2026年中考英语二轮专题复习 专题十三：定语从句（关系代词·关系副词·限制性 非限制性）

2026 届中考英语二轮专题复习 专题十三：定语从句（关系代词·关系副词·限制性/非限制性） 【考情考向·近三年命题趋势】 定语从句是中考英语的重要语法点，尤其在阅读理解、完形填空中频繁出现，单项选择也常考。2023-2025年全国各地市真题卷显示，命题主要集中在：① 关系代词的选择（that, which, who, whom, whose 的辨析）；② 关系副词的选择（when, where, why 的用法）；③ 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别；④ 介词+关系代词的用法；⑤ 关系代词 that 与 which 的特殊用法区别（只用 that 或只用 which 的情况）。本专题按考点分层设计，帮助考生全面掌握定语从句的核心用法。 【核心知识·考点分层精讲】 考点一：关系代词 (that, which, who, whom, whose) ① who/that 指人，作主语/宾语（作宾语可省略）   The boy who/that is reading is Tom. ② whom 指人，作宾语（可省略，可用who代替）   The girl (whom/who/that) you met yesterday is my sister. ③ which/that 指物，作主语/宾语（作宾语可省略）   The book which/that is on the desk is mine. ④ whose 表示所属关系（人/物均可），作定语   The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate. ⑤ 只用 that 的情况：先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much, the only, the very, the same, 序数词+名词，形容词最高级+名词，既有人又有物时。 ⑥ 只用 which 的情况：非限制性定语从句，或关系代词前有介词时。 考点二：关系副词 (when, where, why) ① when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于 at/in/on which   I still remember the day when I first met her. ② where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于 in/at which   This is the school where I studied for three years. ③ why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于 for which   Can you explain the reason why he was late? 考点三：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 ① 限制性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，不可用逗号隔开，省略后主句意义不完整。关系代词作宾语时可省略。 ② 非限制性定语从句：与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开，补充说明先行词，不能省略。不能用 that 引导，关系代词不能省略。   My father, who is a doctor, works very hard. 考点四：介词 + 关系代词 ① 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可提前到关系代词前   This is the house in which I lived last year. ② 介词的选择取决于从句中的动词搭配或先行词的搭配   The man with whom you talked is my teacher. ③ 关系代词只能用 which/whom，不能用 that/who 考点一 关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）（共16题） 1. (指人，作主语) The boy ______ is standing there is my brother. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 2. (指人，作宾语) The girl ______ you met yesterday is my cousin. A. which B. whose C. whom D. when 3. (指物，作主语) I like the book ______ was written by Lu Xun. A. who B. which C. whom D. where 4. (指物，作宾语) The bike ______ my father bought me is very nice. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 5. (whose) Do you know the man ______ daughter is a famous singer? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 6. (whose指物) I live in a room ______ window faces south. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 7. (只用that的情况) All ______ can be done has been done. A. which B. that C. who D. what 8. (只用that) This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. whom 9. (只用that) The first thing ______ we should do is to help him. A. which B. that C. what D. who 10. (只用that) I have read all the books ______ you gave me. A. which B. that C. what D. who 11. (只用which) He failed in the exam, ______ made his father angry. A. that B. which C. what D. who 12. (介词+关系代词) This is the house ______ I lived last year. A. in that B. in which C. in where D. which 13. (关系代词作宾语可省略) The man ______ you saw just now is my uncle. A. who B. whom C. that D. all of the above (可省略) 14. (指人, 作主语) The woman ______ is wearing a red dress is my mother. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 15. (which指物) The book ______ cover is red is mine. A. which B. that C. whose D. of which 16. (只用that) The only thing ______ I want to do is to have a rest. A. which B. that C. what D. who 考点二 关系副词 (when, where, why)（共10题） 17. (when) I still remember the day ______ I joined the army. A. which B. when C. where D. why 18. (where) This is the village ______ I was born. A. which B. when C. where D. that 19. (why) Do you know the reason ______ he was late? A. which B. when C. where D. why 20. (when = at which) I'll never forget the day ______ we spent together. A. when B. which C. where D. on which 21. (where = in which) This is the room ______ we had the meeting. A. where B. which C. that D. when 22. (when与that/which区别) I will never forget the days ______ I spent in the countryside. A. when B. which C. where D. on which 23. (where与that/which区别) This is the factory ______ produces cars. A. where B. which C. in which D. when 24. (why = for which) The reason ______ he explained is not true. A. why B. that C. for which D. when 25. (where) This is the library ______ I often borrow books. A. which B. where C. that D. when 26. (when) The time ______ we met was 8 pm. A. which B. when C. where D. at which 考点三 限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句（共6题） 27. (非限制性，指人) My father, ______ is a doctor, works hard. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 28. (非限制性，指物) The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is very interesting. A. that B. which C. who D. when 29. (非限制性，不能用that) I have two sisters, ______ are both teachers. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 30. (限制性与非限制性区别) His brother, ______ is 18 years old, is a college student. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 31. (非限制性，修饰整个主句) He passed the exam, ______ made us happy. A. that B. which C. who D. what 32. (非限制性，介词+关系代词) The man, ______ I talked just now, is my teacher. A. with whom B. with who C. with that D. which 考点四 介词+关系代词（共6题） 33. (介词+whom) The person ______ I spoke just now is my boss. A. to who B. to whom C. to that D. which 34. (介词+which) The pencil ______ he wrote is mine. A. with which B. with that C. by which D. in which 35. (介词+which) This is the house ______ Lu Xun once lived. A. which B. in which C. in that D. where 36. (介词+which) The reason ______ he was late is that he got up late. A. for which B. which C. for that D. why 37. (介词+whom) Do you know the girl ______ our teacher is talking? A. who B. with who C. with whom D. whom 38. (介词+which) The farm ______ we worked last year is beautiful. A. which B. on which C. on that D. where 语法填空·定语从句综合（共6题） 39. The boy ______ (who) is reading a book is my brother. 40. This is the best film ______ (that) I have ever seen. 41. I still remember the day ______ (when) I first came to this school. 42. The man ______ (whom) you met yesterday is my English teacher. 43. This is the house ______ (whose) windows are broken. 44. He failed the exam, ______ (which) made his parents disappointed. 单句改错·定语从句易错点（共6题） 45. The man which is standing there is my uncle. 改正：________________________ 46. This is the book which I bought it yesterday. 改正：________________________ 47. I'll never forget the day when we spent together. 改正：________________________ 48. This is the factory where produces cars. 改正：________________________ 49. The reason why he explained is not true. 改正：________________________ 50. My father, that is a doctor, works hard. 改正：________________________ 【参考答案】 考点一（1-16）：1-5 A C B C D 6-10 C B B B B 11-15 B B D B C 16 B 考点二（17-26）：17-20 B C D B 21-25 A B B B B 26 B 考点三（27-32）：27-30 A B A A 31-32 B A 考点四（33-38）：33-38 B A B A C B 语法填空（39-44）：39. who/that 40. that 41. when/on which 42. whom/who/that 43. whose 44. which 改错（45-50）：45. which→who/that 46. 去掉it 47. when→that/which 或去掉 48. where→that/which 或 where前加 that 49. why→that/which 或去掉 50. that→who 教学建议 1. 按考点分层教学：将定语从句分为四个考点。建议考点一（关系代词）用2课时，重点讲解 who/whom/whose/which/that 的区别，以及只用 that/which 的特殊情况；考点二（关系副词）用1课时，对比关系副词与关系代词的用法；考点三（限制性 vs 非限制性）用1课时，强调非限制性不能用 that，关系词不能省略；考点四（介词+关系代词）用1课时，讲解介词选择技巧。 2. 对比教学：设计表格对比关系代词与关系副词的用法（先行词是时间/地点/原因时，看从句缺不缺成分）；对比 that 与 which 的特殊用法；对比限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的标点符号和含义区别。 3. 口诀记忆：“人用 who/that 物用 which/that，whose 表所属要记牢；时间 when 地点 where 原因 why，介词提前 which/whom 不可少；限制定从不加逗号，非限 which 逗号隔开好；that 用法要记清，最高级序数 only 不能少，不定代词 all 等后 that 跑不了。” 4. 典型例句背诵：让学生背诵每个考点的经典例句，形成语感。 5. 错题本记录：要求学生将错题按考点记录，尤其注意关系词的选择依据（从句缺什么成分），以及 that 与 which 的混用错误。 亲爱的同学，定语从句是英语句子的“骨架”之一，掌握好它，你的阅读和写作能力将大幅提升！坚持练习，细心总结，你一定能攻克这个专题！中考在即，愿你从容应对，金榜题名！ 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $