Unit 1 Helping those in need 语法精讲&专项练习2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

新教材沪教八下 Unit 1 Helping those in need 语法精讲&专项练习 核心语法精讲：动词不定式 (to do) 在第八册第一单元中，我们主要学习用 动词不定式来表达目的、意愿和补充说明。 动词不定式的基本形式是 “to + 动词原形”，其否定形式是在 to 前面加 not，即 “not to + 动词原形” 。 以下是本单元中动词不定式的四大核心用法： 考点一：动词不定式作宾语 句型：主语 + 及物动词 + to do... 在英语中，有些动词后面只能接动词不定式作宾语，而不能接动名词。本单元重点学习的此类动词有：want (想要), hope (希望), plan (计划), decide (决定), offer (主动提出), volunteer (自愿), continue (继续), learn (学习) 等 。 例句： I offered to help the sick children. （我主动提出帮助那些生病的孩子。） 例句： She volunteered to teach disabled children music. （她自愿教残疾儿童音乐。） 考点二：动词不定式作宾语补足语 句型：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + to do... 这种结构表示“让某人做某事”或“告诉某人做某事”。常见的动词有：encourage (鼓励), tell (告诉), ask (要求), want (想要) 等 。 例句： We encouraged them to tell stories from their life. （我们鼓励他们讲述自己生活中的故事。） 例句： The teacher asked us to tidy up the room. （老师要求我们整理房间。） 特别提示（使役动词和感官动词）： 在感官动词（如 see, hear, watch）和使役动词（如 make, let, have）后面，作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略 to。动词 help 后面的 to 可以省略，也可以保留 。 例句： He saw a volunteer help an elderly lady. （他看到一名志愿者帮助了一位老奶奶。） 例句： The good news made us cheer up. （好消息让我们高兴起来。） 考点三：动词不定式作目的状语 句型：...to do... 不定式可以放在句中或句首，用来表示某一动作或行为的目的，翻译为“为了……”。放在句首时通常用逗号与主句隔开 。 例句： We organized a painting competition to raise their spirits. （为了让他们振奋精神，我们组织了一场绘画比赛。） 例句： To get there on time, he got up very early. （为了准时到达那里，他起得非常早。） 考点四：动词不定式作主语的“形式主语”结构 句型：It's + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) + to do... 当动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常用 It 作形式主语，而把真正的主语（不定式）放在后面 。 例句： It's meaningful to do voluntary work. （做志愿工作是很有意义的。） 例句： It's important for us to help people in need. （对我们来说，帮助有需要的人很重要。） 注意： 这里的 for us 指出了动作的执行者。 专项分层练习 考点一：动词不定式作宾语 （基础巩固：根据句意，填入适当的动词形式） 1. The little boy volunteered ________ (clean) the blackboard for the teacher. 2. They planned ________ (raise) some money for the children in poor areas. 3. My uncle offered ________ (drive) us to the airport, but we refused. 4. She hopes ________ (become) a famous singer like Zhang Jie when she grows up. 5. We decided ________ (not stay) at home because it was sunny. 考点二：动词不定式作宾语补足语 （综合运用：根据中文提示，完成句子） 1. Our English teacher always encourages us ________ ________ ________ (大声朗读) in the morning. 2. Mom told me ________ ________ (not play) football in the street. It's dangerous. 3. The headmaster asks us ________ ________ (wear) school uniforms every day. 4. I often see them ________ (play) basketball on the playground after school. （注意感官动词后的用法） 5. The funny story made the children ________ (laugh) happily. 考点三：动词不定式作目的状语 （句型转换/翻译：对划线部分提问或完成句子） 1. We went to the hospital. We wanted to visit the sick children. (合并为一句) We went to the hospital ________ ________ the sick children. 2. He got up early. He wanted to catch the first bus. (合并为一句) He got up early ________ ________ the first bus. 3. 为了让他高兴起来，我给他买了一份礼物。 I bought him a gift ________ ________ ________ ________. 4. They trained hard every day ________ (为了赢得) the final match. 考点四：形式主语结构 (It's + adj. + to do) （完成句子/句型转换） 1. To help disabled people is our duty. (改为同义句，用 it 作形式主语) ________ ________ our duty ________ ________ disabled people. 2. It is dangerous for children ________ ________ ________ (玩火). 3. It's very kind of you ________ ________ ________ (照顾) my pet when I was away. 4. ________ ________ important for us to learn how to cheer up others. (学会如何让别人振作起来对我们来说很重要。) 语法综合运用 （语法填空：阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空，每空不限一词） Last Sunday, our school organized a voluntary activity. We went to an old people‘s home 1. ________ (help) the elderly. Some students offered 2. ________ (clean) the rooms for them. Others volunteered 3. ________ (chat) with them. I wanted 4. ________ (do) something special. I decided 5. ________ (read) newspapers for Grandpa Li because his eyes hurt. He encouraged me 6. ________ (read) slowly and clearly. After reading, he taught me 7. ________ (play) Chinese chess. He was good at it. In the afternoon, we had a talent show. We sang songs 8. ________ (make) them happy. The old people were so pleased. They asked us 9. ________ (come) again next time. It's really meaningful 10. ________ (spend) time with these old people. I learned that sometimes the simplest things can bring joy to others. 参考答案 考点一： 1. to clean 2. to raise 3. to drive 4. to become 5. not to stay 考点二： 1. to read aloud 2. not to play 3. to wear 4. Play 5. laugh 考点三： 1. to visit 2. to catch 3. to cheer him up 4. to win 考点四： 1. It is; to help 2. to play with fire 3. to look after / to care for 4. It is 语法综合运用： 1. to help 2. to clean 3. to chat 4. to do 5. to read 6. to read 7. to play 8. to make 9. to come 10. to spend 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $