板块1 专题1 群文阅读 专练3 事物介绍类说明文-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用word）

专练三　事物介绍类说明文 (2025·长沙二模)Rice, one of the most consumed staple foods globally, holds a universal appeal that goes beyond cultural and geographical boundaries. This humble grain, grown in over 100 countries, is a primary food source for nearly half of the world's population. As one of the oldest cultivated crops, rice has played a central role in shaping cooking traditions, economies, and cultures around the world. Archaeological evidence suggests that rice was first grown over 10，000 years ago in the regions of ancient China. It has since spread globally, becoming a necessary part of numerous cultures. The spread of rice cultivation followed ancient trade routes, reaching the Middle East, Africa and eventually Europe and the Americas. In China and India, rice has been a staple food for a thousand years, deeply embedded in both daily life and rituals. Rice cultivation techniques and varieties developed in these regions have significantly influenced rice agriculture globally. Rice holds a place of great importance in Asian cuisine, serving as a main food and a cultural symbol across many countries in the region. Each Asian cuisine has developed unique ways of preparing and incorporating rice, reflecting the diverse cooking traditions and cultural practices of this vast continent. Rice is central to Chinese meals, often served plain to complement the variety of other dishes. Special dishes like fried rice and rice porridge are also popular. In Japan, short grain rice is a key component, most famously used in sushi. Rice is also served as a side in most meals and used in dishes like onigiri (rice balls) and sake (rice wine). The future of rice in cuisine continues to evolve, as chefs and home cooks alike push the boundaries of creativity, blending traditional methods with modern innovations. Yet the essence of rice, as a fundamental and unifying element of so many cooking traditions, remains unchanged. As we continue to explore the endless possibilities of this extraordinary grain, we carry with us a deeper appreciation for the role it plays in connecting us to different cultures, histories, and to each other. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕水稻的重要性展开，从历史、现状(文化、饮食)、未来等角度阐述其作为全球主粮的地位。 1．What's the main reason that rice is valued globally according to the passage? A．Its role in changing geographical environment. B．Its association with cultural rituals and festivals. C．Its contribution to sustainable farming practices. D．Its widespread cultivation and dietary importance. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，广泛种植和饮食方面的重要性是水稻受重视的主要原因。 2．Which statement best describes the role of rice in Asian cuisine? A．It is used in diverse cooking practices. B．It is primarily used in desserts. C．It is a symbol of high social status. D．It is cooked similarly in different countries. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each Asian cuisine...vast continent.”和第四段中的“Special dishes like fried rice...sake (rice wine).”可知，在亚洲烹饪中，大米被广泛用于各种烹饪方式中。 3．What does the further exploration of rice in cuisine focus on? A．Respecting cultural differences. B．Cultural appreciation and identity. C．Combining traditions with new ideas. D．Traditional cooking methods and equipment. C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可知，在进一步探索大米的烹饪方式时，应关注传统方法与现代创新的结合。 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Why the Type of Rice You Buy Matters B．Rice: A Global Grain in Diverse Cuisines C．How People in Different Places Cook Rice D．The History of Rice Around the World B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章阐述大米作为全球主粮的地位，不同地区以独特方式将大米融入饮食传统。因此，B项适合作本文标题。 (2025·台州二模)Nowadays, technologies such as hovering drones, robotic weeders, and precision fertilization could revolutionize agriculture by increasing food production while reducing environmental harm. However, there still exist some gaps in farming research. Researchers from PhenoRob at the University of Bonn have recently stated that the gaps should be filled. To achieve that, the researchers from PhenoRob stress the importance of joint efforts and interdisciplinary (跨学科的) teamwork worldwide. For example, field-scanning drones with high-resolution cameras can detect plant diseases and assess plant health and productivity. While the collected data is growing rapidly, to truly transform farming practices, it still needs to be integrated with global datasets on plant genetics, weather conditions, soil types and farming methods. Researchers also emphasize the importance of tracking the smart technologies used on farms globally. In this way, researches try to identify barriers to the adoption of technologies and approaches to encouraging their uptake. For example, some incentives such as financial assistance, tax breaks and land use discounts will help farmers overcome initial cost barriers, enabling investment in more efficient and sustainable farming practices to promote productivity and protect the environment. Such incentives are crucial for boosting the use of smart technologies like automated irrigation systems or AI-driven crop monitoring. Some technologies have already proven effective in improving sustainability. For example, robotic weeders can remove weeds without harming surrounding crops, which reduces the need for chemical herbicides and helps keep the soil healthy. At PhenoRob, researchers are integrating data into monitoring nitrogen levels. This data is used to create models that determine the ideal nitrogen amounts for different conditions, decreasing waste and minimizing environmental harm. As agriculture contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions，researchers believe these technologies will play a vital role in reducing some of the damage caused by traditional farming practices. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能农业应该全球跨学科合作，研究人员还强调了追踪全球农场使用的智能技术的重要性，同时一些技术已经证明在提高可持续性方面是有效的。 5．How will the gaps in farming be filled according to the researchers? A．By gathering region-specific datasets. B．By raising ecological plant productivity. C．By applying cutting-edge camera systems. D．By promoting global interdisciplinary cooperation. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To achieve that...interdisciplinary teamwork worldwide.”可知，通过促进全球跨学科合作以填补农业方面的空白。 6．What does the author think of the drone-collected agricultural data? A．Insufficient. B．Detailed. C．Irrelevant. D．Comprehensive. A　解析：观点态度题。根据第二段中的“While the collected data...farming methods.”可推知，作者认为现有数据是不足够的。 7．What does the underlined word “incentives” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Tax discounts. B．Traditional solutions. C．Investment profits. D．Motivational rewards. D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“such as...use discounts”可知，财政援助、税收减免等是一些鼓励性的奖励措施。因此，画线词意为“激励性奖励”。 8．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Robotic Application: Novel and Effective B．Worldwide Teamwork: Efficient and Diverse C．Smart Farming: Integration and Sustainability D．Modern Technology: Change and Convenience C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了智能农业应该全球跨学科合作，研究人员还强调了追踪全球农场使用的智能技术的重要性，同时一些技术已经证明在提高可持续性方面是有效的。因此，C项适合作本文标题。 (2025·T8第二次联考)If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work? And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet's surface? The second question is easier to answer: a lot. Salt doesn't directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice? That's where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze. Beyond rock salt's ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water. Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they're perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of the experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition—a Herculean task when winter brings its worst. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季除冰常用的岩盐的工作原理、使用量、危害以及替代方案的探索。 9．What's the purpose of the first sentence in paragraph 2? A．To introduce the topic. B．To give some evidence. C．To define the phenomenon. D．To reveal the misconception. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可推知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，即盐直接融化雪的错误认知。 10．How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing? A．By lowering the temperature. B．By melting and splitting itself. C．By lining up to form a solid structure. D．By stopping the formation of the structure. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Normally，when water freezes...Salt interrupts the process”可知，水分子结冰时会形成稳定、有序的结构，盐通过干扰这一过程来阻止结冰。 11．What does the underlined word “densities”in paragraph 4 mean? A．Concentrations. B．Weights. C．Qualities. D．Salts. A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，“chloride densities”的增加可能会影响当地的生态系统和饮用水源；再结合常识可知，此处指的是氯离子的浓度或含量。 12．What's the last paragraph mainly talking about? A．Other salts won't disturb local ecology. B．Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels. C．Many alternatives are available to solve the problem. D．Bitter winter makes it impossible to secure road safety. B　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，本段主要阐述很多地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气下人们的出行安全。 (2025·重庆南开中学二模)Is it amazing to generate electricity by getting moisture (水汽) from the air surrounding you? Such devices, called MEG, have already been created with some regular items such as a piece of fabric. However, the researchers found it quite challenging to balance and maintain the moisture content between where it shouldn't be and where it is required to be. To fix this problem, the team led by Tan Swee Ching from National University of Singapore created a new MEG. One part of the fabric in their device is coated with a special gel (凝胶). This is what they called the wet region. The special water-absorbing gel is able to take in more than six times its original weight. This is the very thing used to harvest moisture coming from the air around. The other end of this device is the dry region, which doesn't have the gel. They specifically designed the fabric this way to make sure that the area stays dry and that the water is trapped only in the wet region. The wet and dry regions ensure water is maintained just in the wet area, even if this device is left in an open damp environment for a month. This demonstrates how effective the device is when it comes to maintaining its stable electrical output. The MEG device also has immediate potential applications, one of which is to make a portable power source. “With this unique structure, the electric performance of our MEG device is significantly improved in comparison with the previous ones, thus making it possible to power many common electronic devices, such as health monitors and wearable electronics，” Tan said. “The invention can be massively produced because it's easy for factories to get their hands on commercially available raw materials. When it is perfected, many people can finally get their hands on this small, yet powerful tool that they can easily and readily apply in the devices used for their daily use，” Tan added. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新加坡国立大学研发的新型水汽发电装置(MEG)。 13．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The structure of the device. B．The functions of the device. C．The operation of the device. D．The advantages of the device. A　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“One part of...called the wet region.”和“The other end of... have the gel.”可推知，第三段主要介绍的是该装置的结构。 14．What plays the major role in solving the problem of the previous MEG? A．The water-absorbing gel. B．The stable electrical output. C．The design of wet and dry regions. D．The specially-designed fabric. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the researchers found it...required to be”及第三段内容可知，干湿区域设计在解决以前的装置出现的问题中起了主要作用。 15．Which statement will Tan probably agree with about the device? A．It has been widely applied. B．It has a promising future. C．It is a pioneering invention. D．It will succeed immediately. B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，谭很可能认为该装置的前景很好。 16．Why did the author write this passage? A．To present a recent study on saving energy. B．To compare the new MEG with previous ones. C．To advocate a new way of generating electricity. D．To introduce a better device of producing power. D　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者写本文的目的是介绍一种更优良的发电装置。 Test 1 [障碍词]staple adj.主要的　humble adj.普通的　primary adj.主要的，最重要的　cultivation n．种植　embed v．把……牢牢地嵌入　incorporate v．包含，使……并入　plain adj.不加修饰的，简单的　complement v．搭配，补充　evolve v．演变，发展blend v．使……融合 Test 2 [障碍词]high-resolution adj.高分辨率的　integrate v．整合，融合　dataset n．数据集　genetics n．遗传学　uptake n．使用，利用　productivity n．生产效率　irrigation n．灌溉　AI-driven adj.人工智能驱动的　sustainability n．可持续性 Test 3 [障碍词]line up排成一行，排队　interruption n．打断　stubbornly adv.顽固地　friction n．摩擦　destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的　degrade v．恶化，降解　mechanically adv.机械地　[熟词生义]wear(常用义)v.穿，戴 (文章义)n.磨损　tear(常用义)v.撕裂 (文章义)n.破洞，裂口 Test 4 [障碍词]generate electricity发电　content n．含量　device n．装置，设备　water-absorbing adj.吸水的　take in 吸收，吸入　demonstrate v．证明，展示　electrical output电力输出　portable adj.便携式的　wearable electronics可穿戴电子设备　massively adv.大规模地；大量地　[熟词生义]coat(常用义)n.外套 (文章义)v.涂；覆盖 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $