内容正文:
专题二非谓语动词
考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to do
to be
done
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to be
doing
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to have
done
to have
been done
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在
分词/
动名词
一般式
doing
being
done
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生
现在
分词/
动名词
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去
分词
一般式
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
◆(北京高考)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前, 还有很多问题仍需要解决。
◆(江西高考)Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
我们几乎已经花完了所有的钱, 没钱住旅馆了。
【即时训练】——单句语法填空
1.(天津高考单项填空)____________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
2.(江西高考)He is thought ____________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
3.The railway tunnel ____________(build) now over there is by far the longest one in the line through the mountains.
答案:1.Having worked 2.to have acted 3.being built考点二 非谓语动词作状语
(一)不定式作状语
1.作目的状语,可用so as to/ in order to替换, 但 so as to一般不可置于句首, 意为“为了;想要”。
◆(北京高考单项填空)To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了更容易与我们取得联系, 你最好把这张卡片放在手边。
2.作结果状语, 常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:only to do;enough to do(足够做……);too... to do...(太……而不能……);so/such... as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
◆George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
乔治战后归来, 却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
3.作原因状语, 常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
◆(辽宁高考)We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是, 这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中, 句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 且形容词表示主语的特征或性质, 此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中, 不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词, 则要在其后加上适当的介词, 使之构成及物动词短语。
◆Once plastic pollution arises in most public areas, it is