板块1 专题1 题型篇 题型3 主旨大意题-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用word）

题型三　主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查学生通过综合阅读理解、分析段落或文章的重点内容和核心信息，以确定其核心思想的能力。高考阅读理解对该关键能力的考查方式主要有以下三种：段落大意题、文章大意题和标题归纳题。 段落大意题 【命题特点】　段落大意题主要考查学生对某个段落内容的概括能力。 常见的设问方式有： ·What is paragraph...mainly about? ·What does the writer try to express in the...paragraph? ·What is the main idea of paragraph...? ·Which of the following can best summarize paragraph...? 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟】 (2025·新高考全国卷ⅡD篇) It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients(配料)used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. 34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked. C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought. [典例分析] 第一步：分析各句大意　第一句否定菜品由垃圾制作； 第二句说明配料是大多数餐厅不会考虑的肉类和农产品； 第三句举例具体的配料及制作过程。 第二步：串联各句内容，提炼段落主旨　这三句话相同内容是都在讲菜品的配料，次要内容是对配料利用结果的补充，整体围绕菜品的制作原料展开，即这些菜品是用什么做的。 第三步：对比选项，确定答案　对比选项发现，C项“菜品是由什么制成的”与本段主旨最为契合，为正确答案。 [自主解答]　C 文章大意题 【命题特点】　文章大意题主要考查学生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求学生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。 常见的设问方式有： ·What is the text mainly about? ·What's the main idea of the text? ·What does the passage mainly talk about? 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟】 【典例分析】 (2024·新高考全国卷ⅡC篇)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family.Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31.What does the text mainly talk about？ A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. [自主解答]　A 第一步：分析各段落大意 Para.1：引出巴比伦微农场(BMF)，强调其在缩短农产品运输距离方面的优势； Para.2：介绍巴比伦微农场作为室内园艺系统的适用对象，可服务家庭及更大机构； Para.3：阐述巴比伦微农场依靠新技术，具备远程监控、实时数据提供、自动化节水等特点，说明巴比伦微农场收获后开启下一生长周期的简便操作； Para.4：强调巴比伦微农场在环保方面的优势：运输零排放、无需污染性杀虫剂和其他化学品； Para.5：介绍巴比伦微农场员工日常践行可持续发展，体现企业环保理念。 第二步：串联各段落大意，提炼文章主旨 文章围绕巴比伦微农场展开，介绍其作为室内园艺系统，在缩短农产品运输距离、适用不同场所、依靠新技术(远程监控、自动化等)、操作简便、环保以及员工践行可持续发展等方面的优势，这些都是巴比伦微农场的优点。 第三步：对比选项，确定答案 对比选项发现，A项“巴比伦微农场的主要优势”与文章主旨最为契合，为正确答案。 标题归纳题 【命题特点】　标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。标题归纳题主要考查学生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求学生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。 常见的设问方式有： ·Which is the most suitable title for the text? ·What can be a suitable title for the text? ·Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ·Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage? 【解题攻略】 【经典感悟】 【典例分析】 (2025·新高考全国卷ⅡC篇)When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened：She was flooded, shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr. Melinda Knuth，a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants，don't beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn't make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it，but if it dies，go get another one，” Detrinidad says. 31.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home [自主解答]　B 第一步：分析各段落大意 Para.1：索尼娅·德特里尼达的线上植物店意外成功，反映居家时间增加推动室内植物行业兴起； Paras.2-3：介绍了佛罗里达大学的研究员克努特关于植物丰富的环境对人的影响的研究，该研究指出植物可以降低压力、改善心情、提升学业表现和职场工作效率； Para.4：德特里尼达认为养护植物需要耐心，强调养护过程的学习意义。 第二步：串联各段落大意，提炼文章主旨 合并相同内容(植物对情绪、生活等积极影响)，去掉次要内容(如卖植物具体订单数等细节)。文章围绕室内植物能提升人们的精神状态、促进身心健康展开，核心是植物对情绪等方面的积极作用 。 第三步：对比选项，确定答案 对比选项发现，B项“植物提升你的情绪”概括精准，统领全文，为正确答案。 A (2025·成都诊断性测试)A quiet revolution is happening in autonomous systems, freeing us from the burdens of labor and giving us more control over our lives. A robotaxi can give you a smooth ride to wherever you need to go while a humanoid robot can handle chores at home. Undoubtedly, instead of spending time driving, or folding laundry, we can engage in intellectual, artistic, and social pursuits that were previously unimaginable. We can learn new languages, develop new skills, or connect more deeply with loved ones. We are close to a future where the freedom to create and explore is no longer limited by the demands of daily life. However, undeniable convenience as these autonomous systems offer, there's something special about the tasks they aim to replace. Learning to drive, or even folding laundry is not just chores but the very fabric of our human experience. The first time you got behind the wheel of a car gave you a moment of growth and independence. Folding laundry can be a quiet, reflective moment—a reminder that life is made up of simple rhythms. Here lies the contradiction: Autonomy isn't just about freedom from work but control. As we hand over more control to machines, we are losing some of our own. Take Full Self-Driving(FSD) system, for example. Despite the incredible convenience and safety it offers, we need to reflect on what we might be leaving behind as we move closer to this reality. For many, driving is more than just a means of getting from one destination to another—it's an experience about freedom and control. The sensory connection to the road, and even the joy of mastering the art of driving are elements that technology might replace, but not necessarily reproduce. True human autonomy is not just about handing over daily tasks to machines. It's about the choice to engage in those tasks when we want to. The simple act of driving a car, or cleaning a home is more than just a function; it's an expression of our humanity. Perhaps that's the real challenge in front of us as autonomous systems become more integrated into our lives: how to use these machines to enhance our freedom without losing the very expression of our humanity. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自主系统带给人们无可否认的便利，但同时人们也因此可能会丧失一部分属于自己的控制权和人类体验。 1．What do autonomous systems probably enable us to get? A．Greater abilities to handle chores. B．Higher intellectual ambitions. C．More opportunities to develop creativity. D．A free future of living without limits. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，自主系统让我们有更多机会来培养创造力。 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The value of routine experiences. B．The freedom through technology. C．The reflections on personal growth. D．The room for improving autonomous systems. A　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要关注日常经验的价值。 3．Why does the author mention “FSD system”？ A．To demonstrate the joy of driving. B．To argue against the freedom from work. C．To give an example of technological convenience. D．To stress the loss of control and human experience. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，作者提及完全自动驾驶系统是为了强调因自主系统而造成的控制权和人类体验的丧失。 4．What message does the author mainly convey? A．Technology serves as a helping hand. B．Freedom isn't what technology offers us. C．The future of autonomous systems is in our hands. D．There are conflicts between innovation and autonomy. D　解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者一方面承认了自主系统带来的便利，另一方面呼吁人们关注在这一过程中人们可能丧失的控制权和人类体验。因此，作者想要传达的是创新和自主之间存在冲突。 B (2025·山东名校考试联盟二模)Did you know that an average Indian household wastes over 50 litres of water daily? At just 18, Mannat Kaur has found a way to change that. Mannat's story towards sustainability began at home. Her parents had educated her in following a more sustainable path towards everyday events. This early exposure to sustainable practices laid the foundation for her later efforts. However, Mannat's passion for water recycling was sparked by a first-hand experience in 2016. “I saw people struggling for two days during a supply shortage in Delhi's canals, searching for water and carrying their pots，” recalls Mannat. Determined to find a solution, 10-year-old Mannat started researching. She surveyed 400 people to understand barriers to greywater (洗涤水) recycling. Mannat found that people were willing to have a recycling system, but the limitations and the lack of knowledge stopped them from doing so.Driven by a desire to bridge this gap, Mannat began a mission. Her innovation, a decentralised greywater recycling system, comprises two key components: the Bilge Vessel (BV) and the Scupper Valve (SV). The Scupper Valve, a compact device placed in the floor drain, collects shower and kitchen greywater, which is then pumped to the Bilge Vessel or filtration (过滤). The Bilge Vessel is a three-bucket filtration system that purifies water using natural filter media. “The Bilge Vessel stores the recycled water, which can be used for non-drinking operations and activities that require non-human contact like irrigation, mopping, car washing, etc.，” shares Mannat. The impact of Mannat's system is evident in her own home, where the prototype has been functioning for two years. For a family of four, the system saves 5, 000 to 6, 000 litres of potable water per month, effectively recycling 50% of their water demand. Furthermore, her decentralised approach significantly reduces carbon emissions compared to traditional centralised sewage treatment systems. Mannat Kaur's journey is an inspiring example of how youthful innovation, coupled with a deep understanding of real-world problems, can lead to impactful solutions. Her greywater recycling system addresses water scarcity and promotes a sustainable lifestyle, making her a true champion of environmental stewardship. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了18岁的曼纳特·考尔受德里供水短缺事件的启发，研发出分散式洗涤水回收系统，以解决水资源短缺问题，并在家中取得了显著成效，她的创新之旅激励着人们通过创新解决实际问题的故事。 5．What inspired Mannat to focus on water recycling? A．A scientific project. B．Delhi's water crisis. C．Her parents' advice. D．A household practice. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘I saw people struggling...their pots，’ recalls Mannat.”和第二段中的“Determined to find...greywater recycling.”可知，德里的水危机激发了曼纳特对水回收的关注。 6．What was a problem with greywater recycling according to the survey? A．Lack of government funding. B．Public disinterest in recycling. C．Great distance between families. D．Challenges in knowledge and methods. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mannat found that...stopped them from doing so.”可知，根据调查，洗涤水回收的问题是知识和方法上的挑战。 7．How does Mannat's creation work? A．By collecting, filtering, and storing. B．By treating, purifying, and storing. C．By reducing, recycling, and reusing. D．By pumping, filtering, and dumping. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Scupper Valve...stores the recycled water”可知，曼纳特的发明通过收集、过滤和储存来工作。 8．Which might be the best title for the passage? A．Reducing Pollution in Households B．Personal Efforts in Water Conservation C．A Teen's Innovation for Water Recycling D．The History of Pollution Treatment Systems C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了18岁的曼纳特·考尔受德里供水短缺事件的启发，研发出分散式洗涤水回收系统，以解决水资源短缺问题，并在家中取得了显著成效，她的创新之旅激励着人们通过创新解决实际问题的故事。因此，C项最适合作文章标题。 A篇 [高频词]engage in参加，参与　hand over交出，移交(权力、责任)　reflect on反省，考虑　[障碍词]revolution n．大变革，革命 handle v．处理，应付；控制，操纵　chore n．家庭杂务，日常琐事　undoubtedly adv.毫无疑问地　laundry n．刚洗好的衣物　pursuit n．事业；消遣，爱好；追求　unimaginable adj.不能想象的　undeniable adj.不可否认的，无可争辩的　reflective adj.沉思的，深思的　rhythm n．规则变化(模式)，节奏　contradiction n．不一致，矛盾　reproduce v．复制；繁殖，生育 [熟词生义]fabric(常用义)n.织物，面料 (文章义)n.(社会、机构等的)结构 B篇 [高频词]lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础　spark v．引发，触发　canal n．运河　barrier n．障碍　comprise v．由……组成 component n．成分，组成部件　purify v．净化　[障碍词]compact adj.小型的；紧凑的　drain n．下水道，排水管　filter n．过滤器 mop v．用拖把擦干净　potable adj.可饮用的 　sewage n．污水，污物　scarcity n．不足，缺乏　[熟词生义]couple (常用义) n．两人，一对 (文章义) v．连接，结合 长难句 分析 [B篇]The Bilge Vessel stores the recycled water, which can be used for non-drinking operations and activities that require non-human contact like irrigation, mopping, car washing, etc. [分析]　本句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词recycled water，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词activities。 [译文]　舱底水船储存循环水，这些水可用于非饮用用途以及需要非人类接触的活动，如灌溉、拖地、洗车等。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $