2026年山东济南中考英语热点话题---热点话题时文阅读二十一 基因与朋友

热点话题时文阅读二十一 基因与朋友 DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It is something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own. People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family. It is because of small things called “genes” in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are real messages. They are written in the DNA with a special language. In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell (细胞) to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one “word” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do. Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs. 1．What is the reason that we look like our parents? A．Similar cells. B．DNA. C．A map of the human body. D．Special languages. 2．Which of the following shows the correct order of discoveries mentioned in the passage? ①Finding out DNA carries messages  ②Discovering genes  ③Finding the first “word” A．①②③ B．③②① C．②③① D．②①③ 3．According to the passage, we can know that ________. A．scientists have already understood all the secrets of how DNA works B．the structure of DNA remains a complete secret to scientists C．while all the words in the DNA map are found, their real meanings are not all known D．DNA research has stopped because of certain worries 4．What is the writer’s opinion about the future of DNA research? A．It will have no real-world influence. B．It will only be good for scientists, not the public. C．It holds great possibility but requires careful use. D．It is too dangerous to continue. 5．What is the most suitable title for this passage? A．DNA: The Key to Life and Its Influence B．How We Get Looks from Our Parents C．The History of Genetic Science D．The Dangers of DNA Technology 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的写“A”，错误的写“B”。 It has long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine (疫苗) before birth to prevent them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way in which we could do this. But there are some different voices about this kind of technology. There are twin girls who are edited babies. Their father had some terrible illnesses. The twins’ genes were edited in order to prevent them from being infected (感染) by their father’s illnesses. But this action raised many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent diseases, many people wonder if it is safe and ethical (道德的) to use it on humans. Some believe that gene editing could be good for humans. They say gene editing can help avoid many disasters (灾害) for newborn babies. It’s a progress of science. Others fear that some wealthy people might use this technology to make “edited babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their babies’ eye color to their intelligence. So it may cause some unexpected problems people couldn’t solve. So what are your opinions about editing babies? Do you want your baby to be edited with your imagination? 6．Gene editing means we can change our genes into what we want us to be like according to the passage. 7．The twin girls were edited babies because they had been infected by their father’s serious illnesses. 8．Some people support gene editing technology mainly because it can help make progress in science. 9．There is no right and clear answer to whether we can continue to give birth to an edited baby in this passage. 10．We can possibly find the passage from a magazine that researches the origin (起源) and future of humans. 阅读下面短文，并从下面的六个句子选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整。 11 It may sound crazy, but the technology for making a “designer baby” is actually possible. However, this issue (议题) has also caused a lot of debate. A “designer baby” refers to an unborn baby whose DNA has been modified (修改). 12 The changes to the DNA and genes (基因) are made in the hopes that babies will be less likely to be born with certain serious illnesses. The idea that we could stop children from being born with such illnesses became very popular. 13 However, people soon learned that it was not only illnesses we could change, but also a baby’s gender and physical appearance. 14 An American couple, Monique and Scott Collins, decided to use a doctor’s research to help them choose the gender of their next baby. They wanted to have a baby girl. Their story became famous and raised attention to just how much doctors can do. For example, you could control babies’ eye color, hair color and even things like height or how athletic your baby will be. People argue that it is not ethical (道德的) to design our babies the way we would design a bag. 15 One example of this is when Adrian Thrasher of University College London was able to save a 1-year-old child from leukemia (白血病). A．But the research is also helpful in the medical field. B．Therefore, during the 21st century, research advanced very quickly. C．Usually, this is done in the very early stages of the embryo (胚胎). D．Even so, the research has its value in scientific field. E．Can we “design” a baby the same way we design a handbag? F．A well-known case on the use of genetic engineering (基因工程) happened in 1996. 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Have you ever wondered why you might look or act a bit like your parents? You may have heard the saying “Like father, like son”. This isn’t just because we grow up around our parents and learn from them. A big part is that we carry genes (基因) from them. Our bodies have around 30,000 genes. These genes are like a set of instructions that make us who we are. We get half of our genes from our mum and half from our dad. They decide things like the color of our hair and eyes, and even how tall we’ll grow. Genes also play a role in how smart we are. Women have two sets of certain genes related to intelligence, while men have one. This means kids are more likely to get their intelligence from their moms. But remember, being smart isn’t all about genes. What we learn in school, from books, and through experiences is also very important. Sometimes, genes do not show up in our parents but can show up in us. Take eyelids (眼皮) for example. If both of your parents have double eyelids, but you have single eyelids, it’s because they both carry the single-eyelid genes. When they pass their genes on to you, those single-eyelid genes become active. In conclusion, genes from our parents are super important. They decide how we look and influence how smart we are. Learning about genes helps us understand why we are similar to our parents in some ways and different in others. 16．What saying is mentioned in the passage? _______________________________________________ 17．How many genes are there in our body? _______________________________________________ 18．Where do we get some genes? _______________________________________________ 19．Why might kids have single eyelids if both parents have double eyelids? _______________________________________________ 20．Do you think learning is more important than genes for being smart? Why or why not? _______________________________________________ It’s long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine (疫苗) before birth to prevent them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way to do this. Usually when you spell a word wrong, you can just correct it instead. Gene editing is similar, but instead of fixing words, gene editing rewrites DNA, which decides everything from our hair color to our intelligence.      In an online video posted on Nov. 26, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had succeeded in making the world’s first genetically edited babies. The babies are twin girls who were born in November. Their father had HIV. The twins’ genes were edited to avoid infecting (感染) the HIV virus.   He said he chose to do this because HIV is widespread in China. But his actions raised many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, correct genetic changes which can do harm to humans’ development, and change the activity of specific genes in plants, animals and humans. Many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical (道德的) to use it on humans.   Some believe that gene editing could be useful to HIV patients. HIV is “a major and growing public health threat (威胁),” according to Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church. Using gene editing for HIV is “justifiable (无可非议的),” Church told AP. But others think that gene editing is still in its experimental (实验的) stages and could lead to unexpected mutations (突变). It could result in genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer, Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News. Besides, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China has worked with other departments to investigate (调查) the project. In an open letter published on Nov. 27, 140 Chinese HIV/AIDS researchers described the research as “unethical”. They questioned the need for the project. Others fear that some way people might use gene editing technology to make “designer babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their intelligence. “You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades (升级)’ for their children, which is considered not fair for most of us,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News. Are we ready for gene editing? Meanings Different from editing words, which is just fixing words, gene editing is to rewrite DNA. It can decide our hair colour and intelligence. An example He Jiankui’s experiment: The world’s first genetically edited babies were 21 made and they were born in November. To 22 them from being infected by HIV virus, the researchers have edited the twins’ genes. Arguments The reasons for the technology To protect babies from terrible disease. To correct 23 genetic changes. To change the activity of specific genes in plants, animals and humans. Some doubts about the technology Gene is still in its experimental stages, and it may 24 some unexpected genetic changes. 140 Chinese HIV/AIDS researchers thought 25 the gene editing on humans could be “unethical”. It could be taken good advantages of making “designer babies” by the people of great wealth, most people may think it is unfair. 阅读下面的语篇材料，根据所读内容，完成下列各题。 DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It is something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason why we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own. People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family. It is because of small things called “genes” in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are real messages. They are written in the DNA with a special language. In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell (细胞) to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we do not understand what they all do. By under standing what just one “word” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs. It can be good or bad for people. 26．Why do we look like our parents? Because we get . 27．Which word means “基因” in the second paragraph? It is “ ”. 28．What did the two scientists find in 1961? They found in that language. 29．How can we help sick people if we understand more “words” in the DNA map? We can help sick people by . 30．What can we know from the last paragraph? The discovery of DNA can be for people. 阅读下面材料，从方框中所给的A-E五个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项），并回答最后一小题。 CRISPR is a gene-editing (基因编辑) technology that greatly influences the world. 31 Have you heard of CRISPR? It’s like a small pair of DNA scissors that scientists use to edit genes—the instructions inside living things. This amazing technology can fix out-of-order genes, fight diseases, and even help create healthier food! How does CRISPR work? 32 CRISPR uses special proteins (蛋白质) called “Cas” to find and edit specific parts of DNA. The most famous one, “Cas9” can be used to cut and replace DNA with the help of RNA. Scientists compare it to a “search-and-replace” tool for genes. 33 A UK company used CRISPR to make pigs grow stronger and avoid diseases. In the future, CRISPR-edited fruits and vegetables might be tastier! Scientists in the US edited trees’ genes to use less water and energy when making paper—great for the environment! CRISPR is already being used to treat disease, and it might soon help cure cancer and other illnesses. How exciting! What are the problems caused by CRISPR? Though CRISPR is cheap and easy compared to other ways to edit genes. 34 For example, if CRISPR targets a wrong part within the DNA, edits could cause disease. There are also voices of ethical (伦理的) problems when it comes to the editing of human DNA. A．CRISPR can greatly influence our learning habits. B．What are the exciting uses of CRISPR? C．CRISPR technology can cause safety problems. D．What is CRISPR? E．Here is the working process. Do you think CRISPR can be used on food? Why? 35 What brought you and your friends together? Was it shared hobbies or 36 personalities? Apart from these common reasons, genetics (基因) may also play a 37 . According to a US study with 1,932 people, 38 have a kinship coefficient (亲缘系数) that is 0.0014 higher than in strangers! The kinship coefficient is an easy way to see 39 genetically related (相关的) two people are—the higher the number, the 40 the relation. Don’t look down on this 41 . The kinship coefficient between parents and children is about 0.25. While for fourth cousins, it’s around only 0.001. This means you might 42 more genes with your best friend than with some family members. The 43 is—why are people with a high level of kinship coefficient more likely to become friends? The research team found that close friends may have a similar sense of 44 . So, next time you get close to or 45 your friends, you might notice that they smell a bit like you! 36．A．similar B．smooth C．interesting D．lively 37．A．role B．game C．trick D．sport 38．A．teachers B．friends C．doctors D．volunteers 39．A．how B．when C．where D．why 40．A．farther B．lighter C．closer D．brighter 41．A．number B．medicine C．rule D．address 42．A．discover B．share C．hide D．lose 43．A．result B．standard C．question D．joke 44．A．taste B．touch C．feeling D．smell 45．A．hug B．push C．leave D．avoid 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Are you a social butterfly, or do you just prefer being alone? Either way, your genes (基因) may play a big role, US researchers reported 46 (recent). While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain 47 some people have many friends and others have few, the researchers said, their 48 (find) go just a little further than that. “Some of the things we find are quite 49 (amaze),” said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University, who has been doing 50 study for many years. “We find that how connected your friends are 51 (decide) by your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don’t know each other. For example, Tom’s genes decide if Dick and Harry know each other.” Christakis and his colleague James Fowler of the University of California are best known 52 their studies on people’s learning strategies, problem-solving skills and other social 53 (able). For this study, they compared the genes of more than 1,000 twins in 2015. “We find 54 seems to be a genetic tendency (趋势) for one 55 (introduce) his or her friends to each other,” Christakis said. 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。（每个词只能用一次，有两个多余词） healthy  in  help  similar  but  human  why  find  how  sick  write  another DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It is something that all 56 have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of the DNA to make our own. People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look 57 to other people in our family. It is because of small things called “genes (基因)” in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, 58 out that those small parts are real messages. They are 59 in the DNA with a special language. In 1961, 60 two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows 61 DNA tells the cell (细胞) to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, 62 we do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one “word” means, we can 63 to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do. Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help 64 people. Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we will use 65 the wrong way, just to make people more attractive (有吸引力的), or stop sick people getting jobs. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《热点话题时文阅读二十一 基因与朋友》参考答案： 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了DNA的功能、研究历史及其潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.”可知，DNA是我们长得像父母的原因，因为我们继承了他们的部分DNA。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family.”可知，1860年孟德尔发现基因；根据第2段“In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are real messages.”可知，1953年沃森和克里克发现DNA携带信息；根据第3段“In 1961, another two scientists found the first ‘word’ that they could understand in that language.”可知，1961年发现第一个“词”。正确顺序为②①③。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第3段“scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we do not understand what they all do.”可知，科学家已发现DNA图谱中的所有“词”，但尚未完全理解其功能。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据第4段“Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people.”和“we will use it in the wrong way”可知，多数人希望DNA研究能改进医疗，但也有人担忧滥用。因此，作者认为DNA研究潜力巨大但需谨慎应用。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕DNA的功能、研究历程及社会影响展开，A项“DNA：生命的关键及其影响”最全面。故选A。 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．A 【知识点】科普知识、说明文、细节理解、推理判断 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了基因编辑技术在人类身上的应用及其引发的伦理和安全问题。 6．细节理解题。根据“It has long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine (疫苗) before birth to prevent them from getting terrible illnesses.”可知，基因编辑是一种可以在出生前给人们接种特殊疫苗以预防他们患上严重疾病的方法，并没有说能随意将基因变成我们想要的样子。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据“Their father had some terrible illnesses. The twins’ genes were edited in order to prevent them from being infected (感染) by their father’s illnesses.”可知，这对双胞胎女孩的基因被编辑是为了防止她们被父亲的疾病感染，而不是她们已经被感染。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“Some believe that gene editing could be good for humans. They say gene editing can help avoid many disasters (灾害) for newborn babies. It’s a progress of science.”可知，一些人支持基因编辑技术是因为它可以帮助新生儿避免许多灾难，是科学的进步。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据“So what are your opinions about editing babies? Do you want your baby to be edited with your imagination?”可知，只是提出了关于编辑婴儿的问题，没有给出是否可以继续生育编辑婴儿的明确答案。故选A。 10．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕基因编辑婴儿展开，讨论了基因编辑的背景、目的、不同观点等，与人类的起源和未来相关，所以有可能从研究人类起源和未来的杂志中找到这篇文章。故选A。 11．E 12．C 13．B 14．F 15．A 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文主要分析了“设计婴儿”这一想法的来源及其利弊。 11．根据下一句“It may sound crazy, but the technology for making a ‘designer baby’ is actually possible”可知，制造“设计婴儿”听起来可能很疯狂，但这项技术实际上是可能的。选项E“我们能像设计手提包一样‘设计’婴儿吗”引出下文，符合语境。故选E。 12．根据前一句“A ‘designer baby’ refers to an unborn baby whose DNA has been modified (修改).”可知，“设计婴儿”是指DNA被修改的未出生婴儿。选项C“通常，这是在胚胎的早期阶段完成的”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 13．根据前一句“The idea that we could stop children from being born with such illnesses became very popular”可知，我们可以阻止孩子天生患有这种疾病的想法变得非常流行。选项B“因此，在21世纪，研究发展非常迅速。”承接上文，符合语境。故选B。 14．根据下一句“An American couple, Monique and Scott Collins, decided to use a doctor’s research to help them choose the gender of their next baby”可知，此处介绍了以前的一个案例。选项F“1996年发生了一个关于基因工程应用的众所周知的案例。”引出下文，符合语境。故选F。 15．根据下一句“One example of this is when Adrian Thrasher of University College London was able to save a 1-year-old child from leukemia (白血病).”可知，伦敦大学学院的Adrian Thrasher成功挽救了一名1岁儿童的白血病。选项A“但这项研究在医学领域也有帮助。”引出下文，符合语境。故选A。 16．Like father, like son. 17．About/Around 30,000. 18．From our parents./We get half from our mum and half from our dad./Half from our mum and half from our dad. 19．Because both parents carry single-eyelid genes. 20．观点一：I think learning is more important. Because what we learn at school and from experiences helps us develop our intelligence and solve problems./Because being smart isn’t all about genes. We need to study and practice to get smarter. Learning hard helps us improve our abilities better. /... 观点二： I think both genes and learning hard are important. Because genes decide how we look and learning from books, and through experiences is also very important. They work together to help us become smart./... 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了基因如何决定我们的外貌和智力，以及基因与后天学习的相互作用。 16．根据“You may have heard the saying ‘Like father, like son’.”可知，文中提到的谚语是“Like father, like son”。故填Like father, like son. 17．根据“Our bodies have around 30,000 genes.”可知，人体内约有3万个基因。故填About/Around 30,000. 18．根据“We get half of our genes from our mum and half from our dad.”可知，我们从父母双方各继承一半基因。故填From our parents./We get half from our mum and half from our dad./Half from our mum and half from our dad. 19．根据“If both of your parents have double eyelids, but you have single eyelid, it’s because they both carry the single-eyelid genes.”可知，父母携带的单眼皮基因在孩子身上显现。故填Because both parents carry single-eyelid genes. 20．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案： 观点一： I think learning is more important. Because what we learn at school and from experiences helps us develop our intelligence and solve problems./Because being smart isn’t all about genes. We need to study and practice to get smarter. Learning hard helps us improve our abilities better. /... 观点二： I think both genes and learning hard are important. Because genes decide how we look and learning from books, and through experiences is also very important. They work together to help us become smart./... 21．successfully 22．protect 23．harmful 24．cause 25．whether 【知识点】科普知识、科学技术、说明文 【分析】本文讲述了通过基因编辑可以决定从头发颜色到智力的一切东西。南方科技大学的研究员何建奎制造了世界上第一批基因编辑婴儿，目前这项技术的合理性引起了强烈的争论。 21．根据第二段中的“In an online video posted on Nov. 26, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had succeeded in making the world’s first genetically edited babies. The babies are twin girls who were born in November.”可知2018年11月，世界上第一批经过基因编辑的婴儿成功出生。分析句子可知，空格处修饰动词，应使用副词successfully，表示“成功地”符合语境。故填successfully。 22．根据第二段最后一句“The twins’ genes were edited to avoid infecting the HIV virus. ”可知研究人员为了保护这对双胞胎免受艾滋病病毒感染，他们编辑了这对双胞胎的基因。所以，此处应使用及物动词protect，表示“保护”符合语境。故填 protect。 23．根据第三段中的“Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, correct genetic changes which can do harm to humans’ development, and change the activity of specific genes in plants, animals and humans.”可知， 尽管基因编辑可能有助于预防疾病，纠正对人类发展有害的基因变化，并改变植物、动物和人类特定基因的活性。分析句子可知，此处应使用形容词，harmful表示“有害的”，形容词修饰名词作定语。故填harmful。 24．根据第五段第一句“But others think that gene editing is still in its experimental stages and could lead to unexpected mutations.”可知，但其他人认为基因编辑仍处于实验阶段，可能会“导致”意想不到的突变。所以，此处应使用及物动词cause，表示“导致，引起”符合语境。故填cause。 25．根据倒数第二段中的“In an open letter published on Nov. 27, 140 Chinese HIV/AIDS researchers described the research as ‘unethical’.”可知，在11月27日发布的一封公开信中，140名中国艾滋病研究人员称这项研究不道德。分析句子结构及语境可知，此句属于带有宾语从句的复合句，此处缺少连词，因研究人员对人类基因编辑是否道德表示疑问，所以，此处使用whether，表示 “是否”符合语境。故填whether。 26．some of their DNA to make our own 27．genes 28．the first “word” that they could understand 29．making better medicine 30．good or bad 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了DNA的发现历史和这一发现对于人类生活的影响。 26．根据“DNA is the reason why we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.”可知，DNA是我们看起来像父母的原因，因为我们从他们的DNA中提取了一些来形成我们自己的DNA。故填some of their DNA to make our own。 27．根据“In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family. It is because of small things called ‘genes’ in our body.”可知，孟德尔先生发现了基因，由此可推测gene的意思是“基因”。故填genes。 28．根据“In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language.”可知，1961年，另外两位科学家发现了他们能理解的第一个“单词”。故填the first “word” that they could understand。 29．根据“Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people.”可知，制造更好的药物能够帮助到病人。故填making better medicine。 30．根据“It can be good or bad for people.”可知，DNA的发现对人类生活的影响可能有益也可能有害。故填good or bad。 31．D 32．E 33．B 34．C 35．No, I don’t think so. Because CRISPR may cause safety problems. 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了CRISPR基因编辑系统。 31．根据“Have you heard of CRISPR? It’s like a small pair of DNA scissors that scientists use to edit genes”可知本文介绍了什么是CRISPR。D选项“什么是CRISPR”符合。故选D。 32．根据“How does CRISPR work?”可知文段介绍了CRISPR如何工作的。E选项“这是工作流程”符合。故选E。 33．根据“A UK company used CRISPR to make pigs grow stronger and avoid diseases.”可知本段介绍了CRISPR的用途，B选项“CRISPR有哪些令人兴奋的用途”符合。故选B。 34．根据“For example, if CRISPR targets a wrong part within the DNA, edits could cause disease.”可知本段介绍了CRISPR引起的一些不好的问题，C选项“CRISPR技术可以引起安全问题”符合。故选C。 35．开放性试题，合理即可。故填No, I don’t think so. Because CRISPR may cause safety problems. 36．A 37．A 38．B 39．A 40．C 41．A 42．B 43．C 44．D 45．A 【知识点】科普知识、朋友 【导语】本文主要探讨了基因相似性（亲缘系数）对友谊形成的影响，并通过研究数据说明朋友之间可能比远亲拥有更高的基因相似性，尤其是嗅觉基因的相似性。 36．句意：是共同的爱好还是相似的性格？ similar相似的；smooth光滑的；interesting有趣的；lively活泼的。根据“Was it shared hobbies or…personalities”可知，此处指共同的爱好或“相似的”个性。故选A。 37．句意：除了这些常见的原因，基因也可能起作用。 role角色；game游戏；trick把戏；sport运动。根据“Apart from these common reasons, genetics (基因) may also play a”可知，此处指基因也起了作用，play a role“起作用”符合语境。故选A。 38．句意：根据美国一项对1932人进行的研究，朋友之间的亲属关系系数比陌生人高0.0014 ！ teachers老师；friends朋友；doctors医生；volunteers志愿者。根据前文“What brought you and your friends together”可知，此处指研究比较“朋友”与陌生人的亲缘系数，故选B。 39．句意：亲属关系系数是一种简单的方法，可以看出两个人在基因上的关系有多密切——亲属关系系数越高，关系越密切。 how如何；when何时；where哪里；why为什么。根据“genetically related (相关的) two people are—the higher the number”可知，句子需表达“基因相关程度”，how引导从句说明“程度”。故选A。 40．句意：亲属关系系数是一种简单的方法，可以看出两个人在基因上的关系有多密切——亲属关系系数越高，关系越密切。 farther更远；lighter更轻；closer更近；brighter更亮。根据“the higher the number, the…the relation.”可知，此处指的系数越高，关系越密切，用closer。故选C。 41．句意：不要小看这个数字。 number数字；medicine药物；rule规则；address地址。根据“have a kinship coefficient (亲缘系数) that is 0.0014 higher than in strangers!”可知，此处指代前文“0.0014”这一数值，number符合语境。故选A。 42．句意：这意味着你可能和你最好的朋友比和一些家庭成员共享更多的基因。 discover发现；share分享；hide隐藏；lose失去。根据“This means you might…more genes with your best friend than with some family members.”可知，此处是说与朋友共享更多基因，share符合语境。故选B。 43．句意：问题是，为什么亲属关系系数高的人更容易成为朋友？ result结果；standard标准；question问题；joke笑话。根据“why are people with a high level of kinship coefficient more likely to become friends?”可知，后文提出问题，question符合语境。故选C。 44．句意：研究小组发现，亲密的朋友可能有相似的嗅觉。 taste味道；touch触摸；feeling感觉；smell气味。结尾提到“smell like you”，应该说亲密的朋友可能有相似的嗅觉。故选D。 45．句意：所以，下次你靠近或拥抱你的朋友时，你可能会注意到他们闻起来有点像你！ hug拥抱；push推；leave离开；avoid避免。根据“So, next time you get close to or…your friends, you might notice that they smell a bit like you!”可知，与“get close to”并列，应该说“靠近或拥抱你的朋友”。故选A。 46．recently 47．why 48．findings 49．amazing 50．the 51．is decided 52．for 53．abilities 54．it 55．to introduce 【知识点】社会关系、朋友、科普知识 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国研究人员关于基因对人社交情况影响的研究发现。 46．句意：美国研究人员最近报告称，无论哪种方式，你的基因都可能发挥重要作用。根据“US researchers reported….”可知这里需要一个副词来修饰动词reported，表示报告这个动作发生的时间状态。recent的副词形式recently表示“最近”符合语境。故填recently。 47．句意：研究人员表示，虽然基因可能有助于解释为什么有些人有很多朋友，而另一些人却很少，这并不奇怪，但他们的发现只是比这更进一步。根据“genes may help explain…some people have many friends and others have few” 是一个宾语从句，从句部分“some people have many friends and others have few”是在陈述一种情况，可知需要一个引导词来表示“为什么”，解释基因所帮助解释的内容。why作为连接副词，可引导宾语从句，表示“为什么”符合语境。故填why。 48．句意：研究人员表示，虽然基因可能有助于解释为什么有些人有很多朋友，而另一些人却很少，这并不奇怪，但他们的发现只是比这更进一步。根据“their…go just a little further than that”，可知形容词性物主代词their后需要接一个名词作主语，find名词形式findings表示“发现、研究结果”符合语境。故填findings。 49．句意：“我们发现的一些东西非常惊人，”哈佛大学的尼古拉斯·克里斯塔基斯说，他已经做了多年的研究。“根据“Some of the things we find are quite…”，可知系动词are后需要接一个形容词作表语，amaze形容词形式amazing表示“令人惊讶的”符合语境。故填amazing。 50．句意：“我们发现的一些东西非常惊人，”哈佛大学的尼古拉斯·克里斯塔基斯说，他已经做了多年的研究。根据前文提到了相关研究内容，这里说的是特指前文提到的关于基因对社交影响的这项研究，所以需要用定冠词the符合语境。故填the。 51．句意：我们发现你朋友之间的联系紧密程度是由你的基因决定的。根据“We find that how connected your friends are…by your genes”和空后的by短语可知应该用其被动语态填入，how connected your friends are作宾语从句的主语，此处的are属于主语里的一部分，所以宾语从句的被动语态还需要be动词，句子作主语当单数is，故填is decided。 52．句意：克里斯塔基斯和他在加利福尼亚大学的同事詹姆斯・福勒以他们对人们学习策略、解决问题的技能和其他社会能力的研究而闻名。根据“Christakis and his colleague James Fowler of the University of California are best known…their studies on people’s learning strategies,”可知，这里是说这两位研究人员因为他们在某些方面的研究而被大家所熟知。be known for…表示“以……而闻名”，for构成be known for结构，符合语境。故填for。 53．句意：克里斯塔基斯和他在加利福尼亚大学的同事詹姆斯・福勒以他们对人们学习策略、解决问题的技能和其他社会能力的研究而闻名。根据“people’s learning strategies, problem-solving skills and other social…”中，other后需要接一个名词，与前面提到的learning strategies、problem-solving skills并列，able名词形式abilities表示“能力”，符合语境。故填abilities。 54．句意：我们发现，把朋友介绍给彼此认识似乎是一种遗传倾向。根据“We find…seems to be a genetic tendency…”是一个宾语从句，从句部分缺少一个主语，且这里需要一个能指代后面“one…his or her friends to each other” 这件事情的词，同时在宾语从句中作主语，it可以作形式主语指代后面的内容，符合语境。故填it。 55．句意：我们发现，把朋友介绍给彼此认识似乎是一种遗传倾向。根据“one…his or her friends to each other”可知it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。故填to introduce。 56．humans 57．similar 58．found 59．written 60．another 61．how 62．but 63．help 64．sick 65．in 【知识点】科普知识、疾病、叙事忆旧 【导语】本文主要介绍了DNA的发现史，并介绍了这一发现对人们生活的影响以及不同的人对此的不同看法。 56．句意：这是所有人都有的东西，它告诉身体该做什么。根据上文“DNA is the whole “map” of the human body.”和参考词汇可知，DNA是人体的整体“图谱”，所有人都有DNA，可推测此处是这是所有人都有的东西，all后需填名词复数，humans“人”为名词human的复数形式。故填humans。 57．句意：1860年，Mendel先生发现了为什么我们看起来与家里其他人很像。根据“In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look...to other people in our family.”和参考词汇可知，Mendel先生发现家人们长得像，可推测此处是为什么我们看起来与家里其他人很像，固定搭配look similar to sb表示“看起来与某人像”。故填similar。 58．句意：1953年，两位科学家Watson和Crick发现那些小部分是真实信息。根据上文“It is because of small things called “genes” in our body.”和参考词汇可知，家人们长得像，这是因为我们身体中被称为“基因”的小东西，可推测此处是科学家发现“基因”是真实信息，find out表示“发现”，事情是过去发生的，动词用过去式，found“发现”为动词find的过去式。故填found。 59．句意：它们被用一种特殊的语言写入DNA中。根据下文“So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map,...”和参考词汇可知，到目前为止，科学家们已经在DNA图谱中找到了所有的信息，可推测此处是它们被用特殊语言写入DNA中，write in表示“写入……”，主语They与谓语write之间为被动关系，语态为被动，谓语用“are+过去分词”的结构，written“写”为动词write的过去分词。故填written。 60．句意：1961年，另外两位科学家发现他们能用那种语言理解的第一个“信息”。根据上文“In 1953, two scientists,...”和参考词汇可知，1953年，两位科学家Watson和Crick发现了“基因”被写入DNA中，可推测此处是1961年，另外两位科学家，空处需填形容词，修饰two scientists，another“不同的”，形容词，符合语境。故填another。 61．句意：它展示了DNA告诉细胞如何构建它的部分。根据“It shows...DNA tells the cell to build its parts.”和参考词汇可知，句子为宾语从句，此处是DNA告诉细胞如何构建它的部分，作方式状语，空处需填连接副词，how“如何”，连接副词，符合语境。故填how。 62．句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经在DNA图谱中找到了所有的信息，但我们不明白它们都是干什么的。根据“So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map,...we do not understand what they all do.”和参考词汇可知，“科学家们已经在DNA图谱中找到了所有的信息”与“我们不明白它们都是干什么的”之间为转折关系，空处需填并列连词，表转折，but“但是”，并列连词，表转折，符合语境。故填but。 63．句意：通过理解仅一个“信息”的含义，从几种疾病中我们可以帮助挽救人们。根据“By understanding what just one “word” means, we can...to save people from several illnesses.”和参考词汇可知，通过理解DNA中信息的含义，可推测此处是从疾病中我们可以帮助拯救人们，help to do sth表示“帮助做某事”，情态动词can后需填动词原形，help“帮助”，动词。故填help。 64．句意：大多数人希望这将有助于制造更好的药物来帮助生病的人。根据“Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help...people.”和参考词汇可知，人们希望通过了解DNA中的信息，帮助制造更好的药物，可推测此处是用这些药物来帮助生病的人，people前需填形容词，作定语，sick“生病的”，形容词，符合语境。故填sick。 65．句意：其他人担心，当我们了解更多的“信息”并发现更多的信息时，我们会以错误的方式使用，只是为了让人们更有吸引力，或者阻止生病的人找到工作。根据下文“Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information,...just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs.”和参考词汇可知，其他人担心，当我们了解更多的“信息”并发现更多的信息时，只是为了让人们更有吸引力，或者阻止生病的人找到工作，可推测此处是我们会以错误的方式使用这些信息，in the wrong way表示“以错误的方式”，空处需填介词，in“以”，介词，符合语境。故填in。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $