2026届高三英语二轮复习语法填空专项练习（科技前沿热点）

2026届高三英语二轮复习语法填空专项练习（科技前沿热点） 语法填空1（上海交大发布全光计算芯片 LightGen，助力生成式 AI 算力突破） Shanghai Jiao Tong University announced a breakthrough in computing power chips on Friday by introducing LightGen, an all-optical computing chip capable of 1._____________(run) large-scale generative artificial intelligence models, 2._____________ provides insights into addressing the immense computational and energy demands in the generative AI era. The research team claimed that it is the first time an all-optical computing chip 3.____________(develop) to support large-scale semantic and visual generative models. A paper about the study was published on the website of the journal Science on Friday, where it was highlighted as 4._____________ featured paper. Generative AI is 5.___________(increasing) being applied to complex real-world scenarios, such as generating images from text in seconds and creating videos in a matter of 6.____________(moment). As these models grow larger and 7._____________(sophisticated), the demand for computational power and energy efficiency becomes more pressing. In the post-Moore’s law era, global research efforts are shifting towards next-generation computing power chips 8.____________ optical computing. Currently, optical chips excel at accelerating discriminative tasks, 9.___________ fall short of supporting cutting-edge large-scale generative models. The challenge lies in enabling next-generation optical computing chips 10._____________(run) complex generative models, a recognized problem in the field of intelligent computing globally. 语法填空2（中国科学家研发新型“双面胶带”技术，助力攻克白血病复发难题） In the fight against leukemia, even the most advanced treatments carry a significant risk of the disease returning. Recently, Chinese scientists 1.____________(develop) a kind of “double-sided tape” that helps the body’s own soldiers — engineered immune cells — hold onto cancer cells more tightly, making treatment far 2.____________(effective) without complicated genetic modifications. The breakthrough, published Tuesday in the journal Cell, offers a promising new strategy to combat relapse, 3.____________ occurs in more than half of patients following CAR-T therapy. The approach works by both enhancing the CAR-T cells’ ability 4._____________(spot) their target and delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to leukemia cells. CAR-T therapy, hailed as “groundbreaking” once introduced, involves extracting a patient’s immune cells, 5.____________(know) as T cells, modifying them in a laboratory and then reinfusing them into the patient to target and destroy leukemia cells. However, cancer cells can evade this attack by altering or losing the antigens that CAR-T cells are designed to recognize, which can 6.____________(ultimate) lead to relapse. The traditional method 7.____________ address this problem involves returning to the lab and redesigning the CAR-T cells through additional gene editing — a process that is time-consuming, expensive and technically 8._____________(challenge). Now Chinese scientists have developed a novel biomimetic platform to address the problem after analyzing 9.____________ large number of clinical samples. Their analysis revealed that CD71 — a protein involved in transporting iron into cells — is highly expressed on leukemia cells across different leukemia types and disease 10.____________(stage), as well as on CAR-T cells. 语法填空3（中国航天正研发两款可重复使用火箭，助力高效低成本进入太空） China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the country’s leading space contractor, is working to develop two reusable rocket models, a top rocket scientist said. Jiang Jie, 1._____________ senior researcher at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, a CASC subsidiary in Beijing and the country’s major rocket maker, said that reusable launch vehicles represent the only path toward achieving heavy-lift, low-cost and high-efficiency access 2._____________ outer space. “Currently, CASC is actively advancing the research and development of two models of reusable rockets with different technical 3.____________(characteristic). The major difference between them lies in the recovery methods: one of them adopts ground-based recovery, and that means its first-stage booster will make a vertical landing on a 4.____________(designate) site and then stand on its landing legs; the other uses sea-based net-assisted recovery, meaning the first-stage booster 5.____________(capture) by a special net on the recovery ship,” said Jiang, 6.____________ is also a deputy to the National People’s Congress, the nation’s top legislative body, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. She made the remarks on the sidelines of the 7. ____________(four) session of the 14th National People’s Congress, which opened in Beijing on Thursday. According to her, the State-owned conglomerate has been going all out to accelerate breakthroughs in key technologies, striving 8.____________(achieve) the successful recovery and reuse of reusable boosters at an early date. “Having and operating reusable rockets will not only 9.___________(substantial) strengthen China’s capability and efficiency in reaching orbit, but will also serve to verify sophisticated technologies and accumulate 10._____________(engineer) experience for the development of next-generation heavy-lift vehicles,” Jiang said. 语法填空 1答案 1. running 2. which 3. has been developed 4. a 5. increasingly 6. moments 7. more sophisticated 8. like 9. but 10. to run 语法填空1全文翻译 上周五，上海交通大学宣布在算力芯片领域取得突破性进展，推出全光计算芯片LightGen。该芯片能够运行大规模生成式人工智能模型，为解决生成式 AI 时代巨大的计算与能源需求提供了思路。 该研究团队表示，这是首次研发出可支持大规模语义与视觉生成模型的全光计算芯片。相关研究论文于周五发表在《科学》期刊官网，并被列为精选论文。 生成式 AI 正越来越多地应用于复杂的现实场景，例如在数秒内根据文本生成图像、片刻间制作视频等。随着这些模型规模越来越大、复杂程度越来越高，对算力与能源效率的需求也愈发迫切。在后摩尔定律时代，全球科研方向正转向光计算等下一代算力芯片。 目前，光芯片在加速判别式任务方面表现出色，但尚无法支持前沿的大规模生成式模型。如何让下一代光计算芯片能够运行复杂的生成式模型，是全球智能计算领域公认的难题。 语法填空1核心词汇 1. announce /əˈnaʊns/ v. 宣布，宣告 2. breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 突破 3. computing /kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ/ n. 计算；算力 4. chip /tʃɪp/ n. 芯片 5. all-optical /ˌɔːl ˈɒptɪkl/ adj. 全光的 6. generative /ˈdʒenərətɪv/ adj. 生成的 7. computational /ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃənl/ adj. 计算的 8. demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n. 需求；要求 9. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究 10. semantic /sɪˈmæntɪk/ adj. 语义的 11. visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的 12. publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 发表，出版 13. journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/ n. 期刊，杂志 14. highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ v. 强调，突出 15. featured /ˈfiːtʃəd/ adj. 精选的，专题的 16. increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv. 越来越多地 17. apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用；申请 18. scenario /səˈnɑːriəʊ/ n. 场景，情景 19. moment /ˈməʊmənt/ n. 片刻，瞬间 20. sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 复杂的；精密的 21. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率 22. pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/ adj. 迫切的，紧迫的 23. shift /ʃɪft/ v. 转变，转移 24. next-generation /ˌnekst ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ adj. 下一代的 25. excel /ɪkˈsel/ v. 擅长，突出 26. accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ v. 加速 27. discriminative /dɪˈskrɪmɪnətɪv/ adj. 判别式的 28. cutting-edge /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/ adj. 前沿的，顶尖的 29. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战 30. enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ v. 使能够 31. complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ adj. 复杂的 32. recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认可，公认 33. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 智能的 语法填空2答案 1. have developed 2. more effective 3. which 4. to spot 5. known 6. ultimately 7. to 8. challenging 9. a 10. stages 语法填空2全文翻译 在对抗白血病的斗争中，即使是最先进的治疗方法也存在疾病复发的巨大风险。最近，中国科学家研发出一种“双面胶带”，它能帮助人体自身的“卫士”——经过基因改造的免疫细胞，更紧密地抓住癌细胞，使治疗更加有效，且无需复杂的基因修饰。 这一突破性成果于周二发表在《细胞》期刊上，为攻克复发提供了极具前景的新策略。超过半数的患者在接受CAR-T细胞治疗后会出现复发。该方法既能增强CAR-T细胞识别靶点的能力，又能将化疗药物直接输送到白血病细胞。 CAR-T疗法一经推出便被誉为“开创性”疗法，它需要提取患者的免疫细胞（即T细胞），在实验室中对其进行改造，然后重新输回患者体内，以靶向并摧毁白血病细胞。然而，癌细胞可以通过改变或丢失CAR-T细胞所识别的抗原，来躲避这种攻击，这最终会导致复发。 解决这一问题的传统方法是返回实验室，通过额外的基因编辑重新设计CAR-T细胞——这一过程耗时、昂贵，且在技术上具有挑战性。 如今，中国科学家在分析大量临床样本后，研发出了一种新型仿生平台来解决这一问题。他们的分析显示，CD71（一种参与将铁转运进细胞的蛋白质）在不同类型和不同病程阶段的白血病细胞，以及CAR-T细胞上均高度表达。 语法填空2核心词汇 1. leukemia /luːˈkiːmiə/ n. 白血病 2. advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/ adj. 先进的 3. treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗 4. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重大的 5. risk /rɪsk/ n. 风险 6. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ v. 复发；返回 7. engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ v. 改造；设计 8. immune /ɪˈmjuːn/ adj. 免疫的 9. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的 10. complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 复杂的 11. genetic /dʒəˈnetɪk/ adj. 基因的 12. modification /ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 修饰；修改 13. breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 突破 14. promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 有希望的 15. strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略 16. combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ v. 抗击；对抗 17. relapse /rɪˈlæps/ n. 复发 18. enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v. 增强 19. spot /spɒt/ v. 发现；识别 20. target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ n. 目标 v. 靶向 21. deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ v. 输送；递送 22. chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθerəpi/ n. 化疗 23. hail /heɪl/ v. 称赞 24. groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/ adj. 开创性的 25. extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ v. 提取 26. modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ v. 改造；修改 27. laboratory /ləˈbɒrətri/ n. 实验室 28. reinfuse /ˌriːɪnˈfjuːz/ v. 重新输注 29. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 摧毁 30. evade /ɪˈveɪd/ v. 躲避；逃避 31. alter /ˈɔːltə/ v. 改变 32. antigen /ˈæntɪdʒən/ n. 抗原 33. recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 识别 34. ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终 35. method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法 36. additional /əˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 额外的 37. time-consuming /ˌtaɪm kənˈsjuːmɪŋ/ adj. 耗时的 38. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的 39. challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ adj. 有挑战性的 40. novel /ˈnɒvl/ adj. 新颖的 41. biomimetic /ˌbaɪəʊmɪˈmetɪk/ adj. 仿生的 42. platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 平台 43. clinical /ˈklɪnɪkl/ adj. 临床的 44. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样本 45. reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v. 揭示 46. protein /ˈprəʊtiːn/ n. 蛋白质 47. transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ v. 运输 48. iron /ˈaɪən/ n. 铁 49. express /ɪkˈspres/ v. 表达 50. stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 阶段 语法填空3答案 1. a 2. to 3. characteristics 4. designated 5. is captured 6. who 7. fourth 8. to achieve 9. substantially 10. engineering 语法填空3全文翻译 中国顶尖火箭科学家表示，中国航天科技集团有限公司（我国领先的航天承包商）正致力于研发两款可重复使用火箭。 姜杰是北京中国运载火箭技术研究院（中国航天科技集团下属单位、我国主要火箭制造方）的一名高级研究员。她表示，可重复使用运载器是实现大推力、低成本、高效率进入外太空的唯一途径。 “目前，中国航天科技集团正积极推进两款具有不同技术特点的可重复使用火箭的研制。它们的主要区别在于回收方式：一种采用陆地回收，即其助推器第一级将垂直降落在指定地点，依靠着陆支架站立；另一种采用海上网捕回收，即助推器第一级被回收船上的专用网捕获，”姜杰说。她也是全国人大代表、中国科学院院士。 她在周四于北京开幕的第十四届全国人大第四次会议期间发表了上述言论。 据她介绍，这家国有集团正全力加速关键技术突破，力争早日实现可重复使用助推器的成功回收与复用。 “拥有并运营可重复使用火箭，不仅将大幅提升我国进入轨道的能力与效率，还将为下一代重型运载火箭的研发验证尖端技术、积累工程经验。”姜杰说。 语法填空3核心词汇 1. aerospace /ˈeərəʊspeɪs/ n. 航天，航空航天 2. contractor /kənˈtræktə(r)/ n. 承包商 3. reusable /ˌriːˈjuːzəbl/ adj. 可重复使用的 4. rocket /ˈrɒkɪt/ n. 火箭 5. senior /ˈsiːniə(r)/ adj. 高级的 6. researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究员 7. academy /əˈkædəmi/ n. 研究院，学院 8. launch /lɔːntʃ/ v./n. 发射 9. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ n. 飞行器；运载工具 10. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. 代表 11. heavy-lift /ˈhevi lɪft/ adj. 大推力的，重型运载的 12. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率 13. access /ˈækses/ n. 通道，进入机会 14. outer space /ˈaʊtə speɪs/ n. 外太空 15. advance /ədˈvɑːns/ v. 推进 16. characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特点，特征 17. adopt /əˈdɒpt/ v. 采用 18. recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n. 回收 19. booster /ˈbuːstə(r)/ n. 助推器 20. vertical /ˈvɜːtɪkl/ adj. 垂直的 21. landing /ˈlændɪŋ/ n. 降落 22. designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ v. 指定 23. capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ v. 捕获 24. deputy /ˈdepjuti/ n. 代表 25. legislative /ˈledʒɪslətɪv/ adj. 立法的 26. academician /əˌkædəˈmɪʃn/ n. 院士 27. remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ n. 言论 28. session /ˈseʃn/ n. 会议 29. conglomerate /kənˈɡlɒmərət/ n. 集团 30. accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ v. 加速 31. breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 突破 32. strive /straɪv/ v. 努力，力争 33. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ v. 实现 34. substantially /səbˈstænʃəli/ adv. 大幅度地 35. capability /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/ n. 能力 36. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ v. 验证 37. sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 尖端的，复杂的 38. accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累 39. engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ n. 工程（学） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $