板块1 专题1 群文阅读 专练2 现象说明类说明文-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用课件）

专练二　现象说明类说明文 1 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·绵阳三模)Your teacher stops you and says he needs to have a word about your performance in the recent class. You worry about it all day, wondering what you might have done wrong. When you step into his office, he begins by praising you for your contributions to the class, and you wonder if this is the customary praise that starts off the typical “feedback sandwich” pattern: initiate with a compliment, insert the critical feedback, and conclude with another somewhat comforting remark. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Many educators employ this “feedback sandwich” technique in their teaching practice. However, positive feedback shouldn't merely serve as a buffer (缓冲区) for the negative; it ought to be sincerely delivered to spark and strengthen continued excellence. Here are three strategies to effectively give positive feedback. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Avoid Pairing Positive with Negative. When positive and negative feedback always seem to coexist, the positive feedback may lose its value and be overlooked. Make sure to provide positive feedback on its own, without adding constructive criticism. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Foster a “Growth Mindset”. Psychologist Carol Dweck, an advocate of the “growth mindset”， emphasizes the brain's adaptability and our capacity to nurture skills and talents we may initially lack. More often than not, praises tend to center on outcomes or natural abilities, such as “You have a keen eye for detail” or “You're naturally gifted in event planning”. However, he notes that highlighting the effort, exploration，and problem-solving approaches can promote skill development more effectively. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Cultivate a Positive Feedback Culture. Instead of reserving feedback for formal occasions such as performance reviews, integrate it into everyday interactions. Share informal，positive remarks during casual conversations or even when passing someone in the hallway. Furthermore, feedback shouldn't be limited to coming from superiors. Foster a culture where team members and classmates provide constructive comments for one another. Encourage peer-to-peer recognition. Motivate them to actively share positive observations and opinions about each other's behavior and contributions. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Embracing positive feedback not only boosts work performance but also enhances overall well-being in the long term. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何有效地给予正面反馈，包括避免将正面与负面反馈配对、培养“成长型思维模式”、营造积极的反馈文化。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 1．What is the structure of the “feedback sandwich”？ A．Positive, negative, positive. B．Positive, neutral, negative. C．Negative, positive, negative. D．Negative, neutral, positive. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“initiate with a compliment... comforting remark”可知，“反馈三明治”是“正面-负面-正面”的结构。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 2．What is the positive feedback like? A．Critical and harsh. B．Genuine and inspiring. C．Frequent but formal. D．Constructive but indirect. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“positive feedback shouldn't merely... continued excellence”可知，积极的反馈是真诚且鼓舞人心的。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 3．According to Carol Dweck, what should praise focus on? A．Gifts and results. B．Peer-to-peer recognition. C．Process and methods. D．Formal performance reviews. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, he notes that...more effectively.”可推知，卡罗尔·德威克认为赞扬应关注过程和方法。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare different feedback techniques. B．To criticize the feedback sandwich technique. C．To discuss the great harm of negative feedback. D．To explain how to give effective positive feedback. 解析：写作意图题。文章开头提到“反馈三明治”的局限性，随后提出三种有效给予正面反馈的策略，并详细展开说明。由此可知，文章的目的是介绍如何有效地给予正面反馈。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·温州二模)A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly，”says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours.“But that can be all it takes，”says Ashley. “I'm sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.” 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it's incredible，” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethic in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest，” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks，” says Watts.“Everyone loses in this case.” 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduce dangerous bacteria into water sources. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife. But people don't think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It's just such a hard thing to resist，” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn't obvious. “It's easy to think, oh, there are wild flowers over there. I shouldn't step on them，” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了游客在自然保护区的不当行为对自然环境造成的负面影响。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 5．What does Ashley mean by the underlined “But that can be all it takes”？ A．The rangers' work is efficient. B．The damage has been done. C．The cleanup takes a long time. D．The pollution has spread widely. 解析：句意猜测题。根据画线句上文“A dropped bag of chips...can be harmful.”以及“Soon，small animals... spreading the pollution.”可知，虽然护林员在几小时内就发现了薯片，但是损害已经造成了。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 6．What is a result of foreign waste in public lands? A．A shift in animal behavior. B．A shortage of food supplies. C．A decline in bacterial species. D．An increase in regional conflicts. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Leaving waste...disastrous results.”可知，留下外来垃圾会改变动物的行为。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 7．Why does the writer mention wild flowers in paragraph 5? A．To praise their benefits to desert life. B．To highlight our damage to ecosystems. C．To stress their significance for photography. D．To show our unawareness of nature's sensitivity. 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，人们容易意识到不应该踩野花，但是对于微小生态系统的敏感性缺乏认识。由此可推知，提到野花是为了通过对比，显示出人们对大自然敏感性的认识不足。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 8．According to this passage, what should we do when traveling? A．Encourage wildlife protection. B．Leave no trace in the wild. C．Promote national park tourism. D．Restore ecological damage. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过“薯片袋污染”“垃圾改变动物行为”“游客踩踏敏感区域”等案例，强调了“不留痕迹”的必要性。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·济南一模)It's a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related？” 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It's how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It's multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though they are identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words—a totally different context. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitters (发出者) and receivers share exactly the same code”．Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party，“That was fun”， she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language's efficiency. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 9．What does the complaint in paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A．The inconsistency between words and meaning. B．The importance of remembering vital moments. C．The necessity of straightforward communication. D．The unavoidability of argument in a couple's life. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的例子可推知，该例子体现了语言与真实含义的不一致。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 10．What may make human language different from true codes? A．The context included in understanding meanings. B．The definitions made by words in communication. C．The coded communication between emitters and receivers. D．The one-to-one relationship between words and meanings. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“True codes have a one-to-one... we see with animals.”及“We communicate more than the definitions...they are spoken.”可推知，理解意义时包含的语境使人类语言不同于真实的代码。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 11．How does Mary's statement “That was fun” illustrate about irony? A．It simplifies language to save time. B．It covers the true feelings of people. C．It needs wordy explanations to make sense. D．It uses fewer words for complex meanings. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Rather, she is expressing... language's efficiency.”可知，“That was fun”是用较少的词传达复杂的意义。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 12．What does the author suggest in communication? A．Focusing on the opposite. B．Taking language literally. C．Reading beyond the words. D．Avoiding using ironic tones. 解析：细节理解题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“We look for context... infer meaning.”可知，作者建议在交流中超越字面，解读隐含信息。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·安徽皖江名校联考)At mile 12, my feet were already starting to hurt. By mile 17 of this year's Boston marathon, I was overcome by an urge to stop. The muscles in my legs and the soles of my feet were aching. There were still 9 hilly miles to go. The intense highs and lows of long-distance running consumed me. While I finally completed my second marathon, I couldn't walk properly for days. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　How did it happen? “The sneakers you wear are responsible for your aching feet，” says Seth Kinley, an athletic trainer at Pennsylvania State University. Running a marathon means the foot strikes the ground thousands of times. Each step can cause stress and strain on the feet and legs. The repeated impact can lead to injuries, especially if the shoes don't provide enough support or cushioning (缓冲). This is why many runners experience pain or even develop long-term issues like stress fractures (骨折). 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　In the labs across the country, researchers are using high-tech equipment to design new kinds of gear and improve training routines. To prevent the stresses caused by running and other sports, scientists study how the body moves. The process begins when an athlete or employee points out a specific need. Experiments come next. At a Beaverton-based lab, basketball courts, treadmills, and padded running platforms have sensors that measure the forces of impact. Wind tunnels and temperature-controlled rooms simulate (模拟) real-world conditions. High-speed cameras take a thousand or more pictures per second. Computers perform analyses. Athletes come in to run and jump. A team of more than 25 experts watches their every move. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Meanwhile, companies also conduct their own research, all with the same goal—to make better, faster, cooler-looking shoes. Of course, profits are important, too. Sneakers, as you may know, can cost a lot of money, and the market is extremely competitive. Research is also going on at universities, sometimes for commercial reasons, other times to help coaches and athletes train better, or simply for the scientific interest of the work. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过作者的马拉松经历引出运动鞋对跑步者脚部健康的影响，随后介绍了相关科学研究和技术手段，最后总结了运动鞋科学的发展现状和多样化目标。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 13．Why does the author mention his second marathon? A．To introduce a sneaker-caused problem. B．To show the author's passion for marathon. C．To display the inspiration of sports science. D．To illustrate what is needed for a long race. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“my feet were already starting to hurt” “the soles of my feet were aching”及第二段运动训练师的观点可推知，提到作者第二次马拉松是为了引出运动鞋导致的问题。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 14．Which of the following might Kinley agree with? A．Runners should buy the well-known shoes. B．Right footwear is vital to protecting runners. C．A marathon runner needs to study athletics. D．Sport-caused injuries take place too often. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中金里说的话可知，金里可能会认同合适的鞋类对保护跑者至关重要。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 15．How does the Beaverton-based lab mainly work? A．By comparing collected data. B．By calling on volunteer subjects. C．By exploring body movements. D．By creating artificial situations. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“To prevent the stresses... how the body moves.”和“At a Beaverton-based lab...real-world conditions.”可知，波特兰实验室主要通过探索身体运动来工作。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 16．What can we conclude from the passage? A．Shoe companies help each other grow. B．Sneaker science is now widely pursued. C．Shoes are made for athletic performance. D．Scientific research is always profit-driven. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the labs...improve training routines.”以及最后一段内容可推知，运动鞋科学正受到广泛研究。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Test 1 [障碍词]customary adj.习惯的，习俗的　initiate v．开始，发起　insert v．插入，嵌入　critical adj.批判性的　comforting adj.令人安慰的　remark n．言论，评述　spark v．引发，触发　coexist v．共存　foster v．培养，促进　advocate n. 倡导者，拥护者　adaptability n．适应性　capacity n．能力，潜能　nurture v．培养，培育　more often than not通常，多半　center on集中于，围绕 cultivate v．培养 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Test 2 [障碍词]cut off隔绝　minimize v．最小化　disastrous adj.灾难性的　problematic adj.有问题的　erosion n．侵蚀 [熟词生义]foreign(常用义)adj.国外的 (文章义)adj.外来的；陌生的　put down(常用义)写下，记下 (文章义)杀死 Test 3 [障碍词]complaint n．抱怨，埋怨　multi-dimensional adj.多维度的　identical adj.完全相同的　inferential adj.推理的　literally adv.按照字面意义地　showcase v．展示，体现　interpret v．解释 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Test 4 [障碍词]sole n．脚底　strain n．压力　impact n．冲击力　training routine训练流程，常规训练　sensor n. 传感器　competitive adj.竞争激烈的　commercial adj.商业的　 [熟词生义]consume(常用义)v.消耗 (文章义)v.(情绪或体验)吞噬某人 返回首页 二轮专题复习 $