板块1 专题1 题型篇 题型4 词句猜测题-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用word）

题型四　词句猜测题 猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型，这类题目要求学生判断文章中某个单词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象，其目的是考查学生在阅读中理解生僻词块含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义以及代词指代对象的高阶能力，是考查学生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。 词义猜测题 【命题特点】　猜测画线词/短语的含义包括理解生僻词块含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义。 常见的设问方式有： ·What does the underlined word/phrase “...” mean? ·What is closest in meaning to “...” in paragraph...? ·Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in paragraph...? ·Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase “...”？ 技法1　根据上下文语境猜词义 上下文语境是猜测画线部分含义的重要依据。解题时，学生需要“瞻前顾后”，从上下文中找出线索，全面考虑文章所要表达的含义。 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟1】 (2024·新高考全国卷ⅠC篇) When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. [典例分析] 第一步：定位解题线索　根据题干关键词shine through可定位其所在语句及前后内容。 第二步：瞻前顾后寻找线索　画线短语所在句是对上文前两句话的拓展、解释和论证，进一步解释纸质书的优势。 第三步：分析解题线索并推断词义　根据第二段前两句话可知，纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好，画线短语所在句进一步阐释了纸质阅读的好处，由此可推知，画线短语的含义应为“凸显出来”。 第四步：对比选项确定答案　对比选项发现，D项“变得容易被注意到”契合 “阅读任务变化时，纸质阅读的益处尤其突出、易被察觉”的意思。 [自主解答]　D 技法2　根据语法关系猜词义 定语从句、同位语(从句)、举例、标点符号和下定义是文章中常见的一些语法结构或行文方式，这些都可以帮助学生猜测词义。 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟2】 (2022·新高考全国卷ⅠC篇) Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” 30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate. [典例分析] 第一步：定位解题线索　根据题干关键词embark on可定位其所在语句及前后内容。 第二步：分析句子，寻找语法关系信号词　画线短语所在句中“one of the first to embark on the project”为主语Wendy Wilson的同位语，根据embark on前面的one of the first及其后面的“Residents really welcome the idea of...to people here.”可知，此处指温蒂·威尔逊是最早发起这个项目的人之一。 第三步：对比选项确定答案　对比选项发现，C项“开始”与文章“最早发起这个项目的人之一”意义吻合。 [自主解答]　C 技法3　根据逻辑关系猜词义 阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出词义。 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟3】 ( 2024·新高考全国卷ⅡD篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. [典例分析] 第一步：定位解题线索　根据题干关键词In the wrong hands可定位其所在语句及其后内容。 第二步：判断逻辑关系　此句中存在转折信号词but，其前后的内容存在语义上的转折关系。 第三步：分析解题线索并推断词义　根据but后的内容可知，坎贝尔拥有二十多年的专业经验，能将令人头晕的内容变得易懂。结合转折关系可推知，此处应是指如果由一个不像坎贝尔这样专业、经验丰富的人来写，即如果由能力不足的人撰写，这本书可能就会显得十分复杂。 第四步：验证词义　将C项代入原文，“如果被能力不足的人撰写，这本书可能会像驱动 AI 的计算机代码一样复杂” ，与后文坎贝尔有能力让内容易懂形成转折，验证合理。并且选项中的“less competent”为原文中“professional”的反义词复现。 [自主解答]　C 技法4　根据构词法猜词义 2025年高考阅读理解语篇中出现大量由构词法构成的词，这给学生准确理解语境造成了障碍。掌握一定的构词知识，学会通过构词法巧推词义不仅可以解决上述词义猜测题，还有助于学生巧推阅读语篇中的生词。 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟4】 (2023·新高考全国卷ⅠC篇) Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29．What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over. [典例分析] 第一步：判断画线词类型　declutter由前缀“de-” 和词根“clutter”构成，故该词为派生词。 第二步：初步确定词义　画线单词前缀de -有“除去”“取消”“离开”等意思。结合第二句“This process requires...for thirty days.”可知，the digital declutter要求人们远离一些线上活动，即对线上活动进行清理。 第三步：验证词义　代入原文，A项clear-up意为“清理，整理”，与文中所体现的含义相吻合。 [自主解答]　A 代词指代题 【命题特点】　代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，学生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 常见的设问方式有： ·What does the underlined word “that/this/it/...” in paragraph...refer to? 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟】 (2025·新高考全国卷ⅡB篇) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention. C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy. [典例分析] 第一步：确定画线词位置及考向　it位置在段中，应指代上文内容。 第二步：寻找解题线索　按照 “就近原则”，关注离 it 较近的 “Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments”。 第三步：分析解题线索，识别指代内容　根据该段第三句以及霍的评论可知，此处表示霍认为一些老师不给孩子们布置作业，这对他们是一种伤害，孩子们会认为老师不关心他们。由此可推知，“it”指代的是“不布置作业”这一行为。 [自主解答]　C 句意猜测题 【命题特点】　高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求学生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。 常见的设问方式有： ·What does the underlined expression/sentence “...” in paragraph...mean? 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟】 (2025·湖北“新八校”协作体考试C篇) In fact, as ice gets farther from the continent, it starts to be pulled out to sea. The force causes the ice to have different physical properties in different directions—a concept called anisotropy (各向异性).“Our study uncovers that most of the ice shelf is anisotropic，” said first study author Wang Yongji, a researcher in Lai's lab.“Ice in the 5%compression zone almost has the same property while for the rest—the extension zone, it is not the case. Now based on this new method, we know that models predicting the future evolution of Antarctica should be anisotropic.” 30．What is indicated in the underlined sentence? A．Ice behaves variably in all directions. B．Most ice shelves are in the extension zone. C．Ice in the compression zone matches lab results. D．Ice shelves are pulled out of the continent to sea. [典例分析] 第一步：定位 　根据题干内容将解题线索定位至第五段。 第二步：寻找　寻找画线句前后的信息句。上文“The force causes...called anisotropy.”和“most of the ice shelf is anisotropic”说明冰架存在各向异性，即冰在不同方向有不同的物理特性。下文提到“Now based on...should be anisotropic.”强调基于此对预测模型的影响。 第三步：分析　画线句表明在5%的压缩区，冰几乎有相同属性，而在其余的延伸区，情况并非如此。结合上文提到冰存在各向异性(不同方向物理特性不同)可知，是说冰在不同区域表现出不同特性，体现了冰的各向异性。 第四步：对比　A项“Ice behaves variably in all directions.”与原文“5%的压缩区的冰几乎有相同属性，而对于其余部分——延伸区来说，情况并非如此”符合。 [自主解答]　A A (2025·成都诊断性测试)A honeybee's life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey. Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar (花蜜) is incredibly difficult. In a new research published recently, our team reports how bees make these complex decisions. We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers, each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup. Different-colored “flowers” varied in their likelihood of offering sugar. We put tiny, harmless paint marks on the back of each bee, and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array. We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through. From this information, we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers. They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower, but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average. The results and what we expected are poles apart. Usually in animals，an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision. This is called the speed-accuracy trade-off，which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision. More evidence means a more accurate decision, but gathering evidence takes time. So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster. But bees only accepted a flower if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding. If they had any uncertainty, they rejected it. They might have missed some rewarding flowers, but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar. The only other animals known to beat the speed-accuracy trade-off are humans and primates. It's indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现蜜蜂可以快速识别最有可能提供花蜜的花朵，且其做出正确选择的速度比做出错误选择的速度要快。 1．How did researchers get the result of the experiment? A．By observing bees in the wild. B．By analyzing bees' flight paths. C．By testing bees in different colors. D．By comparing bees' food preference. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “We then used computer vision...rewarding flowers.”可知，研究人员是通过分析蜜蜂的飞行路线得出实验结果的。 2．What did the research find about bees? A．They could tell artificial flowers immediately. B．They performed better in certain colored flowers. C．They made right choices faster than the wrong ones. D．They made more correct decisions than other species. C　解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的 “they made correct decisions...on average”可知，蜜蜂做出正确选择的速度比做出错误选择的速度要快。 3．What does the underlined phrase “poles apart” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Contrary. B．Reasonable. C．Essential. D．Confusing. A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知，研究结果表明蜜蜂做出正确决定的速度比做出错误决定的速度要快；根据画线短语所在句下一句可知，通常情况下，动物做出准确决定比做出不准确决定所花费的时间要长。由此可推知，研究结果与人们的预期大相径庭，因此画线短语意为“相反的”。 4．Why do bees beat the speed-accuracy trade-off? A．They ignore uncertainties. B．They gather evidence very fast. C．They stay on the right track while flying. D．They adopt a special decision-making mechanism. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “This is called the speed-accuracy trade-off...providing them with sugar.”可知，蜜蜂采用一种特殊的决策机制，这使它们打破了速度-准确性权衡决策机制的惯例。 B (2025·广东华南师大附中模考)“You like pottery (陶艺) more than you like science，” a family member said. I knew the comment was made lightly, but I felt frustrated and disappointed. I had worked so hard to achieve a balance between my scientific and artistic pursuits. Why was my creative side still seen as a weakness and a disturbance, in opposition to my science? As a little girl, I created art by breaking up eggshells, dyeing them, and gluing them to a cloth. I also conducted science experiments with my mum, a high school science teacher, on the back porch. In college, I loved my chemistry courses and research work, and I regarded cooking as my creative outlet, hosting weekly dinner parties for friends. Yet I heard time and again that creative expression and science were not possible to be together. When my college roommate concluded with a personality test that I was the “creative” type, the rest of my friends said that couldn't be right, because “I was a scientist and therefore was not creative”. As I was preparing for graduate school and studying for the chemistry GRE test, I realised I talked about science the same way I would paint a picture, explaining concepts in broad strokes(粗线条地)—in part because I struggled to remember technical scientific terminology. I worried my way of thinking wouldn't fit in with “proper” scientists. In the end, though, my desire to pursue a scientific career won out. I figured I would continue to find a way to balance my research with my creative pursuits, regardless of what others thought. When in graduate school, I found pottery, which I could pursue on evenings and weekends. After my first class, I was attracted. It has inspired me to more intentionally mix my art with my science. I keep a notebook at my lab table filled with words of mug (马克杯) designs inspired by my experiments. Through the challenge of getting my paper into its core concepts in such a way that it could be displayed on a mug, I gained a better understanding of my project. Pottery has now turned into a way for me to train my brain to be creative and think outside the box. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在科学研究和艺术创作之间找到平衡的经历。 5．What did the family member think of the author's pottery? A．It still had room for improvement. B．It would relax the author in her work. C．It made up for the author's weakness. D．It did no good to the author's career. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You like pottery more than you like science”和“I had worked so hard...in opposition to my science？”可推知，家人认为陶艺对作者的职业生涯毫无益处。 6．How did the author show her creativity as a college student? A．By dyeing eggshells. B．By performing science experiments. C．By doing some cooking. D．By attending social parties. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In college...dinner parties for friends.”可知，作者把烹饪作为体现自己创意的方式。 7．What can be inferred about the author from paragraph 3? A．She didn't get along well with her classmates in college. B．She nearly gave up her pursuit of art. C．She once doubted her way of understanding science. D．She was angry about being misunderstood by friends. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As I was preparing for...with ‘proper’ scientists.”可知，作者曾怀疑自己理解科学的思维方式。 8．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The notebook. B．The design of the mug. C．The challenge of the paper. D．The author's science research. D　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，作者将其论文的核心概念在马克杯上展示出来，在此过程中，作者对自己的研究课题有了更好的理解。由此可知，it 指代“my paper”，即“作者的科学研究”。 A篇 [障碍词]likelihood n．可能，可能性　automatically adv.自动地，无意识地　accuracy n．准确，准确性　at a glance看一眼(便知道) boundary n．边界，分界线 B篇 [障碍词]disturbance n．干扰，妨碍　dye v．染色　porch n．门廊，走廊　outlet n．(情感、精力等的)发泄途径　fit in with与……相适应或相协调　intentionally adv.有意地，故意地　think outside the box打破常规思维 长难句 分析 [A篇]This is called the speed-accuracy trade-off，which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision. [分析]　本句是主从复合句。句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the speed-accuracy trade-off；从句中because 引导原因状语从句，其中动名词短语“determining whether...wrong”作主语，whether引导宾语从句；how much引导宾语从句，作depend on的宾语。 [译文]　这被称为速度-准确性权衡，之所以会出现这种情况，是因为判断一个决策是否正确通常取决于我们在做出该决策时掌握了多少证据。 [B篇]As I was preparing for graduate school and studying for the chemistry GRE test, I realised I talked about science the same way I would paint a picture, explaining concepts in broad strokes—in part because I struggled to remember technical scientific terminology. [分析]　本句是主从复合句。句中As引导时间状语从句；“I talked...scientific terminology”为省略引导词that的宾语从句，从句中I would paint a picture为省略引导词that或in which 的定语从句，修饰先行词the same way; “explaining...strokes”为现在分词短语作状语；because引导原因状语从句。 [译文]　当我在准备读研和备考化学学科研究生入学考试时，我意识到自己谈论科学的方式就像作画一样，都在粗线条地解释概念——部分原因是我很难记住科技专业术语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $