焦点 04 阅读理解之说明文-备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏盐城）

焦点04 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文重难点分析​ 结合2025年盐城中考英语真题（如亭湖区、盐都区一模说明文）及2026年江苏中考命题趋势，2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文的核心重难点可归纳为以下几类： 1. 结构与逻辑分析：识别复杂逻辑链​ 说明文的核心是“说明”，其结构多为“总-分-总”“问题-解决”“时间/空间顺序”，但2026年可能强化复杂逻辑链的考查（如多步骤说明、隐含因果）。例如，2025年盐都区一模说明文《父母如何让孩子形成“良性愤怒”》采用“现象-原理-方法”的逻辑结构，要求读者理清“愤怒的表达”与“孩子心理健康”之间的隐含因果关系。 具体难点： 区分“并列结构”（如“first, next”）与“递进结构”（如“furthermore, finally”）； 识别“隐含因果”（如“孩子从不发脾气，反而更容易焦虑”需推导因果）； 处理“多步骤说明”（如“垃圾分类的三个步骤”需整合分散信息）。 2. 专业术语与长难句：语境化理解​ 说明文常涉及学科术语（如科技类的“algorithm算法”、环保类的“carbon emission碳排放”、文化类的“intangible cultural heritage非物质文化遗产”），且长难句多为嵌套定语从句、被动语态（如“The new policy, which was introduced last year, aims to reduce carbon emissions by 20%”）。 具体难点： 术语的语境化推测（如“carbon footprint”可通过“travel by plane increases carbon footprint”推测为“碳足迹”）； 长难句的主干提取（如“Despite the challenges, the project, which is funded by the government, has made significant progress”的主干是“The project has made progress”）。 3. 细节定位与干扰项排除：“形似而神不似”的陷阱​ 说明文的细节题多考查数据、步骤、特征、优缺点（如2025年阜宁县一模说明文《火星的基本特征》中的“火星直径比地球小”需定位数据），但干扰项设计愈发精巧，常见陷阱包括： 偷换概念（如将“reduce”改为“eliminate”，将“30%”改为“50%”）； 无中生有（如原文未提及“火星有生命”，选项却出现“Mars has life”）； 逻辑颠倒（如“因为下雨，所以地面湿”被改为“因为地面湿，所以下雨”）。 4. 推理与主旨归纳：区分“事实”与“观点”​ 说明文的推理题要求“文本证据+合理逻辑”（如2025年亭湖区一模说明文《月球上种植植物》需推断“实验的意义”），主旨题则需合并各段主题句（如“本文主要介绍月球种植的可能性”）。 具体难点： 区分“事实”（客观描述，如“月球土壤含有水分”）与“观点”（主观判断，如“月球种植未来可能实现”）； 避免“过度推断”（如原文说“实验成功”，不能推出“月球适合人类居住”）； 归纳“隐含主旨”（如“本文通过实验说明月球种植的可行性”需整合各段信息）。 二、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文解题步骤​ 针对上述重难点，结合2025年盐城中考真题及2026年江苏命题趋势，系统化解题步骤可总结为以下四步： Step 1：通读全文，把握结构与主旨​ 标记段落主题句：主题句多在段首（开门见山）或段尾（总结强调），如2025年盐都区一模说明文《父母如何让孩子形成“良性愤怒”》的首句“Anger is a normal emotion, but how parents handle it affects children's mental health”是全文主旨句。 绘制逻辑图：用符号标注逻辑关系（如“∵”表示因果，“→”表示步骤，“vs”表示对比），例如“问题-解决”结构可标记为“问题→原因→解决方法”。 Step 2：定位细节，关键词匹配​ 关键词定位法：根据题干中的数字、专有名词、术语（如“carbon emission”“algorithm”）回原文定位，例如题干“ What is the main advantage of Solaris compared to traditional cars?”中的“advantage”和“traditional cars”是关键词，需定位到原文“Unlike traditional cars, it emits zero pollution”。 注意限定词：如“main purpose”需关注首尾段，“best describes”需匹配最佳选项（如“本文的主要目的是介绍”而非“说服”）。 Step 3：分析逻辑，推理判断​ 因果推断：若文中提到“due to”“as a result”，需关联前后信息（如“因为温室气体排放增加，所以全球气温上升”）； 观点与事实区分：事实是客观描述（如“火星的直径是6792公里”），观点是主观判断（如“火星是太阳系中最像地球的行星”）； 隐含信息推导：如原文“孩子从不发脾气，反而更容易焦虑”可推导出“压抑愤怒对孩子的心理健康不利”。 Step 4：验证答案，排除干扰​ 同义替换验证：正确选项常对原文进行改写（如“reduce pollution”对应“cut down emissions”，“efficient”对应“save time and energy”）； 排除绝对化选项：如“only”“absolutely”等词多为错误选项（如“Only by reducing carbon emissions can we save the earth”过于绝对，原文可能说“Reducing carbon emissions is one of the ways to save the earth”）； 逻辑一致性检查：答案需与原文逻辑一致（如“火星比地球小”不能推出“火星比地球冷”，需原文有“火星的大气层更薄，所以更冷”的支持）。 三、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文预测分析​ 结合2025年盐城中考真题及2026年江苏中考命题趋势，2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文的命题方向与备考建议如下： 1. 命题趋势预测​ 主题聚焦： 科技类：人工智能应用（如“AI在教育中的作用”）、新能源技术（如“氢能源汽车的优缺点”）； 环保类：碳中和措施（如“绿色校园的实践”）、垃圾分类（如“盐城的垃圾分类政策”）； 文化类：非遗技艺原理（如“蓝印花布的印染工艺”）、传统建筑结构（如“盐城水街的建筑特色”）。 题型创新： 图文结合题：如流程图（如“湿地保护步骤”）、表格（如“不同能源的碳排放量对比”）； 多文本对比题：如两篇关于“线上学习vs线下学习”的说明文，要求比较两者的优缺点； 批判性思维题：如“作者对AI的态度是支持还是反对？请说明理由”（需结合文本内容分析）。 2. 备考建议​ 强化结构化训练：每日练习1篇说明文，用思维导图梳理文章框架（如“问题-解决”结构），例如2025年扬州中考说明文《垃圾分类指南》的框架是“为什么要垃圾分类→如何分类→分类的好处”； 积累高频主题词汇： 科技类：innovation（创新）、sustainable（可持续的）、automated（自动化的）； 环保类：recyclable（可回收的）、emission（排放）、ecosystem（生态系统）； 文化类：heritage（遗产）、craftsmanship（工艺）、traditional technique（传统技艺）； 精析长难句：每日拆解1-2句说明文长难句，标注主干与修饰成分（如“定语从句”“同位语”），例如“The project, which is funded by the government, aims to protect the wetland ecosystem”的主干是“The project aims to protect the wetland ecosystem”； 真题研究：分析近3年盐城中考说明文（如2023年“盐城湿地保护”、2024年“新能源汽车”），总结命题规律（如细节题占比60%，推理题占比20%）。 四、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文易错点提醒​ 避免过度解读：说明文答案需严格基于文本，忌主观联想（如“作者可能支持某政策”若无依据则错误）； 警惕“偷换概念”：干扰项可能替换原文关键词（如将“renewable”改为“non-renewable”，将“reduce”改为“eliminate”）； 注意单位与数据：如“increase by 20%”（增加了20%）与“increase to 20%”（增加到20%）含义不同； 区分“主旨”与“细节”：主旨题需覆盖全文，细节题需定位具体信息（如“本文的主旨是介绍火星的特征”而非“火星的直径是多少”）。 结语​ 2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文的核心是“考查综合语言运用能力”，即“读懂文本+分析逻辑+解决问题的能力”。考生需通过结构化训练（如思维导图）、高频词汇积累（如科技、环保类术语）、长难句拆解（如提取主干）等方法，突破重难点，提高解题准确率。同时，需关注2026年江苏中考的命题趋势（如图文结合、多文本对比），提前做好准备，确保在考试中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A For the people of Dahuangba village in Yunnan, wild Asian elephants were once a big problem. Living near the forest where elephants are, villagers often saw their crops (庄稼) eaten by these large animals. Some even faced scary moments, like being trapped in cars as elephants shook them. While it might be fun for the elephants, it was frightening for the locals. Because of this, many villagers used to dislike the elephants. However, things are now changing. New technologies, such as early warning apps that track the elephants, and a special team paying attention to their movements, are helping. Signs are also placed on roads to warn people when elephants are nearby. These signs tell people to stay away, not pass, not take photos, and never try to scare the elephants. Villager Tao Daqiang said the elephants often come to the farmland, especially during fall, because they know where the best food is. This problem is made worse because the village is close to the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve (保护区), a large forest and one of the elephants’ main homes. Tao explained that almost everyone in the village has encountered (遇见) the elephants at some point. He believes the best way to live peacefully with them is for people and elephants to avoid each other as much as possible. After all, no encounter with a wild elephant is ever easy. 1．Why were wild Asian elephants once a big problem for people of Dahuangba? A．They broke cars in the forest. B．They were not fun to play with. C．They lived in people’s houses. D．They ate crops and scared villagers. 2．What do villagers do to change the situation? ①take photos              ②put up signs ③start a special team        ④use early warning apps A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 3．In which season do the elephants often visit the farmland? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter. 4．What does Tao think is the best way for elephants and people to live peacefully? A．Avoiding seeing each other. B．Putting the elephants in the zoo. C．People moving the village away. D．Bringing enough food to elephants. B You probably see a lot of things made of plastic, like bottles and bags. What happens when the plastic is thrown away? Scientists say that much of it reaches the oceans in the end, and causes problems for ocean creatures (生物), like fish and seabirds. “Plastic makes ocean creatures in danger. Some of them die when they are caught in pieces of plastic, and others eat the plastic and die, too.” says Allison Schutes of the Ocean Conservancy, a group that protects oceans. A recent study shows that lots of plastic reaches the oceans each minute. Scientists predict (预言) that by the year 2050, our oceans will have more plastic than fish. Most scientists say taking out all the plastic that is already in the oceans is impossible. Instead, they say the best way is to stop more plastic from reaching the oceans. Many groups are taking action. They pick up litter before it reaches the oceans. For example, volunteers from the Ocean Conservancy collected more than 16 million pounds of litter last year. Experts also encourage people to use less plastic. Many cities and towns in some countries have stopped using plastic bags. Experts also suggest that people should use more reusable bottles and bags. “These seem like small things,” says Schutes, “but they can help to make a big difference.” 1．How many things made of plastic are mentioned in this passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．What is predicted about oceans by 2050? A．No fish. B．More plastic than fish. C．No plastic. D．More fish than plastic. 3．What are people doing to protect the oceans now? A．Take out all ocean plastic. B．Collect litter before it reaches oceans. C．Don’t use plastic. D．Use more bottles and bags. 4．Which is true about the plastic? A．It keeps reaching the oceans. B．It does no harm to ocean creatures. C．All of it can be taken out of oceans. D．It’s easy to solve plastic pollution. C What has pushed the performance of modern athletes to a new height? One of the key driving forces may lie in modern technology. The athletes use modern equipment (装备) to help them run faster, jump higher and win more nowadays. Runners wear high-tech shoes to go faster. These shoes are made of special materials to lighten the weight and provide better support. High-tech is helping bicyclists, too. They ride bikes made from lightweight materials like carbon fiber (碳纤维). These bikes are built to reduce wind resistance and help them ride faster and more smoothly. A small change in design can make a huge difference. What’s the future of smart sports equipment? A recent development is smart clothing. It uses sensors (传感器) to help to tell athletes what is going on in their bodies. These sensors are also able to tell how much energy they are using. One product in development is a wearable sensor. It tells runners when and how much they need to drink. Modern technology also improves training. Coaches use computers, apps, and smart tools to help their athletes learn better skills. For example, some coaches use video analysis tools to study and improve their athletes’ movements. Virtual reality (VR) has also become part of the training. It allows athletes to feel like they are competing in real matches, helping them prepare for possible challenges. With technology, athletes can improve their performance and achieve amazing results. However, technology will never take the place of talent or hard work. The mix of hard work, talent, and smart tools helps athletes reach their best level. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By making comparisons. 2．What are the sensors used to do in smart clothing? A．Help athletes know their body condition. B．Make athletes use less energy in sports. C．Provide athletes all kinds of drinks they want. D．Tell athletes when to put on smart clothing. 3．Why do athletes use virtual reality (VR) in training? A．To experience real-match feelings. B．To change weight and offer better support. C．To tell how much energy they are using. D．To improve their body movements easily. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Modern athletes are more talented than those in the past. B．Smart clothing will soon replace all other sports equipment. C．Coaches are the most important for athletes in their training. D．Technology helps improve athletes’ performance in many ways. 【提升题】 A ①If you share a photo on Weibo, others will know you are in Chongqing. Chinese social media platforms now show their users’ locations. All this information is based on our IP addresses. So, what exactly is an IP address? Can others exactly locate us through our IP addresses? ②You may compare your IP address to your home address. Your friends can find your home with your home address. Similarly, with your IP address, other devices (设备) can “find” your device. Without your IP address, Bilibili wouldn’t know where to send that cute cat video you just clicked (点击) on. But your IP address doesn’t directly give away your name, phone number or home address. It only shows your general location. ③ ▲ Everything you do online is being watched, whether by social media platforms or your browser (浏览器). This data is often linked to your IP address. It is stored on servers (服务器) across the world. But some bad guys can know your online activities just by having your IP address even if you use a password to lock your device. ④Cybercriminals (网络罪犯) can steal your information by hacking into certain servers. Companies’ servers get hacked every day, so the chance of this happening is never zero. ⑤Skilled hackers can also reach your device if they know your IP address. This is especially true if you are connected to public Wi-Fi networks. The hackers can then install malware (恶意软件) on your devices. These malware can steal your information without you knowing about it. ⑥If you are worried about what will happen if someone gets your IP address, you may consider changing your online habits. For example, do not share any personal information on social media. Regularly (定期地) changing your IP address can also make it harder for anyone to steal your information. You can do so by turning off your router (路由器) for a minute and turning it on again. 1．Why does the writer mention sharing a photo on Weibo in Paragraph 1? A．To explain how to use Weibo. B．To show the popularity of Weibo. C．To warn readers not to share photos online. D．To lead into the topic of IP addresses. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．IP addresses can show your exact home address. B．IP addresses help devices communicate with each other. C．People can get your phone number directly with your IP address. D．A stranger can know your name quickly from your IP address. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．And it’s easy to hide your IP address. B．But this can make your life happier. C．However, plenty of risks are still there. D．So people like sharing their daily life online. 4．According to the last paragraph, what can we do to protect our IP addresses? ① Use a password to lock the device. ② Turn off the router for a minute and then restart it. ③ Share less personal information on social media. ④ Change the IP address once a week. A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④ B When it comes to personal change, most people focus on behavior, such as exercising more, eating healthier, and setting bigger goals. But real change can also begin with the way you talk to yourself—the inner dialogue that quietly but powerfully shapes your self-concept (自我概念). Psychologists (心理学家) describe self-concept as the set of beliefs that a person holds about who they are. These beliefs act like an inner blueprint that guides your feelings, choices, and behavior. Your self-concept is not fixed. It is malleable, especially when you become aware of the influences that shape it. And one of the biggest influences is the inner dialogue. Your inner dialogue, or self-talk, is like the narrator (叙述者) of your personal story. Each time you think “I can’t do this,” you add to that story, and over time, these repeated messages can feel like a natural part of your self-concept. More importantly, this inner story directly shapes your actions and results. For example, a boy keeps telling himself “I’m not good at public speaking.” This makes him avoid speaking up or feel very nervous during presentations. He then sees any difficulty as a sign that his belief is true. His inner story holds him back, even though he wishes to change. If you want to change your self-concept, you must start by changing your inner story on purpose. This doesn’t mean mindlessly repeating positive statements you don’t believe. It means carefully creating a more encouraging, truthful story about who you are—and who you are becoming. Here are some ways to start changing your inner dialogue. ·Pay close attention to the repeated statements you make about yourself. Are they empowering or limiting? What you say repeatedly becomes part of your self-concept. ·Be mindful of the statements that follow “I am” and “I can.” These phrases shape how you view yourself and what you believe is possible. Choose language that supports who you want to become. ·Create simple, believable statements that paint a picture of who you want to become. For example, turn “I am terrible with people” into “I am learning to connect with others.” Then, look for real facts—from present or past experiences—that support your new story. Changing your self-concept isn’t about acting like someone you’re not. It’s about recognizing that you already have the power to be more than the old stories you’ve been telling yourself. Start with your inner dialogue. That’s where real change begins. 1．What does the word “malleable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Able to change. B．Hard to explain. C．Quick to form. D．Free to explore. 2．Why does the writer use the example of a boy in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce what inner dialogue is. B．To show the effects of inner dialogue. C．To explain the reason for avoiding challenges. D．To give advice on expressing a personal story. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Daily actions shape self-concept the most. B．Self-concept changes naturally on its own over time. C．Inner dialogue can be shaped without considering the past. D．Self-concept change starts with purposeful inner dialogue. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To prove that positive self-talk leads to success. B．To discuss influential words in building self-concept. C．To encourage personal change through positive self-talk. D．To compare the influence of self-concept with that of self-talk. C Traditional Chinese colors play a key role in Chinese aesthetics. However, they are more than just beautiful shades—they have deep cultural meanings. These colors are not chosen randomly (随机). Instead, they are closely connected to history, nature, and social values. Let’s explore how these colors are used and what they stand for. In ancient China, there were five primary colors: cyan (青色), red, yellow, white, and black. Unlike the modern Western primary color system, these colors were linked to Wu Xing (the Five Elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, water. They also stood for directions and seasons. This connection made them more than just pretty colors. Yellow stood for the earth and the center. It became the color of the emperor. In the Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties, only the royal family could wear bright yellow. The emperor’s clothes and palace roofs (like those of the Forbidden City) were yellow, showing the highest power. Red means fire, the south, and summer. It stands for joy and good luck. During the Chinese New Year, people hang red lanterns and give red packets. At weddings, people wear red and use red decorations to keep away bad luck and celebrate new starts. Even today, red is still the top choice for important and happy events. By mixing the five primary colors, people made secondary colors. For example, green comes from cyan and yellow. It means life and nature. In Chinese gardens, green plants and ponds create a peaceful feeling. Pink, from red and white, means grace. It was often used in women’s clothes. In art, colors are used to express feelings. Ink paintings use black and white in light to dark shades to show mountains, rivers, and feelings. Blue and white porcelain (青花瓷) has a blue design on a white base (基底). It looks clear and elegant. It became famous around the world through the Silk Road. The contrast (对比) between dark blue and bright white creates a clean and timeless beauty with special Eastern magic. It was once popular along the Silk Road, making it a global symbol of Chinese culture. 1．What does the underlined word “aesthetics” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．The study of beauty and taste. B．The study of history and society. C．The study of colors and shapes. D．The study of nature and elements. 2．How does the writer talk about secondary colours in the passage? A．By telling a story of how secondary colors were invented. B．By explaining what they are and giving examples. C．By comparing them with Western secondary colors. D．By listing problems of using secondary colors. 3．According to the passage, why did blue and white porcelain become a global symbol of Chinese culture? A．Because it was only used by Chinese emperors. B．Because making it is very simple. C．Because it has special Eastern beauty and was spread widely. D．Because it uses all five traditional primary colors. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of Chinese ink paintings. B．The making of blue and white porcelain. C．The cultural meanings and uses of traditional Chinese colors. D．The differences between Chinese and Western color systems. 【拔高题】 A Imagine standing at the top of an 8-story building and diving off (跳水). That is what these people do. They jump from a 28-meter or 20-meter platform (平台), built on a cliff (悬崖), into the water. They land with only a small splash (水花). It is a crazy sport called cliff diving and is held at some of the most beautiful places around the world. The 2016 tour, supported by energy drink Red Bull, went to countries like the United States, Denmark and Japan. The final round was in the United Arab Emirates (阿联酋). A NASA astronaut experiences about three g-forces (重力加速度) during a shuttle launch (航天飞机发射). But cliff divers can reach speeds of 85km/h and hit the water at five g-forces. High g-forces can cause serious injuries, including losing senses, broken bones and shifting of internal organs (器官移位)! Cliff diving can be very dangerous if things go wrong. Only professional divers should try it. Professionals do lots of diving practice and are very strong and fit. “You just have to be confident in yourself, because if you have a moment in the air where you doubt yourself or you think of something else that you shouldn’t have, then it can be really, really bad,” Australian diver Helena Merten, told ABC news website. She said she tries to “blank everything else out” and “trust her body” before every dive. The Red Bull series has been running since 2009 and visited many different countries. 1．What do we know about cliff diving? A．Divers jump from a platform on a cliff. B．Divers jump from a 28-meter cliff. C．Divers often land with big splashes. D．The sport started in the year of 2016. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Differences between astronauts and cliff divers. B．A professional explanation of g-forces. C．Dangers that divers may meet in cliff diving. D．Skills which professional divers need. 3．What does the underlined phrase “blank everything else out” in the last paragraph mean? A．Try not to think about something. B．Lose interest in something. C．Refuse to do something. D．Think about something again and again. 4．Which are the proper words to describe cliff diving? A．Easy and skillful. B．Worldwide and popular. C．Inspiring and educational. D．Dangerous and challenging. B Altay (阿勒泰), a place in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, has become a famous place for tourists because of a successful TV show named To the Wonder. The show showed the area’s amazing natural beauty, with mountains covered in snow lakes that are very clear, and old villages that are still in good condition. Altay is also a favorite place for skiing during the cold season. People who study tourism say that Altay has always been famous for its beautiful nature, but it was not a popular place to visit before because it took a long time to travel there and the cost of staying in hotels was high. However, the popular TV show has made more people, especially young people, interested in visiting Altay. Even though it can be difficult to travel to Altay, experts think that the area could become a great place for tourists. Altay has different interesting things to see in summer and winter, so it can attract visitors all year. The government of Altay is advised to keep making their area better for tourists by improving their tourism and cultural attractions, as well as making the places for tourists to stay and visit better. It is not the first time that a TV show has made a place more popular for tourists. In the last few years, other places, like Dali in Yunnan Province, have also become popular tourist destinations because of interesting TV dramas. By making tour products that include both natural beauty and cultural activities, Altay can make visiting even better and bring more people to see their special area. *The show “To the Wonder” is a TV show about Altay. *The word “destination” in the text means a place to which sb./sth. is going or being sent. 1．Why wasn’t Altay a well-known tourist destination before the TV show? A．Because it was too cold in winter. B．Because it was unknown to most people. C．Because it didn’t have beautiful nature. D．Because it was far away and expensive to visit. 2．According to the passage, what should Altay do to attract more tourists? A．Improve their transportation. B．Lower the cost of hotels. C．Improve tourism and cultural attractions. D．Make more TV shows. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Dali is more popular than Altay. B．Altay with some tour products can be welcomed by visitors. C．Only TV shows can make a place more famous. D．Tour products about Altay are very expensive now. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．A Popular TV Show Makes Altay Popular. B．A Famous TV Show Altay. C．Making TV Shows in Altay. D．Welcome to Altay. C ①Should we use artificial intelligence (AI，人工智能) in schools? Some people may say no, but many experts think we should use it in a good way. They say AI can help us learn better. ②Zheng Qinghua, president of Tongji University, said it’s important for us to use AI in education. He believed that AI could help us learn new things and get better at what we study. He also suggested that young people should improve their understanding of the knowledge created by technology. ③In fact, AI has already become more and more important for teaching and learning. Zheng stressed the widespread use of different models, such as Ernie Bot, an AI chatbot (聊天机器人) developed by Baidu. It can write papers, solve science problems and do homework. ④Students also used AI for their study. A survey by the online learning platform Study (学习平台) showed that 89 percent of students had used ChatGPT to help them do homework ⑤However, some people worry that it may bring the problem of academic integrity (学术诚信) and bad influence on education. Instead of simply using AI to give answers or finish homework and tests, people should focus on using AI to help students be creative and have the ability of solving real-world problems, said Zheng. ⑥Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, said that as ChatGPT develops fast, stopping AI from being used in schools is not the answer. Instead, we should think about how to use it safely and in the right way. ⑦To achieve it, people around the world are working on rules to make sure AI is used in a good way. Foreigners are making a plan to protect people’s rights with chatbots. China also has some interim measures (临时的措施) for managing AI services. 1．According to the third paragraph, what can Ernie Bot do? A．Only solve science problems. B．Write papers, solve science problems, and do homework. C．Teach students directly in classrooms. D．Replace human teachers completely. 2．How does Zheng Qinghua feel about students using AI to quickly finish homework? A．He fully supports it. B．He is against it. C．He believes students should use AI effectively and focus on creativity. D．He thinks AI should only be used for science homework. 3．In the sentence “To achieve it, people around the world are working on rules...” (Para.7) what does “it” refer to? A．Stopping AI development. B．Making AI replace human teachers. C．Using AI in a safe and proper way. D．Increasing the speed of AI development. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①②/③④/⑤⑥/⑦ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥/⑦ C．①②/③/④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①/②③④/⑤/⑥⑦ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点04 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文重难点分析​ 结合2025年盐城中考英语真题（如亭湖区、盐都区一模说明文）及2026年江苏中考命题趋势，2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文的核心重难点可归纳为以下几类： 1. 结构与逻辑分析：识别复杂逻辑链​ 说明文的核心是“说明”，其结构多为“总-分-总”“问题-解决”“时间/空间顺序”，但2026年可能强化复杂逻辑链的考查（如多步骤说明、隐含因果）。例如，2025年盐都区一模说明文《父母如何让孩子形成“良性愤怒”》采用“现象-原理-方法”的逻辑结构，要求读者理清“愤怒的表达”与“孩子心理健康”之间的隐含因果关系。 具体难点： 区分“并列结构”（如“first, next”）与“递进结构”（如“furthermore, finally”）； 识别“隐含因果”（如“孩子从不发脾气，反而更容易焦虑”需推导因果）； 处理“多步骤说明”（如“垃圾分类的三个步骤”需整合分散信息）。 2. 专业术语与长难句：语境化理解​ 说明文常涉及学科术语（如科技类的“algorithm算法”、环保类的“carbon emission碳排放”、文化类的“intangible cultural heritage非物质文化遗产”），且长难句多为嵌套定语从句、被动语态（如“The new policy, which was introduced last year, aims to reduce carbon emissions by 20%”）。 具体难点： 术语的语境化推测（如“carbon footprint”可通过“travel by plane increases carbon footprint”推测为“碳足迹”）； 长难句的主干提取（如“Despite the challenges, the project, which is funded by the government, has made significant progress”的主干是“The project has made progress”）。 3. 细节定位与干扰项排除：“形似而神不似”的陷阱​ 说明文的细节题多考查数据、步骤、特征、优缺点（如2025年阜宁县一模说明文《火星的基本特征》中的“火星直径比地球小”需定位数据），但干扰项设计愈发精巧，常见陷阱包括： 偷换概念（如将“reduce”改为“eliminate”，将“30%”改为“50%”）； 无中生有（如原文未提及“火星有生命”，选项却出现“Mars has life”）； 逻辑颠倒（如“因为下雨，所以地面湿”被改为“因为地面湿，所以下雨”）。 4. 推理与主旨归纳：区分“事实”与“观点”​ 说明文的推理题要求“文本证据+合理逻辑”（如2025年亭湖区一模说明文《月球上种植植物》需推断“实验的意义”），主旨题则需合并各段主题句（如“本文主要介绍月球种植的可能性”）。 具体难点： 区分“事实”（客观描述，如“月球土壤含有水分”）与“观点”（主观判断，如“月球种植未来可能实现”）； 避免“过度推断”（如原文说“实验成功”，不能推出“月球适合人类居住”）； 归纳“隐含主旨”（如“本文通过实验说明月球种植的可行性”需整合各段信息）。 二、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文解题步骤​ 针对上述重难点，结合2025年盐城中考真题及2026年江苏命题趋势，系统化解题步骤可总结为以下四步： Step 1：通读全文，把握结构与主旨​ 标记段落主题句：主题句多在段首（开门见山）或段尾（总结强调），如2025年盐都区一模说明文《父母如何让孩子形成“良性愤怒”》的首句“Anger is a normal emotion, but how parents handle it affects children's mental health”是全文主旨句。 绘制逻辑图：用符号标注逻辑关系（如“∵”表示因果，“→”表示步骤，“vs”表示对比），例如“问题-解决”结构可标记为“问题→原因→解决方法”。 Step 2：定位细节，关键词匹配​ 关键词定位法：根据题干中的数字、专有名词、术语（如“carbon emission”“algorithm”）回原文定位，例如题干“ What is the main advantage of Solaris compared to traditional cars?”中的“advantage”和“traditional cars”是关键词，需定位到原文“Unlike traditional cars, it emits zero pollution”。 注意限定词：如“main purpose”需关注首尾段，“best describes”需匹配最佳选项（如“本文的主要目的是介绍”而非“说服”）。 Step 3：分析逻辑，推理判断​ 因果推断：若文中提到“due to”“as a result”，需关联前后信息（如“因为温室气体排放增加，所以全球气温上升”）； 观点与事实区分：事实是客观描述（如“火星的直径是6792公里”），观点是主观判断（如“火星是太阳系中最像地球的行星”）； 隐含信息推导：如原文“孩子从不发脾气，反而更容易焦虑”可推导出“压抑愤怒对孩子的心理健康不利”。 Step 4：验证答案，排除干扰​ 同义替换验证：正确选项常对原文进行改写（如“reduce pollution”对应“cut down emissions”，“efficient”对应“save time and energy”）； 排除绝对化选项：如“only”“absolutely”等词多为错误选项（如“Only by reducing carbon emissions can we save the earth”过于绝对，原文可能说“Reducing carbon emissions is one of the ways to save the earth”）； 逻辑一致性检查：答案需与原文逻辑一致（如“火星比地球小”不能推出“火星比地球冷”，需原文有“火星的大气层更薄，所以更冷”的支持）。 三、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文预测分析​ 结合2025年盐城中考真题及2026年江苏中考命题趋势，2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文的命题方向与备考建议如下： 1. 命题趋势预测​ 主题聚焦： 科技类：人工智能应用（如“AI在教育中的作用”）、新能源技术（如“氢能源汽车的优缺点”）； 环保类：碳中和措施（如“绿色校园的实践”）、垃圾分类（如“盐城的垃圾分类政策”）； 文化类：非遗技艺原理（如“蓝印花布的印染工艺”）、传统建筑结构（如“盐城水街的建筑特色”）。 题型创新： 图文结合题：如流程图（如“湿地保护步骤”）、表格（如“不同能源的碳排放量对比”）； 多文本对比题：如两篇关于“线上学习vs线下学习”的说明文，要求比较两者的优缺点； 批判性思维题：如“作者对AI的态度是支持还是反对？请说明理由”（需结合文本内容分析）。 2. 备考建议​ 强化结构化训练：每日练习1篇说明文，用思维导图梳理文章框架（如“问题-解决”结构），例如2025年扬州中考说明文《垃圾分类指南》的框架是“为什么要垃圾分类→如何分类→分类的好处”； 积累高频主题词汇： 科技类：innovation（创新）、sustainable（可持续的）、automated（自动化的）； 环保类：recyclable（可回收的）、emission（排放）、ecosystem（生态系统）； 文化类：heritage（遗产）、craftsmanship（工艺）、traditional technique（传统技艺）； 精析长难句：每日拆解1-2句说明文长难句，标注主干与修饰成分（如“定语从句”“同位语”），例如“The project, which is funded by the government, aims to protect the wetland ecosystem”的主干是“The project aims to protect the wetland ecosystem”； 真题研究：分析近3年盐城中考说明文（如2023年“盐城湿地保护”、2024年“新能源汽车”），总结命题规律（如细节题占比60%，推理题占比20%）。 四、2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文易错点提醒​ 避免过度解读：说明文答案需严格基于文本，忌主观联想（如“作者可能支持某政策”若无依据则错误）； 警惕“偷换概念”：干扰项可能替换原文关键词（如将“renewable”改为“non-renewable”，将“reduce”改为“eliminate”）； 注意单位与数据：如“increase by 20%”（增加了20%）与“increase to 20%”（增加到20%）含义不同； 区分“主旨”与“细节”：主旨题需覆盖全文，细节题需定位具体信息（如“本文的主旨是介绍火星的特征”而非“火星的直径是多少”）。 结语​ 2026年盐城中考英语阅读理解之说明文的核心是“考查综合语言运用能力”，即“读懂文本+分析逻辑+解决问题的能力”。考生需通过结构化训练（如思维导图）、高频词汇积累（如科技、环保类术语）、长难句拆解（如提取主干）等方法，突破重难点，提高解题准确率。同时，需关注2026年江苏中考的命题趋势（如图文结合、多文本对比），提前做好准备，确保在考试中取得好成绩。 【基础题】 A For the people of Dahuangba village in Yunnan, wild Asian elephants were once a big problem. Living near the forest where elephants are, villagers often saw their crops (庄稼) eaten by these large animals. Some even faced scary moments, like being trapped in cars as elephants shook them. While it might be fun for the elephants, it was frightening for the locals. Because of this, many villagers used to dislike the elephants. However, things are now changing. New technologies, such as early warning apps that track the elephants, and a special team paying attention to their movements, are helping. Signs are also placed on roads to warn people when elephants are nearby. These signs tell people to stay away, not pass, not take photos, and never try to scare the elephants. Villager Tao Daqiang said the elephants often come to the farmland, especially during fall, because they know where the best food is. This problem is made worse because the village is close to the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve (保护区), a large forest and one of the elephants’ main homes. Tao explained that almost everyone in the village has encountered (遇见) the elephants at some point. He believes the best way to live peacefully with them is for people and elephants to avoid each other as much as possible. After all, no encounter with a wild elephant is ever easy. 1．Why were wild Asian elephants once a big problem for people of Dahuangba? A．They broke cars in the forest. B．They were not fun to play with. C．They lived in people’s houses. D．They ate crops and scared villagers. 2．What do villagers do to change the situation? ①take photos              ②put up signs ③start a special team        ④use early warning apps A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 3．In which season do the elephants often visit the farmland? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter. 4．What does Tao think is the best way for elephants and people to live peacefully? A．Avoiding seeing each other. B．Putting the elephants in the zoo. C．People moving the village away. D．Bringing enough food to elephants. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】人与动植物、说明文 【导语】本文主要讲述了云南大黄坝村村民与野生亚洲象之间的问题以及应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“Living near the forest where elephants are, villagers often saw their crops (庄稼) eaten by these large animals. Some even faced scary moments, like being trapped in cars as elephants shook them.”可知，野生亚洲象曾经是大黄坝村村民的一大问题是因为它们吃庄稼并且吓唬村民。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“New technologies, such as early warning apps that track the elephants, and a special team paying attention to their movements, are helping. Signs are also placed on roads to warn people when elephants are nearby.”可知，村民们为了改变这种情况采取了使用预警应用程序、成立特别小组以及张贴标志等措施，没有提到拍照。所以正确选项是②③④。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Villager Tao Daqiang said the elephants often come to the farmland, especially during fall, because they know where the best food is.”可知，大象经常在秋天去农田。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“He believes the best way to live peacefully with them is for people and elephants to avoid each other as much as possible.”可知，陶达强觉得人们和野生亚洲象和平共处的最佳方式就是双方尽可能地避免碰面，也就是避免见到彼此。故选A。 B You probably see a lot of things made of plastic, like bottles and bags. What happens when the plastic is thrown away? Scientists say that much of it reaches the oceans in the end, and causes problems for ocean creatures (生物), like fish and seabirds. “Plastic makes ocean creatures in danger. Some of them die when they are caught in pieces of plastic, and others eat the plastic and die, too.” says Allison Schutes of the Ocean Conservancy, a group that protects oceans. A recent study shows that lots of plastic reaches the oceans each minute. Scientists predict (预言) that by the year 2050, our oceans will have more plastic than fish. Most scientists say taking out all the plastic that is already in the oceans is impossible. Instead, they say the best way is to stop more plastic from reaching the oceans. Many groups are taking action. They pick up litter before it reaches the oceans. For example, volunteers from the Ocean Conservancy collected more than 16 million pounds of litter last year. Experts also encourage people to use less plastic. Many cities and towns in some countries have stopped using plastic bags. Experts also suggest that people should use more reusable bottles and bags. “These seem like small things,” says Schutes, “but they can help to make a big difference.” 1．How many things made of plastic are mentioned in this passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．What is predicted about oceans by 2050? A．No fish. B．More plastic than fish. C．No plastic. D．More fish than plastic. 3．What are people doing to protect the oceans now? A．Take out all ocean plastic. B．Collect litter before it reaches oceans. C．Don’t use plastic. D．Use more bottles and bags. 4．Which is true about the plastic? A．It keeps reaching the oceans. B．It does no harm to ocean creatures. C．All of it can be taken out of oceans. D．It’s easy to solve plastic pollution. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】环境污染、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了塑料垃圾进入海洋对海洋生物的危害，以及2050年海洋塑料可能超过鱼类的预测，同时讲述了人们为减少海洋塑料污染采取的行动。 1．细节理解题。根据“You probably see a lot of things made of plastic, like bottles and bags”可知，文中提到了瓶子和袋子这2种塑料制品。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Scientists predict that by the year 2050, our oceans will have more plastic than fish”可知，2050年海洋中的塑料可能会比鱼多。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They pick up litter before it reaches the oceans”可知，人们现在会在垃圾进入海洋前收集垃圾来保护海洋。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“much of it reaches the oceans in the end”可知，塑料持续进入海洋，A项表述正确。故选A。 C What has pushed the performance of modern athletes to a new height? One of the key driving forces may lie in modern technology. The athletes use modern equipment (装备) to help them run faster, jump higher and win more nowadays. Runners wear high-tech shoes to go faster. These shoes are made of special materials to lighten the weight and provide better support. High-tech is helping bicyclists, too. They ride bikes made from lightweight materials like carbon fiber (碳纤维). These bikes are built to reduce wind resistance and help them ride faster and more smoothly. A small change in design can make a huge difference. What’s the future of smart sports equipment? A recent development is smart clothing. It uses sensors (传感器) to help to tell athletes what is going on in their bodies. These sensors are also able to tell how much energy they are using. One product in development is a wearable sensor. It tells runners when and how much they need to drink. Modern technology also improves training. Coaches use computers, apps, and smart tools to help their athletes learn better skills. For example, some coaches use video analysis tools to study and improve their athletes’ movements. Virtual reality (VR) has also become part of the training. It allows athletes to feel like they are competing in real matches, helping them prepare for possible challenges. With technology, athletes can improve their performance and achieve amazing results. However, technology will never take the place of talent or hard work. The mix of hard work, talent, and smart tools helps athletes reach their best level. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By making comparisons. 2．What are the sensors used to do in smart clothing? A．Help athletes know their body condition. B．Make athletes use less energy in sports. C．Provide athletes all kinds of drinks they want. D．Tell athletes when to put on smart clothing. 3．Why do athletes use virtual reality (VR) in training? A．To experience real-match feelings. B．To change weight and offer better support. C．To tell how much energy they are using. D．To improve their body movements easily. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Modern athletes are more talented than those in the past. B．Smart clothing will soon replace all other sports equipment. C．Coaches are the most important for athletes in their training. D．Technology helps improve athletes’ performance in many ways. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代科技如何从多个方面提升运动员的表现，包括高科技装备、智能服装以及现代训练方法等，同时强调了科技虽重要，但无法替代天赋和努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“What has pushed the performance of modern athletes to a new height? One of the key driving forces may lie in modern technology.”可知，作者通过提出问题“是什么将现代运动员的表现推向新的高度？”来引出文章主题，即现代科技对运动员表现的影响。因此，作者是通过提问的方式开始这篇文章的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It uses sensors to help to tell athletes what is going on in their bodies. These sensors are also able to tell how much energy they are using.”可知，智能服装中的传感器用于帮助运动员了解他们的身体状况，包括他们正在使用多少能量。因此，传感器的主要作用是帮助运动员了解他们的身体状况。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Virtual reality (VR) has also become part of the training. It allows athletes to feel like they are competing in real matches, helping them prepare for possible challenges.”可知，运动员在训练中使用虚拟现实（VR）是为了体验真实比赛的感觉。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“One of the key driving forces may lie in modern technology. The athletes use modern equipment to help them run faster, jump higher and win more nowadays.”以及“With technology, athletes can improve their performance and achieve amazing results.”可知，文章主要介绍了现代科技如何从多个方面提升运动员的表现，包括高科技装备、智能服装以及现代训练方法等。因此，文章的主旨大意是科技在许多方面帮助提高运动员的表现。故选D。 【提升题】 A ①If you share a photo on Weibo, others will know you are in Chongqing. Chinese social media platforms now show their users’ locations. All this information is based on our IP addresses. So, what exactly is an IP address? Can others exactly locate us through our IP addresses? ②You may compare your IP address to your home address. Your friends can find your home with your home address. Similarly, with your IP address, other devices (设备) can “find” your device. Without your IP address, Bilibili wouldn’t know where to send that cute cat video you just clicked (点击) on. But your IP address doesn’t directly give away your name, phone number or home address. It only shows your general location. ③ ▲ Everything you do online is being watched, whether by social media platforms or your browser (浏览器). This data is often linked to your IP address. It is stored on servers (服务器) across the world. But some bad guys can know your online activities just by having your IP address even if you use a password to lock your device. ④Cybercriminals (网络罪犯) can steal your information by hacking into certain servers. Companies’ servers get hacked every day, so the chance of this happening is never zero. ⑤Skilled hackers can also reach your device if they know your IP address. This is especially true if you are connected to public Wi-Fi networks. The hackers can then install malware (恶意软件) on your devices. These malware can steal your information without you knowing about it. ⑥If you are worried about what will happen if someone gets your IP address, you may consider changing your online habits. For example, do not share any personal information on social media. Regularly (定期地) changing your IP address can also make it harder for anyone to steal your information. You can do so by turning off your router (路由器) for a minute and turning it on again. 1．Why does the writer mention sharing a photo on Weibo in Paragraph 1? A．To explain how to use Weibo. B．To show the popularity of Weibo. C．To warn readers not to share photos online. D．To lead into the topic of IP addresses. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．IP addresses can show your exact home address. B．IP addresses help devices communicate with each other. C．People can get your phone number directly with your IP address. D．A stranger can know your name quickly from your IP address. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．And it’s easy to hide your IP address. B．But this can make your life happier. C．However, plenty of risks are still there. D．So people like sharing their daily life online. 4．According to the last paragraph, what can we do to protect our IP addresses? ① Use a password to lock the device. ② Turn off the router for a minute and then restart it. ③ Share less personal information on social media. ④ Change the IP address once a week. A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④ 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】信息安全、说明文、信息技术 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍关于IP地址的概念、作用、安全隐患和应用建议。 1．推理判断题。作者在第一段开头提到在微博分享照片会显示位置，自然地引出“这些信息基于IP地址”，提出“So, what exactly is an IP address? Can others exactly locate us through our IP addresses?”导入关于IP地址的科普主题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。第二段的核心是将IP地址类比为家庭地址，通过“Similarly, with your IP address, other devices (设备) can “find” your device.”解释了它的基本功能是让其他设备能够“找到”你的设备，从而实现数据传输。选项B“IP地址帮助设备彼此通信”与此呼应。故选B。 3．推理判断题。空格位于第三段段首，承上启下。第二段说明了IP地址的基础作用，空格后则详细论述了在线活动被监控、数据与IP关联、以及坏人可能利用IP地址获取活动记录等风险。此处表示转折，引出IP地址带来的“风险”，C选项“然而，仍然存在大量风险”最符合逻辑。故选C。 4．细节理解题。最后一段提出了保护IP地址的措施。作者提出“do not share any personal information on social media”（不要在社交媒体分享个人信息）和“ turning off your router (路由器) for a minute and turning it on again”（关闭路由器一分钟再重启来定期更换IP地址），对应②和③。故选C。 B When it comes to personal change, most people focus on behavior, such as exercising more, eating healthier, and setting bigger goals. But real change can also begin with the way you talk to yourself—the inner dialogue that quietly but powerfully shapes your self-concept (自我概念). Psychologists (心理学家) describe self-concept as the set of beliefs that a person holds about who they are. These beliefs act like an inner blueprint that guides your feelings, choices, and behavior. Your self-concept is not fixed. It is malleable, especially when you become aware of the influences that shape it. And one of the biggest influences is the inner dialogue. Your inner dialogue, or self-talk, is like the narrator (叙述者) of your personal story. Each time you think “I can’t do this,” you add to that story, and over time, these repeated messages can feel like a natural part of your self-concept. More importantly, this inner story directly shapes your actions and results. For example, a boy keeps telling himself “I’m not good at public speaking.” This makes him avoid speaking up or feel very nervous during presentations. He then sees any difficulty as a sign that his belief is true. His inner story holds him back, even though he wishes to change. If you want to change your self-concept, you must start by changing your inner story on purpose. This doesn’t mean mindlessly repeating positive statements you don’t believe. It means carefully creating a more encouraging, truthful story about who you are—and who you are becoming. Here are some ways to start changing your inner dialogue. ·Pay close attention to the repeated statements you make about yourself. Are they empowering or limiting? What you say repeatedly becomes part of your self-concept. ·Be mindful of the statements that follow “I am” and “I can.” These phrases shape how you view yourself and what you believe is possible. Choose language that supports who you want to become. ·Create simple, believable statements that paint a picture of who you want to become. For example, turn “I am terrible with people” into “I am learning to connect with others.” Then, look for real facts—from present or past experiences—that support your new story. Changing your self-concept isn’t about acting like someone you’re not. It’s about recognizing that you already have the power to be more than the old stories you’ve been telling yourself. Start with your inner dialogue. That’s where real change begins. 1．What does the word “malleable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Able to change. B．Hard to explain. C．Quick to form. D．Free to explore. 2．Why does the writer use the example of a boy in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce what inner dialogue is. B．To show the effects of inner dialogue. C．To explain the reason for avoiding challenges. D．To give advice on expressing a personal story. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Daily actions shape self-concept the most. B．Self-concept changes naturally on its own over time. C．Inner dialogue can be shaped without considering the past. D．Self-concept change starts with purposeful inner dialogue. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To prove that positive self-talk leads to success. B．To discuss influential words in building self-concept. C．To encourage personal change through positive self-talk. D．To compare the influence of self-concept with that of self-talk. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】方法/策略、说明文 【导语】本文是说明文。围绕自我概念展开，说明其并非固定，可通过刻意改变内心对话来转变，强调内在对话对自我改变的关键作用。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Your self-concept is not fixed. It is malleable...”可知，你的自我概念不是固定的，它是malleable。由此可知，malleable在这里意为“可改变的”，和前文的“not fixed”对应。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“More importantly, this inner story directly shapes your actions and results. For example, a boy...”可知，用男孩的例子来具体展示内在对话如何影响行为和结果，所以这个例子是为了展示内在对话的影响。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段首句“If you want to change your self-concept, you must start by changing your inner story on purpose.”可知，如果你想改变自我概念，你就必须开始有意识地去改变内心想法。由此可推出作者可能同意“自我概念的改变始于有意识的内心对话。”故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头提出真正的改变可以从内在对话开始，中间介绍了内在对话的影响，最后给出改变内在对话的方法，整体目的是鼓励人们通过积极的自我对话来实现个人改变。故选C。 C Traditional Chinese colors play a key role in Chinese aesthetics. However, they are more than just beautiful shades—they have deep cultural meanings. These colors are not chosen randomly (随机). Instead, they are closely connected to history, nature, and social values. Let’s explore how these colors are used and what they stand for. In ancient China, there were five primary colors: cyan (青色), red, yellow, white, and black. Unlike the modern Western primary color system, these colors were linked to Wu Xing (the Five Elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, water. They also stood for directions and seasons. This connection made them more than just pretty colors. Yellow stood for the earth and the center. It became the color of the emperor. In the Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties, only the royal family could wear bright yellow. The emperor’s clothes and palace roofs (like those of the Forbidden City) were yellow, showing the highest power. Red means fire, the south, and summer. It stands for joy and good luck. During the Chinese New Year, people hang red lanterns and give red packets. At weddings, people wear red and use red decorations to keep away bad luck and celebrate new starts. Even today, red is still the top choice for important and happy events. By mixing the five primary colors, people made secondary colors. For example, green comes from cyan and yellow. It means life and nature. In Chinese gardens, green plants and ponds create a peaceful feeling. Pink, from red and white, means grace. It was often used in women’s clothes. In art, colors are used to express feelings. Ink paintings use black and white in light to dark shades to show mountains, rivers, and feelings. Blue and white porcelain (青花瓷) has a blue design on a white base (基底). It looks clear and elegant. It became famous around the world through the Silk Road. The contrast (对比) between dark blue and bright white creates a clean and timeless beauty with special Eastern magic. It was once popular along the Silk Road, making it a global symbol of Chinese culture. 1．What does the underlined word “aesthetics” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．The study of beauty and taste. B．The study of history and society. C．The study of colors and shapes. D．The study of nature and elements. 2．How does the writer talk about secondary colours in the passage? A．By telling a story of how secondary colors were invented. B．By explaining what they are and giving examples. C．By comparing them with Western secondary colors. D．By listing problems of using secondary colors. 3．According to the passage, why did blue and white porcelain become a global symbol of Chinese culture? A．Because it was only used by Chinese emperors. B．Because making it is very simple. C．Because it has special Eastern beauty and was spread widely. D．Because it uses all five traditional primary colors. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of Chinese ink paintings. B．The making of blue and white porcelain. C．The cultural meanings and uses of traditional Chinese colors. D．The differences between Chinese and Western color systems. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】中华文化、说明文、颜色 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统色彩在中国美学中的重要作用，以及它们所承载的深厚文化内涵。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Traditional Chinese colors play a key role in Chinese aesthetics. However, they are more than just beautiful shades—they have deep cultural meanings.”可知，中国传统色彩在中国美学中扮演着关键角色，且它们不仅仅是美丽的色调，还具有深厚的文化意义。由此可推测，“aesthetics”指的是与美和品味相关的研究。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“By mixing the five primary colors, people made secondary colors. For example, green comes from cyan and yellow. It means life and nature. In Chinese gardens, green plants and ponds create a peaceful feeling. Pink, from red and white, means grace. It was often used in women’s clothes.”可知，作者通过解释什么是次要色彩，并举例说明绿色和粉色的来源及意义来谈论次要色彩。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Blue and white porcelain (青花瓷) has a blue design on a white base. It looks clear and elegant. It became famous around the world through the Silk Road. The contrast between dark blue and bright white creates a clean and timeless beauty with special Eastern magic. It was once popular along the Silk Road, making it a global symbol of Chinese culture.”可知，青花瓷通过丝绸之路闻名世界，深蓝色和亮白色的对比创造出一种干净而永恒的美，具有特殊的东方魅力，因此它成为了中国文化的全球象征。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Traditional Chinese colors play a key role in Chinese aesthetics. However, they are more than just beautiful shades—they have deep cultural meanings.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国传统色彩的文化意义和用途。故选C。 【拔高题】 A Imagine standing at the top of an 8-story building and diving off (跳水). That is what these people do. They jump from a 28-meter or 20-meter platform (平台), built on a cliff (悬崖), into the water. They land with only a small splash (水花). It is a crazy sport called cliff diving and is held at some of the most beautiful places around the world. The 2016 tour, supported by energy drink Red Bull, went to countries like the United States, Denmark and Japan. The final round was in the United Arab Emirates (阿联酋). A NASA astronaut experiences about three g-forces (重力加速度) during a shuttle launch (航天飞机发射). But cliff divers can reach speeds of 85km/h and hit the water at five g-forces. High g-forces can cause serious injuries, including losing senses, broken bones and shifting of internal organs (器官移位)! Cliff diving can be very dangerous if things go wrong. Only professional divers should try it. Professionals do lots of diving practice and are very strong and fit. “You just have to be confident in yourself, because if you have a moment in the air where you doubt yourself or you think of something else that you shouldn’t have, then it can be really, really bad,” Australian diver Helena Merten, told ABC news website. She said she tries to “blank everything else out” and “trust her body” before every dive. The Red Bull series has been running since 2009 and visited many different countries. 1．What do we know about cliff diving? A．Divers jump from a platform on a cliff. B．Divers jump from a 28-meter cliff. C．Divers often land with big splashes. D．The sport started in the year of 2016. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Differences between astronauts and cliff divers. B．A professional explanation of g-forces. C．Dangers that divers may meet in cliff diving. D．Skills which professional divers need. 3．What does the underlined phrase “blank everything else out” in the last paragraph mean? A．Try not to think about something. B．Lose interest in something. C．Refuse to do something. D．Think about something again and again. 4．Which are the proper words to describe cliff diving? A．Easy and skillful. B．Worldwide and popular. C．Inspiring and educational. D．Dangerous and challenging. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了介绍悬崖跳水这项极限运动的高风险性和专业性，并通过对比航天员经历的重力加速度、运动员访谈及赛事数据，强调其危险性。 1．细节理解题。根据“They jump from a 28-meter or 20-meter platform (平台), built on a cliff (悬崖), into the water.”可知，潜水者从建在悬崖上的平台跳下。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据“A NASA astronaut experiences about three g-forces (重力加速度) during a shuttle launch (航天飞机发射). But cliff divers can reach speeds of 85km/h and hit the water at five g-forces. High g-forces can cause serious injuries, including losing senses, broken bones and shifting of internal organs (器官移位)!”可知，第四段主要讲了潜水者在悬崖跳水时可能遇到的危险。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“You just have to be confident in yourself, because if you have a moment in the air where you doubt yourself or you think of something else that you shouldn’t have, then it can be really, really bad,” 以及“and “trust her body” before every dive.”可知，此处说的是在跳水前要对自己有信心，不去想别的不该想的事情，所以blank everything else out意思是“尽量不去想某些事情”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Cliff diving can be very dangerous if things go wrong. Only professional divers should try it.”以及“You just have to be confident in yourself, because if you have a moment in the air where you doubt yourself or you think of something else that you shouldn’t have, then it can be really, really bad”可知，悬崖跳水是危险且具有挑战性的。故选D。 B Altay (阿勒泰), a place in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, has become a famous place for tourists because of a successful TV show named To the Wonder. The show showed the area’s amazing natural beauty, with mountains covered in snow lakes that are very clear, and old villages that are still in good condition. Altay is also a favorite place for skiing during the cold season. People who study tourism say that Altay has always been famous for its beautiful nature, but it was not a popular place to visit before because it took a long time to travel there and the cost of staying in hotels was high. However, the popular TV show has made more people, especially young people, interested in visiting Altay. Even though it can be difficult to travel to Altay, experts think that the area could become a great place for tourists. Altay has different interesting things to see in summer and winter, so it can attract visitors all year. The government of Altay is advised to keep making their area better for tourists by improving their tourism and cultural attractions, as well as making the places for tourists to stay and visit better. It is not the first time that a TV show has made a place more popular for tourists. In the last few years, other places, like Dali in Yunnan Province, have also become popular tourist destinations because of interesting TV dramas. By making tour products that include both natural beauty and cultural activities, Altay can make visiting even better and bring more people to see their special area. *The show “To the Wonder” is a TV show about Altay. *The word “destination” in the text means a place to which sb./sth. is going or being sent. 1．Why wasn’t Altay a well-known tourist destination before the TV show? A．Because it was too cold in winter. B．Because it was unknown to most people. C．Because it didn’t have beautiful nature. D．Because it was far away and expensive to visit. 2．According to the passage, what should Altay do to attract more tourists? A．Improve their transportation. B．Lower the cost of hotels. C．Improve tourism and cultural attractions. D．Make more TV shows. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Dali is more popular than Altay. B．Altay with some tour products can be welcomed by visitors. C．Only TV shows can make a place more famous. D．Tour products about Altay are very expensive now. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．A Popular TV Show Makes Altay Popular. B．A Famous TV Show Altay. C．Making TV Shows in Altay. D．Welcome to Altay. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】城市、说明文 【导语】本文主要讲述了阿勒泰因电视节目《我的阿勒泰》成为热门旅游地，分析其此前不为人知的原因、发展旅游的潜力及改进建议，并提及其他地区因影视作品带动旅游的案例。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“it was not a popular place to visit before because it took a long time to travel there and the cost of staying in hotels was high”可知，此前阿勒泰因路途遥远和住宿费用高而不热门。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“the government of Altay is advised to keep making their area better for tourists by improving their tourism and cultural attractions”可知，建议阿勒泰改善旅游和文化景点以吸引游客。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By making tour products that include both natural beauty and cultural activities, Altay can…bring more people”可知，结合自然与文化活动的旅游产品能让阿勒泰更受欢迎。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕电视节目《我的阿勒泰》带动阿勒泰旅游展开，介绍其从冷门到热门的转变及发展策略。故选A。 C ①Should we use artificial intelligence (AI，人工智能) in schools? Some people may say no, but many experts think we should use it in a good way. They say AI can help us learn better. ②Zheng Qinghua, president of Tongji University, said it’s important for us to use AI in education. He believed that AI could help us learn new things and get better at what we study. He also suggested that young people should improve their understanding of the knowledge created by technology. ③In fact, AI has already become more and more important for teaching and learning. Zheng stressed the widespread use of different models, such as Ernie Bot, an AI chatbot (聊天机器人) developed by Baidu. It can write papers, solve science problems and do homework. ④Students also used AI for their study. A survey by the online learning platform Study (学习平台) showed that 89 percent of students had used ChatGPT to help them do homework ⑤However, some people worry that it may bring the problem of academic integrity (学术诚信) and bad influence on education. Instead of simply using AI to give answers or finish homework and tests, people should focus on using AI to help students be creative and have the ability of solving real-world problems, said Zheng. ⑥Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, said that as ChatGPT develops fast, stopping AI from being used in schools is not the answer. Instead, we should think about how to use it safely and in the right way. ⑦To achieve it, people around the world are working on rules to make sure AI is used in a good way. Foreigners are making a plan to protect people’s rights with chatbots. China also has some interim measures (临时的措施) for managing AI services. 1．According to the third paragraph, what can Ernie Bot do? A．Only solve science problems. B．Write papers, solve science problems, and do homework. C．Teach students directly in classrooms. D．Replace human teachers completely. 2．How does Zheng Qinghua feel about students using AI to quickly finish homework? A．He fully supports it. B．He is against it. C．He believes students should use AI effectively and focus on creativity. D．He thinks AI should only be used for science homework. 3．In the sentence “To achieve it, people around the world are working on rules...” (Para.7) what does “it” refer to? A．Stopping AI development. B．Making AI replace human teachers. C．Using AI in a safe and proper way. D．Increasing the speed of AI development. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①②/③④/⑤⑥/⑦ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥/⑦ C．①②/③/④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①/②③④/⑤/⑥⑦ 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】发明与创造、科学技术、教育、说明文、意见/建议 【导语】本文主要讲述了在学校使用AI的好处和坏处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Zheng stressed the widespread use of different models, such as Ernie Bot, an AI chatbot developed by Baidu. It can write papers. solve science problems and do homework.”可知，Ernie Bot可以写论文、解决科学问题和做作业。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Instead of simply using AI to give answers or finish homework and tests, people should focus on using AI to help students be creative and have the ability of solving real-world problems, said Zheng.”可知，郑庆华认为不应该单纯用人工智能来给出答案或完成作业和测试，而应该利用人工智能帮助学生培养创造力和解决实际问题的能力，即他反对学生单纯用人工智能快速完成作业，希望学生能有效利用人工智能并注重创造力。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Instead, we should think about how to use it safely and in the right way.”可知，这里it指代的是前文提到的安全且正确地使用人工智能。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据全文可知，第一段提出问题（是否应使用AI）；第二、三、四段分别从专家观点、AI应用、学生使用三个维度展开；第五、六段讨论AI带来的问题及应对建议；第七段总结全球努力规范AI使用。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $