焦点 04 阅读理解之说明文-备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏南通）

焦点04 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年南通中考英语说明文考试概况​ 2026年南通中考英语说明文是阅读理解的核心题型之一（占比约30%-40%），遵循《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》要求，侧重信息提取、逻辑分析与文化融合的考查。文本长度约200-300词，生词率控制在3%以内，语言严谨且结构清晰（如“总-分-总”“问题-解决”）。题型以细节理解题（40%）、推理判断题（35%）、主旨大意题（15%）、词义猜测题（10%）为主，其中推理判断题为重点考查方向（需结合上下文推导隐含结论）。 二、2026年中考英语说明文重难点分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，说明文的核心重难点集中在以下板块： 1. 专业术语与长难句：跨学科知识的理解障碍​ 专业术语：说明文常涉及科技（如“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart homes”（智能家居））、环保（如“carbon footprint”（碳足迹）、“ecosystem”（生态系统））、文化（如“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）、“traditional craft”（传统工艺））等领域的术语。例如，2025年真题《南通蓝印花布的传承》中，“traditional craft”（传统工艺）与“modern design”（现代设计）的结合是核心话题，需理解“蓝印花布”的文化内涵才能回答相关问题。 长难句解析：说明文多使用复合句（如含定语从句、状语从句的句式），需拆解句子主干（主谓宾）以提取关键信息。例如，“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”中，“Although”引导让步状语从句，主干为“its high cost remains a barrier”（其高成本仍是障碍），需理解“renewable energy”（可再生能源）与“carbon emissions”（碳排放）的关系。 2. 逻辑结构与隐含信息：深层理解的挑战​ 逻辑结构：说明文的说明顺序（时间、空间、逻辑）与论证方式（举例、对比、因果）是理解的关键。例如，“问题-解决”型说明文（如“如何解决城市交通拥堵？”）需理清“问题表现→原因分析→解决方案”的逻辑链；“现象-本质”型说明文（如“为什么天空是蓝色的？”）需区分“现象描述”与“本质解释”。 隐含信息推断：需结合上下文逻辑推导作者未直接表达的立场。例如，文中提到“Silicon Valley prizes youth over experience, believing that people under 35 are those who make changes happen”，但随后用“many businessmen succeed in their 40s and beyond”反驳，隐含作者对“硅谷推崇年轻”的否定态度。 3. 文化背景与跨学科融合：知识迁移的要求​ 文化背景：南通中考说明文常融入江苏地域文化元素（如“南通蓝印花布”“苏州园林”“南京博物院”），需积累相关术语（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林））。例如，2025年真题《南通蓝印花布的传承》中，“traditional craft”（传统工艺）与“modern design”（现代设计）的结合是核心话题，需理解“蓝印花布”的文化内涵才能回答相关问题。 跨学科融合：说明文可能涉及科学（如“垃圾分类的原理”）、社会（如“环保政策的效果”）、文化（如“传统工艺的现代创新”）等跨学科知识，需具备知识迁移能力。例如，“垃圾分类”的说明文需结合“生态学”知识理解“可回收物”的分类标准。 三、2026年中考英语说明文解题步骤​ 针对说明文的重难点，采用“四步法”解题策略，可有效提升正确率： 1. 速读标题与首尾段，锁定说明对象​ 核心目标：快速把握文章主题与作者核心观点。 操作方法： 读标题：标记标题中的核心名词（如“Solar Energy”（太阳能）），明确说明范围； 读首段：关注主题句（如“Climate change is one of the biggest challenges today.”（气候变化是当今最大的挑战之一）），通常位于首段末句或第二句； 读尾段：关注总结句（如“Therefore, recycling is essential for sustainability.”（因此，回收对可持续性至关重要）），通常是对中心论点的重申或升华。 2. 分析段落结构，识别说明顺序​ 核心目标：理清论点与论据的关系，避免逻辑断层。 操作方法： 读段落首句：80%的段落首句是主题句（如“One key reason for this is the ‘series order effect’”（其中一个关键原因是“系列顺序效应”）），需标注并串联成逻辑链； 圈逻辑词：如“however”（转折）、“therefore”（因果）、“for example”（举例），这些词是论点切换的信号（如“however”后通常是作者的重要观点）； 识别说明顺序：根据段落内容判断是“时间顺序”（如“造纸术的演变”）、“空间顺序”（如“博物馆的展厅分布”）还是“逻辑顺序”（如“从现象到本质”）。 3. 定位关键信息，解答细节题​ 核心目标：准确回答细节题（占比40%），避免“过度推断”。 操作方法： 读题干：标记关键词（如“series order effect”（系列顺序效应）、“Silicon Valley”（硅谷）），明确问题指向； 回原文：根据关键词定位原文句子（如“series order effect”位于第五段首句），逐词比对选项与原文（如选项“ It explains why failure is common and acceptable”（它解释了为什么失败是常见的和可接受的）与原文“Success can come when you have tried two, three, or even twenty-two times”（当你尝试两次、三次甚至二十二次时，成功就会到来）一致）； 排除干扰项：干扰项常表现为“偷换概念”（如“all”代替“some”）、“无中生有”（如添加原文未提的因果）、“逻辑颠倒”（如因果倒置）。 4. 推导隐含逻辑，解答推理题​ 核心目标：准确回答推理题（占比35%），避免“主观联想”。 操作方法： 找逻辑链：如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”（如“谷歌尝试22次失败→失败是可接受的→作者支持坚持”）； 用反推法：若原文说“反对某政策”，选项可能反向表述为“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行）（如2025年真题《垃圾分类政策》中，作者提到“some people oppose the policy because of its inconvenience”，反推作者对政策的态度是“中立但有保留”）； 关注情感词：作者态度常通过情感色彩词（如“remarkably beneficial”（显著有益）、“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行））表达，例如，2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，“although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm”中的“although”表转折，强调作者对社交媒体的肯定态度（利大于弊）。 四、2026年中考英语说明文预测分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，2026年南通中考说明文的命题趋势可概括为以下几点： 1. 主题预测：聚焦社会热点与地域文化​ 社会热点：环保（如“南通濠河生态修复”“垃圾分类政策”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”“杭州亚运会智能场馆”）、文化传承（如“南通蓝印花布的现代创新”“宋韵文化的传播”）、社会热点（如“青少年心理健康”“双减政策下的校园活动”）是核心主题。例如，2026年可能考查“南通蓝印花布的传承”（结合传统工艺与现代设计）或“AI在农业中的应用”（结合科技与农业）。 地域文化：江苏特色元素（如“南通博物苑”“苏州园林”“南京云锦”）将成为高频考点，需积累相关术语（如“Nantong Museum”（南通博物苑）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Yunjin”（南京云锦））。 2. 题型预测：创新题型与跨学科融合​ 创新题型：多模态文本（如图表+议论文）（如“千岛湖碳排放数据+议论文”）、观点匹配题（如“将论点与学者观点配对”）、论证链条补全（如“补全缺失的论据或过渡句”）将成为新考点。例如，2026年可能给出“千岛湖2018-2024年水质变化图表”，要求考生结合图表写一篇关于“生态修复的效果”的议论文。 跨学科融合：地理（如“钱塘江潮汐成因”）、历史（如“良渚玉器制作工艺”）、科学（如“可再生能源的原理”）背景的说明文将增多，需具备跨学科知识（如“钱塘江潮汐是由月球引力引起的”）。 3. 难度预测：稳中有升，注重批判性思维​ 难度提升点：抽象论证（如“humanity’s survival depends on sustainable development”（人类的生存取决于可持续发展））、多视角对比（如“正方：AI有助于教育；反方：AI会导致学生依赖”）、长难句比例上升（如含定语从句的复合句）将成为难点。例如，2026年可能考查“AI在教育中的应用”（结合正反方观点），要求考生辩证分析（如“AI提高效率但存在隐私风险”）。 五、2026年中考英语说明文备考建议​ 针对上述重难点与预测趋势，提出以下备考建议： 1. 积累高频主题词汇，构建“主题词库”​ 分类积累：按环保、科技、文化、社会分类整理词汇（如环保类的“ecological balance”（生态平衡）、“zero waste”（零浪费）；科技类的“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart homes”（智能家居）；文化类的“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）、“traditional craft”（传统工艺））。 本土词汇：重点积累江苏地域文化词汇（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Museum”（南京博物院）），避免因“文化词汇”陌生失分。 2. 强化逻辑训练，掌握“说明顺序”​ 分析真题：精练2024-2025年南通中考说明文真题，标注逻辑词（如“however/therefore”）、论点句（如段落首句）、论据（如数据、例子），梳理文章逻辑链（如“论点→论据→结论”）。 思维导图：用思维导图梳理文章结构（如“中心论点→分论点1→论据1→分论点2→论据2→结论”），提升逻辑分析能力。 3. 提升长难句分析能力，拆解“句子主干”​ 每日精析：每天精析1-2句长难句（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”），标注主干（主谓宾）（如“its high cost remains a barrier”）和修饰成分（如定语从句、状语从句）（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions”），提升句子理解能力。 总结句式：总结常见句式（如“It is...that...”（强调句）、“not only...but also...”（并列句）），提高句子拆解速度。 4. 关注社会热点与地域文化，积累“背景知识”​ 本土文化：阅读《南通文化英文小百科》《苏州园林文化》等资料，熟悉南通蓝印花布、苏州园林等地域文化的英文表达（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林））。 社会热点：阅读《21世纪英文报》《China Daily》等报纸，关注环保（如“濠河生态修复”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”）、文化（如“宋韵文化的传播”）等热点话题，积累相关词汇（如“ecological restoration”（生态修复）、“AI in agriculture”（AI在农业中的应用））。 5. 限时模拟训练，提升“解题速度”​ 限时练习：每天完成1篇说明文阅读，限时8-10分钟（模拟考场节奏），培养“快速定位关键信息”的能力。 错题复盘：建立错题本，标注错误类型（如“逻辑断层”“过度推断”），分析原因（如“误将论据当作论点”），总结解题规律（如“关注转折词后的观点”）。 六、总结​ 2026年南通中考英语说明文侧重“信息提取、逻辑分析与文化融合”的综合考查，重难点在于专业术语与长难句的理解、逻辑结构的梳理、隐含信息的推断、文化背景的融合。解题关键是“四步法”（速读标题与首尾段→分析段落结构→定位关键信息→推导隐含逻辑），备考重点是积累高频主题词汇、强化逻辑训练、提升长难句分析能力、关注社会热点与地域文化。 此外，需关注创新题型（如多模态文本）与跨学科融合（如地理、历史背景），积累相关背景知识与词汇，避免因“陌生话题”失分。只要掌握解题步骤与备考建议，就能在2026年中考英语说明文中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A Beijing silk figurines (绢人) are a kind of traditional doll with a history of more than 1,000 years. For many people, they’re not just toys. Some send Beijing silk figurines to the old to wish them a long and healthy life, and some buy them to decorate (装饰) their homes. Most characters of Beijing silk figurines come from Chinese stories and traditional operas. The main characters include Yang Yuhuan, Mu Guiying and Hua Mulan. Now artists also create new ones like the 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs. Different characters have different hairstyles and clothing. Artists usually use natural silk to make figurines’ faces and hands, and use silk cloth to make the other parts of them. The dolls look like the real ones. Making a figurine is really hard. It usually takes artists about two months to finish one. Li Yingdong, a Beijing silk figurine artist who has been working on the craft for more than 30 years, says, “As for the materials, Beijing silk figurines are almost made of Chinese silk from head to toe. The clothing, facial expressions and posture (姿势) all show Chinese characteristics vividly (生动地). To make the perfect doll requires many careful steps, including carving, painting and dress-making.” Li especially enjoys making the eyes. He believes they’re the most important part of the design because they decide the facial expressions and, if they’re well-made, they can create a lifelike quality. “It’s said that the eyes are the window to the soul,” he says. “Through the eyes, people can see the figurine’s innermost being. To give a doll real character, the eyes are the most important part.” Today, Beijing silk figurines are recognised as a national treasure of China and they are popular all around the world, and people also call them “Chinese Barbie dolls”. 1．It usually takes artists about ________ days to finish a Beijing silk figurine. A．10 B．30 C．40 D．60 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ________ . A．why artists really like to make the figurines B．where people can make the figurines C．the main characters of the figurines D．how the artists make the figurines 3．According to Li Yingdong, why are the eyes the most important part of the design? A．Because the eyes are made of better cloth and need more steps. B．Because he enjoys making the eyes to earn more money. C．Because the eyes can make the whole doll more beautiful. D．Because the eyes decide whether a silk figurine looks real or not. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To show us artists’ busy and colourful life. B．To let us learn more about Beijing silk figurines. C．To tell us where to buy Beijing silk figurines. D．To show us how beautiful Beijing silk figurines are. B In recent years, technology has changed the way we live and study. For students in Nanjing, technology has brought many convenient changes to their school life. One of the biggest changes is the use of smart classrooms. Many schools in Nanjing have equipped (配备) their classrooms with smart whiteboards, computers, and projectors. Teachers can use these tools to make their lessons more interesting. For example, they can show videos, pictures, and animations to help students understand difficult knowledge. Students can also interact (互动) with the smart whiteboards by touching the screen. This makes learning more active and enjoyable. Another change is online learning. During holidays or when students are ill, they can take online classes at home. Many schools in Nanjing have their own online learning platforms, where teachers upload lesson videos, homework and learning materials. Students can study at their own pace (节奏) and review the lessons as many times as they want. Online learning also allows students to communicate with their teachers and classmates through messages or video calls. Technology has also made school management more efficient. For example, many schools use electronic cards for students to enter the school and borrow books from the library. Parents can also receive messages from the school about their children’s attendance (出勤) and grades. This helps parents keep track of their children’s school life. However, technology also brings some challenges. Some students may spend too much time playing computer games or using social media instead of studying. Also, long-time use of electronic devices may be bad for students’ eyes. To deal with these problems, schools and parents need to guide students to use technology properly. Overall, technology has greatly improved students’ school life in Nanjing. It has made learning more interesting, convenient, and efficient. As technology continues to develop, we can expect more positive changes in education. 1．What tools are used in smart classrooms in Nanjing’s schools? A．Smart whiteboards, computers, and projectors. B．Electronic cards and online platforms. C．Video calls and social media. D．Libraries and textbooks. 2．How can online learning help students? A．They can study at their own pace and review lessons. B．They can play computer games during classes. C．They don’t need to do homework. D．They can meet their teachers in person. 3．What is the benefit of electronic cards in schools? A．They help students study better. B．They make school management more efficient. C．They are bad for students’ eyes. D．They allow students to use social media. 4．What challenges does technology bring to students? ①Spending too much time on games or social media. ②Bad eyesight from using electronic media devices. ③Difficulty in communicating with classmates. ④No access to online learning platforms. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．③④ C Ningxia is in the northwest of China, and desertification (沙漠化) is a big environmental problem here. For many years, people in Ningxia have been working hard to fight against the desert. Now, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), the desert control work in Ningxia has become more efficient and smart. The AI desert control system is used in the Tengger Desert in Ningxia. It has cameras and sensors (传感器) that can monitor (监测) the desert environment 24 hours a day. The sensors can collect data (数据) about the soil moisture (土壤湿度) , wind speed and temperature. The AI system then analyzes the data and tells workers when and where to water the sand and plant trees. This makes the tree-planting work more targeted (有针对性的), and the survival rate (成活率) of the trees has risen from 60% to 85%. The AI system can also monitor the growth of the trees. If a tree is sick or short of water, the system will send an alarm to the workers’ mobile phones at once. Workers can then go to check and take care of the tree in time. Besides, the AI system can also help workers find the best places to build sand barriers (沙障) , which can stop the sand from moving forward. “AI has brought a big change to our desert control work,” says a worker in the Tengger Desert. “Before, we had to check the desert environment by ourselves, which took a lot of time and energy. Now, the AI system does most of the work for us, and we can use our time to do more practical things.” With the help of AI and people’s hard work, more and more desert land in Ningxia has turned into green land. 1．What is the big environmental problem in Ningxia mentioned in the passage? A．Water pollution. B．Desertification. C．Air pollution. D．Soil erosion. 2．What can the sensors of the AI system collect? A．Data about the desert environment. B．Data about the workers’ work time. C．Data about the number of sand barriers. D．Data about the types of trees in the desert. 3．How does the AI system help with tree-planting? A．It plants trees by itself in the desert. B．It analyzes data and tells workers when and where to water and plant trees. C．It gives workers advice on how to take care of their health. D．It builds sand barriers for the trees automatically. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI makes desert control work in Ningxia more efficient. B．The survival rate of trees in the desert is still very low. C．Workers no longer need to work in the desert with the help of AI. D．The AI system can only work in the Tengger Desert in Ningxia. 【提升题】 A In China, more and more adults are becoming overweight. In fact, 34.8% of adults are overweight and 14.1% are obese (肥胖的). The number of obese people is growing faster than the number of those who are just overweight. Experts say that each year there are 5.4% more obese adults in China. Zhang Zhongtao, who works at Beijing Friendship Hospital, said that obesity was causing big health and money problems around the world. It is now a serious public health problem in China. By the year of 2030, it is expected that China will spend about 22% of all its healthcare money on problems related to being overweight or obese. At a meeting, Zhang asked people to pay more attention to obesity and how to manage weight. He believes that the government and society do not focus enough on this problem. “We hope to work with public charities to give help to obese patients who need to lose weight medically but can’t pay for it.” he said. He also explained why people become overweight. It is mainly because they eat more energy than they run out of. In the north of China, people like to eat noodles, and in the south, they prefer rice. Both foods have carbohydrates (碳水化合物), but eating noodles can make you gain more weight. Climate (气候) also affects people in the north. Because it’s colder, they like to eat foods with more calories, like fried chicken and chocolate, to stay warm. Obesity is a common problem and can lead to other diseases. This is why it’s so important to prevent and control obesity to help build a “Healthy China”. 1．What reasons for being overweight are true according to the passage? ①Eating too much. ②The climate in the north. ③Suffering from a disease. ④Preferring noodles to rice. ⑤Eating too late. ⑥Being in a poor sleep. A．①③④ B．②④⑥ C．①②④ D．②③⑤ 2．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．There are 5.4% more obese children in China each year. B．Rice and fried chicken are good for keeping out of the cold completely. C．People have full understanding about the problems of being overweight. D．Overweight and obese problems may cover less than a quarter of China’s medical cost. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．You are what you eat. B．How much you spend on losing weight. C．Rising obesity rates in China need attention. D．Overweight adults like to eat more food. C ①All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to make a green building? A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. ②When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. ③Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (水槽) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the buildings, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. ④Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural centre in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the US has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. ⑤More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place. 1．Which of the following will not be used in the green buildings? A．Wind. B．Water. C．Plastic. D．Recycled glass bottles. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Designing buildings. B．Going green. C．Using energy. D．Recycling materials 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Architects like natural light in the buildings. B．Rainwater can be saved in a green building. C．Plants are put on the floor of green buildings. D．Green buildings are very popular in the west. 4．How is the text organised? A． B． C． D． C Long ago, silk was said to be invented by Leizu, wife of the Yellow Emperor. This soft, strong cloth was so valuable that it’s called “China’s Gold”. Following emperors’ orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries. During the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian traveled west to Central Asia and brought silk there. As years passed by, silk became so important that the trade road from Europe to China got its name—the Silk Road. The Silk Road became a busy highway for traders who carried things across deserts and mountains. From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices (香料), gold and silver from the West. Soon, the Silk Road was more than a trade road—it became a bridge for sharing ideas, technologies and cultures. Chinese inventions like paper-making spread west, while new math and science ideas came east. Most importantly, it helped cultures learn from each other. Art, music and even language were shared along this road. In places like the Dunhuang Grottoes (敦煌石窟), you can see how art pieces combined (融合) Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive. It can’t be seen anywhere else. The Silk Road tells us how people from different lands became friends through trade and shared ideas. It stands as an example of cooperation (合作) and communication, teaching us to respect (尊重) different traditions and showing cultures work together to create amazing things. 1．What was spread from China to the West according to Paragraph 3? A．Silk and gold. B．New ideas of science. C．Spices and silver. D．Tea and paper-making. 2．What is the right order of the following facts from the passage? ①Zhang Qian traveled west with silk. ②Art and language were shared along the Silk Road. ③Traders from China and the West exchanged things. ④The Chinese were ordered to keep the secret of making silk. A．①—④—③—② B．①—③—④—② C．④—①—③—② D．④—③—②—① 3．What does the underlined word “distinctive” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Special. B．Public. C．Popular. D．Strong. 4．What does the story of the Silk Road mainly tell us? A．The change of world trade. B．The introduction of silk cloth. C．The effect of technology in history. D．The importance of cross-cultural communication. 【拔高题】 A Paper is one of the basic products of the modern world. From books to toilet paper, everyone uses paper in daily life. According to a report, 40% of the 15 billion trees felled (砍伐) are used to produce paper every year. More importantly, the paper-making process uses lots of water and causes air pollution. This is where Releaf Paper comes in. The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves. The company was set up by Valentyn Frechka. He has always been interested in biochemistry (生物化学), which led him to try making paper from grass. When that failed, he moved on to leaves and achieved success. ______ Some European cities collect leaves from their streets and send them to Releaf Paper. Then, using mechanical (机械的) and chemical processes, the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) from 2.3 tons of leaves. Cellulose is the material that paper is made of. Lignin (木质素), the leftover (残留物) from the processes, is then sent back to the cities to be used as fertilizer (化肥). The new processes use 15 times less water and cause less air pollution than the traditional paper producing model. “We are working only with the leaves that we get from cities because we cannot use the leaves from the forest. It’s not easy to collect them in the forest, and there is no need because there is an ecosystem,” Frechka said. “We get leaves for making paper and return lignin to the cities. It’s like a win-win model.” 1．What does the underlined word “ingenious” mean? A．Long. B．Expensive. C．Traditional. D．Creative. 2．Which sentence can be put in ______? A．So how is the paper produced? B．What can people do with waste? C．Why did Frechka start Releaf Paper? D．Why is producing eco-friendly paper important? 3．How does Releaf Paper make environmentally friendly paper? A．By moving to a new location. B．By using a different material. C．By inventing greener machines. D．By collecting leaves in the forest. 4．What do we know about lignin? A．It’s a kind of harmful waste. B．It can be used in city gardens. C．Paper is made of the material. D．It can be used to create cellulose. B The Spring Equinox(春分) is the time when day and night are of the same length. On this day, the sun shines vertically on the equator. After this day, the sun moves north, making day longer in the Northern hemisphere(北半球) and night longer in the Southern hemisphere. There are some interesting facts about the Spring Equinox you might not know. ①__________ Long ago, Chinese people split the Spring Equinox into three periods, each lasting five days. According to an old saying, during the first period, swallows fly back north; in the second period, we can hear thunder(雷声); in the third period, lightning happens more. This mainly describes the weather changes during the Spring Equinox. ②__________ During the Spring Equinox, there is a fun tradition of trying to stand an egg upright. This custom is over 4,000 years old. People do it to celebrate spring's arrival. It's said that if you can make an egg stand up, good luck will come your way. Some think that the Spring Equinox is the best time for this game because the Earth's axis(地轴) is nicely balanced with the path it takes around the sun. This balance might help you stand an egg up easily. ③__________ Eating vegetables that grow in spring is a common custom in China when the Spring Equinox arrives. These "spring vegetables" are different in different places. Huangdi Neijing, an ancient Chinese book, suggests eating them for better health and active brain. ④__________ The Spring Equinox is a good time to fly kites. In ancient times, people didn't have good medical help. To hope for health, they wrote their health problems on a paper kite. When the kite was in the air, people would cut the string to let the paper kite fly away. It symbolized that diseases were carried away. 1．What will happen in the Southern hemisphere after the Spring Equinox? A．Day is longer than night. B．Night is longer than day. C．Day and night are of the same length. D．The sun shines vertically on the equator. 2．What does the underlined word "split" in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Discussed. B．Divided. C．Provided. D．Offered. 3．Match the title with each part. a. Flying kites   b. An egg-standing game   c. Thunder and lightning d. Eating spring vegetables   e. An ancient Chinese book   f. The periods of the Spring Equinox A．①—c, ②—d, ③—b, ④—a B．①—f, ②—d, ③—b, ④—e C．①—c, ②—d, ③—a, ④—b D．①—f, ②—b, ③—d, ④—a 4．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．The Spring Equinox may lead to less vegetable planting. B．People can't notice the weather changes during the Spring Equinox. C．Ancient people might believe health is connected with flying kites. D．Standing an egg up during the Spring Equinox is believed to bring health. C Hay-on-Wye is a small town on the border (边界) between England and Wales. In Hay-on-Wye, there are books in the house, bookcases on the streets and a surprising number of little bookstores. It has the largest secondhand bookstore in the world. This little town isn’t turned into a wonderland (胜地) for book lovers overnight. The idea was born in 1961. After hearing that a few libraries in America were closing down, a man called Richard Booth spent some time collecting a number of old books. Then he opened Hay-on-Wye’s first secondhand bookshop in an old house. Soon, many other people in the town followed him and opened their own bookshops. As more and more bookstores opened, by the 1970s, this little town had completely become a town of books. Now, the Hay Festival is held in Hay-on-Wye every year. Great writers, thinkers, artists and musicians from all over the world come here to celebrate and share their ideas. Hay-on-Wye also has a lot to offer more than books. There are also many antique (古董) shops in the town. There, you probably can find interesting things such as old maps and nice plates. They may remind travelers of Hay-on-Wye’s past in different ways. Hay-on-Wye is also a perfect place to relax yourself. People can enjoy hiking, horse riding, mountain climbing, bird watching, fishing, camping and many other outdoor activities here. Welcome to the town of books and enjoy the wonderful taste of books. 1．What can travelers see the most in Hay-on-Wye? A．Books and bookstores. B．Antiques and antique shops. C．Museums and old houses. D．Old maps and nice plates. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Why Hay-on-Wye became a town of books. B．How Hay-on-Wye became a town of books. C．When Hay-on-Wye became a town of books. D．How long Hay-on-Wye has become a town of books. 3．What do people do on the Hay Festival? A．They share their ideas. B．They enjoy the antiques. C．They do outdoor activities. D．They read secondhand books. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Science. B．Travel. C．Culture. D．History. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点04 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年南通中考英语说明文考试概况​ 2026年南通中考英语说明文是阅读理解的核心题型之一（占比约30%-40%），遵循《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》要求，侧重信息提取、逻辑分析与文化融合的考查。文本长度约200-300词，生词率控制在3%以内，语言严谨且结构清晰（如“总-分-总”“问题-解决”）。题型以细节理解题（40%）、推理判断题（35%）、主旨大意题（15%）、词义猜测题（10%）为主，其中推理判断题为重点考查方向（需结合上下文推导隐含结论）。 二、2026年中考英语说明文重难点分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，说明文的核心重难点集中在以下板块： 1. 专业术语与长难句：跨学科知识的理解障碍​ 专业术语：说明文常涉及科技（如“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart homes”（智能家居））、环保（如“carbon footprint”（碳足迹）、“ecosystem”（生态系统））、文化（如“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）、“traditional craft”（传统工艺））等领域的术语。例如，2025年真题《南通蓝印花布的传承》中，“traditional craft”（传统工艺）与“modern design”（现代设计）的结合是核心话题，需理解“蓝印花布”的文化内涵才能回答相关问题。 长难句解析：说明文多使用复合句（如含定语从句、状语从句的句式），需拆解句子主干（主谓宾）以提取关键信息。例如，“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”中，“Although”引导让步状语从句，主干为“its high cost remains a barrier”（其高成本仍是障碍），需理解“renewable energy”（可再生能源）与“carbon emissions”（碳排放）的关系。 2. 逻辑结构与隐含信息：深层理解的挑战​ 逻辑结构：说明文的说明顺序（时间、空间、逻辑）与论证方式（举例、对比、因果）是理解的关键。例如，“问题-解决”型说明文（如“如何解决城市交通拥堵？”）需理清“问题表现→原因分析→解决方案”的逻辑链；“现象-本质”型说明文（如“为什么天空是蓝色的？”）需区分“现象描述”与“本质解释”。 隐含信息推断：需结合上下文逻辑推导作者未直接表达的立场。例如，文中提到“Silicon Valley prizes youth over experience, believing that people under 35 are those who make changes happen”，但随后用“many businessmen succeed in their 40s and beyond”反驳，隐含作者对“硅谷推崇年轻”的否定态度。 3. 文化背景与跨学科融合：知识迁移的要求​ 文化背景：南通中考说明文常融入江苏地域文化元素（如“南通蓝印花布”“苏州园林”“南京博物院”），需积累相关术语（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林））。例如，2025年真题《南通蓝印花布的传承》中，“traditional craft”（传统工艺）与“modern design”（现代设计）的结合是核心话题，需理解“蓝印花布”的文化内涵才能回答相关问题。 跨学科融合：说明文可能涉及科学（如“垃圾分类的原理”）、社会（如“环保政策的效果”）、文化（如“传统工艺的现代创新”）等跨学科知识，需具备知识迁移能力。例如，“垃圾分类”的说明文需结合“生态学”知识理解“可回收物”的分类标准。 三、2026年中考英语说明文解题步骤​ 针对说明文的重难点，采用“四步法”解题策略，可有效提升正确率： 1. 速读标题与首尾段，锁定说明对象​ 核心目标：快速把握文章主题与作者核心观点。 操作方法： 读标题：标记标题中的核心名词（如“Solar Energy”（太阳能）），明确说明范围； 读首段：关注主题句（如“Climate change is one of the biggest challenges today.”（气候变化是当今最大的挑战之一）），通常位于首段末句或第二句； 读尾段：关注总结句（如“Therefore, recycling is essential for sustainability.”（因此，回收对可持续性至关重要）），通常是对中心论点的重申或升华。 2. 分析段落结构，识别说明顺序​ 核心目标：理清论点与论据的关系，避免逻辑断层。 操作方法： 读段落首句：80%的段落首句是主题句（如“One key reason for this is the ‘series order effect’”（其中一个关键原因是“系列顺序效应”）），需标注并串联成逻辑链； 圈逻辑词：如“however”（转折）、“therefore”（因果）、“for example”（举例），这些词是论点切换的信号（如“however”后通常是作者的重要观点）； 识别说明顺序：根据段落内容判断是“时间顺序”（如“造纸术的演变”）、“空间顺序”（如“博物馆的展厅分布”）还是“逻辑顺序”（如“从现象到本质”）。 3. 定位关键信息，解答细节题​ 核心目标：准确回答细节题（占比40%），避免“过度推断”。 操作方法： 读题干：标记关键词（如“series order effect”（系列顺序效应）、“Silicon Valley”（硅谷）），明确问题指向； 回原文：根据关键词定位原文句子（如“series order effect”位于第五段首句），逐词比对选项与原文（如选项“ It explains why failure is common and acceptable”（它解释了为什么失败是常见的和可接受的）与原文“Success can come when you have tried two, three, or even twenty-two times”（当你尝试两次、三次甚至二十二次时，成功就会到来）一致）； 排除干扰项：干扰项常表现为“偷换概念”（如“all”代替“some”）、“无中生有”（如添加原文未提的因果）、“逻辑颠倒”（如因果倒置）。 4. 推导隐含逻辑，解答推理题​ 核心目标：准确回答推理题（占比35%），避免“主观联想”。 操作方法： 找逻辑链：如“数据A→现象B→作者观点C”（如“谷歌尝试22次失败→失败是可接受的→作者支持坚持”）； 用反推法：若原文说“反对某政策”，选项可能反向表述为“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行）（如2025年真题《垃圾分类政策》中，作者提到“some people oppose the policy because of its inconvenience”，反推作者对政策的态度是“中立但有保留”）； 关注情感词：作者态度常通过情感色彩词（如“remarkably beneficial”（显著有益）、“criticize its implementation”（批评其执行））表达，例如，2025年真题《社交媒体的利弊》中，“although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm”中的“although”表转折，强调作者对社交媒体的肯定态度（利大于弊）。 四、2026年中考英语说明文预测分析​ 结合2025年改革方向及2026年命题趋势，2026年南通中考说明文的命题趋势可概括为以下几点： 1. 主题预测：聚焦社会热点与地域文化​ 社会热点：环保（如“南通濠河生态修复”“垃圾分类政策”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”“杭州亚运会智能场馆”）、文化传承（如“南通蓝印花布的现代创新”“宋韵文化的传播”）、社会热点（如“青少年心理健康”“双减政策下的校园活动”）是核心主题。例如，2026年可能考查“南通蓝印花布的传承”（结合传统工艺与现代设计）或“AI在农业中的应用”（结合科技与农业）。 地域文化：江苏特色元素（如“南通博物苑”“苏州园林”“南京云锦”）将成为高频考点，需积累相关术语（如“Nantong Museum”（南通博物苑）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Yunjin”（南京云锦））。 2. 题型预测：创新题型与跨学科融合​ 创新题型：多模态文本（如图表+议论文）（如“千岛湖碳排放数据+议论文”）、观点匹配题（如“将论点与学者观点配对”）、论证链条补全（如“补全缺失的论据或过渡句”）将成为新考点。例如，2026年可能给出“千岛湖2018-2024年水质变化图表”，要求考生结合图表写一篇关于“生态修复的效果”的议论文。 跨学科融合：地理（如“钱塘江潮汐成因”）、历史（如“良渚玉器制作工艺”）、科学（如“可再生能源的原理”）背景的说明文将增多，需具备跨学科知识（如“钱塘江潮汐是由月球引力引起的”）。 3. 难度预测：稳中有升，注重批判性思维​ 难度提升点：抽象论证（如“humanity’s survival depends on sustainable development”（人类的生存取决于可持续发展））、多视角对比（如“正方：AI有助于教育；反方：AI会导致学生依赖”）、长难句比例上升（如含定语从句的复合句）将成为难点。例如，2026年可能考查“AI在教育中的应用”（结合正反方观点），要求考生辩证分析（如“AI提高效率但存在隐私风险”）。 五、2026年中考英语说明文备考建议​ 针对上述重难点与预测趋势，提出以下备考建议： 1. 积累高频主题词汇，构建“主题词库”​ 分类积累：按环保、科技、文化、社会分类整理词汇（如环保类的“ecological balance”（生态平衡）、“zero waste”（零浪费）；科技类的“AI ethics”（AI伦理）、“smart homes”（智能家居）；文化类的“intangible cultural heritage”（非物质文化遗产）、“traditional craft”（传统工艺））。 本土词汇：重点积累江苏地域文化词汇（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林）、“Nanjing Museum”（南京博物院）），避免因“文化词汇”陌生失分。 2. 强化逻辑训练，掌握“说明顺序”​ 分析真题：精练2024-2025年南通中考说明文真题，标注逻辑词（如“however/therefore”）、论点句（如段落首句）、论据（如数据、例子），梳理文章逻辑链（如“论点→论据→结论”）。 思维导图：用思维导图梳理文章结构（如“中心论点→分论点1→论据1→分论点2→论据2→结论”），提升逻辑分析能力。 3. 提升长难句分析能力，拆解“句子主干”​ 每日精析：每天精析1-2句长难句（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions, its high cost remains a barrier to widespread adoption”），标注主干（主谓宾）（如“its high cost remains a barrier”）和修饰成分（如定语从句、状语从句）（如“Although renewable energy is promoted to reduce carbon emissions”），提升句子理解能力。 总结句式：总结常见句式（如“It is...that...”（强调句）、“not only...but also...”（并列句）），提高句子拆解速度。 4. 关注社会热点与地域文化，积累“背景知识”​ 本土文化：阅读《南通文化英文小百科》《苏州园林文化》等资料，熟悉南通蓝印花布、苏州园林等地域文化的英文表达（如“blue calico”（蓝印花布）、“Suzhou Garden”（苏州园林））。 社会热点：阅读《21世纪英文报》《China Daily》等报纸，关注环保（如“濠河生态修复”）、科技（如“AI在农业中的应用”）、文化（如“宋韵文化的传播”）等热点话题，积累相关词汇（如“ecological restoration”（生态修复）、“AI in agriculture”（AI在农业中的应用））。 5. 限时模拟训练，提升“解题速度”​ 限时练习：每天完成1篇说明文阅读，限时8-10分钟（模拟考场节奏），培养“快速定位关键信息”的能力。 错题复盘：建立错题本，标注错误类型（如“逻辑断层”“过度推断”），分析原因（如“误将论据当作论点”），总结解题规律（如“关注转折词后的观点”）。 六、总结​ 2026年南通中考英语说明文侧重“信息提取、逻辑分析与文化融合”的综合考查，重难点在于专业术语与长难句的理解、逻辑结构的梳理、隐含信息的推断、文化背景的融合。解题关键是“四步法”（速读标题与首尾段→分析段落结构→定位关键信息→推导隐含逻辑），备考重点是积累高频主题词汇、强化逻辑训练、提升长难句分析能力、关注社会热点与地域文化。 此外，需关注创新题型（如多模态文本）与跨学科融合（如地理、历史背景），积累相关背景知识与词汇，避免因“陌生话题”失分。只要掌握解题步骤与备考建议，就能在2026年中考英语说明文中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A Beijing silk figurines (绢人) are a kind of traditional doll with a history of more than 1,000 years. For many people, they’re not just toys. Some send Beijing silk figurines to the old to wish them a long and healthy life, and some buy them to decorate (装饰) their homes. Most characters of Beijing silk figurines come from Chinese stories and traditional operas. The main characters include Yang Yuhuan, Mu Guiying and Hua Mulan. Now artists also create new ones like the 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs. Different characters have different hairstyles and clothing. Artists usually use natural silk to make figurines’ faces and hands, and use silk cloth to make the other parts of them. The dolls look like the real ones. Making a figurine is really hard. It usually takes artists about two months to finish one. Li Yingdong, a Beijing silk figurine artist who has been working on the craft for more than 30 years, says, “As for the materials, Beijing silk figurines are almost made of Chinese silk from head to toe. The clothing, facial expressions and posture (姿势) all show Chinese characteristics vividly (生动地). To make the perfect doll requires many careful steps, including carving, painting and dress-making.” Li especially enjoys making the eyes. He believes they’re the most important part of the design because they decide the facial expressions and, if they’re well-made, they can create a lifelike quality. “It’s said that the eyes are the window to the soul,” he says. “Through the eyes, people can see the figurine’s innermost being. To give a doll real character, the eyes are the most important part.” Today, Beijing silk figurines are recognised as a national treasure of China and they are popular all around the world, and people also call them “Chinese Barbie dolls”. 1．It usually takes artists about ________ days to finish a Beijing silk figurine. A．10 B．30 C．40 D．60 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ________ . A．why artists really like to make the figurines B．where people can make the figurines C．the main characters of the figurines D．how the artists make the figurines 3．According to Li Yingdong, why are the eyes the most important part of the design? A．Because the eyes are made of better cloth and need more steps. B．Because he enjoys making the eyes to earn more money. C．Because the eyes can make the whole doll more beautiful. D．Because the eyes decide whether a silk figurine looks real or not. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To show us artists’ busy and colourful life. B．To let us learn more about Beijing silk figurines. C．To tell us where to buy Beijing silk figurines. D．To show us how beautiful Beijing silk figurines are. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】中华文化、说明文、传统工艺 【导语】本文介绍北京绢人这一传统工艺品的历史、角色、制作工艺及重要性，展现其作为中国国宝的魅力。 1．细节理解题。根据“It usually takes artists about two months to finish one.”可知，艺术家完成一个北京绢人通常需要大约两个月，即60天。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Most characters of Beijing silk figurines come from Chinese stories and traditional operas. The main characters include Yang Yuhuan, Mu Guiying and Hua Mulan.”可知，第二段介绍了绢人的主要角色。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“He believes they’re the most important part of the design because they decide the facial expressions and, if they’re well-made, they can create a lifelike quality.”可知，眼睛决定面部表情，制作精良能赋予绢人栩栩如生的质感，即决定绢人是否看起来真实。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文从历史、角色、制作工艺、重要性等多方面介绍北京绢人可知，文章目的是让我们更多地了解北京绢人。故选B。 B In recent years, technology has changed the way we live and study. For students in Nanjing, technology has brought many convenient changes to their school life. One of the biggest changes is the use of smart classrooms. Many schools in Nanjing have equipped (配备) their classrooms with smart whiteboards, computers, and projectors. Teachers can use these tools to make their lessons more interesting. For example, they can show videos, pictures, and animations to help students understand difficult knowledge. Students can also interact (互动) with the smart whiteboards by touching the screen. This makes learning more active and enjoyable. Another change is online learning. During holidays or when students are ill, they can take online classes at home. Many schools in Nanjing have their own online learning platforms, where teachers upload lesson videos, homework and learning materials. Students can study at their own pace (节奏) and review the lessons as many times as they want. Online learning also allows students to communicate with their teachers and classmates through messages or video calls. Technology has also made school management more efficient. For example, many schools use electronic cards for students to enter the school and borrow books from the library. Parents can also receive messages from the school about their children’s attendance (出勤) and grades. This helps parents keep track of their children’s school life. However, technology also brings some challenges. Some students may spend too much time playing computer games or using social media instead of studying. Also, long-time use of electronic devices may be bad for students’ eyes. To deal with these problems, schools and parents need to guide students to use technology properly. Overall, technology has greatly improved students’ school life in Nanjing. It has made learning more interesting, convenient, and efficient. As technology continues to develop, we can expect more positive changes in education. 1．What tools are used in smart classrooms in Nanjing’s schools? A．Smart whiteboards, computers, and projectors. B．Electronic cards and online platforms. C．Video calls and social media. D．Libraries and textbooks. 2．How can online learning help students? A．They can study at their own pace and review lessons. B．They can play computer games during classes. C．They don’t need to do homework. D．They can meet their teachers in person. 3．What is the benefit of electronic cards in schools? A．They help students study better. B．They make school management more efficient. C．They are bad for students’ eyes. D．They allow students to use social media. 4．What challenges does technology bring to students? ①Spending too much time on games or social media. ②Bad eyesight from using electronic media devices. ③Difficulty in communicating with classmates. ④No access to online learning platforms. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．③④ 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.88 【知识点】科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文讲述科技为南京学生校园生活带来智能教室、在线学习、高效管理等便利，也带来一些挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many schools in Nanjing have equipped (配备) their classrooms with smart whiteboards, computers, and projectors.”可知，在南京的学校里，智能教室里使用了智能白板、电脑和投影仪。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Students can study at their own pace (节奏) and review the lessons”可知，在线学习能够帮助学生按照自己的节奏进行学习，并复习课程内容。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Technology has also made school management more efficient. For example, many schools use electronic cards...”可知，电子卡是科技提升校园管理效率的例证，因此其益处是助力高效管理。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some students may spend too much time playing computer games or using social media instead of studying. Also, long-time use of electronic devices may be bad for students’ eyes.”可知，科技带来了两大挑战：在游戏或社交媒体上花费过多时间(对应①)、使用电子设备而导致视力下降(对应②)。故选A。 C Ningxia is in the northwest of China, and desertification (沙漠化) is a big environmental problem here. For many years, people in Ningxia have been working hard to fight against the desert. Now, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), the desert control work in Ningxia has become more efficient and smart. The AI desert control system is used in the Tengger Desert in Ningxia. It has cameras and sensors (传感器) that can monitor (监测) the desert environment 24 hours a day. The sensors can collect data (数据) about the soil moisture (土壤湿度) , wind speed and temperature. The AI system then analyzes the data and tells workers when and where to water the sand and plant trees. This makes the tree-planting work more targeted (有针对性的), and the survival rate (成活率) of the trees has risen from 60% to 85%. The AI system can also monitor the growth of the trees. If a tree is sick or short of water, the system will send an alarm to the workers’ mobile phones at once. Workers can then go to check and take care of the tree in time. Besides, the AI system can also help workers find the best places to build sand barriers (沙障) , which can stop the sand from moving forward. “AI has brought a big change to our desert control work,” says a worker in the Tengger Desert. “Before, we had to check the desert environment by ourselves, which took a lot of time and energy. Now, the AI system does most of the work for us, and we can use our time to do more practical things.” With the help of AI and people’s hard work, more and more desert land in Ningxia has turned into green land. 1．What is the big environmental problem in Ningxia mentioned in the passage? A．Water pollution. B．Desertification. C．Air pollution. D．Soil erosion. 2．What can the sensors of the AI system collect? A．Data about the desert environment. B．Data about the workers’ work time. C．Data about the number of sand barriers. D．Data about the types of trees in the desert. 3．How does the AI system help with tree-planting? A．It plants trees by itself in the desert. B．It analyzes data and tells workers when and where to water and plant trees. C．It gives workers advice on how to take care of their health. D．It builds sand barriers for the trees automatically. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．AI makes desert control work in Ningxia more efficient. B．The survival rate of trees in the desert is still very low. C．Workers no longer need to work in the desert with the help of AI. D．The AI system can only work in the Tengger Desert in Ningxia. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】科学技术、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宁夏利用人工智能技术治理沙漠化，提高了效率和树木成活率。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“desertification is a big environmental problem here”可知，宁夏提到的重大环境问题是沙漠化。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The sensors can collect data about the soil moisture, wind speed and temperature.”可知，传感器收集的是关于沙漠环境的数据。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“The AI system then analyzes the data and tells workers when and where to water the sand and plant trees.”可知，AI系统通过分析数据并告诉工人何时何地浇水和种树来帮助植树。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), the desert control work in Ningxia has become more efficient and smart.”以及全文内容可知，AI使宁夏的沙漠治理工作更高效。故选A。 【提升题】 A In China, more and more adults are becoming overweight. In fact, 34.8% of adults are overweight and 14.1% are obese (肥胖的). The number of obese people is growing faster than the number of those who are just overweight. Experts say that each year there are 5.4% more obese adults in China. Zhang Zhongtao, who works at Beijing Friendship Hospital, said that obesity was causing big health and money problems around the world. It is now a serious public health problem in China. By the year of 2030, it is expected that China will spend about 22% of all its healthcare money on problems related to being overweight or obese. At a meeting, Zhang asked people to pay more attention to obesity and how to manage weight. He believes that the government and society do not focus enough on this problem. “We hope to work with public charities to give help to obese patients who need to lose weight medically but can’t pay for it.” he said. He also explained why people become overweight. It is mainly because they eat more energy than they run out of. In the north of China, people like to eat noodles, and in the south, they prefer rice. Both foods have carbohydrates (碳水化合物), but eating noodles can make you gain more weight. Climate (气候) also affects people in the north. Because it’s colder, they like to eat foods with more calories, like fried chicken and chocolate, to stay warm. Obesity is a common problem and can lead to other diseases. This is why it’s so important to prevent and control obesity to help build a “Healthy China”. 1．What reasons for being overweight are true according to the passage? ①Eating too much. ②The climate in the north. ③Suffering from a disease. ④Preferring noodles to rice. ⑤Eating too late. ⑥Being in a poor sleep. A．①③④ B．②④⑥ C．①②④ D．②③⑤ 2．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．There are 5.4% more obese children in China each year. B．Rice and fried chicken are good for keeping out of the cold completely. C．People have full understanding about the problems of being overweight. D．Overweight and obese problems may cover less than a quarter of China’s medical cost. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．You are what you eat. B．How much you spend on losing weight. C．Rising obesity rates in China need attention. D．Overweight adults like to eat more food. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】健康饮食、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国成年人超重与肥胖问题的现状、成因及影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“He also explained why people become overweight. It is mainly because they eat more energy than they run out of. In the north of China, people like to eat noodles…Both foods have carbohydrates…but eating noodles can make you gain more weight. Climate also affects people in the north. Because it’s colder, they like to eat foods with more calories…”可知，导致超重的原因包括：①吃太多，②北方气候，④相比米饭更偏爱面条。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“…it is expected that China will spend about 22% of all its healthcare money on problems related to being overweight or obese.” 可知，预计到2030年，中国将花费约22%的医疗费用在与超重或肥胖相关的问题上。因此可以推断，超重和肥胖问题可能覆盖的医疗费用略少于四分之一。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。文章整体结构清晰：第一段提出中国成年人超重和肥胖现象日益严重；第二、三段阐述肥胖带来的健康、经济问题以及专家呼吁社会关注和提供帮助；第四段具体分析导致肥胖的原因；第五段总结并强调防控肥胖的重要性。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇即点明中国超重和肥胖成年人数量增多、增长快的现象，接着讨论了其带来的健康与经济负担、社会关注不足的现状、导致肥胖的原因，并最终呼吁防控肥胖以助力“健康中国”。全文核心是围绕中国日益增长的肥胖率及其需要引起重视这一话题展开。故选C。 C ①All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to make a green building? A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. ②When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. ③Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (水槽) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the buildings, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. ④Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural centre in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the US has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. ⑤More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place. 1．Which of the following will not be used in the green buildings? A．Wind. B．Water. C．Plastic. D．Recycled glass bottles. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Designing buildings. B．Going green. C．Using energy. D．Recycling materials 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Architects like natural light in the buildings. B．Rainwater can be saved in a green building. C．Plants are put on the floor of green buildings. D．Green buildings are very popular in the west. 4．How is the text organised? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科普知识、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文介绍绿色建筑的定义、环保设计方式及全球案例，说明其对环境的积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Architects can design buildings to use natural light... use solar or wind power... collect rainwater... use recycled materials... made out of one million recycled glass bottles”可知，风能、水和回收玻璃瓶会被使用，文中未提及塑料。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to make a green building?”可知，it指代前文提到的“让建筑变得环保”这一行为。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater.”可知，绿色建筑可以收集雨水来节约用水。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第①段总述绿色建筑的定义；第②段总述建筑师在设计时要考虑的环保方式；第③段具体介绍节能、节水和环保材料的使用方法；第④段举例说明全球各地的绿色建筑；第⑤段总结绿色建筑的积极意义。整体结构为“总—分—总”，即第①段引出话题，第②③④段展开说明，第⑤段总结，对应选项A的结构。故选A。 C Long ago, silk was said to be invented by Leizu, wife of the Yellow Emperor. This soft, strong cloth was so valuable that it’s called “China’s Gold”. Following emperors’ orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries. During the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian traveled west to Central Asia and brought silk there. As years passed by, silk became so important that the trade road from Europe to China got its name—the Silk Road. The Silk Road became a busy highway for traders who carried things across deserts and mountains. From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices (香料), gold and silver from the West. Soon, the Silk Road was more than a trade road—it became a bridge for sharing ideas, technologies and cultures. Chinese inventions like paper-making spread west, while new math and science ideas came east. Most importantly, it helped cultures learn from each other. Art, music and even language were shared along this road. In places like the Dunhuang Grottoes (敦煌石窟), you can see how art pieces combined (融合) Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive. It can’t be seen anywhere else. The Silk Road tells us how people from different lands became friends through trade and shared ideas. It stands as an example of cooperation (合作) and communication, teaching us to respect (尊重) different traditions and showing cultures work together to create amazing things. 1．What was spread from China to the West according to Paragraph 3? A．Silk and gold. B．New ideas of science. C．Spices and silver. D．Tea and paper-making. 2．What is the right order of the following facts from the passage? ①Zhang Qian traveled west with silk. ②Art and language were shared along the Silk Road. ③Traders from China and the West exchanged things. ④The Chinese were ordered to keep the secret of making silk. A．①—④—③—② B．①—③—④—② C．④—①—③—② D．④—③—②—① 3．What does the underlined word “distinctive” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Special. B．Public. C．Popular. D．Strong. 4．What does the story of the Silk Road mainly tell us? A．The change of world trade. B．The introduction of silk cloth. C．The effect of technology in history. D．The importance of cross-cultural communication. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】中华文化、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了丝绸的起源以及丝绸之路的开辟、发展历程，阐述了丝绸之路在贸易、文化交流等方面的重要意义，强调了跨文化交流的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“From China, people sold silk and tea.”以及“Chinese inventions like paper-making spread west”可知，从中国传播到西方的是丝绸、茶以及造纸术。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Following emperors’ orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries.”可知，先是皇帝下令中国人保守制作丝绸的秘密，即④；根据第二段“During the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian traveled west to Central Asia and brought silk there.”可知，接着张骞带着丝绸西行，即①；根据第三段“The Silk Road became a busy highway for traders who carried things across deserts and mountains. From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices (香料), gold and silver from the West.”可知，然后中国和西方的商人进行物品交换，即③；根据第四段“Art, music and even language were shared along this road.”可知，最后艺术和语言沿着丝绸之路传播，即②。所以正确的顺序是④—①—③—②。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“In places like the Dunhuang Grottoes (敦煌石窟), you can see how art pieces combined (融合) Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive. It can’t be seen anywhere else.”可知，在敦煌石窟这样的地方，能看到艺术作品融合了东西方风格，且在其他地方看不到，由此可推断“distinctive”意为“独特的，特别的”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The Silk Road tells us how people from different lands became friends through trade and shared ideas. It stands as an example of cooperation (合作) and communication, teaching us to respect (尊重) different traditions and showing cultures work together to create amazing things.”可知，丝绸之路的故事主要告诉我们跨文化交流的重要性。故选D。 【拔高题】 A Paper is one of the basic products of the modern world. From books to toilet paper, everyone uses paper in daily life. According to a report, 40% of the 15 billion trees felled (砍伐) are used to produce paper every year. More importantly, the paper-making process uses lots of water and causes air pollution. This is where Releaf Paper comes in. The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves. The company was set up by Valentyn Frechka. He has always been interested in biochemistry (生物化学), which led him to try making paper from grass. When that failed, he moved on to leaves and achieved success. ______ Some European cities collect leaves from their streets and send them to Releaf Paper. Then, using mechanical (机械的) and chemical processes, the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) from 2.3 tons of leaves. Cellulose is the material that paper is made of. Lignin (木质素), the leftover (残留物) from the processes, is then sent back to the cities to be used as fertilizer (化肥). The new processes use 15 times less water and cause less air pollution than the traditional paper producing model. “We are working only with the leaves that we get from cities because we cannot use the leaves from the forest. It’s not easy to collect them in the forest, and there is no need because there is an ecosystem,” Frechka said. “We get leaves for making paper and return lignin to the cities. It’s like a win-win model.” 1．What does the underlined word “ingenious” mean? A．Long. B．Expensive. C．Traditional. D．Creative. 2．Which sentence can be put in ______? A．So how is the paper produced? B．What can people do with waste? C．Why did Frechka start Releaf Paper? D．Why is producing eco-friendly paper important? 3．How does Releaf Paper make environmentally friendly paper? A．By moving to a new location. B．By using a different material. C．By inventing greener machines. D．By collecting leaves in the forest. 4．What do we know about lignin? A．It’s a kind of harmful waste. B．It can be used in city gardens. C．Paper is made of the material. D．It can be used to create cellulose. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】说明文、环境保护、发明与创造 【导语】本文主要介绍了Releaf Paper公司利用树叶生产环保纸张的创新方法及其环保优势。 1．词句猜测题。根据“The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves.”可知，公司没有用木材造纸，而是用树叶，这是一种有创意的方法；“ingenious”表示“有创造力的，巧妙的”，与Creative意思相近。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Some European cities collect leaves from their streets and send them to Releaf Paper. ... Cellulose is the material that paper is made of.”可知，本文主要介绍环保纸的生产过程；选项A“那么纸张是如何生产的呢？”符合语境。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves.”可知，Releaf Paper通过使用不同的材料（树叶而非木材）来制造环保纸张。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Lignin (木质素), the leftover (残留物) from the processes, is then sent back to the cities to be used as fertilizer (化肥).”可知，木质素被送回城市用作化肥；由此推知它可以用于城市花园里面。故选B。 B The Spring Equinox(春分) is the time when day and night are of the same length. On this day, the sun shines vertically on the equator. After this day, the sun moves north, making day longer in the Northern hemisphere(北半球) and night longer in the Southern hemisphere. There are some interesting facts about the Spring Equinox you might not know. ①__________ Long ago, Chinese people split the Spring Equinox into three periods, each lasting five days. According to an old saying, during the first period, swallows fly back north; in the second period, we can hear thunder(雷声); in the third period, lightning happens more. This mainly describes the weather changes during the Spring Equinox. ②__________ During the Spring Equinox, there is a fun tradition of trying to stand an egg upright. This custom is over 4,000 years old. People do it to celebrate spring's arrival. It's said that if you can make an egg stand up, good luck will come your way. Some think that the Spring Equinox is the best time for this game because the Earth's axis(地轴) is nicely balanced with the path it takes around the sun. This balance might help you stand an egg up easily. ③__________ Eating vegetables that grow in spring is a common custom in China when the Spring Equinox arrives. These "spring vegetables" are different in different places. Huangdi Neijing, an ancient Chinese book, suggests eating them for better health and active brain. ④__________ The Spring Equinox is a good time to fly kites. In ancient times, people didn't have good medical help. To hope for health, they wrote their health problems on a paper kite. When the kite was in the air, people would cut the string to let the paper kite fly away. It symbolized that diseases were carried away. 1．What will happen in the Southern hemisphere after the Spring Equinox? A．Day is longer than night. B．Night is longer than day. C．Day and night are of the same length. D．The sun shines vertically on the equator. 2．What does the underlined word "split" in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Discussed. B．Divided. C．Provided. D．Offered. 3．Match the title with each part. a. Flying kites   b. An egg-standing game   c. Thunder and lightning d. Eating spring vegetables   e. An ancient Chinese book   f. The periods of the Spring Equinox A．①—c, ②—d, ③—b, ④—a B．①—f, ②—d, ③—b, ④—e C．①—c, ②—d, ③—a, ④—b D．①—f, ②—b, ③—d, ④—a 4．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．The Spring Equinox may lead to less vegetable planting. B．People can't notice the weather changes during the Spring Equinox. C．Ancient people might believe health is connected with flying kites. D．Standing an egg up during the Spring Equinox is believed to bring health. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】传统节日、说明文、科普知识 【详解】 1．题意：春分过后，南半球会发生什么？ 根据 “After this day, the sun moves north, making day longer in the Northern hemisphere(北半球) and night longer in the Southern hemisphere.”（在这一天之后，太阳向北移动，使得北半球的白天更长，南半球的夜晚更长）可知，春分后南半球夜晚比白天长，故填 Night is longer than day. 故选B。 2．题意：第二段中划线单词 “split” 是什么意思？ 根据 “Long ago, Chinese people split the Spring Equinox into three periods, each lasting five days.”（很久以前，中国人把春分分成三个时段，每个时段持续五天），结合语境，“split” 在这里表示“划分”，“Divided” 也有“划分；分开”的意思，“Discussed”（讨论）、“Provided”（提供）、“Offered”（提供）均不符合，可知“split”的意思是 Divided，故填 Divided.故选B。 3．题意：将标题与各部分匹配。 根据①段 “Long ago, Chinese people split the Spring Equinox into three periods, each lasting five days.”（很久以前，中国人把春分分成三个时段，每个时段持续五天），可知①段讲的是春分的时段划分，对应 f “The periods of the Spring Equinox”，即①—f； 根据②段 “During the Spring Equinox, there is a fun tradition of trying to stand an egg upright.”（在春分期间，有一个有趣的传统，就是尝试把鸡蛋立起来），可知②段讲的是立蛋游戏，对应 b “An egg-standing game”，即②—b； 根据③段 “Eating vegetables that grow in spring is a common custom in China when the Spring Equinox arrives.”（当春分到来时，吃春季生长的蔬菜在中国是一个常见习俗），可知③段讲的是吃春菜，对应 d “Eating spring vegetables”，即③—d； 根据④段 “The Spring Equinox is a good time to fly kites.”（春分是放风筝的好时节），可知④段讲的是放风筝，对应 a “Flying kites”，即④—a。 综上，答案是①—f, ②—b, ③—d, ④—a，故填①—f, ②—b, ③—d, ④—a。故选D。 4．题意：从文章中我们可能推断出什么？ 根据 “In ancient times, people didn't have good medical help. To hope for health, they wrote their health problems on a paper kite. When the kite was in the air, people would cut the string to let the paper kite fly away. It symbolized that diseases were carried away.”（在古代，人们没有很好的医疗条件。为了祈求健康，他们把健康问题写在纸风筝上。当风筝飞上天时，人们会剪断绳子让纸风筝飞走。这象征着疾病被带走）可知，古代人可能认为健康和放风筝有关，其他选项均不符合文意，故填 Ancient people might believe health is connected with flying kites.故选C。 C Hay-on-Wye is a small town on the border (边界) between England and Wales. In Hay-on-Wye, there are books in the house, bookcases on the streets and a surprising number of little bookstores. It has the largest secondhand bookstore in the world. This little town isn’t turned into a wonderland (胜地) for book lovers overnight. The idea was born in 1961. After hearing that a few libraries in America were closing down, a man called Richard Booth spent some time collecting a number of old books. Then he opened Hay-on-Wye’s first secondhand bookshop in an old house. Soon, many other people in the town followed him and opened their own bookshops. As more and more bookstores opened, by the 1970s, this little town had completely become a town of books. Now, the Hay Festival is held in Hay-on-Wye every year. Great writers, thinkers, artists and musicians from all over the world come here to celebrate and share their ideas. Hay-on-Wye also has a lot to offer more than books. There are also many antique (古董) shops in the town. There, you probably can find interesting things such as old maps and nice plates. They may remind travelers of Hay-on-Wye’s past in different ways. Hay-on-Wye is also a perfect place to relax yourself. People can enjoy hiking, horse riding, mountain climbing, bird watching, fishing, camping and many other outdoor activities here. Welcome to the town of books and enjoy the wonderful taste of books. 1．What can travelers see the most in Hay-on-Wye? A．Books and bookstores. B．Antiques and antique shops. C．Museums and old houses. D．Old maps and nice plates. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Why Hay-on-Wye became a town of books. B．How Hay-on-Wye became a town of books. C．When Hay-on-Wye became a town of books. D．How long Hay-on-Wye has become a town of books. 3．What do people do on the Hay Festival? A．They share their ideas. B．They enjoy the antiques. C．They do outdoor activities. D．They read secondhand books. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Science. B．Travel. C．Culture. D．History. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】说明文、城市 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于英格兰和威尔士边界的小镇海伊镇。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Hay-on-Wye, there are books in the house, bookcases on the streets and a surprising number of little bookstores.”可知，在 Hay-on-Wye，旅客看到最多的是书和书店。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要讨论的是 Hay-on-Wye是如何成为一个图书小镇的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Great writers, thinkers, artists and musicians from all over the world come here to celebrate and share their ideas.”可知，在Hay Festival上，人们分享他们的想法。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Welcome to the town of books and enjoy the wonderful taste of books.”可知，我们会在杂志的旅行部分读到这篇文章。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $