板块1 专题1 群文阅读 专练1 科学研究类说明文-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用课件）

群文阅读——说明文高频话题专练 专练一　科学研究类说明文 1 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·湖北部分重点中学联考)Until now it has been impossible to peer into the human mind, but new biometric(生物统计的) and machine learning tools are changing this. Assuming people approve of these technologies monitoring them，researchers can collect real-time facial analyses and eye-movement data using webcams, and therefore recognize subconscious facial expressions when people are engaged with different urban scenes. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Our research group at Tufts University has conducted a number of facial analyses and eye-tracking studies, using facial coding software to track 51 participants' real-time visual attention and facial expressions in response to images and videos of Memorial Drive in Cambridge. We captured similar images of the same stretch of road with and without cars and compared our participants' emotional reactions to both types of images. The system records a person's eye movements and facial expressions with a camera. Then the software uses an algorithm (算法) to score whether a participant displayed positive, negative or neutral emotions during each millisecond of the study based on subtle movements in their facial muscles. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　In its results, although our participants expressed neutral emotions in response to the images 85 percent of the time, they spent on average 0.4 percent more time expressing positive emotions in response to vehicle-less images and videos. While seemingly a small difference, any measurable effect from a still image can signal something worth considering. And after follow-up research, we did find that cars absorb people naturally, whereas people's emotional responses are more negative while people are looking at them. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Scientists and urban planners globally are beginning to polish biometric tools to understand these kinds of behavioral responses to urban and architectural elements. Natural elements like trees are less foreign to our brain than car-related infrastructure like traffic lights, and accord better with our in-born preferences. Furthermore, natural design elements make it easier for humans to relax and enjoy their surroundings as they reflect the natural surroundings of our environment. Car-free spaces are important in community building. Some studies have taken these biometric tools out of the lab, but more work is still needed to test these human behavioral responses in real-world conditions. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的生物测定和机器学习工具可以研究人们在处于不同的城市场景时的潜意识的面部表情。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 1．How did the researchers reach the conclusion? A．By making an assumption. B．By using webcams. C．By analyzing collected data. D．By using coding software. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的研究过程和第二段的数据分析可知，研究人员通过对收集到的数据进行分析，从而得出结论。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 2．What can we know according to the research conducted by Tufts University? A．A still image is worth more consideration. B．Images without vehicles could thrill participants. C．Most participants were neutral about the research. D．Images with vehicles might well capture participants. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“we did find...while people are looking at them”可知，有车辆的图像很可能吸引参与者的注意力。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 3．What can be inferred from this passage? A．Biometric tools can improve people's emotional states. B．The research findings might help guide urban planning. C．Happiness and the number of cars are positively related. D．Human consciousness can be transformed by biometric tools. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists and urban planners... architectural elements.”可推知，研究结果可能为城市规划提供指导。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Biometric tools help decode human perception. B．Biometrics suggests car-free cities in the future. C．Biometric tools make for a better environment. D．Biometrics promotes urban planning and building. 解析：文章大意题。通读文章可知，文章主要介绍了新的生物测定工具可以帮助破译人类感知。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·山东名校联考)Climate change is having a far-reaching and significant impact on the world's bird species, with a new study revealing that many are shrinking (缩小) in size. This research provides crucial insights into the complex relationship between birds and their changing environment. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Researchers from multiple famous universities, such as the University of Guelph and the University of Michigan, carefully analyzed data on nearly 80，000 individual birds from 52 species across North America. Their in-depth study covered a span(跨度) of over 40 years. During this period, as the global climate continued to warm, with average temperatures steadily rising, a remarkable trend emerged: the birds, on average, became smaller. In addition to the decrease in body size, the birds' wingspans have also increased slightly. Scientists believe this is an adaptation mechanism. In warmer conditions, a larger wingspan can help birds generate more lift with less effort, enabling them to fly more efficiently. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　The study's lead author, Dr. Ryan Norris, pointed out that the changes in birds' size and wingspans are highly likely to be a direct response to climate change.“Birds are highly sensitive to environmental changes, and these findings suggest that they are evolving in response to rising temperatures，” he said.“Smaller body size may help birds regulate their body temperature more effectively in warmer climates, while the increase in wingspans could aid in their ability to find food and mates over larger areas as habitats shift.” 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　However, the researchers also cautioned that these changes could have negative consequences for some bird species. For instance, smaller-bodied songbirds may have less energy reserves to bear the delicate balance of competition for resources. A bird with an altered wingspan might find it more difficult to compete with its peers for limited food sources or nesting sites. Additionally, the new wingspan characteristics could also impact their ability to avoid predators(捕食者)，as the predator-prey dynamics are often based on the birds' original physical characteristics. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对鸟类的影响。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 5．What did the researchers from the University of Guelph and the University of Michigan do? A．They studied the behavior of birds in different climates. B．They analyzed data on nearly 80，000 birds from 52 species. C．They observed the birds' migration patterns over 40 years. D．They investigated the link between birds and their predators. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers from...52 species across North America.”可知，来自圭尔夫大学和密歇根大学等著名大学的研究人员仔细分析了来自北美52个物种的近8万只鸟的数据。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 6．Why do birds' wingspans increase slightly according to the passage? A．To show their beauty to attract mates. B．To adapt to the reducing food sources. C．To fly more efficiently in warmer conditions. D．To better protect themselves from predators. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists believe this is...fly more efficiently.”可知，在温暖的环境中，更大的翼展能帮助鸟类更高效地飞行。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 7．What can we infer from Dr. Ryan Norris' words? A．Birds are not as sensitive to climate change as we thought. B．The changes in birds are mainly caused by human activities. C．The evolution of birds is a slow process to suit climate change. D．Changes in birds' size and wingspans relate to rising temperatures. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Birds are highly sensitive... rising temperatures”可知，鸟类体型和翼展变化是对气温上升的进化反应。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 8．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Large bird species may become extinct. B．Some birds may face survival challenges. C．Birds will have even more food sources. D．Birds will be free from their predators. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For instance, smaller-bodied songbirds...physical characteristics.”可知，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们一些鸟类可能面临生存挑战。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·盐城八校联考)When scientists look for an earthquake's cause, their search often starts underground. As centuries of earthquake researches have made clear, it's the crash of makeup plates and the movement of underground faults and cracks that mainly lead to an earthquake. But MIT scientists have now found that certain weather events may also play a role in setting off some quakes. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　In a study appearing recently in Science Advances, the researchers report that happenings of heavy snowfall and rain likely led to a series of earthquakes over the past several years in northern Japan. The study is the first to show that climate conditions could cause some quakes. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　“We see that snowfall and other environmental loading at the surface affect the stress state underground, and the timing of heavy rainfall events is well-connected with the start of this earthquake crowds，” says study author William Frank, an assistant professor in MIT's Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.“So，climate obviously has an effect on the response of the solid earth, and part of that response is earthquakes.” 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　The new study focuses on a series of ongoing earthquakes in Japan's Noto Peninsula. The team discovered that earthquake activity in the area is surprisingly in step with certain changes in underground pressure, and that those changes are influenced by seasonal patterns of snowfall and rainfall. The scientists doubt that this new connection between quakes and climate may not be unique to Japan and could play a role in shaking up other parts of the world. Looking to the future, they predict that the climate's influence on earthquakes could be more pronounced with global warming. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　“If we're going into a climate that's changing, with more extreme rainfall events, and we expect a redistribution of water in the atmosphere, oceans, and continents, that will change how the Earth's crust (地壳) is loaded，” Frank adds. “That will have an effect for sure, and it's a link we could further explore.” 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院科学家的最新研究发现，特定的天气事件，例如大雪和降雨，可能导致地震的发生。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 9．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1? A．Introduce the main topic. B．Describe a scientific experiment. C．Present different opinions on earthquakes. D．Explain the causes of earthquakes in detail. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，本段的目的是引出文章的主题，即气候条件与地震之间的关系。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 10．What is the finding of the study? A．Heavy rainfall indicates big earthquakes. B．Global warming will lead to more snowfall. C．There will be more and more earthquakes in the future. D．Certain weather events may contribute to some earthquakes. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究表明气候条件可能引发地震。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 11．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The research results will be applied immediately. B．The influence of climate on earthquakes will decrease. C．There will be no earthquakes caused by underground faults. D．More research on the climate-earthquake link will be conducted. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容，尤其是最后一段中的“That will have...further explore.”可推知，未来将会开展更多关于气候与地震联系的研究。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 12．What is a suitable title for the passage? A．The Secret of Earthquakes B．How to Predict Earthquakes C．Climate and Earthquakes: A New Link D．The Effects of Global Warming on Earthquakes 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项最新的研究发现，揭示了气候与地震的新关联，并警示未来气候变化的潜在影响。因此，C项适合作本文最佳标题。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　(2025·马鞍山二模)The researchers, from the University of Cambridge, say their solar-powered reactor could be used to make fuels to power cars and planes. It could also be used to generate fuels in remote or off-grid (没有电网的) locations. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Unlike conventional technologies, the reactor developed by the Cambridge researchers does not require fossil-fuel-based power, or the transport and storage of carbon dioxide(CO2)，but instead converts(转化)atmospheric CO2 into something useful using sunlight. The results are reported in the journal Nature Energy. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been proposed as a possible solution to the climate crisis. However, it is energy-intensive and there are concerns about the long-term safety of storing pressurized CO2 deep underground. “What if, instead of pumping carbon dioxide underground, we made something useful from it？” said first author Dr. Sayalee Katar from Cambridge's Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry.“Carbon dioxide is a harmful greenhouse gas, but it can also be turned into useful chemicals.” 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　The focus of the research group is the development of devices that convert waste, water and air into practical fuels and chemicals. These devices take their inspiration from photosynthesis(光合作用)：the process by which plants convert sunlight into food. The devices don't use any outside power: no cables, no batteries—all they need is the power of the sun. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　The team's latest system takes carbon dioxide directly from the air and converts it into syngas, a key element in the production of many chemicals. At night, specialized devices take in carbon dioxide. When the sun comes out, the sunlight heats up the collected gas, starting a chemical reaction that converts the gas into solar syngas. A mirror on the reactor concentrates the sunlight, making the process more efficient. 返回首页 二轮专题复习 　　The researchers say the particularly promising opportunity is that the syngas can be converted into many of the products we rely on every day, without contributing to climate change. They are building a larger-sized version of the reactor and hope to begin tests in the spring. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项利用太阳能将大气中的二氧化碳转化为燃料的技术。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 13．What can be learned about the reactor from the first two paragraphs? A．It consumes solar energy. B．It operates well in remote locations. C．It requires fewer technologies. D．It stores solar energy for transportation. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的say their solar-powered reactor以及第二段中的“the reactor developed...using sunlight”可知，这个反应器消耗太阳能。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 √ 14．Why does the author mention Katar's words? A．To introduce their alternative thinking. B．To show the process of their experiment. C．To recognize the value of their device. D．To explain the reasons for their success. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘What if, instead of...useful chemicals.’”可推知，作者提到卡塔尔的话是为了介绍他们的非传统思维。 返回首页 二轮专题复习 15．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The efficiency of different devices. B．Functional processes of the system. C．The cooperation of the team members. D．Working surroundings of the system. 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段围绕该系统的功能流程展开。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 16．What are the researchers planning to do? A．Produce green energy. B．Launch a trial of the reactor. C．Replace existing fuels. D．Create a large-sized mirror. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They are building...begin tests in the spring.”可知，研究人员计划启动反应器试验。 √ 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Test 1 [障碍词]peer v．仔细看，端详　real-time adj.实时的　subconscious adj.潜意识的，下意识的　neutral adj.中立的，持平的　subtle adj.细微的，微妙的　seemingly adv.表面上，看似　measurable adj.可测量的　polish v．修改，润饰，润色　infrastructure n．基础设施，基础建设　in-born adj.天生的　[熟词生义]capture(常用义)v.捕捉 (文章义)v.拍摄stretch(常用义)v.拉伸 (文章义)n.一片，一段 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Test 2 [障碍词]far-reaching adj.影响深远的　regulate v．调节　shift v．改变　caution v．提醒，警告　delicate adj.微妙的，微小的　alter v．改变 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Test 3 [障碍词]happening n．事件　well-connected adj.紧密相连的　solid adj.坚固的　in step with与……同步　seasonal adj.季节性的　pronounced adj.明显的　redistribution n．重新分配　[熟词生义]plate(常用义)n.盘，碟 (文章义)n.板块　fault(常用义)n.过失 (文章义)n.地质断层　set off(常用义)动身，出发 (文章义)引发 返回首页 二轮专题复习 Test 4 [障碍词]reactor n．反应器　conventional adj.传统的　storage n．储存　atmospheric adj.大气的　capture n．捕获　intensive adj.密集的　specialized adj.专门的　promising adj.有希望的 返回首页 二轮专题复习 $