板块1 专题1 专题强化训练8 词句猜测题-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用课件）

专题强化训练8　词句猜测题 1 题源：https：//www.scientificamerican.com/ 　　Researchers are now revealing the unique patterns of brain activity that arises during lucid dreaming— asleep yet aware of dreaming. As researchers, we are excited about this possibility because directing, or “engineering” a dream may allow people to reduce the severity or frequency of nightmares (噩梦) and improve general well-being. 专题强化训练 　　Our most vivid dreaming takes place during rapid-eye-movement, or REM sleep—the light phase of sleep when the brain is wake-like, especially when it is close to the time to get up. Lucidity may enhance one function of REM sleep: to refresh connections between the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层)，where our brains control our thoughts, and the amygdala (杏仁核)，where they generate our emotions. When REM sleep is disrupted, the prefrontal cortex becomes less effective at regulating awakening both during sleep and during the subsequent day. This creates a vicious cycle: a night of poor sleep is followed by a worse mood and decreased defenses against stress the next day, leading to another night of disturbed sleep. 专题强化训练 　　We're learning that the real mental benefits of lucid dreaming come when dreamers can direct the content. Maintaining self-control in dreams is kind of learned skill. The dreamer must practice remaining both calm and focused while in an unpredictable dream. People can then learn to control dreams by opening and closing their eyes and expecting an object to appear. This skill most likely relies on specific patterns of neural activation and on cognitive practice. To be an actor and director of a lucid dream requires flexibility and delicate cognitive“control”， a balancing act of guiding the dream toward desired content while allowing it to arise automatically. 专题强化训练 　　To better understand how this“control”happens, Catherine Duclos is studying the basic brain patterns of lucid dreaming in the Montreal lab. The volunteers sleep for the first half of the night, but in the early morning experimenters awaken them to place a cap on their head that is used for electroencephalogram (EEG) tests. When all the electrodes are well positioned, the subjects return to sleep, intending to have a lucid dream. 专题强化训练 　　Dream engineers are also exploring new types of sensory stimuli (感官刺激) to more reliably cause lucidity. These include subtle vibrations that could be delivered by wearable headbands or smart rings, little electric pulses that cause muscles to jerk, or electric currents sent behind the ears that create sensations of falling or spinning. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了利用新兴技术干预梦境以改善健康的可能性。 专题强化训练 1．What may happen if REM sleep is disrupted? A．Reducing the duration of deep sleep. B．Increasing daytime physical flexibility. C．Causing permanent damage to parts of the brain. D．Weakening the brain's ability to regulate thoughts. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When REM sleep is...night of disturbed sleep.”可知，快速眼动睡眠受干扰会削弱大脑对思维的控制能力。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 2．What does “vicious” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Destructive. B．Complicated. C．Victorious. D．Temporary. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，糟糕的睡眠会导致第二天更坏的情绪和抗压能力下降，进而又引发睡眠问题，这是一个恶性循环。因此，“vicious”意为“恶性的、有害的”。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 3．What is the purpose of using EEG tests in the study? A．To measure brain rates during sleep. B．To record muscle movements in dreams. C．To analyze the dreamers' brain patterns. D．To track eye movements in dreams. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“in the early morning experimenters awaken them... to have a lucid dream”可推知，脑电波监测的主要目的是分析做梦者的大脑活动模式。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Functions of REM sleep with lucid dreaming. B．Potential benefits of directing lucid dreaming. C．Dangers of lucid dreaming experiments. D．Wearable devices for tracking sleep stages. 解析：文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕利用新兴技术，如脑电波监测、感官刺激等，干预梦境，以改善噩梦、睡眠质量差等健康问题。因此，B项最能概括全文内容。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 A 　　(2025·石家庄摸底考试)I often wake up to my alarm after a short night and step out of bed to a day I've fought through countless times. I rush my morning routine and run to my car. My radio switches to my favorite song, but I have to listen to an audible (听得见的) book for an assignment due tomorrow. 专题强化训练 　　When I get to school, I start with Spanish，my hardest class. Despite being around all year, I have no clue what's going on. I then walk to my English class, in which I was stuck in the language rules. The assignments take much energy that my perfectionist nature is unable to take on in school, so I save them for later, most probably late at night. 专题强化训练 　　This is my reality as a student with dyslexia, a learning disorder in reading and spelling: assignments that take three times as long as they're meant to, late nights and early mornings to even slightly keep up with my classes. 专题强化训练 　　I was told that Advanced Placement U．S. History would be my hardest class. But here, I am in my element. Despite being three assignments behind, I'm actively engaged. Yes，my passion for history heightens my focus, but my teacher's willingness to work with me is what allows me to fly high. 专题强化训练 　　Teachers need to offer alternative structures that make learning more accessible. I've had teachers who teach lecture-based classes where students are expected to take notes and listen. As a student with dyslexia, this doesn't work. A fix for that is as simple as providing alternative resources: a slide show students can go back to after class, or perhaps even an activity that further plays with the concepts. 专题强化训练 　　Now, many schools are shifting to approaches that meet the needs of all kids. However，advocacy work can still be done to support students with dyslexia. If school systems are willing to provide support and education by creating an accessible class structure from the start, students won't be stuck in academic tracks that don't push them to their full potential. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了患有诵读困难症的作者的日常生活和学习情况，作者希望学校创建一个面向更多人的课程结构来提供支持和教育。 专题强化训练 1．Why does the author have to do his homework late at night? A．He is assigned extra homework. B．He fails to manage his spare time. C．He needs time to do it well enough. D．He dislikes tasks related to languages. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The assignments take much energy... most probably late at night.”可知，作者天生是一个完美主义者，需要更多时间把作业做好。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 2．What does the underlined part “in my element” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Burning the midnight oil. B．Biting off more than I can chew. C．Feeling like a fish in water. D．Having butterflies in my stomach. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段首句可知，作者被告知这门课程对作者来说将是最难的，根据画线部分所在句中的But可知，此处表示这门课程其实对作者来说不难，即作者在该课程方面是如鱼得水的。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 3．What does the author think of lecture-based classes? A．Satisfying. B．Inspiring. C．Rewarding. D．Demanding. 解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的“I've had teachers who teach lecture-based classes...this doesn't work.”可知，在基于讲座的课堂上，作者需要一边听课一边记笔记，但这种方法对作者来说是行不通的，即对作者而言这样的课要求很高。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 4．What does the author advise schools to do for students? A．Offer classes with alternatives. B．Ask educational experts to give lectures. C．Advocate out-of-class activities. D．Get teachers trained in special education. 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A fix for that is as simple as... with the concepts.”及最后一段内容可知，作者建议学校提供替代性的学习资源。 √ 高中学力测评 历史 专题强化训练 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 9 10 11 12 B 　　(2025·黄山模拟)Curiosity is the driving force behind our development and even our success. But it can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls, so why are humans so curious? Do scientists even have a definition for this inborn drive? 专题强化训练 　　Actually, there isn't one set in the stone. Psychologists agree that curiosity isn't about satisfying an immediate need, like hunger or thirst; rather, it's intrinsically (内在地) motivated. Curiosity covers such large set of behaviors that there probably isn't any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behaviors, including their curiosity. 专题强化训练 　　Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that huge task. In a classic study, a psychologist showed that infants between two months and six months old grew less and less interested in a complex visual pattern, the more they looked at it. But curiosity often comes with a cost. In some situations, the risks are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there's more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12-to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking. 专题强化训练 　　Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了好奇心的难以定义以及好奇心对人类发展的影响。 专题强化训练 5．What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2? A．Curiosity is hard to define. B．Humans are not afraid of setbacks. C．Scientists are not curious about the stone. D．Curiosity isn't the driving force behind growth. 解析：句意猜测题。根据第一段中的“Do scientists even have a definition for this inborn drive？”以及画线句下文中的“Curiosity covers such large set of behaviors...explore their environment.”可知，好奇心涵盖了广泛的行为，很难定义。故画线句意为“好奇心很难定义”。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 6．What do psychologists agree about the nature of curiosity? A．Sets of behaviors guide curiosity. B．Immediate needs drive curiosity. C．External factors determine curiosity. D．Genes and environment work together on curiosity. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behaviors, including their curiosity.”可知，关于好奇心的本质，心理学家的共识是基因和环境共同作用于好奇心。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 7．What contributes to babies' growing milestones? A．They prefer novelty. B．They fear failures. C．They desire to achieve tasks. D．They make their own decisions. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For instance, many babies... because there's more to see and do when they stand upright.”可知，喜欢新鲜事物促成了婴儿的成长里程碑。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 8．Why does the author mention the Inuit people in the last paragraph? A．To prove how curiosity helped them survive. B．To show curiosity may come with a high price. C．To describe why Inuit people needed curiosity. D．To show how Inuit people overcame the challenges. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者在最后一段提到因纽特人是为了表明好奇心可能要付出很高的代价。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 C 　　(2025·济南高三模拟)Wildlife photographer Ingo Arndt discovered his first enormous ant mound (蚁丘) as a child exploring the forest with his father near their home almost 50 years ago.They were bird-watching and came around a bend in a thickly wooded area when there it was：a five-foot-tall mound，standing upward like a large stalagmite(石笋). Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.“All my life，”he says, “I could remember the smell.” 专题强化训练 　　Several years later，Arndt moved to the countryside.He continued his fascination with the mounds and their armies of tiny engineers.Outfitted with a high-resolution camera, he began photographing the mounds and sharing his imagery with researchers for a scientific perspective.It turned out the mound makers were indeed special.They were red wood ants—one of the smallest of all so-called keystone species.Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.Researchers also explained the smell from the mound.As the insects build a nest, they generate formic acid (蚁酸), the origin of the smell, which helps to fight against enemies. 专题强化训练 　　But in recent decades, the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging，urbanization，and wildfires，as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.This has led several countries across the ants' range，including Germany，to enlist them as a protected species by law. 专题强化训练 　　Today Arndt's photos put on display that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了红木蚁等微小物种在自然界中的重要性。 专题强化训练 9．How was Arndt's first encounter with the ant mound? A．It reminded him of a bad experience. B．It left him an unforgettable memory. C．It aroused his enthusiasm for nature. D．It inspired him to protect the forests. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “‘All my life，’ he says, ‘I could remember the smell.’”可知， 阿恩特对蚁丘的气味印象深刻， 这次经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 10.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The wooded area. B．The mound maker. C．The keystone species. D．The entire ecosystem. 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，大象和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面， 如果它们消失， 整个生态系统将会很难适应。因此， 画线词 it 指代上文提到的生态系统。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 11.What contributed to the decrease in the number of ants? A．Their worsened habitats. B．Their changing behavior. C．Their severe competition. D．Their limited population. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But in recent decades...with climate change.”可知， 蚂蚁数量的减少是由于森林砍伐、城市化、野火、 干旱和气温升高等因素导致的栖息地恶化而引起的。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 11 10 12 12.What is the passage mainly intended to tell us? A．Massive lives exist on earth. B．Tiny species count in nature. C．Social creatures live in groups. D．Little ants are master architects. 解析：文章大意题。通读全文， 尤其是根据最后一段中的 “They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures, we are actually protecting ourselves.”可知， 文章介绍了红木蚁对生态系统的许多方面产生影响，强调了这些微小的物种在生态系统中的重要性。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 12 10 11 外刊 [高频词]reveal v．揭示　well-being n．幸福感　cognitive adj.认知的　[障碍词]severity n．严重程度　phase n．阶段　generate v．产生　subsequent adj.随后的　unpredictable adj.不可预测的　flexibility n．灵活性　delicate adj.微妙的；精细的　sensation n．感觉　spin v．(使)快速旋转　[熟词生义]position(常用义)n.位置，地方 (文章义)v.安装，安置 专题强化训练 A篇 [高频词]countless adj.无数的，数不胜数的　switch v．调换；(使)改变，转变　assignment n．(分派的)工作，任务　due adj.预定的，预期的，预计的　be stuck in被困在……中　take on承担　alternative adj.可供替代的　[障碍词] perfectionist n．完美主义者　heighten v．(使)加强，提高　play with sth.巧妙、新奇(或幽默等)地运用某(事)物　advocacy n．提倡 专题强化训练 B篇 [高频词]curiosity n．好奇心　definition n．定义；解释　test out 试验　landscape n．风景；景色　[障碍词]setback n．挫折；退步 downfall n．衰落；衰败　inborn adj.天生的　infant n．婴儿；幼儿　accomplish v．完成；实现　proficient adj.熟练的　milestone n．里程碑；重要事件　crawler n．爬行者　transition n．转变；变革　[熟词生义]shape (常用义) n．形状 (文章义) v．塑造　document (常用义) n．文件 (文章义) v．记录 专题强化训练 C篇 [高频词]enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的　investigate v．调查，侦查 (某事)　perspective n．态度，观点　origin n．起源，源头，起因　complex adj.复杂的，难懂的，费解的　reminder n．提醒人的事物，引起回忆的事物　[障碍词]bend n．(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯，弯道　fascination n．入迷，着迷；魅力　armies of大批的，大量的　turn out结果为　so-called adj.所谓的　ecosystem n．生态系统　fall victim to成为……的牺牲品/受害者　urbanization n．城市化　display v. 显示，显露，表现 [熟词生义] outfit (常用义)n.全套服装 (文章义)v.装备，配置设备 专题强化训练 长难句分析 [B篇]For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes. [分析]　本句是并列复合句。句中第一个分句中的动词不定式“to deal with...”作目的状语；but后的分句中含有what引导的主语从句和that引导的定语从句。 [译文]　例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的生存方式来应对生活在北方气候中的挑战，但我们往往忘记的是，有成千上万的人试图在这些充满挑战的环境中生存下来，最终却未能成功。 专题强化训练 长难句分析 [C篇]Today Arndt's photos put on display that as social insects, these small ants not only form complex societies，but also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species. [分析]　本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句，其中含有“not only...but also...”结构；“creating...species”为现在分词短语作结果状语。 [译文]　如今，提供的阿恩特的照片展示了这些小蚂蚁作为社会昆虫，不仅形成了复杂的社会结构，而且它们还与各种物种共同生活，形成了跨越多种植物和动物物种的大量共存关系。 专题强化训练 $