焦点 05 阅读理解之说明文 -备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏无锡）

焦点05 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读核心结论​ 2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读作为笔试部分的“能力区分器”，延续“素养导向、语境化、综合能力”的命题方向，重点考查信息提取精准度、逻辑推理深度、文化意识融合及语言转换灵活性。其核心变化在于：弱化孤立词汇/语法记忆，强化“文本-语境-思维”的综合运用，融入无锡地域文化元素（如太湖、鼋头渚、灵山大佛、惠山泥人）及时代热点（如环保、科技、心理健康），同时注重高阶思维（如批判性思维、创新思维）的考查。 结合无锡市2026年考试方案及近年命题趋势，说明文阅读的分值占比约15%-20%（参考2025年真题），题型仍以“四选一”为主，但多模态文本（如图表、示意图、数据表）的比重提升，跨学科融合（如地理、科技、文化）的文本将成为高频考点；文章体裁以科普说明文（如环保、科技）、文化说明文（如无锡本土文化）为主，话题更贴近学生生活（如校园成长、社区活动）与社会现实（如低碳生活、AI伦理）。 二、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读重难点分析​ 无锡中考说明文阅读的重难点主要集中在“信息定位的准确性”、“逻辑推理的合理性”及“文化语境的融合性”三大维度，具体可分为以下几类： （一）信息提取类难点：精准定位与同义转换​ 信息提取是说明文阅读的基础，2026年的考查更强调“在海量信息中快速定位关键细节”，并识别原文与选项的同义转换（如“gotoschool”→“attendschool”、“important”→“vital”）。主要难点包括： 数字/时间细节：如“2025年无锡中考英语听力口语考试时间为4月25-26日”，选项可能将“2025年”改为“2026年”（时间错位），或“4月25-26日”改为“4月28-29日”（混淆听力与音乐美术考试时间）。 地点/人物细节：如“鼋头渚位于无锡市区西南”，选项可能将“西南”改为“东北”（地点错位），或“鼋头渚”改为“灵山大佛”（混淆本土景点）。 因果/目的细节：如“无锡市中考改革旨在减轻学生负担”，选项可能将“减轻负担”改为“提高分数”（因果倒置），或“中考改革”改为“高考改革”（主体混淆）。 （二）逻辑推理类难点：隐含信息与逻辑推导​ 逻辑推理是说明文阅读的高阶能力，2026年的考查更强调“立足文本，合理推导隐含信息”，避免“主观臆断”或“过度推导”。主要难点包括： 隐含态度/意图：如文本提到“无锡市2026年中考仍执行总分800分方案，但不再组织初二年级地生中考”，需推导“政策调整的出发点是减轻学生负担”，而非“降低考试难度”。 事件后续/结果：如文本提到“某学生因沉迷游戏导致成绩下降”，需推导“他可能会寻求老师帮助”，而非“他一定会放弃学业”（过度推导）。 逻辑关系判断：如文本提到“虽然无锡市中考改革减少了考试科目，但外语分值增加”，需判断“改革兼顾减负与基础学科考查”，而非“改革只注重外语”（逻辑片面）。 （三）文化语境类难点：本土元素与跨文化理解​ 文化语境是2026年中考的新增重点，说明文阅读可能融入无锡地域文化（如太湖、鼋头渚、灵山大佛、惠山泥人）或国际文化（如“一带一路”、跨文化交际），考查其英文表达与语境应用。主要难点包括： 本土文化词汇：如“太湖”译为“Taihu Lake”、“鼋头渚”译为“Yuantouzhu Scenic Spot”、“灵山大佛”译为“Lingshan Giant Buddha”、“惠山泥人”译为“Huishan Clay Figurine”，需掌握其准确翻译及语境应用。 文化内涵理解：如“无锡人早餐喜欢吃小笼包”，需理解“小笼包”是“无锡特色美食”，而非仅知道“食物名称”；如“太湖生态保护”，需理解“太湖是无锡的母亲湖”，而非仅知道“湖泊名称”。 跨文化对比：如“中西方节日差异”（春节vs.圣诞节），需理解“春节注重家庭团聚”、“圣诞节注重礼物交换”，而非“哪个节日更好”（文化偏见）。 （四）多模态文本类难点：图文结合与信息整合​ 多模态文本（如图表、示意图、数据表）是2026年的新增难点，需结合文字与图像信息进行综合理解。主要难点包括： 图表数据转换：如“学生课外阅读时间统计图”需描述数据分布（如“60%的学生喜欢阅读”）并分析原因（如“阅读能增长知识”）。 图文信息匹配：如“旅游指南中的地图”需匹配“鼋头渚位于无锡市区西南”，“环保宣传海报”需结合“垃圾分类”的文字与图标信息。 三、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读解题步骤​ 针对说明文阅读的“素养导向、语境化”特点，需采用“先题后文、边读边标、比对验证”的解题策略，具体步骤如下： （一）第一步：先题后文，标记关键词​ 浏览题干：快速浏览题目（不看选项），标记关键词（如人名、地名、数字、动词短语），如“2026年无锡中考总分”、“无锡市中考改革时间”、“鼋头渚位置”。 预测文本：根据关键词预测文本内容，如“2026年无锡中考总分”可能涉及“考试方案”文本，“鼋头渚位置”可能涉及“本土文化”文本。 （二）第二步：边读边标，定位关键句​ 快速阅读：带着问题读文本，用铅笔标记关键句（如细节题的定位句、主旨句、逻辑转折句），如“2026年中考总分为800分”、“鼋头渚位于无锡市区西南”。 识别逻辑：标记逻辑词（如but/however/therefore），如“虽然无锡市中考改革减少了考试科目，但外语分值增加”，需重点理解“但”后的内容。 （三）第三步：比对选项，验证答案​ 同义转换：将选项与原文关键句逐词比对，关注“同义替换”（如“gotoschool”→“attendschool”）、“归纳概括”（如“每天跑步+每周游泳”→“热爱运动”）。 排除干扰：警惕“偷换概念”（如“苹果”→“水果”，范围扩大）、“无中生有”（原文未提的细节）、“时间/数量错位”（如“2025年”→“2026年”）。 四、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读预测分析​ 结合政策导向（《义务教育英语课程标准》）、命题趋势（全国中考英语改革）及无锡本地特色，2026年无锡中考说明文阅读将呈现以下趋势： （一）命题趋势：素养导向与本土融合​ 核心素养深化：更注重语言能力（如信息提取、词汇应用）、思维品质（如逻辑推理、批判性思维）、文化意识（如本土文化元素的融入）、学习能力（如自主阅读策略）的考查。 本土文化渗透：可能增加无锡地域文化的文本（如“太湖的生态”、“鼋头渚的历史”、“灵山大佛的文化”、“惠山泥人的传承”），考查其英文表达与语境应用。 时代热点关联：话题可能涉及环保（如“低碳生活”、“垃圾分类”）、科技（如“AI对教育的影响”、“机器人的应用”）、心理健康（如“中学生压力管理”、“如何保持积极心态”）等时代主题，考查学生对现实问题的关注与解决能力。 （二）题型预测：多样化与综合化​ “七选五”题型：增加段落衔接的考查，要求结合上下文逻辑（如因果、转折）选择正确选项，如“无锡市中考改革的目的是减轻学生负担，______，因此不再组织初二年级地生中考”，选项可能为“减少考试科目”。 “任务型阅读”题型：增加信息整合的考查，要求结合文本信息完成表格、图表或简答，如“请根据文本填写无锡市中考改革的主要内容”（科目变化、分值变化、考试形式变化）。 “跨学科阅读”题型：增加跨学科融合的考查，如结合地理（太湖的位置）、历史（鼋头渚的历史）、艺术（惠山泥人的唱腔）等学科的文本，考查学生的综合理解能力。 （三）难度预测：基础与能力并重​ 基础题：保持50%占比，聚焦“四会词”（如“invite”、“remember”）、基础语法（如时态、介词）、固定搭配（如“look forward to doing”），考查学生对课本知识的掌握。 能力题：增加“熟词生义”（如“bank”译为“河岸”）、“复杂逻辑”（如“转折+因果”的复合逻辑）的考查，要求学生在语境中灵活运用。 压轴题：设计“开放性阅读题”（如“你认为无锡市应该如何保护太湖生态？”），考查学生的辩证思维与语言表达能力。 五、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读备考建议​ 结合上述分析，备考需聚焦“基础夯实”“能力提升”“文化渗透”三大方向，具体建议如下： （一）基础夯实：筑牢词汇与语法根基​ 词汇积累： 掌握“四会词”（如“invite”、“remember”），重点记忆不规则单词（如“go-went-gone”、“child-children”）、词形转换（如“science-scientific”、“decide-decision”）。 使用“词汇矩阵”（如“动词+介词”、“形容词+名词”）分类记忆，提高词汇的应用能力，如“take”的搭配有“take care of”（照顾）、“take action”（采取行动）、“take part in”（参加）等。 语法巩固： 重点复习基础语法（如时态、介词、冠词），使用“语法手册”（如《初中英语语法大全》）系统梳理规则。 用“思维导图”总结语法点（如“时态”思维导图包括“过去时”“现在时”“将来时”），提高记忆效率。 （二）能力提升：强化阅读与思维训练​ 阅读训练： 多做“真题阅读”（如2025年无锡中考英语真题中的“阅读理解”部分），培养“关键词定位-同义转换-排除干扰”的综合思维。 阅读“本土文化文本”（如《无锡日报》双语版中的“太湖生态”、“鼋头渚历史”等文章），积累本土文化词汇（如“Taihu Lake”、“Yuantouzhu Scenic Spot”），提高文化语境理解能力。 思维训练： 多做“逻辑推理题”（如2025年无锡中考真题中的“推理判断题”），培养“立足文本、合理推导”的思维，避免“主观臆断”。 阅读“议论文”（如《21世纪学生英文报》中的“环保”、“科技”等文章），培养批判性思维（如“AI对教育的影响是积极的还是消极的？”）。 （三）文化渗透：融入本土与国际​ 本土文化： 积累无锡地域词汇（如“Taihu Lake”、“Yuantouzhu Scenic Spot”、“Lingshan Giant Buddha”、“Huishan Clay Figurine”）及传统文化表达（如“paper cutting”、“traditional festival”），阅读相关文章（如《苏州园林的保护》、《南京云锦的传承》），写作中尝试融入。 国际视野： 阅读“China Daily青少年版”或“双减”等政策相关英文报道，了解国际热点（如“全球气候变化”、“AI发展”），培养“中外文化对比”思维（如“春节vs.圣诞节”、“纸质书vs.电子书”）。 （四）应试技巧：优化答题策略​ 时间管理： 考试时，先做容易题（如细节题、信息匹配题），再做难题（如推理判断题、主旨大意题），避免“卡壳”（如某题不会做，先跳过，最后回头思考）。 每篇阅读控制在8-10分钟，避免超时（如某篇阅读用了15分钟，导致后面的题目没时间做）。 答题规范： 用“铅笔”标记关键词（如“2026年”、“鼋头渚”），避免“乱涂乱画”； 写“清晰的正楷”，避免“连笔”或“草书”，提高卷面可读性（如阅卷老师能清楚看到你的答案）。 六、总结​ 2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读将更注重素养考查（语言能力、思维品质、文化意识、学习能力），更贴近生活场景（校园、社区、文化），更强调本土融合（无锡地域文化）。备考需“夯实基础”（词汇、语法）、“提升能力”（阅读、思维）、“渗透文化”（本土与国际），同时掌握“解题技巧”（如先题后文、边读边标、比对验证），才能在考试中取得好成绩。 建议考生从现在开始，制定“分阶段复习计划”（如4-5月夯实基础、6-7月专项提升、8-9月模拟实战），使用“错题本”记录易错点（如“时间错位”、“偷换概念”），定期回顾，提高学习效率。同时，保持“良好心态”（如考试时不慌张，先做熟悉的题目），才能发挥出最佳水平。 【基础题】 A Recently, a Chinese company made a great invention: XBC aesthetic curved solar tiles (XBC美学曲面光伏瓦). The company spent almost five years making it, and it won four big global design awards. It was even on TIME magazine’s list of 2025’s Best Inventions in October 2025. Why did the company make this? Because old solar panels (太阳能板) are flat (扁平的), hard, and often make buildings look ugly. Engineers wanted to use solar power on buildings without affecting their looks, but the key part of solar panels is very thin (thinner than a hair) and breaks easily. Elon Musk talked about an analogous idea in 2016, because he also thought the solar panels could be more beautiful, but no one could make them. However, this Chinese company didn’t give up. After thousands of tests, they succeeded. This new invention has three advantages. First, it looks nice. From far away, it looks like traditional Chinese green roof tiles. Second, it works very well. It turns sunlight into electricity well, even in bad weather or low light. Third, it’s easy to install (安装). You can put it on like common roof tiles. This invention is important for many reasons. For the environment, it turns buildings into clean energy makers. If 10 million families use these tiles, the world will be much greener—It is like planting 180 million trees! For business, it opens a new market, and this Chinese company plans to make it cheap enough for common people by 2030. 1．Why did the Chinese company make XBC aesthetic curved solar tiles? A．Because old solar panels are too expensive. B．Because old solar panels are hard to install. C．Because old solar panels look ugly on buildings. D．Because old solar panels can’t make electricity. 2．What does the underlined word “analogous” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Usual. B．Popular. C．Similar. D．Strange. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The importance of the invention. B．The ways to use the tiles. C．The company’s future plans. D．The reasons why the tiles are cheap. 4．Where is the text most probably from? A．A diary. B．A science magazine. C．A travel guide. D．A cultural website. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】发明与创造、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了中国一家公司研发的XBC美学曲面光伏瓦这一伟大发明，讲述了发明的背景、原因、优势及其重要性。 1．第二段明确指出：“Because old solar panels are flat, hard, and often make buildings look ugly”，直接说明了旧太阳能板影响建筑美观是研发新产品的主要原因。 2．第二段明确指出：“Engineers wanted to use solar power on buildings without affecting their looks, but the key part of solar panels is very thin (thinner than a hair) and breaks easily. Elon Musk talked about an analogous idea in 2016, because he also thought the solar panels could be more beautiful, but no one could make them.”，说明中国公司和马斯克都认为太阳能板可以更美观，这是相同的想法，故词义为“相似的”。 3．第四段首句明确指出：“This invention is important for many reasons.”且随后从环境和商业两个方面阐述了该项发明的重要性，本段主要讲述发明的重要性。 4．文章介绍了一项新的科技发明及其优势和重要性，内容客观、具有科普性，符合科学杂志的文体特征。 B Do you know what it’s like to feel lonely? Many people feel this way sometimes. Many things can make you feel lonely. For example, when your best friend moves to another town, you may feel lonely. If your family goes on a trip without you, you may feel lonely too. Loneliness can make you feel sad. It can also cause health problems. But take it easy. There are things you can do to feel better. One good way is to meet your family and friends face-to-face. When you meet them in person, your body makes hormones (荷尔蒙) that make you feel good. But if you can’t meet them in person, there are other ways. You can use video chat apps (软件) like Zoom. It lets you keep up with your family and friends no matter how far away they live. You can also have group video calls to play games or watch sports games together. Keeping a diary is also helpful. You can write down all your feelings and thoughts. It’s like having someone to talk to. It’s an easy way to solve loneliness on your own. You don’t need to keep all your bad feelings inside. Writing them down can make you feel much lighter. It’s your own quiet space where you can say anything you want. 1．Which of the following situations might make you feel less lonely? A．Your best friend moves to another city. B．Your family takes a vacation without you. C．You have a group video call with your friends. D．You have to stay at home alone on a weekend. 2．Why does keeping a diary help with loneliness? A．Because it can keep you busy. B．Because it makes you remember things better. C．Because it helps you practice your writing skills. D．Because it’s like having a conversation with someone. 3．What’s the main purpose of the writer? A．To explain why people feel lonely and how to feel better. B．To tell people that loneliness is a serious health problem. C．To introduce the best video chat apps like Zoom. D．To advise everyone to write a diary every day. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．How to make friends. B．Ways to fight loneliness. C．Reasons for loneliness. D．The danger of loneliness. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】意见/建议、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了孤独感以及应对孤独的方法，包括与家人朋友见面、使用视频聊天软件、写日记等，还说明了写日记缓解孤独的原因以及作者写作的目的等。 1．第三段指出：“You can use video chat apps (软件) like Zoom. It lets you keep up with your family and friends no matter how far away they live. You can also have group video calls to play games or watch sports games together.”，说明和朋友进行群视频通话可以让你感觉不那么孤独。 2．第四段解释写日记的作用：“You can write down all your feelings and thoughts. It’s like having someone to talk to.”，直接说明写日记之所以有帮助，是因为它就像在和某人交谈一样。 3．综合全文，第一段提出孤独感及其原因，第二、三、四段分别介绍了缓解孤独的方法，最后一段强调写日记的作用。文章的目的是解释人们为什么感到孤独以及如何缓解。 4．全文围绕孤独感的原因和应对方法展开，主要讲述了如何应对孤独感。 C In November 2025, astronauts who were working on China’s Tiangong Space Station did something new. They cooked chicken wings. This was not just heating pre-made meals, but a process of real cooking. But cooking in space, which is far more challenging than on Earth, comes with two big problems. The first problem is heat. On Earth, hot air, being light and less heavy, rises up, which helps ovens bake (烤) food evenly. But in space, there is zero gravity. Hot air does not rise. It stays only near the heater. This makes cooking anything slow. The second problem is smoke and oil. People call it a “hidden killer”. When you cook, small particles (颗粒) of oil and smoke go into the air. In zero gravity, these particles, not being pulled downward by gravity, float (漂浮) everywhere. They can block the station’s important air filters (过滤器) and put the astronauts’ health at risk, which makes this problem very dangerous. So, Chinese engineers built a “magic oven”, which is designed to solve both problems at once. It has a fan inside. The fan forces the hot air to move around just like it does on Earth. It also has a special range hood (抽油烟机) built inside, forming a “closed system”. It takes in all the dangerous smoke and oil right away, filtering the air so that only clean air comes out. Thanks to this smart oven, the astronauts cooked their chicken wings in just 28 minutes. They could finally enjoy the smell of fresh-cooked food, a real taste of home, far away in space. 1．What new thing did the astronauts do on Tiangong Space Station in November 2025? A．They made a new oven. B．They cleaned the station. C．They cooked chicken wings. D．They heated the pre-made meals. 2．What makes smoke and oil a “hidden killer” in the space station? A．They pollute the pre-made meals and make them unfit for astronauts. B．They stop the smart oven from working and slow the cooking process. C．They change the zero gravity environment and affect daily life in space. D．They float everywhere and damage equipment as well as astronauts’ health. 3．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To describe what the astronauts like to cook. B．To explain how the new oven solves two big problems. C．To say why it is important to have fans in space. D．To tell how to build a smart oven in space. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Cooking in space will be as easy as on Earth in the near future. B．Small inventions can greatly improve astronauts’ life in space. C．The magic oven can solve all the problems in the space station. D．Astronauts will never eat pre-made meals again with the new oven. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】发明与创造、说明文、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要讲述了2025年11月中国天宫空间站的宇航员首次真正烹饪鸡翅，因太空烹饪面临热和油烟两大难题，中国工程师建造“魔法烤箱”解决这些问题，让宇航员能在太空享受烹饪美食。 1．第一段明确指出：“In November 2025, astronauts who were working on China’s Tiangong Space Station did something new. They cooked chicken wings.”，这句话直接说明宇航员在2025年11月做的新鲜事就是烹饪鸡翅。 2．第三段描述了油烟成为“隐藏杀手”的原因：“In zero gravity, these particles... float everywhere. They can block the station’s important air filters and put the astronauts’ health at risk...”，即颗粒到处漂浮，可能阻塞关键过滤器并危害健康，这与选项D“它们到处漂浮，损坏设备并危害宇航员健康”完全吻合。 3．第四段首句点明：“Chinese engineers built a ‘magic oven’, which is designed to solve both problems at once.”，随后详细解释烤箱如何通过内置风扇解决热空气循环问题，以及通过内置抽油烟机形成封闭系统解决油烟问题。因此该段的主要目的是解释新烤箱如何同时解决两大难题。 4．文章主要讲述了中国工程师为解决宇航员在空间站烹饪面临的热和油烟问题，建造了“魔法烤箱”，使宇航员能在空间站烹饪食物，享受家的味道。这表明小发明可以极大地改善宇航员在太空的生活。 【提升题】 A In small villages, people often say hello to their neighbors in stores or outside their homes. But in cities, many people don’t greet their neighbors, even when they are standing in line at a supermarket. A recent study shows that greeting neighbors, especially up to six people a day, is really good for you. The study has found that greeting others can make you happier. The magic number is six. When you greet up to six people, your happiness score goes up. After that, the score shows no further rise. The study was carried out last year and got replies from more than 4,000 people. It tested people’s social happiness, physical happiness, community happiness and more. People who greeted six neighbors had a much higher happiness score than those who didn’t greet anyone. You might think that saying hello is only about social happiness, but that’s not true. Regular (经常的) greetings also enhance your physical and community happiness. That’s because all of these are joined together. If you feel your community is safe, it’s more possible for you to talk to people. Walking around your neighborhood can make you feel better physically. Dan Witters, the leader of the study, said, “We don’t mean that you should know the person well. Just stop and talk to them. The more people you greet, the more chances you have to start a conversation”. Remember, saying hello regularly is a good way to improve your own happiness. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By showing a picture. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By showing facts. 2．Which can show the change in happiness score after people greet neighbors? A． B． C． D． 3．The underlined word “enhance” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．reduce B．improve C．protect D．hurt 4．What can we learn from Dan Witters’ words? A．Saying hello may help people start a conversation. B．The more people you know, the happier you will be. C．Nothing improves happiness more than conversations. D．Knowing people is more important than greeting them. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于“问候邻居”的研究：每天问候邻居能提升人的幸福感，包括社交幸福感、身体幸福感和社区幸福感，并说明了理解和使用这种日常问候的方法与意义。 1．第一段指出：“In small villages, people often say hello to their neighbors in stores or outside their homes. But in cities, many people don’t greet their neighbors, even when they are standing in line at a supermarket.”，说明通过展示现实情况引入话题的方式属于“展示事实”。 2．第二段提到：“When you greet up to six people, your happiness score goes up. After that, the score shows no further rise”，即问候人数到6人时幸福感得分上升，之后不再上升。 3．第三段指出：“Regular (经常的) greetings also enhance your physical and community happiness.”，说明定期的问候也会增强你的身体和社区幸福感，可推断“enhance”表示“提升、改善”。 4．第四段Dan Witters的话：“The more people you greet, the more chances you have to start a conversation”，说明问候他人可能帮助人们开启一段对话。 B Paper is one of the basic products of the modern world. From books to toilet paper, everyone uses paper in daily life. According to a report, 40% of the 15 billion trees felled (砍伐) are used to produce paper every year. More importantly, the papermaking process (过程) uses lots of water and causes air pollution. This is where Releaf Paper comes in. The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves. The company was set up by Valentyn Frechka. He has always been interested in biochemistry, which led him to try making paper from grass. When that failed, he moved on to leaves and achieved success. ▲ Some European cities collect leaves from their streets and send them to Releaf Paper. Then, using mechanical (机械的) and chemical processes, the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) from 2.3 tons of leaves. Cellulose is the material that paper is made of. Lignin, the leftover (残留物) from the processes, is then sent back to the cities to be used as fertilizer (化肥). The new processes use 15 times less water and cause less air pollution than the traditional paper producing model. “We are working only with the leaves that we get from cities because we cannot use the leaves from the forest. It’s not easy to collect them in the forest, and there is no need because there is an ecosystem (生态系统).” Frechka said. “We get leaves for making paper and return lignin to the cities. It’s like a win-win model.” 1．What does the underlined word “ingenious” mean? A．Creative B．Expensive C．Traditional D．Common 2．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．What can people do with waste? B．Why is producing eco-friendly paper important? C．Why did Frechka start Releaf Paper? D．So how is the paper produced? 3．What do we know about lignin? A．It’s a kind of harmful waste. B．It can be used in city gardens. C．Paper is made of the material. D．It can be used to create cellulose. 4．Which can be a proper title for the passage? A．Uses of paper in everyday life B．The importance of trees on the planet C．A company turns leaves into paper D．Some cities make better use of paper 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】环境保护、发明与创造、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Releaf Paper公司利用树叶制造环保纸的过程、优势及意义，强调了这种创新方式对环境保护和资源循环利用的积极作用。 1．根据“The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves.”可知，该公司找到了一种用树叶代替木材制造环保纸的方法，这是一种创新的做法，所以“ingenious”意思是“有创意的”，与“Creative”意思相近。 2．根据“Some European cities collect leaves from their streets and send them to Releaf Paper. Then, using mechanical (机械的) and chemical processes, the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) from 2.3 tons of leaves.”可知，此段主要介绍了纸是如何用树叶生产出来的，所以D选项“那么纸是如何生产的呢？”符合语境。 3．根据“Lignin, the leftover (残留物) from the processes, is then sent back to the cities to be used as fertilizer (化肥).”可知，木质素是生产过程中的残留物，会被送回城市用作化肥，所以它可以用于城市花园。 4．根据“This is where Releaf Paper comes in. The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了Releaf Paper公司利用树叶制造环保纸的相关内容，所以C选项“一家公司把树叶变成纸”最符合文章主旨。 C Qinqiang Opera is one of the earliest forms of opera in China. It started from the ancient folk songs and dances of the Han people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin dynasty. Qinqiang Opera shows the daily life and feelings of ancient Chinese people. In 2006, Qinqiang Opera was added to China’s National Intangible Heritage List (非物质文化遗产名录). Hou Yan, 48, the master of Qinqiang Opera, started learning it from her mother when she was 4 years old. Training in the basic skills of Qinqiang Opera is very challenging. In 1985, Hou studied at an art school in Ningxia, where teachers were very strict with students. Leg stretching (伸展), waist bending (弯曲) and somersaults (翻筋斗) were just some of her daily training routines. Her hard work paid off. Hou became a performer with a troupe at the age of 16. But since 1993, the sweeping trend (趋势) of pop and Western music has hit Qinqiang Opera hard. The troupe was closed and Hou had no choice but to leave the opera stage she loved. After 1995, however, China has made great efforts to develop its traditional culture. Hou returned to the stage in 2000 and devoted herself to the opera form. “I knew I’d planted my roots on the opera stage,” said Hou. Now, Hou’s team presents hundreds of Qinqiang Opera performances every year in the towns and villages of Ningxia. The average age of Hou’s opera team is 30. In 2021, they staged about 150 school performances. “As we become more confident about our culture, more young people take traditional culture as a fashionable trend and become promoters of our own culture,” says Hou. 1．Why does the writer mention Hou Yan’s daily training in Paragraph 2? A．To explain why Hou Yan left the opera stage in the 1990s. B．To prove the art school in Ningxia was popular at that time. C．To show how difficult it is to master Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills. D．To express that Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills are mainly for the young. 2．Which of the following shows the development of Qinqiang Opera? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Hou Yan’s team’s work show about the inheritance of Qinqiang Opera? A．Qinqiang’s inheritance needs young people’s efforts. B．Government support is the key to Qinqiang’s survival. C．Western music doesn’t have much influence on Qinqiang. D．School shows get more attention than village shows for Qinqiang. 4．What can we learn from Hou Yan’s words in the last paragraph? A．Traditional art can be promoted if it follows Western music. B．Traditional culture should be considered as a fashion for fun. C．Cultural confidence can lead to promoting traditional culture. D．Culture promoting needs support from people around the world. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】电影与戏剧、说明文、中华文化 【导语】本文介绍了中国最古老的戏曲形式之一——秦腔的历史渊源，以及秦腔艺术家侯艳从小学艺、历经波折到回归舞台并致力于传承的感人故事。 1．第二段详细描述了侯艳在艺校的日常训练，包括“Leg stretching, waist bending and somersaults were just some of her daily training routines.”，并且提到“teachers were very strict”，这些内容旨在说明掌握秦腔基本功的艰辛与挑战。 2．秦腔起源于秦代，1985年侯艳进入宁夏艺校学习，1993年受到打击，1995年中国大力发展传统文化，2000年秦腔重返舞台，2021年举办约150场学校演出。对应“上升→下降→再上升”的曲线，与选项B的曲线图对应。 3．第四段提到侯艳的团队每年演出数百场，且“The average age of Hou’s opera team is 30.”，第五段提到他们进行了大量校园演出，说明年轻一代正在参与到秦腔的传承中，这体现了传承需要年轻人的努力。 4．最后一段侯艳说“As we become more confident about our culture, more young people take traditional culture as a fashionable trend and become promoters of our own culture.”，明确指出文化自信促使年轻人成为传统文化的推广者。 【拔高题】 A Lanzhou, 9 August 2017. A group of researchers from China and other countries were working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage (遗产). By 2025, the team used 3D cameras to record most cave paintings. Now 20 million people worldwide can see them through online tours. They are recording and collecting digital images (数字图像) of cultural relics (遗迹) from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994. The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries. ▲ Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people to admire in America. By sharing so many digital photos over the internet, the group hopes to promote (促进) even wider interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working on the project explains, “Appreciation is very important for understanding oneself; appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.” 1．How long has the digital project been running? A．Since 1984. B．For about 30 years. C．For less than 10 years. D．For exactly 25 years. 2．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．Inside them, art from China, India and Central Asia meets beautifully. B．However, the journey to the Mogao Caves has been long and difficult. C．People visit the caves because the air there is fresh and cool. D．It is necessary to protect the caves for future generations. 3．Why does the author mention the Getty Museum? A．To criticize (批评) copy techniques. B．To compare Chinese and American art. C．To show technology protecting heritage. D．To show the caves’ international influence. 4．What can we infer about the researchers’ work? A．It makes people copy the paintings inside the caves. B．It has only Chinese researchers working on it. C．It makes cultural exchange easier. D．It will be finished in a short time. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科学技术、中华文化、说明文 【导语】本文报道了中外研究团队自1994年起对敦煌莫高窟进行数字化保护的成果。 1．细节理解题。根据“Nearly 500,000 high quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994.”可知，该项目开始于1994年，至今约30年。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries.”“Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.”可知，空缺处需承接上文“莫高窟是多元文化交汇点”，并引出下文“如今仍具国际性”；A项“在这里，来自中国、印度和中亚的艺术品完美地融合在一起。”符合语境。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people to admire in America.”可知，洛杉矶的盖蒂博物馆复制了一份洞穴和绘画的副本，供美国人欣赏，这表明了莫高窟的国际影响力。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，通过3D摄像技术记录壁画和文物，并制作50万张高清图像并开放线上游览，使全球2000万人能欣赏这一丝绸之路文化遗产，数字化共享促进了全球对中国古代文化的理解，由此推知，这使文化交流更加容易。故选C。 B When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading (数字阅读) is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type—and it comes with a high carbon footprint (碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions (排放), and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to be better than print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices (设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. Yet, Berners-Lee also said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environment-friendly activity. 1．What can we know from the text? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation. B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean? A．It remains unclear. B．It needs further studies. C．It depends on the specific situation. D．It is a matter of personal preference 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科普知识、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文主要围绕纸质书和电子阅读器展开讨论，对比了两者的碳足迹，探究哪种阅读方式更环保，并引用专家观点说明结果取决于具体情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type—and it comes with a high carbon footprint…print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books”可知，纸质出版碳足迹高、排放温室气体且消耗大量树木，对环境不友好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage”可知，电子设备对环境的最大影响来自其生产过程。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中迈克・伯纳斯 - 李的话“If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds”可知，电子阅读器是否环保，取决于使用频率等具体情况，由此可判断划线句体现“这取决于具体情况”的含义。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章开篇以“which is the more environment-friendly choice?”引出主题，后续围绕两者的环保性展开对比分析，“Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers?”能准确概括文章主旨。故选D。 C ①China is working on a big plan to put a wireless network (无线网) on the moon. This is part of its space exploration (探索) program. After Chang’e 6 finishes its mission (任务), two more spacecraft will be sent to get ready for the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS). Chang’e 7 is set to go in 2026, and Chang’e 8 will follow around 2029. ②A space official from China, Bian Zhigang, said that Chang’e 7 will look at the environment and resources (资源) near the moon’s South Pole. Then, Chang’e 8 will try out ways to use the moon’s resources. This will help them get ready for building the ILRS, which they hope to start using by 2035. ③Two steps will be required to build the ILRS. First, people will make a simple model at the moon’s South Pole. It will be able to do science work in an area within 100 kilometers. They will use a network that connects the Earth and the moon for different missions, like sending robots to explore the moon and astronauts landing on the moon. This will create a research platform with basic functions. ④The second step is to make the station better by 2050. They want to build a network of lunar stations that will have a main station at the South Pole and other stations at the equator and the far side of the moon. This will provide people with a large research platform for long-term robot missions and short-term human missions. ⑤Guo Feng, another space official, said that Chang’e 8 will make sure there is a way to communicate and have power on the moon. Scientists are also thinking about if they can grow plants on the moon. This might be part of the scientific research for Chang’e 8. ⑥Since 2017, many countries and groups have agreed to work with China on this project. More than 10 countries and over 40 international organizations have signed agreements with China, showing that many people around the world are interested in exploring the moon together. 1．Which two spacecraft are mentioned as part of the preparation for the ILRS? A．Chang’e 5 and Chang’e 6. B．Chang’e 7 and Chang’e 8. C．Tianwen 1 and Tianwen 2. D．Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 14. 2．How does the writer show China’s important lunar exploration steps? A．By talking about what was found. B．By comparing with other countries. C．By listing main events in order. D．By giving different reasons. 3．Which of the following shows the best structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph? A．The challenges of space travel B．Main difficulties in building the ILRS. C．The history of lunar exploration. D．Some examples of working together. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】说明文、航天与航空 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国在月球上建设无线网络，以支持国际月球研究站 (ILRS) 的计划和步骤，并介绍了与多个国家和组织的国际合作。 1．细节理解题。根据“After Chang’e 6 finishes its mission (任务), two more spacecraft will be sent to get ready for the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS). Chang’e 7 is set to go in 2026, and Chang’e 8 will follow around 2029.”可知，嫦娥7号和嫦娥8号是为国际月球研究站 (ILRS) 做好准备的一部分，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“After Chang’e 6 finishes its mission (任务), two more spacecraft will be sent to get ready for the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS). Chang’e 7 is set to go in 2026, and Chang’e 8 will follow around 2029.”以及下文的介绍可知，文章通过列出主要事件的顺序来展示中国重要的月球探索步骤，属于“按顺序列出主要事件”，故选C。 3．篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章首先介绍中国在月球探索方面的计划和步骤，然后详细介绍了建立国际月球研究站的两个步骤，再介绍嫦娥8号的额外任务，最后提到了国际合作的情况，所以文章结构属于① — ② — ③④ — ⑤ — ⑥，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Since 2017, many countries and groups have agreed to work with China on this project. More than 10 countries and over 40 international organizations have signed agreements with China”可知，文章结尾提到了多个国家和组织的合作，接下来很可能列举具体的合作案例，故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 焦点05 阅读理解之说明文 备战2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【题型解析】 一、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读核心结论​ 2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读作为笔试部分的“能力区分器”，延续“素养导向、语境化、综合能力”的命题方向，重点考查信息提取精准度、逻辑推理深度、文化意识融合及语言转换灵活性。其核心变化在于：弱化孤立词汇/语法记忆，强化“文本-语境-思维”的综合运用，融入无锡地域文化元素（如太湖、鼋头渚、灵山大佛、惠山泥人）及时代热点（如环保、科技、心理健康），同时注重高阶思维（如批判性思维、创新思维）的考查。 结合无锡市2026年考试方案及近年命题趋势，说明文阅读的分值占比约15%-20%（参考2025年真题），题型仍以“四选一”为主，但多模态文本（如图表、示意图、数据表）的比重提升，跨学科融合（如地理、科技、文化）的文本将成为高频考点；文章体裁以科普说明文（如环保、科技）、文化说明文（如无锡本土文化）为主，话题更贴近学生生活（如校园成长、社区活动）与社会现实（如低碳生活、AI伦理）。 二、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读重难点分析​ 无锡中考说明文阅读的重难点主要集中在“信息定位的准确性”、“逻辑推理的合理性”及“文化语境的融合性”三大维度，具体可分为以下几类： （一）信息提取类难点：精准定位与同义转换​ 信息提取是说明文阅读的基础，2026年的考查更强调“在海量信息中快速定位关键细节”，并识别原文与选项的同义转换（如“gotoschool”→“attendschool”、“important”→“vital”）。主要难点包括： 数字/时间细节：如“2025年无锡中考英语听力口语考试时间为4月25-26日”，选项可能将“2025年”改为“2026年”（时间错位），或“4月25-26日”改为“4月28-29日”（混淆听力与音乐美术考试时间）。 地点/人物细节：如“鼋头渚位于无锡市区西南”，选项可能将“西南”改为“东北”（地点错位），或“鼋头渚”改为“灵山大佛”（混淆本土景点）。 因果/目的细节：如“无锡市中考改革旨在减轻学生负担”，选项可能将“减轻负担”改为“提高分数”（因果倒置），或“中考改革”改为“高考改革”（主体混淆）。 （二）逻辑推理类难点：隐含信息与逻辑推导​ 逻辑推理是说明文阅读的高阶能力，2026年的考查更强调“立足文本，合理推导隐含信息”，避免“主观臆断”或“过度推导”。主要难点包括： 隐含态度/意图：如文本提到“无锡市2026年中考仍执行总分800分方案，但不再组织初二年级地生中考”，需推导“政策调整的出发点是减轻学生负担”，而非“降低考试难度”。 事件后续/结果：如文本提到“某学生因沉迷游戏导致成绩下降”，需推导“他可能会寻求老师帮助”，而非“他一定会放弃学业”（过度推导）。 逻辑关系判断：如文本提到“虽然无锡市中考改革减少了考试科目，但外语分值增加”，需判断“改革兼顾减负与基础学科考查”，而非“改革只注重外语”（逻辑片面）。 （三）文化语境类难点：本土元素与跨文化理解​ 文化语境是2026年中考的新增重点，说明文阅读可能融入无锡地域文化（如太湖、鼋头渚、灵山大佛、惠山泥人）或国际文化（如“一带一路”、跨文化交际），考查其英文表达与语境应用。主要难点包括： 本土文化词汇：如“太湖”译为“Taihu Lake”、“鼋头渚”译为“Yuantouzhu Scenic Spot”、“灵山大佛”译为“Lingshan Giant Buddha”、“惠山泥人”译为“Huishan Clay Figurine”，需掌握其准确翻译及语境应用。 文化内涵理解：如“无锡人早餐喜欢吃小笼包”，需理解“小笼包”是“无锡特色美食”，而非仅知道“食物名称”；如“太湖生态保护”，需理解“太湖是无锡的母亲湖”，而非仅知道“湖泊名称”。 跨文化对比：如“中西方节日差异”（春节vs.圣诞节），需理解“春节注重家庭团聚”、“圣诞节注重礼物交换”，而非“哪个节日更好”（文化偏见）。 （四）多模态文本类难点：图文结合与信息整合​ 多模态文本（如图表、示意图、数据表）是2026年的新增难点，需结合文字与图像信息进行综合理解。主要难点包括： 图表数据转换：如“学生课外阅读时间统计图”需描述数据分布（如“60%的学生喜欢阅读”）并分析原因（如“阅读能增长知识”）。 图文信息匹配：如“旅游指南中的地图”需匹配“鼋头渚位于无锡市区西南”，“环保宣传海报”需结合“垃圾分类”的文字与图标信息。 三、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读解题步骤​ 针对说明文阅读的“素养导向、语境化”特点，需采用“先题后文、边读边标、比对验证”的解题策略，具体步骤如下： （一）第一步：先题后文，标记关键词​ 浏览题干：快速浏览题目（不看选项），标记关键词（如人名、地名、数字、动词短语），如“2026年无锡中考总分”、“无锡市中考改革时间”、“鼋头渚位置”。 预测文本：根据关键词预测文本内容，如“2026年无锡中考总分”可能涉及“考试方案”文本，“鼋头渚位置”可能涉及“本土文化”文本。 （二）第二步：边读边标，定位关键句​ 快速阅读：带着问题读文本，用铅笔标记关键句（如细节题的定位句、主旨句、逻辑转折句），如“2026年中考总分为800分”、“鼋头渚位于无锡市区西南”。 识别逻辑：标记逻辑词（如but/however/therefore），如“虽然无锡市中考改革减少了考试科目，但外语分值增加”，需重点理解“但”后的内容。 （三）第三步：比对选项，验证答案​ 同义转换：将选项与原文关键句逐词比对，关注“同义替换”（如“gotoschool”→“attendschool”）、“归纳概括”（如“每天跑步+每周游泳”→“热爱运动”）。 排除干扰：警惕“偷换概念”（如“苹果”→“水果”，范围扩大）、“无中生有”（原文未提的细节）、“时间/数量错位”（如“2025年”→“2026年”）。 四、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读预测分析​ 结合政策导向（《义务教育英语课程标准》）、命题趋势（全国中考英语改革）及无锡本地特色，2026年无锡中考说明文阅读将呈现以下趋势： （一）命题趋势：素养导向与本土融合​ 核心素养深化：更注重语言能力（如信息提取、词汇应用）、思维品质（如逻辑推理、批判性思维）、文化意识（如本土文化元素的融入）、学习能力（如自主阅读策略）的考查。 本土文化渗透：可能增加无锡地域文化的文本（如“太湖的生态”、“鼋头渚的历史”、“灵山大佛的文化”、“惠山泥人的传承”），考查其英文表达与语境应用。 时代热点关联：话题可能涉及环保（如“低碳生活”、“垃圾分类”）、科技（如“AI对教育的影响”、“机器人的应用”）、心理健康（如“中学生压力管理”、“如何保持积极心态”）等时代主题，考查学生对现实问题的关注与解决能力。 （二）题型预测：多样化与综合化​ “七选五”题型：增加段落衔接的考查，要求结合上下文逻辑（如因果、转折）选择正确选项，如“无锡市中考改革的目的是减轻学生负担，______，因此不再组织初二年级地生中考”，选项可能为“减少考试科目”。 “任务型阅读”题型：增加信息整合的考查，要求结合文本信息完成表格、图表或简答，如“请根据文本填写无锡市中考改革的主要内容”（科目变化、分值变化、考试形式变化）。 “跨学科阅读”题型：增加跨学科融合的考查，如结合地理（太湖的位置）、历史（鼋头渚的历史）、艺术（惠山泥人的唱腔）等学科的文本，考查学生的综合理解能力。 （三）难度预测：基础与能力并重​ 基础题：保持50%占比，聚焦“四会词”（如“invite”、“remember”）、基础语法（如时态、介词）、固定搭配（如“look forward to doing”），考查学生对课本知识的掌握。 能力题：增加“熟词生义”（如“bank”译为“河岸”）、“复杂逻辑”（如“转折+因果”的复合逻辑）的考查，要求学生在语境中灵活运用。 压轴题：设计“开放性阅读题”（如“你认为无锡市应该如何保护太湖生态？”），考查学生的辩证思维与语言表达能力。 五、2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读备考建议​ 结合上述分析，备考需聚焦“基础夯实”“能力提升”“文化渗透”三大方向，具体建议如下： （一）基础夯实：筑牢词汇与语法根基​ 词汇积累： 掌握“四会词”（如“invite”、“remember”），重点记忆不规则单词（如“go-went-gone”、“child-children”）、词形转换（如“science-scientific”、“decide-decision”）。 使用“词汇矩阵”（如“动词+介词”、“形容词+名词”）分类记忆，提高词汇的应用能力，如“take”的搭配有“take care of”（照顾）、“take action”（采取行动）、“take part in”（参加）等。 语法巩固： 重点复习基础语法（如时态、介词、冠词），使用“语法手册”（如《初中英语语法大全》）系统梳理规则。 用“思维导图”总结语法点（如“时态”思维导图包括“过去时”“现在时”“将来时”），提高记忆效率。 （二）能力提升：强化阅读与思维训练​ 阅读训练： 多做“真题阅读”（如2025年无锡中考英语真题中的“阅读理解”部分），培养“关键词定位-同义转换-排除干扰”的综合思维。 阅读“本土文化文本”（如《无锡日报》双语版中的“太湖生态”、“鼋头渚历史”等文章），积累本土文化词汇（如“Taihu Lake”、“Yuantouzhu Scenic Spot”），提高文化语境理解能力。 思维训练： 多做“逻辑推理题”（如2025年无锡中考真题中的“推理判断题”），培养“立足文本、合理推导”的思维，避免“主观臆断”。 阅读“议论文”（如《21世纪学生英文报》中的“环保”、“科技”等文章），培养批判性思维（如“AI对教育的影响是积极的还是消极的？”）。 （三）文化渗透：融入本土与国际​ 本土文化： 积累无锡地域词汇（如“Taihu Lake”、“Yuantouzhu Scenic Spot”、“Lingshan Giant Buddha”、“Huishan Clay Figurine”）及传统文化表达（如“paper cutting”、“traditional festival”），阅读相关文章（如《苏州园林的保护》、《南京云锦的传承》），写作中尝试融入。 国际视野： 阅读“China Daily青少年版”或“双减”等政策相关英文报道，了解国际热点（如“全球气候变化”、“AI发展”），培养“中外文化对比”思维（如“春节vs.圣诞节”、“纸质书vs.电子书”）。 （四）应试技巧：优化答题策略​ 时间管理： 考试时，先做容易题（如细节题、信息匹配题），再做难题（如推理判断题、主旨大意题），避免“卡壳”（如某题不会做，先跳过，最后回头思考）。 每篇阅读控制在8-10分钟，避免超时（如某篇阅读用了15分钟，导致后面的题目没时间做）。 答题规范： 用“铅笔”标记关键词（如“2026年”、“鼋头渚”），避免“乱涂乱画”； 写“清晰的正楷”，避免“连笔”或“草书”，提高卷面可读性（如阅卷老师能清楚看到你的答案）。 六、总结​ 2026年无锡中考英语说明文阅读将更注重素养考查（语言能力、思维品质、文化意识、学习能力），更贴近生活场景（校园、社区、文化），更强调本土融合（无锡地域文化）。备考需“夯实基础”（词汇、语法）、“提升能力”（阅读、思维）、“渗透文化”（本土与国际），同时掌握“解题技巧”（如先题后文、边读边标、比对验证），才能在考试中取得好成绩。 建议考生从现在开始，制定“分阶段复习计划”（如4-5月夯实基础、6-7月专项提升、8-9月模拟实战），使用“错题本”记录易错点（如“时间错位”、“偷换概念”），定期回顾，提高学习效率。同时，保持“良好心态”（如考试时不慌张，先做熟悉的题目），才能发挥出最佳水平。 【基础题】 A Recently, a Chinese company made a great invention: XBC aesthetic curved solar tiles (XBC美学曲面光伏瓦). The company spent almost five years making it, and it won four big global design awards. It was even on TIME magazine’s list of 2025’s Best Inventions in October 2025. Why did the company make this? Because old solar panels (太阳能板) are flat (扁平的), hard, and often make buildings look ugly. Engineers wanted to use solar power on buildings without affecting their looks, but the key part of solar panels is very thin (thinner than a hair) and breaks easily. Elon Musk talked about an analogous idea in 2016, because he also thought the solar panels could be more beautiful, but no one could make them. However, this Chinese company didn’t give up. After thousands of tests, they succeeded. This new invention has three advantages. First, it looks nice. From far away, it looks like traditional Chinese green roof tiles. Second, it works very well. It turns sunlight into electricity well, even in bad weather or low light. Third, it’s easy to install (安装). You can put it on like common roof tiles. This invention is important for many reasons. For the environment, it turns buildings into clean energy makers. If 10 million families use these tiles, the world will be much greener—It is like planting 180 million trees! For business, it opens a new market, and this Chinese company plans to make it cheap enough for common people by 2030. 1．Why did the Chinese company make XBC aesthetic curved solar tiles? A．Because old solar panels are too expensive. B．Because old solar panels are hard to install. C．Because old solar panels look ugly on buildings. D．Because old solar panels can’t make electricity. 2．What does the underlined word “analogous” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Usual. B．Popular. C．Similar. D．Strange. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The importance of the invention. B．The ways to use the tiles. C．The company’s future plans. D．The reasons why the tiles are cheap. 4．Where is the text most probably from? A．A diary. B．A science magazine. C．A travel guide. D．A cultural website. B Do you know what it’s like to feel lonely? Many people feel this way sometimes. Many things can make you feel lonely. For example, when your best friend moves to another town, you may feel lonely. If your family goes on a trip without you, you may feel lonely too. Loneliness can make you feel sad. It can also cause health problems. But take it easy. There are things you can do to feel better. One good way is to meet your family and friends face-to-face. When you meet them in person, your body makes hormones (荷尔蒙) that make you feel good. But if you can’t meet them in person, there are other ways. You can use video chat apps (软件) like Zoom. It lets you keep up with your family and friends no matter how far away they live. You can also have group video calls to play games or watch sports games together. Keeping a diary is also helpful. You can write down all your feelings and thoughts. It’s like having someone to talk to. It’s an easy way to solve loneliness on your own. You don’t need to keep all your bad feelings inside. Writing them down can make you feel much lighter. It’s your own quiet space where you can say anything you want. 1．Which of the following situations might make you feel less lonely? A．Your best friend moves to another city. B．Your family takes a vacation without you. C．You have a group video call with your friends. D．You have to stay at home alone on a weekend. 2．Why does keeping a diary help with loneliness? A．Because it can keep you busy. B．Because it makes you remember things better. C．Because it helps you practice your writing skills. D．Because it’s like having a conversation with someone. 3．What’s the main purpose of the writer? A．To explain why people feel lonely and how to feel better. B．To tell people that loneliness is a serious health problem. C．To introduce the best video chat apps like Zoom. D．To advise everyone to write a diary every day. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．How to make friends. B．Ways to fight loneliness. C．Reasons for loneliness. D．The danger of loneliness. C In November 2025, astronauts who were working on China’s Tiangong Space Station did something new. They cooked chicken wings. This was not just heating pre-made meals, but a process of real cooking. But cooking in space, which is far more challenging than on Earth, comes with two big problems. The first problem is heat. On Earth, hot air, being light and less heavy, rises up, which helps ovens bake (烤) food evenly. But in space, there is zero gravity. Hot air does not rise. It stays only near the heater. This makes cooking anything slow. The second problem is smoke and oil. People call it a “hidden killer”. When you cook, small particles (颗粒) of oil and smoke go into the air. In zero gravity, these particles, not being pulled downward by gravity, float (漂浮) everywhere. They can block the station’s important air filters (过滤器) and put the astronauts’ health at risk, which makes this problem very dangerous. So, Chinese engineers built a “magic oven”, which is designed to solve both problems at once. It has a fan inside. The fan forces the hot air to move around just like it does on Earth. It also has a special range hood (抽油烟机) built inside, forming a “closed system”. It takes in all the dangerous smoke and oil right away, filtering the air so that only clean air comes out. Thanks to this smart oven, the astronauts cooked their chicken wings in just 28 minutes. They could finally enjoy the smell of fresh-cooked food, a real taste of home, far away in space. 1．What new thing did the astronauts do on Tiangong Space Station in November 2025? A．They made a new oven. B．They cleaned the station. C．They cooked chicken wings. D．They heated the pre-made meals. 2．What makes smoke and oil a “hidden killer” in the space station? A．They pollute the pre-made meals and make them unfit for astronauts. B．They stop the smart oven from working and slow the cooking process. C．They change the zero gravity environment and affect daily life in space. D．They float everywhere and damage equipment as well as astronauts’ health. 3．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To describe what the astronauts like to cook. B．To explain how the new oven solves two big problems. C．To say why it is important to have fans in space. D．To tell how to build a smart oven in space. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Cooking in space will be as easy as on Earth in the near future. B．Small inventions can greatly improve astronauts’ life in space. C．The magic oven can solve all the problems in the space station. D．Astronauts will never eat pre-made meals again with the new oven. 【提升题】 A In small villages, people often say hello to their neighbors in stores or outside their homes. But in cities, many people don’t greet their neighbors, even when they are standing in line at a supermarket. A recent study shows that greeting neighbors, especially up to six people a day, is really good for you. The study has found that greeting others can make you happier. The magic number is six. When you greet up to six people, your happiness score goes up. After that, the score shows no further rise. The study was carried out last year and got replies from more than 4,000 people. It tested people’s social happiness, physical happiness, community happiness and more. People who greeted six neighbors had a much higher happiness score than those who didn’t greet anyone. You might think that saying hello is only about social happiness, but that’s not true. Regular (经常的) greetings also enhance your physical and community happiness. That’s because all of these are joined together. If you feel your community is safe, it’s more possible for you to talk to people. Walking around your neighborhood can make you feel better physically. Dan Witters, the leader of the study, said, “We don’t mean that you should know the person well. Just stop and talk to them. The more people you greet, the more chances you have to start a conversation”. Remember, saying hello regularly is a good way to improve your own happiness. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By showing a picture. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By showing facts. 2．Which can show the change in happiness score after people greet neighbors? A． B． C． D． 3．The underlined word “enhance” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．reduce B．improve C．protect D．hurt 4．What can we learn from Dan Witters’ words? A．Saying hello may help people start a conversation. B．The more people you know, the happier you will be. C．Nothing improves happiness more than conversations. D．Knowing people is more important than greeting them. B Paper is one of the basic products of the modern world. From books to toilet paper, everyone uses paper in daily life. According to a report, 40% of the 15 billion trees felled (砍伐) are used to produce paper every year. More importantly, the papermaking process (过程) uses lots of water and causes air pollution. This is where Releaf Paper comes in. The company has found an ingenious way to make environmentally friendly paper. Instead of using wood to make paper, it uses leaves. The company was set up by Valentyn Frechka. He has always been interested in biochemistry, which led him to try making paper from grass. When that failed, he moved on to leaves and achieved success. ▲ Some European cities collect leaves from their streets and send them to Releaf Paper. Then, using mechanical (机械的) and chemical processes, the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) from 2.3 tons of leaves. Cellulose is the material that paper is made of. Lignin, the leftover (残留物) from the processes, is then sent back to the cities to be used as fertilizer (化肥). The new processes use 15 times less water and cause less air pollution than the traditional paper producing model. “We are working only with the leaves that we get from cities because we cannot use the leaves from the forest. It’s not easy to collect them in the forest, and there is no need because there is an ecosystem (生态系统).” Frechka said. “We get leaves for making paper and return lignin to the cities. It’s like a win-win model.” 1．What does the underlined word “ingenious” mean? A．Creative B．Expensive C．Traditional D．Common 2．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．What can people do with waste? B．Why is producing eco-friendly paper important? C．Why did Frechka start Releaf Paper? D．So how is the paper produced? 3．What do we know about lignin? A．It’s a kind of harmful waste. B．It can be used in city gardens. C．Paper is made of the material. D．It can be used to create cellulose. 4．Which can be a proper title for the passage? A．Uses of paper in everyday life B．The importance of trees on the planet C．A company turns leaves into paper D．Some cities make better use of paper C Qinqiang Opera is one of the earliest forms of opera in China. It started from the ancient folk songs and dances of the Han people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin dynasty. Qinqiang Opera shows the daily life and feelings of ancient Chinese people. In 2006, Qinqiang Opera was added to China’s National Intangible Heritage List (非物质文化遗产名录). Hou Yan, 48, the master of Qinqiang Opera, started learning it from her mother when she was 4 years old. Training in the basic skills of Qinqiang Opera is very challenging. In 1985, Hou studied at an art school in Ningxia, where teachers were very strict with students. Leg stretching (伸展), waist bending (弯曲) and somersaults (翻筋斗) were just some of her daily training routines. Her hard work paid off. Hou became a performer with a troupe at the age of 16. But since 1993, the sweeping trend (趋势) of pop and Western music has hit Qinqiang Opera hard. The troupe was closed and Hou had no choice but to leave the opera stage she loved. After 1995, however, China has made great efforts to develop its traditional culture. Hou returned to the stage in 2000 and devoted herself to the opera form. “I knew I’d planted my roots on the opera stage,” said Hou. Now, Hou’s team presents hundreds of Qinqiang Opera performances every year in the towns and villages of Ningxia. The average age of Hou’s opera team is 30. In 2021, they staged about 150 school performances. “As we become more confident about our culture, more young people take traditional culture as a fashionable trend and become promoters of our own culture,” says Hou. 1．Why does the writer mention Hou Yan’s daily training in Paragraph 2? A．To explain why Hou Yan left the opera stage in the 1990s. B．To prove the art school in Ningxia was popular at that time. C．To show how difficult it is to master Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills. D．To express that Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills are mainly for the young. 2．Which of the following shows the development of Qinqiang Opera? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Hou Yan’s team’s work show about the inheritance of Qinqiang Opera? A．Qinqiang’s inheritance needs young people’s efforts. B．Government support is the key to Qinqiang’s survival. C．Western music doesn’t have much influence on Qinqiang. D．School shows get more attention than village shows for Qinqiang. 4．What can we learn from Hou Yan’s words in the last paragraph? A．Traditional art can be promoted if it follows Western music. B．Traditional culture should be considered as a fashion for fun. C．Cultural confidence can lead to promoting traditional culture. D．Culture promoting needs support from people around the world. 【拔高题】 A Lanzhou, 9 August 2017. A group of researchers from China and other countries were working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage (遗产). By 2025, the team used 3D cameras to record most cave paintings. Now 20 million people worldwide can see them through online tours. They are recording and collecting digital images (数字图像) of cultural relics (遗迹) from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994. The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries. ▲ Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people to admire in America. By sharing so many digital photos over the internet, the group hopes to promote (促进) even wider interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working on the project explains, “Appreciation is very important for understanding oneself; appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.” 1．How long has the digital project been running? A．Since 1984. B．For about 30 years. C．For less than 10 years. D．For exactly 25 years. 2．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．Inside them, art from China, India and Central Asia meets beautifully. B．However, the journey to the Mogao Caves has been long and difficult. C．People visit the caves because the air there is fresh and cool. D．It is necessary to protect the caves for future generations. 3．Why does the author mention the Getty Museum? A．To criticize (批评) copy techniques. B．To compare Chinese and American art. C．To show technology protecting heritage. D．To show the caves’ international influence. 4．What can we infer about the researchers’ work? A．It makes people copy the paintings inside the caves. B．It has only Chinese researchers working on it. C．It makes cultural exchange easier. D．It will be finished in a short time. B When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading (数字阅读) is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type—and it comes with a high carbon footprint (碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions (排放), and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to be better than print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices (设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. Yet, Berners-Lee also said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environment-friendly activity. 1．What can we know from the text? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation. B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean? A．It remains unclear. B．It needs further studies. C．It depends on the specific situation. D．It is a matter of personal preference 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? C ①China is working on a big plan to put a wireless network (无线网) on the moon. This is part of its space exploration (探索) program. After Chang’e 6 finishes its mission (任务), two more spacecraft will be sent to get ready for the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS). Chang’e 7 is set to go in 2026, and Chang’e 8 will follow around 2029. ②A space official from China, Bian Zhigang, said that Chang’e 7 will look at the environment and resources (资源) near the moon’s South Pole. Then, Chang’e 8 will try out ways to use the moon’s resources. This will help them get ready for building the ILRS, which they hope to start using by 2035. ③Two steps will be required to build the ILRS. First, people will make a simple model at the moon’s South Pole. It will be able to do science work in an area within 100 kilometers. They will use a network that connects the Earth and the moon for different missions, like sending robots to explore the moon and astronauts landing on the moon. This will create a research platform with basic functions. ④The second step is to make the station better by 2050. They want to build a network of lunar stations that will have a main station at the South Pole and other stations at the equator and the far side of the moon. This will provide people with a large research platform for long-term robot missions and short-term human missions. ⑤Guo Feng, another space official, said that Chang’e 8 will make sure there is a way to communicate and have power on the moon. Scientists are also thinking about if they can grow plants on the moon. This might be part of the scientific research for Chang’e 8. ⑥Since 2017, many countries and groups have agreed to work with China on this project. More than 10 countries and over 40 international organizations have signed agreements with China, showing that many people around the world are interested in exploring the moon together. 1．Which two spacecraft are mentioned as part of the preparation for the ILRS? A．Chang’e 5 and Chang’e 6. B．Chang’e 7 and Chang’e 8. C．Tianwen 1 and Tianwen 2. D．Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 14. 2．How does the writer show China’s important lunar exploration steps? A．By talking about what was found. B．By comparing with other countries. C．By listing main events in order. D．By giving different reasons. 3．Which of the following shows the best structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph? A．The challenges of space travel B．Main difficulties in building the ILRS. C．The history of lunar exploration. D．Some examples of working together. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $