraz Island B．Cape Cod National Seashore C．Biscayne National Park D．Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument 3．Where is this text probably from? A．A geography book. B．A guide book. C．A news report. D．A science magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】说明文、景点/建筑 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国四个鲜为人知但同样迷人的国家公园或保护区，包括它们的地理位置、特色和游客体验。     1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Advance purchase is required because of the limited number of visitors allowed on the Island each day.”可推知，游客需要提前预订才能登上阿尔卡特拉斯岛。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Beneath a grassy mountain valley in central Colorado, lies one of the richest and most diverse fossil deposits in the world.”可推知，对史前生物感兴趣的游客可能会选择去弗洛里森化石床国家保护区。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章介绍了四个国家公园或保护区的特色和游客体验，内容以介绍和推荐为主，类似于旅游指南的风格。因此，本文很可能来自一本旅游指南书。故选B。 B Nature is not only the mother but also the teacher. There is a science about how we copy great ideas from animals and plants to create helpful products. It is called biomimetics (仿生学). Wing-suits, a kind of clothes, can let people experience flying. The idea of these clothes comes from the sugar glider. Some animals such as this sugar glider have wing-like structures (结构) to help them fly from tree to tree. When they jump, they spread out their arms and legs to help them fly down easily. Some animals have structures used for self-protection. An armadillo has a hard cover that can protect it from other dangerous animals. When an armadillo feels that it is in danger, it will change into a ball. It has taught people to create a backpack with a hard surface. The surface of the backpack protects things inside from being broken. Plants have helped people come up with amazing inventions, too. Perhaps the best-known example is Velcro (尼龙搭扣). It includes two pieces of cloth. They stick to each other when they are pressed together. Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes. The idea of Velcro is from burrs (带芒刺的小果实) of a plant. What other problems will nature help us solve in the future? Let’s wait and see! 1．Which of the following inspires humans on wing-suits? A．The bird. B．The sugar glider. C．The armadillo. D．The burrs. 2．What is special about the armadillo according to the text? A．It eats and sleeps a lot. B．It is one of the most popular animals. C．It has a hard cover that protects it from danger. D．It can be used to make a backpack. 3．What is the best structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】说明文、发明与创造 【导语】本文主要介绍了仿生学的概念，并通过具体例子说明人类如何从动植物身上获得灵感发明实用产品。 1．细节理解题。根据“Wing-suits, a kind of clothes, can let people experience flying. The idea of these clothes comes from the sugar glider.”可知，翼装飞行服的灵感来自蜜袋鼯。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“An armadillo has a hard cover that can protect it from other dangerous animals.”可知，犰狳的特殊之处在于其硬壳的自我保护功能。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入仿生学概念；第二段到第五段分别列举动物和植物的仿生案例；最后一段展望未来。故选A。 C On the night of Aug. 11, the Paris 2024 Olympics closed in France. The Olympics had 329 events in 32 sports and brought together 10,500 athletes from more than 200 countries and regions. It is a big event for sports lovers around the world. Team China won 40 gold, 27 silver and 24 bronze medals. This is our best performance at the Olympics away from home soil. Chinese divers won all eight diving gold medals. The table tennis team also took home every gold medal in the sport. Young players also made history. A twenty-year-old Chinese swimmer Pan Zhanle broke his own world record to win the men’s 100-metre freestyle. He finished in only 46.40 seconds. Bom in 2002, Zheng Qinwen won China’s first Olympic tennis singles (单打) gold medal. Playing for our country helped keep her going. Athletes from around the world showed their skills and the beauty of sports at the Paris Olympics. They overcame challenges and fought for their dreams. Three years ago, US gymnast (体操运动员) Simone Biles, 27, had to abandon many of her events at the Tokyo Olympics because she felt a lot of pressure. In summer, she came back and won three golds and a silver. She is now the US gymnast with the most medals in Olympic history. 1．How many medals did Team China win at the Paris 2024 Olympics? A．91. B．40. C．27. D．24. 2．What does the underlined word “abandon” mean? A．watch B．continue C．give up D．take part in 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Pan Zhanle broke his own world record. B．Pan Zhanle and Zheng Qinwen are both from China. C．Some young players got the best results in their own event. D．Zheng Qinwen won China’s first Olympic tennis singles gold medal. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】体育名人、说明文、国际赛事 【导语】本文主要讲述了2024年巴黎奥运会的盛况和中国代表团的优异表现。 1．推理判断题。根据“Team China won 40 gold, 27 silver and 24 bronze medals.”可知，40+27+24=91，中国队奖牌总数为91枚。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Three years ago, US gymnast (体操运动员) Simone Biles, 27, had to abandon many of her events at the Tokyo Olympics because she felt a lot of pressure.”可知，她因为压力过大，放弃了很多项目，划线部分单词与give up意思相近。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Young players also made history.”可知，本段落讲述了年轻运动员在各自项目中创造历史。故选C。 【提升题】 A As China grows stronger and stronger, more and more foreign people have started to learn Chinese. However, many of them have discovered that it is very difficult to learn Chinese, especially at home without anyone’ s help. The problem has caught the attention of a famous AI company in China. To help foreigners learn Chinese, it has developed a smartphone app called iFlyChinese. With the help of AI-based voice technologies, the app users can learn Chinese wisely and quickly. When users speak to the app in their own languages, the app can turn the voice messages into Chinese. When they read sentences in Chinese, it will give them feedback (反馈). It can also correct their mistakes in pronunciation and grammar. Finally, it will provide cards with words or pictures for users to practice and review. With the help of the app, many users have got the ability to speak and use Chinese. Henry is one of them. He was born in Australia and started to learn Chinese two years ago. He has made great progress since he started using the app. Now he can talk with his friends in Chinese. The app has become very popular in foreign countries since it was developed. The number of its users has increased very quickly. Now hundreds of thousands of people in more than 100 countries are using the app. 1．How many countries have users of the iFlyChinese app? A．Less than 50. B．Exactly 100. C．More than 100. D．The article doesn’t mention. 2．What is the main function of the iFlyChinese app mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To teach Chinese history. B．To translate users’ native languages into Chinese and provide feedback. C．To help users book travel tickets in China. D．To connect foreigners with Chinese teachers. 3．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To talk about traditional language-learning methods. B．To explain why Chinese is difficult for foreigners. C．To introduce an AI-powered app that helps foreigners learn Chinese effectively. D．To advertise a new smartphone. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】说明文、语言与文化、信息技术 【导语】本文介绍了一款名为iFlyChinese的AI语言学习应用程序，旨在帮助外国人高效学习汉语。 1．细节理解题。根据“Now hundreds of thousands of people in more than 100 countries are using the app”可知，有超过100个国家的人可以使用这个软件，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“When users speak to the app in their own languages, the app can turn the voice messages into Chinese. When they read sentences in Chinese, it will give them feedback (反馈). It can also correct their mistakes in pronunciation and grammar.”可知，这个软件可以加外语翻译成汉语，故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一款用AI技术帮助外国人学习汉语的软件，故选C。 B Our country’s space experts tell us that China is now working on a new carrier rocket (运载火箭) and a new manned spaceship (载人飞船). The new carrier rocket is called Long March-10. A rocket expert named Rong Yi said it is mainly made to make it possible for astronauts to land on the moon by 2030. It is about 92 meters long. When it takes off, it weighs about 2,187 tonnes (公吨). It has a power of about 2,678 tonnes when taking off. And it can carry at least 27 tonnes when going from the Earth to the moon. Rong said in a recent talk that the Long March-10 is going to have its first flight in 2027. Also, this new rocket can send astronauts and many things to the space station. The new manned spaceship is also very useful for China to land astronauts on the moon by 2030. It can be used for flights near the Earth and also for deep space flights. An expert said this spaceship can carry three astronauts. It is mainly used to send astronauts to orbit (环绕……运行) the moon and then come back to the Earth. Unlike the Shenzhou spaceship which has three parts, the new manned spaceship has two parts. One is the part where astronauts come back. The other is the part that gives service. This way of building makes more parts of the spaceship can be used again. 1．What is the main purpose of developing the Long March-10 rocket? A．To explore Mars. B．To build a space station. C．To send satellites into space. D．To make astronauts land on the moon. 2．How many parts does the new manned spaceship have? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What is the advantage of the building way of the new manned spaceship according to the last paragraph? A．It looks more beautiful. B．It can make it fly faster. C．It has more reusable parts. D．It can carry more astronauts. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】说明文、科普知识、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要介绍了长征10号运载火箭和新型载人飞船。 1．细节理解题。根据“A rocket expert named Rong Yi said it is mainly made to make it possible for astronauts to land on the moon by 2030.”可知，长征10号运载火箭的主要目的是使宇航员登上月球。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Unlike the Shenzhou spaceship which has three parts, the new manned spaceship has two parts.”可知，新型载人飞船有两部分。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“This way of building makes more parts of the spaceship can be used again.”可知，新型载人飞船的建筑方式的优点是有更多的可重复使用的部件。故选C。 【拔高题】 A When you look at the night sky, what you see are actually lots of “power plants” (发电厂). Every star makes a huge amount of energy through nuclear fusion (核聚变). For years, scientists have tried to make this kind of energy. They need to make a “mini star” on Earth. Recently, some scientists made a big step forward. In February, 2022, the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in Oxfordshire, the UK, doubled a world record set in 1997. The latest equipment (设备) there used fusion engines (发动机) to make as much energy as four wind turbines (涡轮机) did, reported The Guardian. In the past, no experiment could make more energy than what was used to start the fusion engine. This new experiment, although it only lasted five seconds, showed it’s possible to make more power. Another good thing about the experiment is that the reaction (反应) stopped when the equipment got too hot. This problem can be solved with cooling systems. Future fusion reactions may last much longer than five seconds, minutes or even hours. Why do we care so much about star power? Fusion reactions would offer power to everyone on Earth—enough for everyone to use for thousands or millions of years. They’re also clean—they don’t produce carbon dioxide or radioactive (放射性的) waste. You may wonder why fusion energy is so hard to make. Creating conditions similar to a star is not easy. The machine must reach temperatures 10 times as high as that of the sun’s core (核). Even so, it’s time to get excited about star power. If it can be successfully carried out, it will be a landmark (里程碑) in human history. 1．The world record set in 1997 showed that the equipment could make as much energy as ________ did at that time. A．one wind turbine B．two wind turbines C．three wind turbines D．four wind turbines 2．According to the passage, what can make the reaction last longer? A．Choosing hotter equipment. B．Starting a new experiment. C．Creating a warmer environment. D．Using a cooling system. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The amount of energy inside a star. B．The ways to find cleaner power. C．The advantages of fusion reactions. D．Reasons to send people into space. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】说明文、科普知识、天体与宇宙 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家们正在研究核聚变，如果成功地开展，这将是人类历史上的一个里程碑。 1．推理判断题。根据“In February, 2022, the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in Oxfordshire, the UK, doubled a world record set in 1997. The latest equipment (设备) there used fusion engines (发动机) to make as much energy as four wind turbines (涡轮机) did”可知，该设备使用核聚变引擎来产生相当于四台风力涡轮机所产生的能量，是在1997年创下的世界纪录的基础上翻了一番，所以1997年的记录是两台。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“This problem can be solved with cooling systems. Future fusion reactions may last much longer than five seconds, minutes or even hours.”可知，这个问题可以用冷却系统来解决，未来的核聚变反应可能会持续比5秒、几分钟甚至几小时。所以用冷却系统可以使反应持续更长时间，故选D。 3．段落大意题。分析第五段内容可知，本段主要介绍核聚变反应的优点，核聚变反应将为地球上的每个人提供足够的能量，供每个人使用数千年或数百万年，而且还是绿色能源。故选C。 B In April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel in space. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. Some people believe the next step is for humans to visit Mars. There’s no doubt that the first person to walk on Mars will become as famous as Gagarin or Armstrong, and many astronauts would love the opportunity. But what is space travel really like for the astronauts? Many astronauts suffer physical problems, even if they are in space for just a few months. Some of these problems are short-lived; others may be long-lasting. More than two-thirds of all astronauts suffer from motion sickness while traveling in space. In space, the body cannot tell up from down. The body sends confusing signals to the brain, which can result in feeling sick for a few days. The amount of blood and water in the body also ends up being sent differently. More blood and water end up in the face, neck, and chest, resulting in a puffy (肿胀的) face and an enlarged heart. For the duration of their task, astronauts experience conditions that influence their health. For example, their bones get weaker. Being in a weightless environment means that astronauts do not use the muscles (肌肉), so their muscles gradually get weaker. This, along with the change of blood to the upper body and the resulting loss of important minerals (矿物质), causes bones to weaken. As a result, many astronauts are unable to walk properly for a few days upon their return to Earth. In addition, they are exposed to radiation (辐射) from the sun. This puts them at a higher risk of serious illness. In addition to physical difficulties, astronauts who travel for long periods may also suffer from psychological stress. Long journeys require astronauts to spend more time inside a spaceship. For example, a round-trip journey to Mars could take about three years. Being confined in a small space for such a long period of time is not healthy. Astronauts — especially those who achieved important “firsts” such as Gagarin and Armstrong — are often seen as exciting adventurers. This may be right, but it’s also worth remembering the efforts they make to explore our universe. 1．According to Paragraph 2, what physical problem do astronauts suffer? A．Their hearts send weakened signals to their bodies. B．They may feel sick because of confusing signals. C．They may live shorter after travelling in space. D．Their brains often get less blood and water. 2．The underlined word “confined” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．kept B．trained C．allowed D．served 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to be the first ones to visit Mars. B．To question whether humans are able to go to Mars soon. C．To discuss what is the best health care for astronauts in space. D．To remind us of the price astronauts pay for exploring universe. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】航天与航空、说明文、工作与职业 【导语】本文主要介绍了对于宇航员来说，太空旅行到底是什么样子的。告诉我们宇航员为探索宇宙所付出的代价，记住他们为探索我们的宇宙所做的努力。 1．细节理解题，根据“More than two-thirds of all astronauts suffer from motion sickness while traveling in space. ... More blood and water end up in the face, neck, and chest, resulting in a puffy face and an enlarged heart.”可知在太空中，人体无法分辨上下。身体会向大脑发送混乱的信号，这可能会导致几天的不适。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Long journeys require astronauts to spend more time inside a spaceship. ”和“Being confined in a small space for such a long period of time is not healthy.”可推知，应该是一直待在狭小的空间里这么长时间是不健康的。being confined“被局限在”与being kept“被保持在”意思相近，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Astronauts — especially those who achieved important ‘firsts’ such as Gagarin and Armstrong — are often seen as exciting adventurers. This may be right, but it’s also worth remembering the efforts they make to explore our universe.”可知短文是想告诉我们宇航员为探索宇宙所付出的代价，要记住他们为探索我们的宇宙所做的努力。故选D。 C There is a famous English saying “You are what you eat”, and it means what you put in your mouth will become part of you. Many experts (专家) use it to tell people it’s important to have a good eating habit. For example, too much sweet food makes a person overweight. To avoid being fat, kids are told to keep off sweet food. However, a team of American scientists have discovered something new about eating sweet food. “When we say some people ‘sweet’, we mean they are kind and friendly to us. Perhaps this word can help us learn more about people’s feelings and acts,” said Brian Meier, a scientist from the study team. “Taste is something we experience every day. What we have done is to find whether we can know someone’s character and behavior depending on their taste.” In one of their experiments, college students were asked questions about their character — whether, for example, they were soft-hearted or not. Then they were asked to make a list of their favorite food. According to their answers, the scientists found that the students who liked sweet food were nicer. In their another experiment, the scientists found that people who preferred sweet food such as cookies and chocolate were more willing to help other people in need, and those who ate non-sweet food such as chips weren’t. For example, people with a sweet tooth were more likely to volunteer to clean up their city, visit sick children in the hospital and so on. The result of the experiments is that people’s helpfulness or being nice has something to do with their taste for sweet food. So eating sweet food is a useful way to make people nice and helpful. Next time, try some ice-cream. 1．According to the result of the experiments, sweet food can make people ________. A．overweight B．excited C．relaxed D．friendly 2．The purpose of the experiment in Paragraph 4 is to show ________. A．character and behavior has something to do with people’s taste B．why some people like sweet food better than other kinds C．people who like cookies and chocolate like helping others D．non-sweet food eaters are not willing to volunteer to help those in need 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．people’s taste decides their characters and acts B．sweet food makes people overweight C．people with a sweet tooth are more willing to help others D．people’s character has nothing to do with their taste 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】说明文、科普知识、饮食习俗 【分析】本文叙述了“人如其食”，一个人吃的东西会反应在一个人的身上。本文介绍的是爱吃甜食的人的一些特征：爱吃甜食的人更友好、爱吃甜食的人更喜欢当志愿者。甜食虽然容易使人发胖，但它也是使人们友好、助人的有效方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to their answers, the scientists found that the students who liked sweet food were nicer.”可知科学家发现喜欢吃甜食的人更友好。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The result of the experiments is that people’s helpfulness or being nice has something to do with their taste for sweet food.”可知第四段中的实验结果表明性格和行为与人的品味有关，这也是这个实验的目的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, people with a sweet tooth were more likely to volunteer to clean up their city, visit sick children in the hospital and so on.”可知喜欢吃甜食的人更愿意帮助别人。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $