专题1 第4招 把握着眼点，突破词句猜测题-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语（教用课件）

第四招　把握着眼点，突破词句猜测题 1 词句猜测题可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以考查替代词所替代的内容。阅读理解题中所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据文章提供的语境，通过阅读上下文、由已知的信息或结合常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。词句猜测题主要包括词义猜测题、句意猜测题和代词指代题。常见的设问方式有： What does the underlined word “...” in paragraph...probably mean/refer to? What does the underlined part/sentence in paragraph...probably mean? What does the underlined word “that”/“it” in paragraph...refer to? 返回导航 二轮专题复习 微技法 巧图解 1 1 鲜素材 微考场 2 内 容 索 引 微技法 巧图解 01 4 词句猜测题——上下语境猜意义 【题型特点】　词句猜测题需充分利用上下文语境，厘清作者思路，锁定相关语句找线索解题。 【图解技巧】　 返回导航 二轮专题复习 【典例剖析1】　(2025·新高考全国卷ⅠB篇节选) As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed.　　　　 B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. [思路点拨]　 利用“语境”猜词意。根据画线词下文可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。画线词staggering意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 【典例剖析2】　(2024·新高考全国卷ⅡD篇节选) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. [思路点拨]　利用“逻辑”猜词意。根据画线短语所在句中的but及其后部分可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此可推知，画线短语指的应该是如果换一个学术能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 【典例剖析3】　 (2025·江西名校学术联盟冲刺卷C篇节选)A new research finds people who brag (吹嘘) about their stress levels are seen as less competent and less likable by their co-workers. “This is a behavior we've all seen and we all might be guilty of at some point，” says Jessica Rodell, lead author of the study in the journal Personnel Psychology. “When I was wondering about why people do this, I thought maybe we are talking about our stress because we want to prove we're good enough. We found out that often has the opposite effect.” 返回导航 二轮专题复习 8．What does Jessica Rodell mean by saying the underlined sentence? A．Bragging about stress levels is common. B．Only a few people brag about their stress levels. C.Many people like to brag about their accomplishments. D．Researchers feel guilty about talking about stress with others. [思路点拨]　意义吻合推句意。画线句中的主语This指代上文中的“brag about their stress levels”，因此根据句中的两个all可推知，画线句的意思是“吹嘘压力水平的现象是很常见的”。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 代词指代题——“就近原则”找指代 【题型特点】　文章中常用代词避免重复，学习中需熟悉代词的含义，如it、this等。解答时要遵循“就近原则”，找离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，有时也需总结上文以确定指代对象。 【图解技巧】　 返回导航 二轮专题复习 【典例剖析4】　(2025·新高考全国卷ⅡB篇节选) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” 返回导航 二轮专题复习 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention. C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy. [思路点拨]　利用“就近原则”找指代。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数或整体概念可知，答案可定位到画线词所在句的前一句；it指的是“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments”，代入原文，符合句意。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 鲜素材 微考场 02 15 A (2025·山东九五高中协作体5月质检)On the surface, it may not appear that Dr. Dolittle and artificial intelligence (AI) have much in common. One belongs in 1900s children's literature, while the other is firmly rooted in the 21st century. One is a physician turned vet (兽医) who can talk to animals, and the other a computerized technology that cannot. But the dream of speaking with animals may not be so fantastical anymore. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 AI has already given us the ability to bark instructions at robots—could its potential be extended to the animal kingdom? Could it help us understand the natural world and maybe one day allow us to “talk” to animals? The first difficulty in “translating” animal communication is understanding what that communication looks like. Human language is made up of verbal (口头的) and non-verbal cues, and animal communication is no different. Dogs wag their tails, for example, to convey a range of emotions. However, there is some debate as to whether this can be considered a “language”. According to Dr. Herzing, research director of Wild Dolphin Project, AI could help put it to bed． 返回导航 二轮专题复习 “We currently don't know if animals have a language，” Herzing said. “But AI can help us look for language-like structures which might suggest animals have parts of a language.” Scientists have been collecting sounds, calls and various animal vocalizations (发声) for decades. Research has shown that animal vocalizations carry many types of information from their identity to external objects. The hope is that AI models being developed can work like what existing AI language models do for human input, and turn those vocalizations into something more recognizable to humans. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 With a better understanding of the animals around us, can we still justify practices that slaughter (屠宰) them? This could have far-reaching influences, including for the treatment of animals in entertainment, research and agriculture. From a human perspective, there is also a lot we could learn, not just about ourselves but about animals and, maybe, other life forms. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在与动物 “交流” 方面的可能性及相关研究，探讨了人工智能在理解动物语言和行为上的作用以及对动物保护的潜在影响。 返回导航 二轮专题复习 1．Why does the author mention Dr. Dolittle in paragraph 1? A．To present a classic figure. B．To highlight literary-real gap. C．To inspire animal talk fantasy. D．To indicate tech realizes fairytale. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“One is a physician turned vet...with animals may not be so fantastical anymore．”可推知，作者提到杜立特医生是为了表明科技可以实现童话中的幻想。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 2．What does the underlined part “put it to bed” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Solve the problem. B．Suspend the research. C．Continue the discussion. D．Reconsider the definition. 解析：词义猜测题。利用“语境”猜词。根据第四段中的“We currently don't know...animals have parts of a language.” 可知，人工智能可以帮助解决动物是否有语言这一问题。所以put it to bed意为“解决问题”。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 3．What are AI models expected to do? A．Interpret human language patterns. B．Assess the general state of animals. C．Make animal voices understandable. D．Record major events in the natural world. 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The hope is that...turn those vocalizations into something more recognizable to humans.” 可知，人工智能模型有望使动物的声音被人类理解。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 4．What will a better understanding of the animals lead to? A．A new life form exploration. B．The better animal welfare. C．A deeper reflection on humans. D．The advanced slaughter technology. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With a better understanding...the treatment of animals in entertainment, research and agriculture.” 可推知，对动物更好的理解会带来更好的动物福利。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 B (2025·南通模拟)The gut ecosystem in the first few years of our lives is key to a lifetime of good health. The condition of the infant microbiome (微生物群系) can particularly be related to the risk of diseases years later including malnutrition and diabetes. Thus, controlling the types of bacteria in the infant gut could help control disease risk and have long-term health benefits. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 The team, led by Kana Yahagi, a microbiologist at Yakult Central Institute in Tokyo, Japan, is seeking to decode the genetic and metabolic (代谢的) mechanisms behind how the microbiome in the infant gut develops in critical stages of life by following a group of individuals over long periods, starting from birth. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 In 2016, researchers at Yakult Central Institute showed for the first time the genetic mechanism behind the transformation over the first month after birth and found that a strain of the beneficial bacteria—Bifidobacterium—unique to infants effectively used the sugars in breast milk. The strain has a gene responsible for producing proteins that import oligosaccharides from breast milk into the bacteria, where they are broken down and transformed into energy. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 In a follow-up study on the same people in 2021, the researchers analyzed faecal (粪便的) samples of healthy breast-fed infants over the first two years of their lives. They found that the infant microbiome developed in three stages, each dominated by a different group of bacteria: the first by Enterobacterales, the second by Bifidobacteriales and the third by Clostridiales. The discovery that all infants underwent these changes was unexpected, given the diversity in the adult microbiome, says Yahagi. 返回导航 二轮专题复习 However, the timing of the second stage, when Bifidobacteriales became dominant, varied among infants. Some made the switch within several days after birth, but others only changed after six months. “There's likely a time window in which infants should have certain types of microorganisms in their gut，” says Naoki Tsukuda, a microbiologist at Yakult Central Institute. “Maturing too late, or too early, both appear to increase disease risk. But what causes the individual differences? We still have no idea now.” 返回导航 二轮专题复习 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员对婴儿肠道微生物群系的研究，包括其与健康的关系、发展阶段以及研究发现和待解决的问题等。 返回导航 二轮专题复习 5．What does paragraph 2 talk about concerning the study? A．The purpose. B．The process. C．The practical application. D．The background information. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，该团队试图通过长期跟踪一组从出生开始的个体，来解码婴儿肠道微生物群系在生命关键阶段发展背后的遗传和代谢机制，这是在说明研究的目的。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 6．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 3? A．Oligosaccharides.　　 B．Bacteria. C．Proteins. D．Genes. 解析：代词指代题。利用“就近原则”找指代。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容出现在前面的句子中，且they表复数可知，答案定位至画线词上文“The strain has a gene responsible for producing proteins that import oligosaccharides from breast milk into the bacteria”；they指代的是“oligosaccharides”，即低聚糖被从母乳中转运至细菌后，在细菌中被分解并转化为能量。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 7．What can we learn about the follow-up study? A．The researchers made the discovery through sample analysis. B．Every infant microbiome developed in three stages as expected. C．The dominance of Bifidobacteriales occurred simultaneously in infants. D．A strain of the beneficial bacteria unique to infants was found for the first time. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In a follow-up study...over the first two years of their lives.” 可知，研究人员是通过分析粪便样本进行后续研究的。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 8．What may further research about infants microbiome focus on? A．The diversity of microorganisms. B.The benefits of breast milk to the gut ecosystem. C.The exploration of more stages dominated by bacteria. D．The reasons for the different timing of the second stage. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, the timing of the second stage...among infants.”及“But what causes the individual differences? We still have no idea now.”可知，目前还不知道婴儿肠道微生物群系第二阶段时间差异的原因，所以后续研究可能会集中在这方面。 √ 返回导航 二轮专题复习 A篇 [高频词]have...in common有……共同之处　physician n．医生　be made up of 由……组成　cue n．暗示，提示；信号　a range of一系列　external adj.外部的，外面的　far-reaching adj. 深远的　perspective n．态度，观点　[障碍词]fantastical adj.奇异的，虚构的　wag v．摇摆　recognizable adj.容易认出的，易于识别的　[熟词生义]bark (常用义)v. 吠叫 (文章义)v. 大声发出(命令或指示) 返回导航 二轮专题复习 B篇 [高频词]follow-up adj.后续的　undergo v．经历，承受　dominant adj.占优势的，主导的　mature v. 成熟　[障碍词]gut n．消化道，肠道　infant n．婴儿，幼儿　diabete n．糖尿病　decode v．解码；阐明　genetic adj.基因的，遗传学的 [熟词生义]strain (常用义) n．压力 (文章义) n. 品种，类型 返回导航 二轮专题复习 长难句 分析 [A篇]The hope is that AI models being developed can work like what existing AI language models do for human input, and turn those vocalizations into something more recognizable to humans. [分析]　本句是复合句。that引导表语从句，其中being developed作后置定语，修饰AI models；从句的谓语动词为can work和(can) turn；what引导宾语从句，作介词like的宾语。 [译文]　人们希望，目前正在开发的人工智能模型能够像现有的人工智能语言模型处理人类输入那样工作，将这些发声转化为人类更容易识别的内容。 返回导航 二轮专题复习 长难句 分析 [B篇]The strain has a gene responsible for producing proteins that import oligosaccharides from breast milk into the bacteria, where they are broken down and transformed into energy. [分析]　本句是复合句。形容词短语responsible for producing proteins作后置定语，修饰a gene；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词proteins；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bacteria。 [译文]　该菌株含有一种负责生成蛋白质的基因，这些蛋白质能将母乳中的低聚糖转运至细菌内，在那里低聚糖被分解并转化为能量。 返回导航 二轮专题复习 $