专题1 微专题1 第2类 自然生态类-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语（教用word）

第二类　自然生态类 自然生态类说明文行文逻辑与命题点 现象引入 [命题点] 具体现象、推断文章后续可能的论述重点、判断文章要讨论的核心生态问题 分析现状、探究原因、 影响后果、解决措施 [命题点] 对现状描述和数据信息的准确把握、推断解决生态问题的关键方向、具体的影响后果、采取的应对措施 总结观点、展望未来 [命题点] 判断文章的核心观点是否围绕保护自然生态展开、推断作者对解决生态问题的态度、推断文章的社会意义和价值 (2023·全国甲卷D篇)Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 32．How do Americans look at grizzlies? A．They cause mixed feelings in people. B．They should be kept in national parks. C．They are of high scientific value. D．They are a symbol of American culture. 33．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A．The European settlers' behavior. B．The expansion of bears' range. C．The protection by law since 1975. D．The support of Native Americans. 34．What has stopped the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies? A．The opposition of conservation groups. B．The successful comeback of grizzlies. C．The voice of the biologists. D．The local farmers' advocates. 35．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Food should be provided for grizzlies. B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C．A special path should be built for grizzlies. D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 【思路总结】　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 32．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，人们对灰熊既怕又爱，对它们的感情很复杂。 33．C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.”和第四段中的“Today，there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.”可推知，灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的法律保护息息相关。 34．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Both efforts were overturned...conservation groups.”可知，动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国濒危动物法案》中除名。 35．B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If people remove food...getting grizzlies away.”可推知，人类可以和灰熊和谐共处。 (2025·潍坊一模)Imagine a world where food security relies on just a few crops. This is not fiction but our current path. Agricultural biodiversity—the lifeblood of flexible ecosystems—is collapsing due to climate change, habitat destruction, and industrial farming. Over 75% of plant genetic diversity has disappeared in a century, with just nine species now dominating global crop production. Such reliance on uniform crops leaves food systems open to pests, diseases, and climate extremes. Genetic diversity acts as a natural barrier against environmental changes. Different crop varieties respond differently to stressors, providing farmers with options to manage risks. When one crop fails, others can compensate, helping to safeguard harvests and livelihoods. However, as the diversity on our farms drops, farmers have fewer tools to adapt to the growing challenge brought on by environmental change. The fall brings numerous consequences, and human health suffers as well. Global diets now center on energy-rich but nutrient-poor food, resulting in 11 million annual diet-related deaths. And reduced access to diverse fruits and vegetables worsens malnutrition (营养不良) globally. Turning the trend around requires a multi-aspect approach that combines conservation, sustainable farming practices, and scientific innovation. Central to these efforts is the conservation of genetic resources—the seeds, genes, and living organisms that sustain our food systems. The global genebank network developed by CGIAR conserves over 700，000 accessions of more than 3，000 locally important and less well-known plant species. Sending samples out to thousands of requesters worldwide every year, it brings diversity back into communities, fields, and landscapes. We ourselves also need to bring biodiversity back into our fields. Agroecological practices, such as crop alternation, intercropping, and agroforestry, capitalize on the power of biodiversity to enhance soil health, control pests, and improve water use efficiency. Biodiversity is our insurance against environmental uncertainty. But like any insurance, it only works if we maintain it. Today's choices determine tomorrow's food recovery capacity. By boosting conservation and innovation, we can safeguard the genetic foundation of our survival. The seeds of the future are in our hands—let them thrive. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球农业生物多样性的下降及其对粮食安全和人类健康的影响，并提出了通过保护、可持续农业实践和科学创新来恢复生物多样性的方法。 1. What is discussed regarding global agriculture? A．The decline of agricultural biodiversity. B．The mismatch of food supply and demand. C．The lack of advanced agricultural technology. D．The overuse of chemical fertilizers in farming. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Agricultural biodiversity...global crop production.”可知，关于全球农业，文章讨论的是农业生物多样性的下降。 2．What does the underlined word “compensate” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Suffer from the risk. B.Speed up the recovery. C．Make up for the loss. D．Increase the diversity. C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Genetic diversity acts as...to manage risks.”以及画线词所在句可知，当一种作物歉收时，其他作物可以“弥补损失”，从而保障收成和生计，画线词意为“弥补、补偿”，与C项意思相近。 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The role of CGIAR. B．Impacts of farming practices. C．Measures to increase biodiversity. D．The importance of genetic diversity. C　解析：段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，第四段介绍的是增加生物多样性的措施。 4．What does the author agree with? A．Immediate human action is vital. B．Future global food supply is assured. C．Buying insurance for crops is a must. D．Traditional genetic seeds are hard to survive. A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为人类立即采取行动至关重要。 典例 [高频词]range n．分布区、活动区域　troublesome adj.引起麻烦的　in search of寻找　[障碍词]conflicted adj.矛盾的　overturn v．推翻　attractant n．引诱物，引诱剂　[熟词生义]flood (常用义)n.洪水 (文章义) v．大量涌入　sight (常用义) n. 风景 (文章义)v. 看见　act (常用义) v．行动 (文章义) n. 法案　quarter (常用义) n．四分之一 (文章义)(家畜等的)栏舍、饲养处 　 模拟 [高频词]collapse v．崩溃，瓦解　dominate v．支配、控制 　livelihood n. 生计 　bring on引发，导致　consequence n．结果，后果 center on以……为中心　sustain v．维持，支撑 　[障碍词]lifeblood n．命脉，生命线　reliance n．依赖，信赖　accession n．样本；保存品　capitalize v．充分利用　[熟词生义]uniform (常用义) n．制服 (文章义)adj. 单一的，同质的　extreme (常用义) adj. 极度的 (文章义)n. 极端天气　fail (常用义) v．失败 (文章义) v. (作物)歉收 长难句 分析 [典例]Their recovery has been so successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. [分析]　本句是复合句。that引导结果状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“de-list grizzlies”这一行为。 [译文]　灰熊的数量恢复极为成功，以至于美国鱼类及野生动物管理局已两次尝试将其移出濒危物种保护名录，此举将放宽法律保护，允许对其进行捕猎。 [模拟]However, as the diversity on our farms drops, farmers have fewer tools to adapt to the growing challenge brought on by environmental change. [分析]　本句是复合句。as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；动词不定式短语“to adapt to...environmental change”作后置定语，修饰tools；过去分词短语“brought on by environmental change”作后置定语，修饰challenge。 [译文]　然而，随着我们农场生物多样性的下降，农民应对环境变化所带来的日益严峻挑战的手段变得更少了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $