热点时文话题阅读06 身心健康与认知探索、科技前沿与生态气候、人才成长与文化传承—2027年高考英语

2027高考英语热点时文话题阅读 06 身心健康与认知探索 科技前沿与生态气候 人才成长与文化传承 篇章 主题 语篇导读 Passage A 大脑休息机制与注意力恢复 文章通过对比办公室两人的工作状态，解释大脑需要减少刺激输入才能真正恢复注意力与巩固记忆，指出好休息在于“更少刺激”而非“更多填满”，呼吁保护大脑的恢复质量。 Passage B 屏幕时间、信息过载与真实休息 文章剖析了刷手机看似休息却让人更疲惫的原因——无限信息流缺乏结束信号且引发情绪波动，指出屏幕时间报告掩盖了活动本质的差异，提醒人们警惕“虚假休息”，真正关注手机之外的现实生活。 Passage C 超强厄尔尼诺与海洋生态风险 报道指出热带太平洋正形成有记录以来最强厄尔尼诺事件，预计2027年春夏对中国气候影响显著；专家提醒除气象灾害外，还应高度警惕海洋生态受损及渔业养殖的滞后风险，呼吁提前监测与防范。 Passage D “一万小时定律”与顶尖人才成长路径 《科学》杂志研究颠覆了“刻意练习成就大师”的传统认知，发现童年最显潜力的孩子成年后往往难登顶，而世界级大师起步更晚、早期多项目涉猎；文章探讨了通往卓越的曲折路径，指出长路中坚持与抗压才是区分卓越与天赋的关键。 Passage E 克服拖延的“闭合效应”与行动力 文章以海边女孩和犹豫不决的朋友作对比，引出心理学中的“闭合效应”，解释悬而未决的愿望为何会持续消耗注意力、释放焦虑；并提出“两分钟法则”等降低启动阻力的方法，鼓励以即刻行动拥抱生活。 Passage F 商业航天“陆上指挥、海上发射”新突破 中国谷神星一号火箭在山东附近海域成功发射遥感卫星，首次采用“陆上指挥、海上发射”新模式。该模式摆脱了船舱空间、供电与通信等限制，提升了安全与效率，标志着中国商业航天迈出重要一步。 Passage G 心脏“迷你大脑”与精准医疗前景 《细胞》杂志的小鼠研究颠覆了心脏神经仅是“中继站”的认知，发现心脏固有神经系统能主动调节心律并与大脑双向交流。该发现有望推动靶向特定神经回路的精准疗法，避免传统药物带来的附带损害。 Passage H 法国最后一家手工印章店的传承与坚守 文章记述法国手工印章师 Eric Lejeusne 坚守四十年的故事。在数字化浪潮与老铺纷纷关门的背景下，他在退休前将无法用文字记载的“手感”传给年轻学徒，展现了传统手工技艺在现代社会中的倔强生存与传承。 Passage A At three in the afternoon, two people may look equally busy. One keeps switching between messages, documents and unfinished tasks, eating lunch at the desk. The other closes the laptop, walks downstairs and comes back without having "achieved" anything during the break. By evening, the difference becomes visible: the first is still working but reading the same paragraph twice, while the second still has enough attention left for a conversation, a book, or a decision that requires patience. We tend to judge rest by how much time it takes away from work. The brain experiences it differently. Attention cannot remain equally sharp for unlimited periods, and sleep loss makes sustained attention worse, while rest breaks can restore some of the lost performance. The brain also needs periods in which no new information is arriving, and a quiet walk or several minutes with closed eyes can create such a gap. Research on waking rest suggests that these empty periods help newly formed memories become more stable. This helps explain why filling every spare minute with stimulation can feel strangely exhausting. Many people stop working but never give their attention a real break, moving from a spreadsheet to short videos, from a meeting to social media, from a task to twenty new pieces of information. The activity changes, but the stream of input continues, and good rest often contains less stimulation, not more. The connection with a "younger" brain needs to be understood carefully, since no ten-minute walk can reverse biological aging. Yet sleep and recovery are linked with the abilities people associate with feeling mentally young: steady attention, memory, flexibility and staying engaged without becoming quickly exhausted. Research on aging also links poor sleep with worse cognitive outcomes, although the two influence each other in complicated ways. Perhaps the useful question is not how many hours we can force ourselves to remain productive, but how often we allow the brain to recover before exhaustion becomes normal. The person who takes a walk may appear to have lost time, yet may actually be protecting the quality of the hours left. 1．How does Paragraph 3 relate to the scene in Paragraph 1? A. It offers a practical way to measure the difference. B. It repeats the opening scene with a new example. C. It explains the reasons behind the observed contrast. D. It introduces another pair of contrasting busy people. 2．According to Paragraph 2, what do rest breaks help the brain recover? A. the attention performance that sleep loss weakens sharply B. the sleep hours that busy people lose at work C. the memories that the brain stores during quiet gaps D. the aging that a short walk can never reverse 3．Which inference about task-switchers does Paragraph 3 support? A. feel more productive than the walker who steps away B. keep the mind busy without letting it recover C. recover more attention than a person who stops D. grow more tired after ten minutes of real quiet 4．Which statement best fits the argument from first scene to closing question? A. Ten-minute walks are the quickest way to reverse aging. B. Rest is valued because it frees extra working time. C. The brain works best when it receives many new inputs. D. Good rest protects attention, memory and the aging brain. 【重难生词】 · fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ n. 疲劳，劳累 · sustained /səˈsteɪnd/ adj. 持续的；保持的 · gap /ɡæp/ n. 间隙，空档；缺口 · stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳固的，稳定的 · stimulation /ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 刺激，刺激物 · spreadsheet /ˈspredʃiːt/ n. 电子表格 · reverse /rɪˈvɜːrs/ v. 逆转，扭转；颠倒 · cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的，认识的 · flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性；变通性 · biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物学的；生物体的 · recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n. 恢复，康复 【长难句分析】 句 1：By evening, the difference becomes visible: the first is still working but reading the same paragraph twice, while the second still has enough attention left for a conversation, a book, or a decision that requires patience. 参考译文：到了晚上，差别就显现出来：第一个人还在工作，却把同一段话读了两遍；第二个人虽然离开桌子更久，却还剩下足够的注意力去交谈、去读书，或去做一个需要耐心的决定。 句式结构分析：①主干：the difference becomes visible 为系表结构，冒号后为解释部分。②关键修饰：still working 是现在分词作伴随状语，but 表转折，while 表对比；left 是过去分词作后置定语；that requires patience 是定语从句修饰 decision。③阅读提示：冒号即解释信号，while 提示作比较而非找因果。 句式仿写训练：By nine o'clock, the difference became clear: the first reader was still turning the pages without remembering a line, while the second had closed the book and could talk about its main argument. 仿写译文：到了九点，差别就清楚了：第一个读者还在翻页却记不住一行字，第二个已经合上书并且能谈论书中的主要论点。 句 2：Attention cannot remain equally sharp for unlimited periods, and sleep loss makes sustained attention worse, while rest breaks can restore some of the lost performance. 参考译文：注意力不可能在无限的时间里保持同样敏锐；睡眠不足会使持续的注意力变差，而休息间歇能恢复一部分因此丧失的表现力。 句式结构分析：①主干：Attention cannot remain equally sharp，for unlimited periods 作时间状语。②关键修饰：and 连接三个并列分句；worse 作比较级作宾补；while 表对比，the lost performance 中 the lost 为过去分词作定语。③阅读提示：while 是让步转折而非并列因果，抓住 cannot 与 while 两条线索即可分清两层意思。 句式仿写训练：The screen cannot stay bright for unlimited hours, and heavy scrolling makes slow reading harder, while a short walk in the park restores some of the lost patience. 仿写译文：屏幕不可能永远亮着，疯狂刷手机会让慢读变得更难，而在公园里散一会儿步能找回一部分失去的耐心。 句 3：Perhaps the useful question is not how many hours we can force ourselves to remain productive, but how often we allow the brain to recover before exhaustion becomes normal. 参考译文：或许有用的问题不是我们能逼迫自己保持高产多少小时，而是我们多久才允许大脑在疲惫变成常态之前恢复一次。 句式结构分析：①主干：not A but B 并列结构，共享主语 the useful question 与系动词 is。②关键修饰：how many hours、how often 各引导名词性从句作表语；force somebody to do something 为使役结构；before exhaustion becomes normal 为时间状语从句。③阅读提示：not 与 but 必须合读，作者问的是多久让大脑恢复一次，而非能工作多久。 句式仿写训练：Perhaps the useful question is not how many pages we can force ourselves to finish tonight, but how often we allow the mind to wander before the reading becomes dull. 仿写译文：或许有用的问题不是我们今晚能逼迫自己读完多少页，而是我们多久才允许大脑走神，直到阅读变得枯燥。 【答案】1．C　2．A　3．B　4．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的科普说明文，以办公室里两个人的对比场景切入，解释注意力难以无限保持、休息能恢复注意力并巩固记忆的机制，指出好休息在于更少刺激而非更多刺激，并联系睡眠与大脑衰老的关系，最后以一个提问收束，引导读者重新看待休息与认知能力。 【详解】 1．C（文章结构题）第一段以“At three in the afternoon, two people may look equally busy.”（两人看起来同样忙）呈现对照场景，第二、三段从机制上解释注意力难以持续、活动在变而输入未断，正是为第一段提供解释，故二者是解释与被解释的关系，C 项最贴切。A 项的衡量办法全文未提，属无中生有；B 项把第三段读成举例说明，实为解释原因，属张冠李戴；D 项称第三段引入新人物，原文并无此人，属无据引申。故选 C。 2．A（细节理解题）定位句“…rest breaks can restore some of the lost performance.”（休息间歇能恢复一部分因此丧失的表现力）表明恢复的正是因睡眠不足而下降的注意力表现力，A 项转述准确。B 项把恢复对象说成失去的睡眠时长，属张冠李戴；C 项的记忆出自第四段，属答非所问；D 项的生物年龄已被作者明确否定，属无中生有。故选 A。 3．B（推理判断题）定位句“The activity changes, but the stream of input continues”（活动在变，但输入流仍在继续）说明切换任务只是让大脑持续被占用而未获真正休息，B 项最贴切。A 项说自己感觉更有产出，恰是作者否定的用工作时间衡量休息的视角，属过度引申；C 项说恢复得更多，与“好休息在于更少刺激”相反，属反向推断；D 项把填满每分钟会异常疲惫错安到安静的十分钟上，属时序错位。故选 B。 4．D（主旨大意题(全文主旨)）末句“…how often we allow the brain to recover”（多久让大脑恢复一次）点明全文主张：休息关系注意力、记忆与大脑状态，D 项概括最全面。A 项断言十分钟散步能逆转衰老，与原文“no ten-minute walk can reverse biological aging”矛盾，属无中生有；B 项停留在用工作时间衡量休息的俗见，属以偏概全；C 项认为新输入越多越好，与第三段结论相悖，属因果倒置。故选 D。 Passage B The worst moment arrives after the screen goes dark. Nearly an hour has disappeared. Your eyes feel dry, your neck is stiff, and your mind is still moving as if many conversations were happening inside it. You opened the phone because you were tired and wanted a break. The body asked for a pause, and the hand answered with more stimulation. So scrolling can look like rest while leaving us more exhausted: we stop the task, though the mind never slows down. Most daily experiences have a visible shape. A conversation slows down, a chapter ends, a walk arrives. These endings tell the mind that it can release its attention. An infinite feed offers no such signal: every swipe creates another beginning, and another chance waits below the current post. The reward may never arrive, yet the promise of it rarely disappears. Within a few minutes we can laugh at a joke, feel disturbed by a tragedy and become anxious about our own future, each emotion arriving before the last has settled. Social media places hundreds of lives beside our own: one is travelling, another has an offer, someone has rebuilt their body. Our own day may contain laundry and unfinished assignments, and beside the brightest moments of other lives they begin to look like signs of failure. Research on screen time has never produced one simple answer, because all screen time is placed inside the same number. Talking to a loved one and watching random clips may each appear in a screen-time report, even though they leave the mind in different conditions. The more useful question is what happens after we close an app. Sometimes the phone replaces sleep, movement or an honest conversation. A more honest moment appears when useful phone use turns into automatic movement: interest has gone, the thumb continues, and we wait for the feed to choose another emotion for us. That moment is an exit: a break has stopped feeling like a break. Perhaps we were never asking for more entertainment. We were tired, "overstimulated" and unwilling to sit with the silence waiting underneath. 1．According to Paragraph 3, what does an infinite feed fail to offer? A. the promise of a reward that may not arrive B. a clear sign that the mind may slow down C. any signal telling the mind to release attention D. enough reasons for the thumb to stop moving 2．What does Paragraph 6 imply about screen-time reports? A. they treat quite different daily activities as equivalent B. they measure the hours people spend on each app C. they hide the harmful effects of heavy scrolling D. they provide a fair test of digital well-being 3．The word "overstimulated" in the last paragraph most probably means A. unable to accept what has just happened B. disturbed by an excessive amount of input C. tired of the silence underneath the noise D. eager for the next item in the feed 4．From the screen-time report to the final exit, the author aims to A. describe the many effects of endless social media updates B. prove that screen time harms happiness across the board C. recommend that each social media app be deleted outright D. invite readers to weigh what phones take away 【重难生词】 · stiff /stɪf/ adj. 僵硬的；酸痛的 · stimulation /ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 刺激，刺激物 · exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ adj. 精疲力竭的 · infinite /ˈɪnfɪnət/ adj. 无限的，无穷无尽的 · feed /fiːd/ n. 信息流；推送内容 · swipe /swaɪp/ v. 滑动，划过 · residue /ˈrezɪduː/ n. 残留物；余留的影响 · envy /ˈenvi/ n. 嫉妒，羡慕 · restless /ˈrestləs/ adj. 焦躁不安的 · anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ adj. 焦虑的；渴望的 · underneath /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/ prep./adv. 在……下面；潜藏在下面的 · equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ adj. 等同的；相当的 【长难句分析】 句 1：So scrolling can look like rest while leaving us more exhausted: we stop the task, though the mind never slows down. 参考译文：所以，刷手机看上去像休息，却让我们更加疲惫：任务停了，而大脑从没有慢下来。 句式结构分析：①主干：scrolling can look like rest，can 为情态动词，look like 后接介词短语作表语。②关键修饰：while leaving us more exhausted 为现在分词作伴随状语；冒号后为解释部分，though 引导让步状语从句，never 为否定副词。③阅读提示：冒号是解释信号，though 提示让步转折，重点落在 never slows down 上。 句式仿写训练：So a short walk can look like wasted time while leaving us calmer: we leave the desk, though the worry stays with us for a while. 仿写译文：所以，一次短途散步看上去像是浪费时间，却让我们更平静：我们离开了桌子，可那份担心还跟了我们一会儿。 句 2：A more honest moment appears when useful phone use turns into automatic movement: interest has gone, the thumb continues, and we wait for the feed to choose another emotion for us. 参考译文：当有用的手机使用悄悄变成自动的动作时，一个更诚实的时刻出现了：兴趣已经消失，拇指仍在滑动，而我们等着信息流替我们挑选下一种情绪。 句式结构分析：①主干：A more honest moment appears，when 引导时间状语从句，从句为 useful phone use turns into automatic movement。②关键修饰：冒号后三个并列分句解释 automatic movement；has gone 为现在完成时；wait for the feed to choose… 中 to choose 为省略 to 的不定式作宾补。③阅读提示：三个并列分句是展开说明，末句较长，应先锁主句谓语 wait，再回看宾语。 句式仿写训练：A clearer moment appears when polite conversation turns into empty talk: the words have run out, the phone lights up, and we look for a message to send. 仿写译文：当客气的交谈变成空洞的寒暄时，一个更清楚的时刻出现了：话说完了，手机亮起，我们便去找一条要发的消息。 【答案】1．C　2．A　3．B　4．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的说明性文章，从暗屏之后的不适写起，剖析刷手机像休息却更疲惫的心理机制，比较日常体验与无限信息流在结束信号上的差别，指出屏幕时间报告把不同活动算作同一个数字的局限，提示读者关注关掉应用之后发生了什么，并把发现休息已不再像休息作为退出的信号，结尾反问我们也许要的从来不是更多娱乐。 【详解】 1．C（细节理解题）定位句“An infinite feed offers no such signal”（无限的信息流不提供这样的信号）说明缺少的是让大脑释放注意力的结束信号，C 项转述准确。A 项说信息流给不了奖励承诺，与原文“the promise of it rarely disappears”正相反，属事实说反；B 项谈大脑慢下来，出自第二段，属张冠李戴；D 项谈拇指停不下来，讲的是停止的理由不足而非缺少结束信号，属以偏概全。故选 C。 2．A（推理判断题）定位句“…all screen time is placed inside the same number.”（所有屏幕时间都被放进同一个数字里）说明报告把性质完全不同的活动折算成同一个数字，实质上是等同看待，A 项正确。B 项误以为报告按应用分别统计时长，与原文相悖，属张冠李戴；C 项把研究结论不一致说成报告隐瞒危害，属因果倒置；D 项认为报告能公平检验数字生活，是文中已被否定的看法，属无中生有。故选 A。 3．B（词义猜测题）末段“We were tired, ‘overstimulated’ and unwilling to sit with the silence…”中该词与 tired、unwilling 并列，描述刷完一小时后的状态；结合全文手机不断送来画面与情绪可知，它指被过多信息刺激得心烦意乱，B 项正是这一含义。A 项照搬同句 unwilling 的语义，属张冠李戴；C 项照搬同句 tired，属以局部词义代替所指；D 项抓住继续滑动这一动作，那是行为而非心理状态，属张冠李戴。故选 B。 4．D（主旨大意题(写作目的题)）结尾“…a break has stopped feeling like a break.”（休息已不再像休息）把全文从暗屏后的不适追问到手机取代了睡眠、运动与谈话，落脚在提醒读者检视手机拿走了什么，D 项与这一写作目的吻合。A 项只描述部分内容，未体现作者的追问，属以偏概全；B 项用“across the board”夸大研究结论，与文中“研究从未给出简单答案”冲突，属过度绝对；C 项误读结尾，文中说我们不必把手机变成敌人，属张冠李戴。故选 D。 Passage C A record-breaking El Nino event is developing in the tropical Pacific and could bring climate and marine risks to China in the spring and summer of 2027. According to China's National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, the central and eastern equatorial Pacific entered an El Nino phase in May and strengthened. By September, the sea surface temperature anomaly in the Nino 3.4 region had reached +2.84 C, staying above the El Nino threshold of +0.5 C for five consecutive months. The event is expected to peak in November or December, with the Nino 3.4 index reaching around +3.5 C and the Nino 3 index exceeding +4 C, making it the strongest event since systematic observations began. Jiang Hua, the center's chief forecaster, said the Nino 3 index will exceed +4 C and that the event could persist until April or May 2027. The second strongest was in 1997-98, when the peak reached +3 C. El Nino occurs every two to seven years, and its effects on global temperatures often appear most fully in the year after its formation. As events mature at year-end and the ocean needs time to respond, the current event's most significant effects on China's climate are expected in the spring and summer of 2027. The risks reach beyond weather-related disasters to marine ecosystems and fisheries. Persistently high sea temperatures reduce dissolved oxygen, stressing the respiration of fish, shrimp, crabs and shellfish. Marine larvae are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures combined with low oxygen. The effects are already emerging in fishing grounds off Peru and Ecuador, where marine ecosystems respond relatively quickly to El Nino conditions. In China's coastal waters, harm to fisheries and aquaculture may emerge later and grow more pronounced in 2027. "People have traditionally paid more attention to weather-related disasters, while other types have received less attention," Jiang said. "It is important to recognize that marine, geological, ecological and cryospheric hazards also pose risks, not just meteorological disasters." He advised the public to follow forecasts and prepare in advance, and urged fishing and aquaculture industries to monitor ocean conditions before spring and summer 2027. 1．Why are marine larvae especially vulnerable in El Nino conditions? A. They die young because ocean currents shift toward the north. B. They suffer from high temperatures combined with low oxygen. C. They develop faster in warm seawater than in cold seawater. D. They need far more oxygen than warm seawater can provide. 2．Why may Chinese fisheries feel El Nino later than Peruvian ones? A. Peru and Ecuador lie much farther from the equator than China. B. Chinese aquaculture depends far less on the ocean than Peruvian fisheries. C. Marine ecosystems in China's coastal waters respond to El Nino more slowly. D. The El Nino event reaches Chinese waters two years later than in Peru. 3．How does Jiang Hua view the public's focus on El Nino risks? A. Weather disasters deserve the greatest attention people pay to El Nino. B. Marine and geological hazards are far more predictable than weather-related ones. C. The public has long been well prepared for the non-weather hazards. D. The public should pay the greatest attention to non-weather hazards. 4．Why does the report tell readers to prepare in advance? A. To warn that China needs preparation for varied El Nino risks. B. To compare the current El Nino event with the one in 1997-98. C. To explain the rise in sea temperatures during this El Nino event. D. To report on recent fishing conditions near Peru and Ecuador this year. 【重难生词】 · anomaly /əˈnɒməli/ n. 距平；异常（值） · threshold /ˈθreʃhəʊld/ n. 门限；阈值 · forecaster /ˈfɔːkeɪkə(r)/ n. 预报员 · persist /pəˈsɪst/ v. 持续；延续 · dissolved /dɪˈzɒlvd/ adj. （氧气等）溶解的 · respiration /ˌrespəˈreɪʃn/ n. 呼吸；呼吸作用 · larva /ˈlɑːvə/ n. 幼体；幼虫（复数 larvae） · vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj. 脆弱的；易受伤害的 · distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 分布 · aquaculture /ˈækwəkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 水产养殖 · pronounced /prəˈnaʊnst/ adj. 显著的；明显的 · cryospheric /ˌkraɪəˈsfɪərɪk/ adj. 冰冻圈的 · hazard /ˈhæzəd/ n. 灾害；危险 【长难句分析】 句 1：As events mature at year-end and the ocean needs time to respond, the current event's most significant effects on China's climate are expected in the spring and summer of 2027. 参考译文：由于厄尔尼诺事件在年末趋于成熟，而海洋环流作出反应需要时间，本次事件对中国气候最显著的影响预计将出现在2027年的春夏两季。 句式结构分析：①主干：the current event's most significant effects are expected in the spring and summer of 2027 为被动结构，As 引导原因状语从句。②关键修饰：从句内 as events mature at year-end 与 the ocean needs time to respond 为两个并列小句，一交代时点、一说明响应滞后。③阅读提示：As 引导的是原因而非时间，年份落在主句，不要被从句里的 year-end 带走。 句式仿写训练：As the storm weakens near the coast and the tide continues to fall, the damage to the port is expected to be fully visible next spring. 仿写译文：由于风暴在近岸减弱且潮水仍在消退，这次对港口的损害预计将在明年春天才完全显现。 句 2：The effects are already emerging in fishing grounds off Peru and Ecuador, where marine ecosystems respond relatively quickly to El Nino conditions. 参考译文：影响已在秘鲁和厄瓜多尔外海的渔场显现出来，那里的海洋生态对厄尔尼诺条件反应相对较快。 句式结构分析：①主干：The effects are already emerging 为带进行体的被动谓语，in fishing grounds off Peru and Ecuador 为地点状语。②关键修饰：where 引导定语从句修饰前面的渔场，复指这一范围；marine ecosystems 为主语，relatively quickly 为状语。③阅读提示：where 从句常被误读成并列分句，把“响应快”错配给整个亚洲。 句式仿写训练：The symptoms are already visible in the lakes near the mountains, where the water level changes much faster than in the lowlands. 仿写译文：这些迹象在山边的湖泊中已经显现，那里的水位变化比低洼地区快得多。 【答案】1．B　2．C　3．D　4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，先交代热带太平洋出现的厄尔尼诺事件在5月进入状态、9月 Nino 3.4 区海温距平已达+2.84℃并连续5个月超阈值，随后引用国家海洋环境预报中心预报员蒋华的判断，说明本次事件预计11—12月达峰、为有系统观测以来最强，并可能延续到2027年4—5月；再解释其对中国影响为何滞后到2027年春夏，最后由专家引语提醒风险不止气象灾害，还涉及海洋生态与渔业养殖。 【详解】 1．B（细节理解题）定位句“Marine larvae are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures combined with low oxygen.”（海洋幼体对高温与低氧的叠加尤为脆弱）说明原因在于高温与低氧同时作用，B 项转述 vulnerable 并保留叠加关系，正确。A 项把原因归为洋流北移，原文只说秘鲁渔场因响应较快而先受影响，属无中生有；C 项讲生长加快，与原文方向相反，属因果倒置；D 项把对象由海洋幼体换成一般生物，属张冠李戴。故选 B。 2．C（推理判断题）第五段说秘鲁、厄瓜多尔渔场“marine ecosystems respond relatively quickly to El Nino conditions”（生态响应较快），而紧接着又说中国沿岸的损害可能到 2027 年才更明显，两条对照即可推出中国沿岸反应更慢，C 项正确。A 项比较纬度距离，原文未涉及，属无中生有；B 项把生态响应速度偷换成养殖业对海洋的依赖程度，属张冠李戴；D 项把迟滞的时间差倒置为事件到达时间，属时序错位。故选 C。 3．D（观点态度题）第六段引语“…paid more attention to weather-related disasters, while other types have received less attention.”（传统上更关注气象类灾害）显示他主张扩大而非缩小关注范围，D 项正是这一主张的转述，正确。A 项复述的恰是被批评的旧做法，与末句“not just meteorological disasters”的转折冲突，属张冠李戴；B 项比较各类灾害的可预测性，原文只谈关注度，属无据引申；C 项断言公众已做好准备，原文恰恰指出重视不足，属以偏概全。故选 D。 4．A（主旨大意题(写作目的题)）末段“…prepare in advance… monitor ocean conditions before spring and summer 2027.”（提前准备并在 2027 年春夏前监测海况）点明全文意图是提醒各方为多种厄尔尼诺风险提前准备，A 项概括最全面，正确。B 项只是第三段的历史比较，是解释强度的参照而非写作目的，属以偏概全；C 项停留在海温升高的机理说明，原文只用一句作背景交代，属无中生有；D 项把中国读者的备灾要求换成对秘鲁渔场现状的报道，属张冠李戴。故选 A。 Passage D What does it take to become the best at something? The answer may not lie in early childhood excellence or in lifelong, laser-focused dedication. According to research published in Science, the path to top performance may involve a good deal more meandering. Researchers who study sports, chess and classical music found something counterintuitive: children who show the greatest promise in a discipline rarely become its top performers as adults. The finding pushes against the 10,000-hour rule, the idea that anyone who logs10,000 hours of deliberate practice becomes a master. "Compared with national-level performers, world-class performers started their discipline later," says Brooke Macnamara, a psychologist at Purdue University. "They stay in multiple activities early on and accumulate less practice in their own discipline, and they pay a price for that variety." The rule rested on a 1993 study of violin students who had each logged an average of 10,000 hours by age 20, yet never became world-class performers. "This pattern does not sit well with deliberate practice theory," Macnamara says. "So many coaches still push kids to specialize in a single sport, but the evidence points the other way." David Z. Hambrick, a psychologist at Michigan State University and a co-author of the paper, admits he was surprised by the result. "I had never really compared training in one discipline with training in many." The findings do not mean practice is unimportant. Edson Filho, who studies performance psychology at Boston University and was not involved in the research, notes that peak ages differ by sport, gymnastics being a clear case. He also points out that the study leaves out money and coaching, which influence who rises to the top. "Being world-class means holding your level when conditions are worst," he says. On a long road to mastery, children burn out, lose interest and face the toughest tests, so keeping a high level under the hardest conditions is what separates the durable from the merely talented. 1．What does the Science research imply about children who shine early? A. Their childhood talent is a better predictor than practice hours. B. They often need more training time than their slower peers. C. Their early success usually depends on support from good coaches. D. Such early promise may not turn into world-class mastery. 2．What did the 1993 violin study on the 10,000-hour rule show? A. Its violin students had practiced about 10,000 hours by twenty. B. Its violin students went on to become world-class performers later. C. Early specialization predicted success far better than practice time did. D. Its violin students trained mostly in several disciplines at once. 3．How does Macnamara view coaches who push early specialization? A. She believes such coaches simply ignore the new evidence. B. She thinks they contradict what the new evidence shows. C. She admits that single-sport training does make real champions. D. She argues that children may choose any one sport early. 4．Which title best summarizes the Science report on excellence? A. Training Hours: Why the 10,000-Hour Rule Still Holds Up B. Elite Performers: How Much Practice Is Really Enough Now C. Late Bloomers: Why the Longest Road to Greatness Differs D. Peak Age: When the Strongest Champions Reach Their Best 【重难生词】 · meandering /miˈændərɪŋ/ n. 曲折；绕行 · counterintuitive /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/ adj. 反直觉的；违反常理的 · discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. （训练）项目；专业 · log /lɒɡ/ v. 累计（时数）；记录 · deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərət/ adj. 刻意进行的；专意的 · specialize /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ v. 专门从事；专攻 · peak /piːk/ n./v. 巅峰；达到高峰 · co-author /ˌkəʊ ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 合著者 · gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ n. 体操 · burn out /ˌbɜːn ˈaʊt/ phr. 精疲力竭；热情耗尽 · durable /ˈdjʊərəbl/ adj. 持久的；能坚持到底的 · merely /ˈmɪəli/ adv. 仅仅；只不过 · mastery /ˈmɑːstəri/ n. 精通；掌握 【长难句分析】 句 1：On a long road to mastery, children burn out, lose interest and face the toughest tests, so keeping a high level under the hardest conditions is what separates the durable from the merely talented. 参考译文：在通往精通的漫长道路上，孩子会精疲力竭、失去兴趣、面对最严苛的考验，因此能否在最难条件下保持高水平，正是把能坚持到底的人与仅仅有天赋的人区分开来的关键。 句式结构分析：①主干：so 引导结果状语从句，谓语为 what separates the durable from the merely talented。②关键修饰：On a long road to mastery 为介词短语作状语；children burn out, lose interest and face the toughest tests 为三个并列动词短语；durable 与 merely talented 对举。③阅读提示：焦点在 so 之后的 what 从句，落点是“能否坚持”而非“练了多久”。 句式仿写训练：On a long road to fluency, learners plateau, lose confidence and face heavy review, so keeping a calm rhythm through busy weeks is what separates the steady from the impatient. 仿写译文：在通往流利的漫长道路上，学习者会陷入停滞、失去信心、面对大量复习，因此能否在繁忙的几周里保持从容的节奏，正是把稳健者与急躁者区分开的关键。 句 2："Compared with national-level performers, world-class performers started their discipline later," says Brooke Macnamara, a psychologist at Purdue University. 参考译文：普渡大学的心理学家布鲁克·麦克纳马拉说："与那些只达到国家级水平的选手相比，世界级选手开始训练本项目的时间更晚。" 句式结构分析：①主干：引语主干为 world-class performers started their discipline later。②关键修饰：Compared with national-level performers 为过去分词短语作状语，比较基准前置；says 后接说话人身份 a psychologist at Purdue University，属交代消息来源。③阅读提示：引语与身份要分开读，别把身份误当成对比的一方。 句式仿写训练："Compared with amateur painters, professional illustrators finished their first series later," says a designer at a studio in Shanghai. 仿写译文：上海一家设计工作室的一位设计师说："与业余画者相比，职业插画师完成第一系列作品的时间更晚。" 【答案】1．D　2．A　3．B　4．C 【导语】本文是一篇报道最新科学研究的新闻稿。文章援引《科学》杂志上一项横跨体育、国际象棋与古典音乐的研究，指出童年时期最显潜力的孩子成年后往往登顶无望，并据此质疑Macnamara所依据的1万小时定律；文中引用Macnamara、Hambrick与Filho的言论，说明顶尖高手起步更晚、练习本专业的时间更少，同时提醒不同项目峰值年龄不同、还需考虑金钱与教练等因素；结尾给出对学校、教练以及未走神童路线者的启示。 【详解】 1．D（推理判断题）定位句“children who show the greatest promise… rarely become its top performers as adults”（早年最显潜力者成年后很少登顶）说明早期表现与最终成就只是弱对应，D 项转述正确。A 项断言早期天赋比练习时长更能预测成功，与原文立场相反，属主旨反转；B 项称这些孩子需要更多训练时间，原文从未讨论，属无中生有；C 项把结论归因于教练支持，而教练与金钱只是研究未纳入的因素，属张冠李戴。故选 D。 2．A（细节理解题）定位句“…logged an average of 10,000 hours by age 20, yet never became world-class performers”（到 20 岁人均练习约 1 万小时，却从未成为世界级演奏者）提供的事实只是练习时数与年龄，A 项与之完全对应，正确。B 项与 never 这一否定信息正相反，属肯否定颠倒；C 项把研究内容换成早期专门化与练习时长的比较，属无中生有；D 项说他们同时训练多个项目，那是描述世界级高手的特征，与这批学生无关，属张冠李戴。故选 A。 3．B（观点态度题）引语“…coaches still push kids to specialize in a single sport, but the evidence points the other way.”（教练仍推动孩子专攻单一项目，但证据指向相反方向）中 still 与 but 构成让步转折，表明她认为教练做法与证据相悖，B 项正确概括了这一态度。A 项把批评停留在“忽视证据”，弱化了引语的锋芒，属概括不到位；C 项称她承认单项训练出冠军，原文反而以 but 否定单一路径，属无中生有；D 项谈孩子自由选择项目，引语只提到教练的推动，属无据引申。故选 B。 4．C（主旨大意题(标题题)）标题题）。引语“world-class performers started their discipline later”（世界级选手起步更晚）点明文眼是晚成：童年最显潜力者反而不登顶，顶尖高手起步更晚，标题须体现“晚成”与“漫长道路”的反差，C 项以 Late Bloomers 为关键词并点出长路径，正确。A 项断言 1 万小时定律仍然成立，与文章质疑该定律的立场相反，属主旨反转；B 项把重点落在练习量是否足够，原文未给出量的标准，属无中生有；D 项只抓住峰值年龄这一支线内容，属以偏概全。故选 C。 Passage E The power of action is underestimated. We admire talent and opportunity, yet forget the simplest skill: turning a thought into a thing at hand. What shapes life is what we do, not what we think. Strong execution brings real happiness. Not every day runs smoothly, but completion itself, without hesitation or shelving, protects us from being eaten by what we could have done. I met a girl who embodied this spirit. One evening by the sea, she said, "I really want to watch the sunset right now." Most people would think, "I can do it tomorrow." She did not. She took my hand, walked quickly to the viewing platform, and watched the sun sink into the ocean. It took no more than twenty minutes. We barely spoke. Yet her eyes were full of light. In contrast, another friend lingered in "let's think about it." She wanted to learn a language, cook for her parents, go to an exhibition. Months passed, and she never started. When she signed up for the class, it was full; when she wanted the exhibition, it had closed. The wishes were real, but those that never landed became regret. Happiness hides on this simple path: when thought and action occur almost simultaneously, satisfaction often follows uninvited. Psychologists call this the "closure effect." The brain craves completion; when a wish lingers without landing, it occupies attention like an unread message, releasing low-grade anxiety. Acting quickly is therefore kindness to yourself, clearing psychological space. How is it cultivated? One method is the "Two-Minute Rule": anything doable in two minutes, do at once. Another is to make starting easy - put the book on your pillow, leave your running shoes by the door, write gratitude on a sticky note. Even a five-minute countdown stops "I'll do it later" from taking root. Ultimately, execution is not "self-discipline" but "the feeling of starting." Strong execution is not perfectionism; it is the decision to no longer let small joys slip through your fingers. Happiness is already waiting when you finish a small task, as if it had been there all along. 1．In Paragraph 3, what did the girl do after her wish? A. She took the writer to a platform and watched the sunset. B. She promised to watch it tomorrow, and asked the writer to wait. C. She asked the writer to join her for a sunset walk later. D. She said the sunset was not worth the walk and stayed put. 2．How is the passage organized around the two friends and "closure effect"? A. It opens with a definition, lists causes and ends with a story. B. It contrasts two friends, explains a theory, then offers advice. C. It narrates a travel story and comments on a friend's habit. D. It defines a term and quotes an expert's opinion about it. 3．According to the "closure effect", what happens to wishes that never land? A. They already turn into a silent regret in the heart. B. They no longer fade away once the owner stops thinking. C. They become easier to recall whenever new plans appear. D. They go on occupying attention and releasing quiet anxiety. 4．Which title best captures the claim that execution brings happiness? A. The Quiet Cost of Waiting to Begin B. Two Friends, Two Ways of Facing a Sunset C. Why Acting Fast Makes Life Feel Sweeter D. Learning to Begin: Two Minutes at a Time 【重难生词】 · underestimate /ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 低估；对……估计不足 · execution /ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃn/ n. 执行；实施；完成 · shelving /ˈʃelvɪŋ/ n. 搁置；把……搁在一边（shelve 的动名词） · embody /ɪmˈbɒdi/ v. 体现；具体表现（be embodied in） · linger /ˈlɪŋɡə(r)/ v. 徘徊；拖延；迟迟不行动 · closure /ˈkləʊʒə(r)/ n. 闭合；（心理上的）完成感、落定感 · uninvited /ˌʌnɪnˈvaɪtɪd/ adj. 未经邀请的；不请自来的 · cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v. 培养；养成 · resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ n. 阻力；抗拒；抵制 · countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n. 倒计时；读秒 · perfectionism /pəˈfekʃənɪzəm/ n. 完美主义 · slip through one's fingers /slɪp θruː wʌnz ˈfɪŋɡəz/ phr. 从指缝中溜走；错失良机 【长难句分析】 句 1：Not every day runs smoothly, but completion itself, without hesitation or shelving, protects us from being eaten by what we could have done. 参考译文：并非每一天都顺遂，但"完成"本身——没有犹豫，没有搁置——使我们不至于被那些本可以做到却未做的事慢慢吞噬。 句式结构分析：①主干：“否定—转折”框架：Not every day runs smoothly 与 but completion itself … protects us 并列。②关键修饰：without hesitation or shelving 为插入语起强调作用；what we could have done 为名词性从句作介词宾语；being eaten 为被动动名词短语。③阅读提示：抓住 protects 与 being eaten 这组对照即懂作者对拖延的警告。 句式仿写训练：Every plan meets resistance, but a first small step, taken without excuses, keeps us from being defeated by what we might have tried. 仿写译文：每个计划都会遇到阻力，但不带借口迈出的第一个小步，能使我们不至于被本可以尝试过的事击垮。 句 2：The brain craves completion; when a wish lingers without landing, it occupies attention like an unread message, releasing low-grade anxiety. 参考译文：大脑渴望完成；当一个愿望悬而未决时，它就像一条未读消息那样占据注意力，持续释放低度的焦虑。 句式结构分析：①主干：前一分句 The brain craves completion 为主谓宾；后一分句主干为 it occupies attention。②关键修饰：when a wish lingers without landing 为时间状语从句，without landing 与全文 never landed 呼应；like an unread message 为比喻；releasing low-grade anxiety 为结果状语。③阅读提示：“愿望—未读消息—焦虑”三层递进即闭合效应，抓住结果状语即可推结论。 句式仿写训练：The heart wants to be finished with something; while a plan stays unstarted, it keeps turning in the mind like a message never read, wearing out the attention. 仿写译文：内心渴望一件事有了着落；当一项计划迟迟未开始，它就像一条从未读过的消息在脑中反复转动，不断消耗注意力。 【答案】1．A　2．B　3．D　4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的散文。作者先用海边女孩"现在就想看日落"的片段说明立即行动的力量，又以一位总说"再想想"的朋友作反衬，引出心理学上的"闭合效应"，解释悬而未决的愿望为何持续消耗人；随后给出两分钟法则、五分钟倒计时与降低启动阻力的环境设计等方法，落到"执行力不是完美主义，而是不再让小确幸从指缝溜走"这一文眼。 【详解】 1．A（细节理解题）定位句“She took my hand, walked quickly to the viewing platform, and watched the sun sink into the ocean.”（她拉起我的手快步走向观景台看落日）可见她当即拉作者去看落日，A 项是这一动作链的释义转述，正确。B 项把作者口中“大多数人”的“I can do it tomorrow”当成了女孩的实际做法，而文中紧接着说“She did not”，属张冠李戴；C 项“约作者改日散步”纯属虚构，属无中生有；D 项“留在原地”与“Yet her eyes were full of light”相反，属是非倒置。故选 A。 2．B（文章结构题）第一、二段先立观点，第三段以海边的女孩作正面例证，第四段用“In contrast”引出总停留在“let's think about it”的朋友作反面对照，第五段借“closure effect”解释机制，第六、七段给出两分钟法则等建议，故全篇是“两人对照—机制解释—方法建议”三段式推进，B 项概括准确。A 项“先下定义再列原因最后讲故事”与实际语序恰好颠倒，属结构错位；C 项把文章压缩成一次旅行见闻加一句评论，忽略两大段落，属以偏概全；D 项只抓住一处术语引入，误把举例式引入当全文框架，属以局部代替整体。故选 B。 3．D（推理判断题）定位句“…when a wish lingers without landing, it occupies attention like an unread message, releasing low-grade anxiety.”（愿望悬而未决就像未读消息一样占据注意力，持续释放低度焦虑）表明未落地的愿望不会自行消失，D 项正是这一推论，正确。A 项“已变成心中无声的遗憾”是第四段那位朋友的结局，答非所问，属以偏概全；B 项“不再想它就会自行消散”与原文完全相反，属论点读反；C 项“新计划出现时反而更容易想起”文中无依据，属无据引申。故选 D。 4．C（主旨大意题(标题题)）标题题）。结尾“Strong execution is not perfectionism… no longer let small joys slip through your fingers.”（强执行力是决定不再让小确幸溜走）点明主旨是快速行动何以带来幸福感，C 项“Why Acting Fast Makes Life Feel Sweeter”既点出“快”又点出“甜”，扣题最全面。A 项只强调等待的代价，偏向问题面而非解决思路，属以偏概全；B 项把主旨锁死在海边这一处例证上，属以偏概全；D 项抓住两分钟法则这一具体方法，遗漏机制解释与情感主线，属以偏概全。故选 C。 Passage F China successfully launched a commercial remote-sensing satellite into orbit aboard a Ceres-1 sea-based rocket on Wednesday, marking a major step in the country's commercial space sector. The Ceres-1 rocket lifted off from waters near Shandong Province, placing the Xiguang Sihao 01 satellite into a low Earth orbit at an altitude of 541 kilometers, according to its developer, Galactic Energy. The mission was the seventh sea launch of the rocket, which has maintained a 100 percent success rate since its maiden flight in September 2023. Engineers have long argued that the sea, far from crowded airspace and falling debris zones, offers a safer path to orbit than land-based pads, and this flight again confirmed the point. What made the mission more than another launch was a new operational model, "land-based command and control, sea-based launch," used for the first time in Rizhao, where a shore-based command center was newly built. The center on land oversees system checks, countdown, launch commands and real-time monitoring of the rocket from liftoff through orbital insertion, while the rocket and the launch vessel remain offshore. Data reach it by high-speed links within seconds. Previously, command, data analysis and dispatch were all concentrated aboard the launch vessel, a cramped platform short of power and vulnerable to rough seas and broken communication links. The new arrangement reduces the constraints of vessel space, power supply, communications and sea conditions, while improving safety, reliability and scalability. Developed by Guangdong Tianyuan Technology, the Xiguang Sihao 01 satellite is the first of the Wuyang constellation. It will serve the Greater Bay Area, South China and low-latitude regions along the Maritime Silk Road, monitoring typhoons, red tides, crop growth and urban expansion in those areas. More satellites of the same series are planned for later launches this year. 1．What does the quoted phrase "land-based command and control, sea-based launch" imply? A. Tasks run only on shore, not on board. B. The vessel carries the rocket without control. C. Checks and commands come from the launch ship. D. Sea conditions set the timing of each launch step. 2．Why did the new model replace ship-based command, according to Paragraph 4? A. To give the launch vessel more room for extra satellites. B. To cut costs by keeping crews onshore during launch. C. To remove limits on space, power and communications. D. To make launch schedules easier to follow from shore. 3．What will the Xiguang Sihao 01 satellite do, according to Paragraph 5? A. Monitor typhoons and red tides for coastal farmers. B. Provide navigation and communication services for the Wuyang constellation. C. Carry out weather forecasting for coastal areas of South China. D. Serve coastal areas, monitoring storms, tides and urban growth. 4．What does the report's opening sentence mainly aim to present? A. To praise the personal courage of the country's launch engineers. B. To report a milestone in Chinese commercial spaceflight. C. To compare the Ceres-1 rocket with rival space launchers. D. To publicize the future satellite service plans of Wuyang. 【重难生词】 · remote-sensing /rɪˈməʊt ˌsensɪŋ/ adj. 遥感的 · orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ n. 轨道；使入轨 · altitude /ˈæltɪtjuːd/ n. 高度 · maiden flight /ˈmeɪdn flaɪt/ n. 首飞 · offshore /ˌɒfˈʃɔː/ adj. 离岸的；近海的 · countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n. 倒计时 · scalability /ˌskeɪləˈbɪləti/ n. 可扩展性 · dispatch /dɪˈspætʃ/ n. 调度 · constellation /ˌkɒnstəˈleɪʃn/ n. （卫星）星座 · red tide /red taɪd/ n. 赤潮 · low-latitude /ˌləʊ ˈlætɪtjuːd/ adj. 低纬度的 · scaled-up /ˌskeɪld ˈʌp/ adj. 规模化的 【长难句分析】 句 1：The center on land oversees system checks, countdown, launch commands and real-time monitoring of the rocket from liftoff through orbital insertion, while the rocket and the launch vessel remain offshore. 参考译文：陆地上的指挥中心负责飞行前的系统检查、倒计时、发射指令以及从点火到入轨全过程的实时监控，而火箭和发射船则留在海上。 句式结构分析：①主干：主语 The center on land，谓语 oversees，宾语为 system checks、countdown、launch commands 与 real-time monitoring 四个并列名词短语；while 引导对照状语从句。②关键修饰：on land 后置限定 center；real-time 以连字符作前置定语；from…through… 交代跨度；remain offshore 与 on land 形成海陆对照。③阅读提示：while 表分工而非先后，四个并列名词短语是采分点。 句式仿写训练：The station on the ground tracks the flight data and the video of the rocket from ignition through separation, while the mobile platform stays offshore to carry out the recovery. 仿写译文：地面站跟踪火箭从点火到分离全过程的数据和画面，而移动平台留在海上执行回收任务。 句 2：The new arrangement reduces the constraints of vessel space, power supply, communications and sea conditions, while improving safety, reliability and scalability. 参考译文：这一新安排减少了船舱空间、供电、通信和海况方面的制约，同时提升了安全性、可靠性和可扩展性。 句式结构分析：①主干：主语 The new arrangement，谓语 reduces，宾语 the constraints of…；后半句 while 与 reduces 并列作谓语，一降一升。②关键修饰：of 引出 vessel space、power supply、communications、sea conditions 四个并列名词；improving 后接 safety、reliability、scalability 三个并列名词。③阅读提示：抓住 reduces 与 improving 这对反向动词，即可判断此处是表对比的连接成分。 句式仿写训练：The new design eases the pressure caused by limited battery, unstable signals and rough weather, while cutting the cost of each mission. 仿写译文：新设计缓解了电池有限、信号不稳和天气恶劣带来的压力，同时降低了每次任务的成本。 句 3：It will serve the Greater Bay Area, South China and low-latitude regions along the Maritime Silk Road, monitoring typhoons, red tides, crop growth and urban expansion in those areas. 参考译文：它将服务于大湾区、华南以及海上丝绸之路沿线的低纬度地区，监测这些地区的台风、赤潮、作物生长和城市扩张。 句式结构分析：①主干：主语 It，谓语为 will serve 与 monitoring 两个并列成分。②关键修饰：serve 后接三个并列服务区域；monitoring 后接四个并列监测对象；low-latitude 以连字符作前置定语；along 引出范围，the Maritime Silk Road 表沿线分布。③阅读提示：前半说服务对象、后半说监测能力，抓住平行结构即可判断所需介词。 句式仿写训练：It will serve coastal cities and low-latitude regions along the route, detecting storms, oil spills and beach erosion in those areas. 仿写译文：它将服务于沿线沿海城市和低纬度地区，监测这些区域内的风暴、油污和海滩侵蚀。 【答案】1．A　2．C　3．D　4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道我国商业航天的一次海上发射：谷神星一号海上火箭将遥感卫星羲光四号01送入541公里低轨，这是该火箭的第七次海上发射，也是"陆上指挥、海上发射"新作业模式的首次启用。文中先交代发射概况与岸上指挥中心的新建，再对比说明旧有船载指挥在舱容、供电、通信与海况上的局限，以及新模式如何提升安全性、可靠性与可扩展性，最后介绍卫星作为午阳星座先导星的定位与服务区域。 【详解】 1．A（词义猜测题）文中以引号标出“land-based command and control, sea-based launch”，紧接着说明陆上指挥中心承担系统检查、倒计时、发射指令与实时监控，而火箭和发射船留在海上，可见该短语指把指挥类任务都放到岸上完成，A 项与这一线索完全吻合。B 项说船上只装载火箭而没有任何控制，与岸上中心负责倒计时矛盾，属张冠李戴；C 项说检查和指令都由发射船发出，而指令恰恰由岸上中心发出，属因果倒置；D 项说海况决定每个步骤的时机，海况只是旧模式的外部限制因素，属无据引申。故选 A。 2．C（推理判断题）定位句“…reduces the constraints of vessel space, power supply, communications and sea conditions…”（减少了船上空间、供电、通信和海况的限制）点出船载指挥被替换的动因是摆脱这几方面短板，C 项与这一推理链条一致。A 项说是为发射船腾出空间以搭载更多卫星，文中并未提及，属无中生有；B 项说是为降低成本并让人员留岸，原文既未提成本也未说人员留岸，属无中生有；D 项说是为让发射排期更好把握，而排期并非新模式要解决的问题，属因果倒置。故选 C。 3．D（细节理解题）定位句“…serve the Greater Bay Area, South China and low-latitude regions along the Maritime Silk Road, monitoring typhoons, red tides, crop growth and urban expansion…”把服务范围与监测对象都交代清楚，D 项最贴切。A 项说监测台风和赤潮是为了沿海农民，原文既未点明服务对象是农民，也未把范围限定在沿海，属无中生有；B 项说为午阳星座提供导航与通信服务，而先导星承载的是遥感监测任务，属张冠李戴；C 项把服务内容说成只为南方沿海做气象预报，原文并列的是多类遥感监测，属以偏概全。故选 D。 4．B（主旨大意题）导语“…marking a major step in the country's commercial space sector.”（标志着我国商业航天领域的重大一步）以及其后对第七次海上发射、百分百成功率、新模式与先导星任务的铺陈，落点始终是报道这一里程碑，B 项与之一致。A 项赞扬发射工程师的个人勇气，文中没有评价个人表现的文字，属无中生有；C 项把谷神星一号与竞争性海上发射火箭作比较，报道中没有竞品对比，属张冠李戴；D 项把目的说成宣传星座规划，而那只是报道内容的一部分，属目的错位。故选 B。 Passage G One mystery of the human heart concerns its nervous system, often called the heart's "mini brain": scientists have long known it manages heart rate, but not how it works. A mouse study in Cell sheds new light on the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS), a network of about 40,000 neurons in the fat pads around the heart, suggesting this "mini brain" is essential for survival. The ICNS was once a relay station for the autonomic nervous system, which handles unconscious tasks like heartbeat and breathing. Yet the study found it does much more: it actively regulates cardiac function through two populations of neurons. Npy+ ones keep normal performance steady, while Ddah1+ neurons guard the heart against arrhythmias under stress. "Without these local neural circuits, the heart cannot properly adapt to changing physiological demands," explains Rui Chang of Yale University School of Medicine. Its neurons talk to each other and to neurons controlled by the central nervous system, and their activity is independent of changes in the body. "These signals are bidirectional — the brain and the heart talk to each other," says cardiologist Majid Basit, who notes the heart can thus change faster. Basit says the ICNS maintains the right blood flow during exercise, emotion or posture, adjusts how hard the heart contracts, and keeps the beating rate in step with impulses. A heart that had to wait for instructions from the brain would always be a step behind. Understanding these complexities could inspire treatments for a faulty heart. Ideally, such therapies would modulate particular neural circuits rather than broadly stimulating the autonomic nervous system, avoiding the collateral damage current drugs bring. "Our work points toward selectively modulating the neurons involved in a particular cardiac function while preserving others," says Chang. Tools include electrical stimulation of nerve branches, focused ultrasound with drugs, vagal nerve stimulation, or gene therapy. Ultimately, scientists may harness the power of this "mini brain" to keep the heart working and fine-tune what is not. 1．What does "mini brain" in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. A name the researchers officially gave the heart's nerves. B. A small organ that pumps blood to the body. C. A structure whose working mechanisms are still largely unknown. D. A brain-like control system located inside the heart. 2．According to Paragraph 3, what do the two neuron populations do? A. One keeps performance steady; the other guards against stress arrhythmias. B. One controls the breathing rhythm; the other regulates conscious heartbeat. C. Both groups together supply about forty thousand neurons to the heart. D. One relays signals to the brain; the other responds to body changes. 3．According to Paragraph 5, what does the local control enable? A. The heart must wait for the brain before changing its rhythm. B. The heart can adjust without waiting for the brain's instructions. C. The brain and the heart send different kinds of signals. D. The heart relies on the brain to adjust its blood flow properly. 4．What is the main purpose of the whole passage? A. A mouse study proves that these heart nerves are useless to the body's survival. B. Doctors can use the "mini brain" to treat faulty hearts with precision. C. The "mini brain" is no longer a relay but actively regulates the heart. D. The study compares heart nerves with brain neurons to show that they work alike. 【重难生词】 · intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk/ adj. 固有的；内在的 · arrhythmia /əˈrɪðmiə/ n. 心律失常 · relay station /ˈriːleɪ ˌsteɪʃn/ n. 中继站 · subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. 潜意识的；无意识的 · physiological /ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生理的 · bidirectional /ˌbaɪdɪˈrekʃənl/ adj. 双向的 · posture /ˈpɒstʃə/ n. 姿势；体位 · collateral damage /kəˈlætərəl ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n. 附带损害 · vagus nerve /ˈveɪɡəs nɜːv/ n. 迷走神经 · cardiac /ˈkɑːdiæk/ adj. 心脏的 · fine-tune /ˌfaɪn ˈtjuːn/ v. 精细调节 · modulate /ˈmɒdjuleɪt/ v. 调节；调控 【长难句分析】 句 1：The ICNS was once a relay station for the autonomic nervous system, which handles unconscious tasks like heartbeat and breathing. 参考译文：固有心脏神经系统曾经只是自主神经系统的一个中继站，而自主神经系统负责处理心跳、呼吸等无意识活动。 句式结构分析：①主干：The ICNS was once a relay station 为系表结构，which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 the autonomic nervous system。②关键修饰：once 为时间副词，说明“只是中继站”是过去的看法；like heartbeat and breathing 作宾语举例。③阅读提示：本句是全文伏笔——先说“曾经只是”中继站，后文再推翻它。 句式仿写训练：The hippocampus was long treated as a passive storehouse, while later research showed that it actively rebuilds memories each night. 仿写译文：海马体长期以来只被当作被动的储藏室，而后来的研究表明，它每晚会主动重建记忆。 句 2："These signals are bidirectional — the brain and the heart talk to each other," says cardiologist Majid Basit, who notes the heart can thus change faster. 参考译文："这些信号是双向的——大脑与心脏彼此对话，"心脏病学家马吉德·巴西特说，他指出心脏因此能够更快地作出改变。 句式结构分析：①主干：These signals are bidirectional 为系表结构，破折号后为解释；says 引出直接引语。②关键修饰：引号内破折号承担解释功能；which 引导定语从句修饰 Basit，从句中 thus 承接前文双向交流这一前提。③阅读提示：bidirectional 是本段关键，正因信号双向，心脏才能不等中枢指令先作调整。 句式仿写训练："This feedback loop is two-way — the muscle and the brain keep adjusting to each other," notes the physiologist. 仿写译文："这一反馈回路是双向的——肌肉与大脑不断相互调整，"那位生理学家指出。 句 3：Understanding these complexities could inspire treatments for a faulty heart. Ideally, such therapies would modulate particular neural circuits rather than broadly stimulating the autonomic nervous system, avoiding the collateral damage current drugs bring. 参考译文：理解这些复杂性有望为心脏疾病带来新的治疗思路。理想情况下，这类疗法将调节特定神经回路，而非全面刺激自主神经系统，从而避免现有药物带来的附带损害。 句式结构分析：①主干：前一分句主语为动名词短语 Understanding these complexities，谓语 could inspire；后一分句为 would 虚拟语气句。②关键修饰：动名词短语作主语；rather than broadly stimulating… 为对比状语；avoiding the collateral damage current drugs bring 为结果状语，内含定语从句；Ideally 与 would 呼应。③阅读提示：由“可能性”转向“理想状态”，抓住 could 与 would 的语气层级差即可。 句式仿写训练：Understanding these pathways may open new treatments for stroke. Ideally, such drugs would block only the damaged vessels rather than dilating every artery in the brain. 仿写译文：理解这些通路可能为中风带来新的治疗方案。理想情况下，这类药物只会阻断受损血管，而不会扩张大脑的每一条动脉。 【答案】1．D　2．A　3．B　4．C 【导语】本文是一篇科普研究报道，介绍被称为心脏「迷你大脑」的固有心脏神经系统。文中报道《细胞》杂志发表的小鼠研究：分布在心脏脂肪垫中的约四万个神经元构成的网络对生命存活不可或缺，并首次表明它并非自主神经系统的中继站，而是通过两群神经元主动调节心脏功能；随后说明这种「迷你大脑」与中枢神经系统双向交流，可在运动、情绪、姿势变化中快速调整血流，并在结尾展望针对特定神经回路的精准疗法。 【详解】 1．D（词义猜测题）“mini brain”以英文双引号标出，是作者的比喻性称谓而非学名；结合首段“manages heart rate”与末段“驾驭这一迷你大脑来把心脏调校得更精细”可知，该词强调心脏内这套神经元网络像大脑一样承担自主调控功能，D 项最贴切。A 项说这是研究者正式命名，与双引号提示的比喻性质相悖，属无据引申；B 项把被比喻对象换成泵血器官，混淆了心脏本体与心脏神经系统，属张冠李戴；C 项“工作机制至今不明”来自同句“not how it works”的背景信息，属偷换概念。故选 D。 2．A（细节理解题）定位句“Npy+ ones keep normal performance steady, while Ddah1+ neurons guard the heart against arrhythmias under stress.”点明两类神经元的分工，A 项概括准确，正确。B 项把心跳和呼吸说成由“conscious heartbeat”处理，而原文明确该网络处理的是无意识任务，属张冠李戴；C 项把约四万个神经元这一整网的数量说成两类神经元的总和，属以偏概全；D 项沿用文中已被否定的“中继站”旧认知，属用已被推翻的观点作答。故选 A。 3．B（推理判断题）第五段末句“A heart that had to wait for instructions from the brain would always be a step behind.”以让步假设反衬局部神经回路的独立价值，可推知心脏无需等待大脑指令便能自行调整，B 项最贴切。A 项把作者虚拟的让步情形当成事实结论，方向与原文相反，且“必须等待”属过度绝对；C 项断言大脑与心脏发送不同种类的信号，文中只说信号双向流动，属无据引申；D 项认为心脏调控血流要依赖大脑，与该网络自主维持血流的表述相抵触，属因果倒置。故选 B。 4．C（主旨大意题(全文主旨题)）首段“…suggesting this ‘mini brain’ is essential for survival.”点明全文是围绕这一谜团展开的科普报道，C 项抓住“不再只是中继站、而是主动调节心脏”这一核心，覆盖发现、机制与展望各层，正确。A 项称心脏神经对存活无用，与首段“essential for survival”相反，属过度引申；B 项把尚处展望阶段的精准疗法写成医生可普遍实施的现实，属时态与范围双重错位；D 项称研究意在比较心脏神经与脑神经元以证明二者相似，文中只提到双向交流，属无中生有。故选 C。 Passage H In 1982, at nineteen, Eric Lejeusne joined A. Georges, expecting to stay a few months. He had never seen a pendulum press; he learned by hand until the movement came naturally to him, and the months turned into forty. In 2003 he left A. Georges, bought an old press and set it up as Atelier Lejeusne, where he kept 12,000 engraved steel blocks in a narrow room under the Palais Royal. Business was thin; yet his shop became France's last hand-stamping shop, stamping crests on official papers that print shops elsewhere no longer handled. In 2020 Ramdane Touhami, who had seen engraving workshops close one after another, bought the company and renamed it Papier Royal. He put the products online and watched orders from abroad arrive, yet the hand-stamping itself was left to two elderly workers. Nevertheless, when Lejeusne announced in 2022 that he would retire, the craft seemed to have no future. Lejeusne stayed six months to train Benoist Dallay and pass on what no manual could carry. "You have to repeat the gesture to achieve consistency," Dallay says. "It was never facts but sensations," he said, "how much ink, how paper answers to pressure." What he handed on was not a book but a gesture no manual can hold. Lejeusne felt freer, for the craft now belonged to someone else. He was not sorry; after all, a craft is worth what its hands are worth. Today the shop under the Palais Royal still smells of ink. Meanwhile, the blocks, inked and pressed each morning, still bear the crests of French presidents, some of them older than anyone who set them. Dallay calls the work not nostalgia but defiance: pendulum stamping gives paper a tactile presence that a laser printer cannot copy. "In this digitalized world, we are resisting." And Lejeusne sleeps well at night. 1．What did Lejeusne's shop keep doing despite thin business? A. It kept stamping crests on official papers B. It stamped crests on official papers C. It took online orders from buyers abroad D. It printed the papers that other shops refused 2．Why did the craft seem to have no future in 2022? A. Because the two elderly workers gave up B. Because foreign orders had stopped arriving C. Because its only skilled maker was retiring D. Because the company had been renamed Papier Royal 3．What does the word "resisting" mean in the last paragraph? A. Guarding something valuable from loss B. Refusing to accept a new reality here C. Struggling to survive a very hard period D. Acting against a strong incoming trend 4．What message does the whole passage convey about the craft? A. A fading craft lives when passed on B. Printing has pushed hand stamping aside C. Old crafts deserve better pay than new trades D. France should keep more of its workshops open 【重难生词】 · pendulum /ˈpendjələm/ n. 摆锤；摆 · balancier /balɑ̃sje/ n. 手压摆锤印章机（源自法语 balancier） · engraving /ɪnˈɡreɪvɪŋ/ n. 雕刻；雕版 · stationery /ˈsteɪʃənri/ n. 文具；信纸信封等文具用品 · monogram /ˈmɒnəɡræm/ n. 花押字母；连字徽记 · retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ v. 退休；退出（职业生涯） · apprentice /əˈprentɪs/ n. 学徒；徒弟 · consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性；稳定度 · pigment /ˈpɪɡmənt/ n. 颜料；色料 · impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ n. 压印的痕迹；印记 · tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 触觉的；有触感实感的 · resist /rɪˈzɪst/ v. 抵制；抗拒 【长难句分析】 句 1："You have to repeat the gesture to achieve consistency," Dallay says. 参考译文："你必须重复这个动作才能稳定，"达莱说。 句式结构分析：①主干：外层为主语 Dallay 加谓语 says 的引述结构，直接引语作宾语。②关键修饰：引语内 You have to repeat the gesture to achieve consistency 为主谓宾加情态动词结构，to achieve consistency 为目的状语。③阅读提示：这是全文“技艺是感性的而非知识性的”所在，抓住 repeat the gesture 即抓到主旨。 句式仿写训练："You have to keep the same pressure to keep the same colour," the old printer said. "The page tells you before the ink does." 仿写译文："你必须保持同样的压力，才能保持同样的颜色，"那位老印刷师说，"纸会比墨更早告诉你答案。" 句 2：In 2020 Ramdane Touhami, who had seen engraving workshops close one after another, bought the company and renamed it Papier Royal. 参考译文：2020年，曾眼看着雕刻工坊一家家关门、拉姆丹·图阿米买下了这家公司，并把它改名为 Papier Royal。 句式结构分析：①主干：主句为两个并列谓语 bought the company and renamed it Papier Royal，共享主语 Ramdane Touhami；In 2020 为句首时间状语。②关键修饰：who had seen engraving workshops close one after another 为非限制性定语从句，从句用过去完成时表经历更早，close 为不带 to 的不定式作宾补。③阅读提示：定语从句交代接手动机，与下一段“no future”的危机形成反差，是全文转机支点。 句式仿写训练："In 2022, when the last of the old workshops finally closed, the young printer took over the workshop and renamed it after the street where it stood." 仿写译文："2022年，当最后几家老工坊终于关门时，那位年轻的印刷师接手了这间作坊，并以它所在街道的名字为它重新命名。" 【答案】1．B　2．C　3．D　4．A 【导语】本文是一则关于法国手工摆锤印章传人埃里克·勒热纳的记叙文。文中记叙他十九岁进入 A. Georges 印章铺，本打算只待几个月，却因沉迷于手感而留了下来；二十一岁自立门户、生意冷清却成了法国最后一家手工盖章铺；2020年公司被改组，2022年他宣布退休，技艺一度无人接续。最终他用六个月带出学徒贝努瓦斯特·达莱，把"任何手册都无法承载的动作"传了下去，而达莱将这份工作称为数字时代的抗争。 【详解】 1．B（细节理解题）定位句“Business was thin; yet his shop became France's last hand-stamping shop…”（生意冷清；然而他的铺子成了法国最后一家手工盖章铺）表明冷清并未改变其盖章业务，B 项与原文表述完全吻合。A 项用“不再”否定了原文明确写到的盖章业务，属无据否定；C 项把 2020 年 Touhami 上网接单的情节挪到勒热纳的铺子上，属张冠李戴；D 项把“盖章”偷换成承接印刷并夸大为“其他店拒绝的纸张”，属无据引申。故选 B。 2．C（推理判断题）定位句“…when Lejeusne announced in 2022 that he would retire, the craft seemed to have no future.”表明技艺的存续全系于他一人，退职即意味着传承断裂，C 项准确概括了这一因果链。A 项中“放弃”原文只说把活儿交给两位年迈工人，并非他们退出，且与退休无因果联系，属因果倒置；B 项与第三段“海外订单纷至沓来”相悖，属张冠李戴；D 项中改名发生在 2020 年，与技艺前景无因果关系，属无据引申。故选 C。 3．D（词义猜测题）末段“In this digitalized world, we are resisting.”与前文“这门手艺不是怀旧而是反抗”相呼应，可见 resisting 指向以传统手工对抗数字化浪潮这一时代趋势，而非单纯的拒绝或艰难维持，D 项与这一语境线索吻合。A 项落在“保护珍贵之物”，把对象偷换成技艺本身，属以偏概全；B 项停在“拒绝接受新现实”，未体现主动对抗而非被动排斥，属过度引申；C 项强调“艰难熬过困难时期”，原文并无经济困顿之意，属无据引申。故选 D。 4．A（主旨大意题(全文主旨题)）末句“What he handed on was not a book but a gesture no manual can hold.”表明全文由学艺、守业、易主与退休的危机写到带徒传艺，核心是一门濒危的技艺唯有通过双手传递才能存续，A 项“靠传承得以延续”与末段学徒每日蘸墨压印相印证，正确。B 项“数字印刷把手工盖章挤到一边”与末段“老印版每天仍被压上法国总统纹章”相悖，属张冠李戴；C 项把话题转向薪酬，落点在原文未涉及的分配问题，属无据引申；D 项把作者叙述转写为主张，原文未作此呼吁，属过度引申。故选 A。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027高考英语热点时文话题阅读 06 身心健康与认知探索 科技前沿与生态气候 人才成长与文化传承 篇章 主题 语篇导读 Passage A 大脑休息机制与注意力恢复 文章通过对比办公室两人的工作状态，解释大脑需要减少刺激输入才能真正恢复注意力与巩固记忆，指出好休息在于“更少刺激”而非“更多填满”，呼吁保护大脑的恢复质量。 Passage B 屏幕时间、信息过载与真实休息 文章剖析了刷手机看似休息却让人更疲惫的原因——无限信息流缺乏结束信号且引发情绪波动，指出屏幕时间报告掩盖了活动本质的差异，提醒人们警惕“虚假休息”，真正关注手机之外的现实生活。 Passage C 超强厄尔尼诺与海洋生态风险 报道指出热带太平洋正形成有记录以来最强厄尔尼诺事件，预计2027年春夏对中国气候影响显著；专家提醒除气象灾害外，还应高度警惕海洋生态受损及渔业养殖的滞后风险，呼吁提前监测与防范。 Passage D “一万小时定律”与顶尖人才成长路径 《科学》杂志研究颠覆了“刻意练习成就大师”的传统认知，发现童年最显潜力的孩子成年后往往难登顶，而世界级大师起步更晚、早期多项目涉猎；文章探讨了通往卓越的曲折路径，指出长路中坚持与抗压才是区分卓越与天赋的关键。 Passage E 克服拖延的“闭合效应”与行动力 文章以海边女孩和犹豫不决的朋友作对比，引出心理学中的“闭合效应”，解释悬而未决的愿望为何会持续消耗注意力、释放焦虑；并提出“两分钟法则”等降低启动阻力的方法，鼓励以即刻行动拥抱生活。 Passage F 商业航天“陆上指挥、海上发射”新突破 中国谷神星一号火箭在山东附近海域成功发射遥感卫星，首次采用“陆上指挥、海上发射”新模式。该模式摆脱了船舱空间、供电与通信等限制，提升了安全与效率，标志着中国商业航天迈出重要一步。 Passage G 心脏“迷你大脑”与精准医疗前景 《细胞》杂志的小鼠研究颠覆了心脏神经仅是“中继站”的认知，发现心脏固有神经系统能主动调节心律并与大脑双向交流。该发现有望推动靶向特定神经回路的精准疗法，避免传统药物带来的附带损害。 Passage H 法国最后一家手工印章店的传承与坚守 文章记述法国手工印章师 Eric Lejeusne 坚守四十年的故事。在数字化浪潮与老铺纷纷关门的背景下，他在退休前将无法用文字记载的“手感”传给年轻学徒，展现了传统手工技艺在现代社会中的倔强生存与传承。 Passage A At three in the afternoon, two people may look equally busy. One keeps switching between messages, documents and unfinished tasks, eating lunch at the desk. The other closes the laptop, walks downstairs and comes back without having "achieved" anything during the break. By evening, the difference becomes visible: the first is still working but reading the same paragraph twice, while the second still has enough attention left for a conversation, a book, or a decision that requires patience. We tend to judge rest by how much time it takes away from work. The brain experiences it differently. Attention cannot remain equally sharp for unlimited periods, and sleep loss makes sustained attention worse, while rest breaks can restore some of the lost performance. The brain also needs periods in which no new information is arriving, and a quiet walk or several minutes with closed eyes can create such a gap. Research on waking rest suggests that these empty periods help newly formed memories become more stable. This helps explain why filling every spare minute with stimulation can feel strangely exhausting. Many people stop working but never give their attention a real break, moving from a spreadsheet to short videos, from a meeting to social media, from a task to twenty new pieces of information. The activity changes, but the stream of input continues, and good rest often contains less stimulation, not more. The connection with a "younger" brain needs to be understood carefully, since no ten-minute walk can reverse biological aging. Yet sleep and recovery are linked with the abilities people associate with feeling mentally young: steady attention, memory, flexibility and staying engaged without becoming quickly exhausted. Research on aging also links poor sleep with worse cognitive outcomes, although the two influence each other in complicated ways. Perhaps the useful question is not how many hours we can force ourselves to remain productive, but how often we allow the brain to recover before exhaustion becomes normal. The person who takes a walk may appear to have lost time, yet may actually be protecting the quality of the hours left. 1．How does Paragraph 3 relate to the scene in Paragraph 1? A. It offers a practical way to measure the difference. B. It repeats the opening scene with a new example. C. It explains the reasons behind the observed contrast. D. It introduces another pair of contrasting busy people. 2．According to Paragraph 2, what do rest breaks help the brain recover? A. the attention performance that sleep loss weakens sharply B. the sleep hours that busy people lose at work C. the memories that the brain stores during quiet gaps D. the aging that a short walk can never reverse 3．Which inference about task-switchers does Paragraph 3 support? A. feel more productive than the walker who steps away B. keep the mind busy without letting it recover C. recover more attention than a person who stops D. grow more tired after ten minutes of real quiet 4．Which statement best fits the argument from first scene to closing question? A. Ten-minute walks are the quickest way to reverse aging. B. Rest is valued because it frees extra working time. C. The brain works best when it receives many new inputs. D. Good rest protects attention, memory and the aging brain. 【重难生词】 · fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ n. 疲劳，劳累 · sustained /səˈsteɪnd/ adj. 持续的；保持的 · gap /ɡæp/ n. 间隙，空档；缺口 · stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳固的，稳定的 · stimulation /ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 刺激，刺激物 · spreadsheet /ˈspredʃiːt/ n. 电子表格 · reverse /rɪˈvɜːrs/ v. 逆转，扭转；颠倒 · cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的，认识的 · flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性；变通性 · biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物学的；生物体的 · recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n. 恢复，康复 【长难句分析】 句 1：By evening, the difference becomes visible: the first is still working but reading the same paragraph twice, while the second still has enough attention left for a conversation, a book, or a decision that requires patience. 参考译文：到了晚上，差别就显现出来：第一个人还在工作，却把同一段话读了两遍；第二个人虽然离开桌子更久，却还剩下足够的注意力去交谈、去读书，或去做一个需要耐心的决定。 句式结构分析：①主干：the difference becomes visible 为系表结构，冒号后为解释部分。②关键修饰：still working 是现在分词作伴随状语，but 表转折，while 表对比；left 是过去分词作后置定语；that requires patience 是定语从句修饰 decision。③阅读提示：冒号即解释信号，while 提示作比较而非找因果。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：到了九点，差别就清楚了：第一个读者还在翻页却记不住一行字，第二个已经合上书并且能谈论书中的主要论点。 句 2：Attention cannot remain equally sharp for unlimited periods, and sleep loss makes sustained attention worse, while rest breaks can restore some of the lost performance. 参考译文：注意力不可能在无限的时间里保持同样敏锐；睡眠不足会使持续的注意力变差，而休息间歇能恢复一部分因此丧失的表现力。 句式结构分析：①主干：Attention cannot remain equally sharp，for unlimited periods 作时间状语。②关键修饰：and 连接三个并列分句；worse 作比较级作宾补；while 表对比，the lost performance 中 the lost 为过去分词作定语。③阅读提示：while 是让步转折而非并列因果，抓住 cannot 与 while 两条线索即可分清两层意思。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：屏幕不可能永远亮着，疯狂刷手机会让慢读变得更难，而在公园里散一会儿步能找回一部分失去的耐心。 句 3：Perhaps the useful question is not how many hours we can force ourselves to remain productive, but how often we allow the brain to recover before exhaustion becomes normal. 参考译文：或许有用的问题不是我们能逼迫自己保持高产多少小时，而是我们多久才允许大脑在疲惫变成常态之前恢复一次。 句式结构分析：①主干：not A but B 并列结构，共享主语 the useful question 与系动词 is。②关键修饰：how many hours、how often 各引导名词性从句作表语；force somebody to do something 为使役结构；before exhaustion becomes normal 为时间状语从句。③阅读提示：not 与 but 必须合读，作者问的是多久让大脑恢复一次，而非能工作多久。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：或许有用的问题不是我们今晚能逼迫自己读完多少页，而是我们多久才允许大脑走神，直到阅读变得枯燥。 Passage B The worst moment arrives after the screen goes dark. Nearly an hour has disappeared. Your eyes feel dry, your neck is stiff, and your mind is still moving as if many conversations were happening inside it. You opened the phone because you were tired and wanted a break. The body asked for a pause, and the hand answered with more stimulation. So scrolling can look like rest while leaving us more exhausted: we stop the task, though the mind never slows down. Most daily experiences have a visible shape. A conversation slows down, a chapter ends, a walk arrives. These endings tell the mind that it can release its attention. An infinite feed offers no such signal: every swipe creates another beginning, and another chance waits below the current post. The reward may never arrive, yet the promise of it rarely disappears. Within a few minutes we can laugh at a joke, feel disturbed by a tragedy and become anxious about our own future, each emotion arriving before the last has settled. Social media places hundreds of lives beside our own: one is travelling, another has an offer, someone has rebuilt their body. Our own day may contain laundry and unfinished assignments, and beside the brightest moments of other lives they begin to look like signs of failure. Research on screen time has never produced one simple answer, because all screen time is placed inside the same number. Talking to a loved one and watching random clips may each appear in a screen-time report, even though they leave the mind in different conditions. The more useful question is what happens after we close an app. Sometimes the phone replaces sleep, movement or an honest conversation. A more honest moment appears when useful phone use turns into automatic movement: interest has gone, the thumb continues, and we wait for the feed to choose another emotion for us. That moment is an exit: a break has stopped feeling like a break. Perhaps we were never asking for more entertainment. We were tired, "overstimulated" and unwilling to sit with the silence waiting underneath. 1．According to Paragraph 3, what does an infinite feed fail to offer? A. the promise of a reward that may not arrive B. a clear sign that the mind may slow down C. any signal telling the mind to release attention D. enough reasons for the thumb to stop moving 2．What does Paragraph 6 imply about screen-time reports? A. they treat quite different daily activities as equivalent B. they measure the hours people spend on each app C. they hide the harmful effects of heavy scrolling D. they provide a fair test of digital well-being 3．The word "overstimulated" in the last paragraph most probably means A. unable to accept what has just happened B. disturbed by an excessive amount of input C. tired of the silence underneath the noise D. eager for the next item in the feed 4．From the screen-time report to the final exit, the author aims to A. describe the many effects of endless social media updates B. prove that screen time harms happiness across the board C. recommend that each social media app be deleted outright D. invite readers to weigh what phones take away 【重难生词】 · stiff /stɪf/ adj. 僵硬的；酸痛的 · stimulation /ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 刺激，刺激物 · exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ adj. 精疲力竭的 · infinite /ˈɪnfɪnət/ adj. 无限的，无穷无尽的 · feed /fiːd/ n. 信息流；推送内容 · swipe /swaɪp/ v. 滑动，划过 · residue /ˈrezɪduː/ n. 残留物；余留的影响 · envy /ˈenvi/ n. 嫉妒，羡慕 · restless /ˈrestləs/ adj. 焦躁不安的 · anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ adj. 焦虑的；渴望的 · underneath /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/ prep./adv. 在……下面；潜藏在下面的 · equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ adj. 等同的；相当的 【长难句分析】 句 1：So scrolling can look like rest while leaving us more exhausted: we stop the task, though the mind never slows down. 参考译文：所以，刷手机看上去像休息，却让我们更加疲惫：任务停了，而大脑从没有慢下来。 句式结构分析：①主干：scrolling can look like rest，can 为情态动词，look like 后接介词短语作表语。②关键修饰：while leaving us more exhausted 为现在分词作伴随状语；冒号后为解释部分，though 引导让步状语从句，never 为否定副词。③阅读提示：冒号是解释信号，though 提示让步转折，重点落在 never slows down 上。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：所以，一次短途散步看上去像是浪费时间，却让我们更平静：我们离开了桌子，可那份担心还跟了我们一会儿。 句 2：A more honest moment appears when useful phone use turns into automatic movement: interest has gone, the thumb continues, and we wait for the feed to choose another emotion for us. 参考译文：当有用的手机使用悄悄变成自动的动作时，一个更诚实的时刻出现了：兴趣已经消失，拇指仍在滑动，而我们等着信息流替我们挑选下一种情绪。 句式结构分析：①主干：A more honest moment appears，when 引导时间状语从句，从句为 useful phone use turns into automatic movement。②关键修饰：冒号后三个并列分句解释 automatic movement；has gone 为现在完成时；wait for the feed to choose… 中 to choose 为省略 to 的不定式作宾补。③阅读提示：三个并列分句是展开说明，末句较长，应先锁主句谓语 wait，再回看宾语。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：当客气的交谈变成空洞的寒暄时，一个更清楚的时刻出现了：话说完了，手机亮起，我们便去找一条要发的消息。 Passage C A record-breaking El Nino event is developing in the tropical Pacific and could bring climate and marine risks to China in the spring and summer of 2027. According to China's National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, the central and eastern equatorial Pacific entered an El Nino phase in May and strengthened. By September, the sea surface temperature anomaly in the Nino 3.4 region had reached +2.84 C, staying above the El Nino threshold of +0.5 C for five consecutive months. The event is expected to peak in November or December, with the Nino 3.4 index reaching around +3.5 C and the Nino 3 index exceeding +4 C, making it the strongest event since systematic observations began. Jiang Hua, the center's chief forecaster, said the Nino 3 index will exceed +4 C and that the event could persist until April or May 2027. The second strongest was in 1997-98, when the peak reached +3 C. El Nino occurs every two to seven years, and its effects on global temperatures often appear most fully in the year after its formation. As events mature at year-end and the ocean needs time to respond, the current event's most significant effects on China's climate are expected in the spring and summer of 2027. The risks reach beyond weather-related disasters to marine ecosystems and fisheries. Persistently high sea temperatures reduce dissolved oxygen, stressing the respiration of fish, shrimp, crabs and shellfish. Marine larvae are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures combined with low oxygen. The effects are already emerging in fishing grounds off Peru and Ecuador, where marine ecosystems respond relatively quickly to El Nino conditions. In China's coastal waters, harm to fisheries and aquaculture may emerge later and grow more pronounced in 2027. "People have traditionally paid more attention to weather-related disasters, while other types have received less attention," Jiang said. "It is important to recognize that marine, geological, ecological and cryospheric hazards also pose risks, not just meteorological disasters." He advised the public to follow forecasts and prepare in advance, and urged fishing and aquaculture industries to monitor ocean conditions before spring and summer 2027. 1．Why are marine larvae especially vulnerable in El Nino conditions? A. They die young because ocean currents shift toward the north. B. They suffer from high temperatures combined with low oxygen. C. They develop faster in warm seawater than in cold seawater. D. They need far more oxygen than warm seawater can provide. 2．Why may Chinese fisheries feel El Nino later than Peruvian ones? A. Peru and Ecuador lie much farther from the equator than China. B. Chinese aquaculture depends far less on the ocean than Peruvian fisheries. C. Marine ecosystems in China's coastal waters respond to El Nino more slowly. D. The El Nino event reaches Chinese waters two years later than in Peru. 3．How does Jiang Hua view the public's focus on El Nino risks? A. Weather disasters deserve the greatest attention people pay to El Nino. B. Marine and geological hazards are far more predictable than weather-related ones. C. The public has long been well prepared for the non-weather hazards. D. The public should pay the greatest attention to non-weather hazards. 4．Why does the report tell readers to prepare in advance? A. To warn that China needs preparation for varied El Nino risks. B. To compare the current El Nino event with the one in 1997-98. C. To explain the rise in sea temperatures during this El Nino event. D. To report on recent fishing conditions near Peru and Ecuador this year. 【重难生词】 · anomaly /əˈnɒməli/ n. 距平；异常（值） · threshold /ˈθreʃhəʊld/ n. 门限；阈值 · forecaster /ˈfɔːkeɪkə(r)/ n. 预报员 · persist /pəˈsɪst/ v. 持续；延续 · dissolved /dɪˈzɒlvd/ adj. （氧气等）溶解的 · respiration /ˌrespəˈreɪʃn/ n. 呼吸；呼吸作用 · larva /ˈlɑːvə/ n. 幼体；幼虫（复数 larvae） · vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj. 脆弱的；易受伤害的 · distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 分布 · aquaculture /ˈækwəkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 水产养殖 · pronounced /prəˈnaʊnst/ adj. 显著的；明显的 · cryospheric /ˌkraɪəˈsfɪərɪk/ adj. 冰冻圈的 · hazard /ˈhæzəd/ n. 灾害；危险 【长难句分析】 句 1：As events mature at year-end and the ocean needs time to respond, the current event's most significant effects on China's climate are expected in the spring and summer of 2027. 参考译文：由于厄尔尼诺事件在年末趋于成熟，而海洋环流作出反应需要时间，本次事件对中国气候最显著的影响预计将出现在2027年的春夏两季。 句式结构分析：①主干：the current event's most significant effects are expected in the spring and summer of 2027 为被动结构，As 引导原因状语从句。②关键修饰：从句内 as events mature at year-end 与 the ocean needs time to respond 为两个并列小句，一交代时点、一说明响应滞后。③阅读提示：As 引导的是原因而非时间，年份落在主句，不要被从句里的 year-end 带走。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：由于风暴在近岸减弱且潮水仍在消退，这次对港口的损害预计将在明年春天才完全显现。 句 2：The effects are already emerging in fishing grounds off Peru and Ecuador, where marine ecosystems respond relatively quickly to El Nino conditions. 参考译文：影响已在秘鲁和厄瓜多尔外海的渔场显现出来，那里的海洋生态对厄尔尼诺条件反应相对较快。 句式结构分析：①主干：The effects are already emerging 为带进行体的被动谓语，in fishing grounds off Peru and Ecuador 为地点状语。②关键修饰：where 引导定语从句修饰前面的渔场，复指这一范围；marine ecosystems 为主语，relatively quickly 为状语。③阅读提示：where 从句常被误读成并列分句，把“响应快”错配给整个亚洲。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：这些迹象在山边的湖泊中已经显现，那里的水位变化比低洼地区快得多。 Passage D What does it take to become the best at something? The answer may not lie in early childhood excellence or in lifelong, laser-focused dedication. According to research published in Science, the path to top performance may involve a good deal more meandering. Researchers who study sports, chess and classical music found something counterintuitive: children who show the greatest promise in a discipline rarely become its top performers as adults. The finding pushes against the 10,000-hour rule, the idea that anyone who logs10,000 hours of deliberate practice becomes a master. "Compared with national-level performers, world-class performers started their discipline later," says Brooke Macnamara, a psychologist at Purdue University. "They stay in multiple activities early on and accumulate less practice in their own discipline, and they pay a price for that variety." The rule rested on a 1993 study of violin students who had each logged an average of 10,000 hours by age 20, yet never became world-class performers. "This pattern does not sit well with deliberate practice theory," Macnamara says. "So many coaches still push kids to specialize in a single sport, but the evidence points the other way." David Z. Hambrick, a psychologist at Michigan State University and a co-author of the paper, admits he was surprised by the result. "I had never really compared training in one discipline with training in many." The findings do not mean practice is unimportant. Edson Filho, who studies performance psychology at Boston University and was not involved in the research, notes that peak ages differ by sport, gymnastics being a clear case. He also points out that the study leaves out money and coaching, which influence who rises to the top. "Being world-class means holding your level when conditions are worst," he says. On a long road to mastery, children burn out, lose interest and face the toughest tests, so keeping a high level under the hardest conditions is what separates the durable from the merely talented. 1．What does the Science research imply about children who shine early? A. Their childhood talent is a better predictor than practice hours. B. They often need more training time than their slower peers. C. Their early success usually depends on support from good coaches. D. Such early promise may not turn into world-class mastery. 2．What did the 1993 violin study on the 10,000-hour rule show? A. Its violin students had practiced about 10,000 hours by twenty. B. Its violin students went on to become world-class performers later. C. Early specialization predicted success far better than practice time did. D. Its violin students trained mostly in several disciplines at once. 3．How does Macnamara view coaches who push early specialization? A. She believes such coaches simply ignore the new evidence. B. She thinks they contradict what the new evidence shows. C. She admits that single-sport training does make real champions. D. She argues that children may choose any one sport early. 4．Which title best summarizes the Science report on excellence? A. Training Hours: Why the 10,000-Hour Rule Still Holds Up B. Elite Performers: How Much Practice Is Really Enough Now C. Late Bloomers: Why the Longest Road to Greatness Differs D. Peak Age: When the Strongest Champions Reach Their Best 【重难生词】 · meandering /miˈændərɪŋ/ n. 曲折；绕行 · counterintuitive /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/ adj. 反直觉的；违反常理的 · discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. （训练）项目；专业 · log /lɒɡ/ v. 累计（时数）；记录 · deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərət/ adj. 刻意进行的；专意的 · specialize /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ v. 专门从事；专攻 · peak /piːk/ n./v. 巅峰；达到高峰 · co-author /ˌkəʊ ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 合著者 · gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ n. 体操 · burn out /ˌbɜːn ˈaʊt/ phr. 精疲力竭；热情耗尽 · durable /ˈdjʊərəbl/ adj. 持久的；能坚持到底的 · merely /ˈmɪəli/ adv. 仅仅；只不过 · mastery /ˈmɑːstəri/ n. 精通；掌握 【长难句分析】 句 1：On a long road to mastery, children burn out, lose interest and face the toughest tests, so keeping a high level under the hardest conditions is what separates the durable from the merely talented. 参考译文：在通往精通的漫长道路上，孩子会精疲力竭、失去兴趣、面对最严苛的考验，因此能否在最难条件下保持高水平，正是把能坚持到底的人与仅仅有天赋的人区分开来的关键。 句式结构分析：①主干：so 引导结果状语从句，谓语为 what separates the durable from the merely talented。②关键修饰：On a long road to mastery 为介词短语作状语；children burn out, lose interest and face the toughest tests 为三个并列动词短语；durable 与 merely talented 对举。③阅读提示：焦点在 so 之后的 what 从句，落点是“能否坚持”而非“练了多久”。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：在通往流利的漫长道路上，学习者会陷入停滞、失去信心、面对大量复习，因此能否在繁忙的几周里保持从容的节奏，正是把稳健者与急躁者区分开的关键。 句 2："Compared with national-level performers, world-class performers started their discipline later," says Brooke Macnamara, a psychologist at Purdue University. 参考译文：普渡大学的心理学家布鲁克·麦克纳马拉说："与那些只达到国家级水平的选手相比，世界级选手开始训练本项目的时间更晚。" 句式结构分析：①主干：引语主干为 world-class performers started their discipline later。②关键修饰：Compared with national-level performers 为过去分词短语作状语，比较基准前置；says 后接说话人身份 a psychologist at Purdue University，属交代消息来源。③阅读提示：引语与身份要分开读，别把身份误当成对比的一方。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：上海一家设计工作室的一位设计师说："与业余画者相比，职业插画师完成第一系列作品的时间更晚。" Passage E The power of action is underestimated. We admire talent and opportunity, yet forget the simplest skill: turning a thought into a thing at hand. What shapes life is what we do, not what we think. Strong execution brings real happiness. Not every day runs smoothly, but completion itself, without hesitation or shelving, protects us from being eaten by what we could have done. I met a girl who embodied this spirit. One evening by the sea, she said, "I really want to watch the sunset right now." Most people would think, "I can do it tomorrow." She did not. She took my hand, walked quickly to the viewing platform, and watched the sun sink into the ocean. It took no more than twenty minutes. We barely spoke. Yet her eyes were full of light. In contrast, another friend lingered in "let's think about it." She wanted to learn a language, cook for her parents, go to an exhibition. Months passed, and she never started. When she signed up for the class, it was full; when she wanted the exhibition, it had closed. The wishes were real, but those that never landed became regret. Happiness hides on this simple path: when thought and action occur almost simultaneously, satisfaction often follows uninvited. Psychologists call this the "closure effect." The brain craves completion; when a wish lingers without landing, it occupies attention like an unread message, releasing low-grade anxiety. Acting quickly is therefore kindness to yourself, clearing psychological space. How is it cultivated? One method is the "Two-Minute Rule": anything doable in two minutes, do at once. Another is to make starting easy - put the book on your pillow, leave your running shoes by the door, write gratitude on a sticky note. Even a five-minute countdown stops "I'll do it later" from taking root. Ultimately, execution is not "self-discipline" but "the feeling of starting." Strong execution is not perfectionism; it is the decision to no longer let small joys slip through your fingers. Happiness is already waiting when you finish a small task, as if it had been there all along. 1．In Paragraph 3, what did the girl do after her wish? A. She took the writer to a platform and watched the sunset. B. She promised to watch it tomorrow, and asked the writer to wait. C. She asked the writer to join her for a sunset walk later. D. She said the sunset was not worth the walk and stayed put. 2．How is the passage organized around the two friends and "closure effect"? A. It opens with a definition, lists causes and ends with a story. B. It contrasts two friends, explains a theory, then offers advice. C. It narrates a travel story and comments on a friend's habit. D. It defines a term and quotes an expert's opinion about it. 3．According to the "closure effect", what happens to wishes that never land? A. They already turn into a silent regret in the heart. B. They no longer fade away once the owner stops thinking. C. They become easier to recall whenever new plans appear. D. They go on occupying attention and releasing quiet anxiety. 4．Which title best captures the claim that execution brings happiness? A. The Quiet Cost of Waiting to Begin B. Two Friends, Two Ways of Facing a Sunset C. Why Acting Fast Makes Life Feel Sweeter D. Learning to Begin: Two Minutes at a Time 【重难生词】 · underestimate /ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 低估；对……估计不足 · execution /ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃn/ n. 执行；实施；完成 · shelving /ˈʃelvɪŋ/ n. 搁置；把……搁在一边（shelve 的动名词） · embody /ɪmˈbɒdi/ v. 体现；具体表现（be embodied in） · linger /ˈlɪŋɡə(r)/ v. 徘徊；拖延；迟迟不行动 · closure /ˈkləʊʒə(r)/ n. 闭合；（心理上的）完成感、落定感 · uninvited /ˌʌnɪnˈvaɪtɪd/ adj. 未经邀请的；不请自来的 · cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v. 培养；养成 · resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ n. 阻力；抗拒；抵制 · countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n. 倒计时；读秒 · perfectionism /pəˈfekʃənɪzəm/ n. 完美主义 · slip through one's fingers /slɪp θruː wʌnz ˈfɪŋɡəz/ phr. 从指缝中溜走；错失良机 【长难句分析】 句 1：Not every day runs smoothly, but completion itself, without hesitation or shelving, protects us from being eaten by what we could have done. 参考译文：并非每一天都顺遂，但"完成"本身——没有犹豫，没有搁置——使我们不至于被那些本可以做到却未做的事慢慢吞噬。 句式结构分析：①主干：“否定—转折”框架：Not every day runs smoothly 与 but completion itself … protects us 并列。②关键修饰：without hesitation or shelving 为插入语起强调作用；what we could have done 为名词性从句作介词宾语；being eaten 为被动动名词短语。③阅读提示：抓住 protects 与 being eaten 这组对照即懂作者对拖延的警告。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：每个计划都会遇到阻力，但不带借口迈出的第一个小步，能使我们不至于被本可以尝试过的事击垮。 句 2：The brain craves completion; when a wish lingers without landing, it occupies attention like an unread message, releasing low-grade anxiety. 参考译文：大脑渴望完成；当一个愿望悬而未决时，它就像一条未读消息那样占据注意力，持续释放低度的焦虑。 句式结构分析：①主干：前一分句 The brain craves completion 为主谓宾；后一分句主干为 it occupies attention。②关键修饰：when a wish lingers without landing 为时间状语从句，without landing 与全文 never landed 呼应；like an unread message 为比喻；releasing low-grade anxiety 为结果状语。③阅读提示：“愿望—未读消息—焦虑”三层递进即闭合效应，抓住结果状语即可推结论。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：内心渴望一件事有了着落；当一项计划迟迟未开始，它就像一条从未读过的消息在脑中反复转动，不断消耗注意力。 Passage F China successfully launched a commercial remote-sensing satellite into orbit aboard a Ceres-1 sea-based rocket on Wednesday, marking a major step in the country's commercial space sector. The Ceres-1 rocket lifted off from waters near Shandong Province, placing the Xiguang Sihao 01 satellite into a low Earth orbit at an altitude of 541 kilometers, according to its developer, Galactic Energy. The mission was the seventh sea launch of the rocket, which has maintained a 100 percent success rate since its maiden flight in September 2023. Engineers have long argued that the sea, far from crowded airspace and falling debris zones, offers a safer path to orbit than land-based pads, and this flight again confirmed the point. What made the mission more than another launch was a new operational model, "land-based command and control, sea-based launch," used for the first time in Rizhao, where a shore-based command center was newly built. The center on land oversees system checks, countdown, launch commands and real-time monitoring of the rocket from liftoff through orbital insertion, while the rocket and the launch vessel remain offshore. Data reach it by high-speed links within seconds. Previously, command, data analysis and dispatch were all concentrated aboard the launch vessel, a cramped platform short of power and vulnerable to rough seas and broken communication links. The new arrangement reduces the constraints of vessel space, power supply, communications and sea conditions, while improving safety, reliability and scalability. Developed by Guangdong Tianyuan Technology, the Xiguang Sihao 01 satellite is the first of the Wuyang constellation. It will serve the Greater Bay Area, South China and low-latitude regions along the Maritime Silk Road, monitoring typhoons, red tides, crop growth and urban expansion in those areas. More satellites of the same series are planned for later launches this year. 1．What does the quoted phrase "land-based command and control, sea-based launch" imply? A. Tasks run only on shore, not on board. B. The vessel carries the rocket without control. C. Checks and commands come from the launch ship. D. Sea conditions set the timing of each launch step. 2．Why did the new model replace ship-based command, according to Paragraph 4? A. To give the launch vessel more room for extra satellites. B. To cut costs by keeping crews onshore during launch. C. To remove limits on space, power and communications. D. To make launch schedules easier to follow from shore. 3．What will the Xiguang Sihao 01 satellite do, according to Paragraph 5? A. Monitor typhoons and red tides for coastal farmers. B. Provide navigation and communication services for the Wuyang constellation. C. Carry out weather forecasting for coastal areas of South China. D. Serve coastal areas, monitoring storms, tides and urban growth. 4．What does the report's opening sentence mainly aim to present? A. To praise the personal courage of the country's launch engineers. B. To report a milestone in Chinese commercial spaceflight. C. To compare the Ceres-1 rocket with rival space launchers. D. To publicize the future satellite service plans of Wuyang. 【重难生词】 · remote-sensing /rɪˈməʊt ˌsensɪŋ/ adj. 遥感的 · orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ n. 轨道；使入轨 · altitude /ˈæltɪtjuːd/ n. 高度 · maiden flight /ˈmeɪdn flaɪt/ n. 首飞 · offshore /ˌɒfˈʃɔː/ adj. 离岸的；近海的 · countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n. 倒计时 · scalability /ˌskeɪləˈbɪləti/ n. 可扩展性 · dispatch /dɪˈspætʃ/ n. 调度 · constellation /ˌkɒnstəˈleɪʃn/ n. （卫星）星座 · red tide /red taɪd/ n. 赤潮 · low-latitude /ˌləʊ ˈlætɪtjuːd/ adj. 低纬度的 · scaled-up /ˌskeɪld ˈʌp/ adj. 规模化的 【长难句分析】 句 1：The center on land oversees system checks, countdown, launch commands and real-time monitoring of the rocket from liftoff through orbital insertion, while the rocket and the launch vessel remain offshore. 参考译文：陆地上的指挥中心负责飞行前的系统检查、倒计时、发射指令以及从点火到入轨全过程的实时监控，而火箭和发射船则留在海上。 句式结构分析：①主干：主语 The center on land，谓语 oversees，宾语为 system checks、countdown、launch commands 与 real-time monitoring 四个并列名词短语；while 引导对照状语从句。②关键修饰：on land 后置限定 center；real-time 以连字符作前置定语；from…through… 交代跨度；remain offshore 与 on land 形成海陆对照。③阅读提示：while 表分工而非先后，四个并列名词短语是采分点。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：地面站跟踪火箭从点火到分离全过程的数据和画面，而移动平台留在海上执行回收任务。 句 2：The new arrangement reduces the constraints of vessel space, power supply, communications and sea conditions, while improving safety, reliability and scalability. 参考译文：这一新安排减少了船舱空间、供电、通信和海况方面的制约，同时提升了安全性、可靠性和可扩展性。 句式结构分析：①主干：主语 The new arrangement，谓语 reduces，宾语 the constraints of…；后半句 while 与 reduces 并列作谓语，一降一升。②关键修饰：of 引出 vessel space、power supply、communications、sea conditions 四个并列名词；improving 后接 safety、reliability、scalability 三个并列名词。③阅读提示：抓住 reduces 与 improving 这对反向动词，即可判断此处是表对比的连接成分。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：新设计缓解了电池有限、信号不稳和天气恶劣带来的压力，同时降低了每次任务的成本。 句 3：It will serve the Greater Bay Area, South China and low-latitude regions along the Maritime Silk Road, monitoring typhoons, red tides, crop growth and urban expansion in those areas. 参考译文：它将服务于大湾区、华南以及海上丝绸之路沿线的低纬度地区，监测这些地区的台风、赤潮、作物生长和城市扩张。 句式结构分析：①主干：主语 It，谓语为 will serve 与 monitoring 两个并列成分。②关键修饰：serve 后接三个并列服务区域；monitoring 后接四个并列监测对象；low-latitude 以连字符作前置定语；along 引出范围，the Maritime Silk Road 表沿线分布。③阅读提示：前半说服务对象、后半说监测能力，抓住平行结构即可判断所需介词。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：它将服务于沿线沿海城市和低纬度地区，监测这些区域内的风暴、油污和海滩侵蚀。 Passage G One mystery of the human heart concerns its nervous system, often called the heart's "mini brain": scientists have long known it manages heart rate, but not how it works. A mouse study in Cell sheds new light on the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS), a network of about 40,000 neurons in the fat pads around the heart, suggesting this "mini brain" is essential for survival. The ICNS was once a relay station for the autonomic nervous system, which handles unconscious tasks like heartbeat and breathing. Yet the study found it does much more: it actively regulates cardiac function through two populations of neurons. Npy+ ones keep normal performance steady, while Ddah1+ neurons guard the heart against arrhythmias under stress. "Without these local neural circuits, the heart cannot properly adapt to changing physiological demands," explains Rui Chang of Yale University School of Medicine. Its neurons talk to each other and to neurons controlled by the central nervous system, and their activity is independent of changes in the body. "These signals are bidirectional — the brain and the heart talk to each other," says cardiologist Majid Basit, who notes the heart can thus change faster. Basit says the ICNS maintains the right blood flow during exercise, emotion or posture, adjusts how hard the heart contracts, and keeps the beating rate in step with impulses. A heart that had to wait for instructions from the brain would always be a step behind. Understanding these complexities could inspire treatments for a faulty heart. Ideally, such therapies would modulate particular neural circuits rather than broadly stimulating the autonomic nervous system, avoiding the collateral damage current drugs bring. "Our work points toward selectively modulating the neurons involved in a particular cardiac function while preserving others," says Chang. Tools include electrical stimulation of nerve branches, focused ultrasound with drugs, vagal nerve stimulation, or gene therapy. Ultimately, scientists may harness the power of this "mini brain" to keep the heart working and fine-tune what is not. 1．What does "mini brain" in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. A name the researchers officially gave the heart's nerves. B. A small organ that pumps blood to the body. C. A structure whose working mechanisms are still largely unknown. D. A brain-like control system located inside the heart. 2．According to Paragraph 3, what do the two neuron populations do? A. One keeps performance steady; the other guards against stress arrhythmias. B. One controls the breathing rhythm; the other regulates conscious heartbeat. C. Both groups together supply about forty thousand neurons to the heart. D. One relays signals to the brain; the other responds to body changes. 3．According to Paragraph 5, what does the local control enable? A. The heart must wait for the brain before changing its rhythm. B. The heart can adjust without waiting for the brain's instructions. C. The brain and the heart send different kinds of signals. D. The heart relies on the brain to adjust its blood flow properly. 4．What is the main purpose of the whole passage? A. A mouse study proves that these heart nerves are useless to the body's survival. B. Doctors can use the "mini brain" to treat faulty hearts with precision. C. The "mini brain" is no longer a relay but actively regulates the heart. D. The study compares heart nerves with brain neurons to show that they work alike. 【重难生词】 · intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk/ adj. 固有的；内在的 · arrhythmia /əˈrɪðmiə/ n. 心律失常 · relay station /ˈriːleɪ ˌsteɪʃn/ n. 中继站 · subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. 潜意识的；无意识的 · physiological /ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生理的 · bidirectional /ˌbaɪdɪˈrekʃənl/ adj. 双向的 · posture /ˈpɒstʃə/ n. 姿势；体位 · collateral damage /kəˈlætərəl ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n. 附带损害 · vagus nerve /ˈveɪɡəs nɜːv/ n. 迷走神经 · cardiac /ˈkɑːdiæk/ adj. 心脏的 · fine-tune /ˌfaɪn ˈtjuːn/ v. 精细调节 · modulate /ˈmɒdjuleɪt/ v. 调节；调控 【长难句分析】 句 1：The ICNS was once a relay station for the autonomic nervous system, which handles unconscious tasks like heartbeat and breathing. 参考译文：固有心脏神经系统曾经只是自主神经系统的一个中继站，而自主神经系统负责处理心跳、呼吸等无意识活动。 句式结构分析：①主干：The ICNS was once a relay station 为系表结构，which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 the autonomic nervous system。②关键修饰：once 为时间副词，说明“只是中继站”是过去的看法；like heartbeat and breathing 作宾语举例。③阅读提示：本句是全文伏笔——先说“曾经只是”中继站，后文再推翻它。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：海马体长期以来只被当作被动的储藏室，而后来的研究表明，它每晚会主动重建记忆。 句 2："These signals are bidirectional — the brain and the heart talk to each other," says cardiologist Majid Basit, who notes the heart can thus change faster. 参考译文："这些信号是双向的——大脑与心脏彼此对话，"心脏病学家马吉德·巴西特说，他指出心脏因此能够更快地作出改变。 句式结构分析：①主干：These signals are bidirectional 为系表结构，破折号后为解释；says 引出直接引语。②关键修饰：引号内破折号承担解释功能；which 引导定语从句修饰 Basit，从句中 thus 承接前文双向交流这一前提。③阅读提示：bidirectional 是本段关键，正因信号双向，心脏才能不等中枢指令先作调整。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文："这一反馈回路是双向的——肌肉与大脑不断相互调整，"那位生理学家指出。 句 3：Understanding these complexities could inspire treatments for a faulty heart. Ideally, such therapies would modulate particular neural circuits rather than broadly stimulating the autonomic nervous system, avoiding the collateral damage current drugs bring. 参考译文：理解这些复杂性有望为心脏疾病带来新的治疗思路。理想情况下，这类疗法将调节特定神经回路，而非全面刺激自主神经系统，从而避免现有药物带来的附带损害。 句式结构分析：①主干：前一分句主语为动名词短语 Understanding these complexities，谓语 could inspire；后一分句为 would 虚拟语气句。②关键修饰：动名词短语作主语；rather than broadly stimulating… 为对比状语；avoiding the collateral damage current drugs bring 为结果状语，内含定语从句；Ideally 与 would 呼应。③阅读提示：由“可能性”转向“理想状态”，抓住 could 与 would 的语气层级差即可。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文：理解这些通路可能为中风带来新的治疗方案。理想情况下，这类药物只会阻断受损血管，而不会扩张大脑的每一条动脉。 Passage H In 1982, at nineteen, Eric Lejeusne joined A. Georges, expecting to stay a few months. He had never seen a pendulum press; he learned by hand until the movement came naturally to him, and the months turned into forty. In 2003 he left A. Georges, bought an old press and set it up as Atelier Lejeusne, where he kept 12,000 engraved steel blocks in a narrow room under the Palais Royal. Business was thin; yet his shop became France's last hand-stamping shop, stamping crests on official papers that print shops elsewhere no longer handled. In 2020 Ramdane Touhami, who had seen engraving workshops close one after another, bought the company and renamed it Papier Royal. He put the products online and watched orders from abroad arrive, yet the hand-stamping itself was left to two elderly workers. Nevertheless, when Lejeusne announced in 2022 that he would retire, the craft seemed to have no future. Lejeusne stayed six months to train Benoist Dallay and pass on what no manual could carry. "You have to repeat the gesture to achieve consistency," Dallay says. "It was never facts but sensations," he said, "how much ink, how paper answers to pressure." What he handed on was not a book but a gesture no manual can hold. Lejeusne felt freer, for the craft now belonged to someone else. He was not sorry; after all, a craft is worth what its hands are worth. Today the shop under the Palais Royal still smells of ink. Meanwhile, the blocks, inked and pressed each morning, still bear the crests of French presidents, some of them older than anyone who set them. Dallay calls the work not nostalgia but defiance: pendulum stamping gives paper a tactile presence that a laser printer cannot copy. "In this digitalized world, we are resisting." And Lejeusne sleeps well at night. 1．What did Lejeusne's shop keep doing despite thin business? A. It kept stamping crests on official papers B. It stamped crests on official papers C. It took online orders from buyers abroad D. It printed the papers that other shops refused 2．Why did the craft seem to have no future in 2022? A. Because the two elderly workers gave up B. Because foreign orders had stopped arriving C. Because its only skilled maker was retiring D. Because the company had been renamed Papier Royal 3．What does the word "resisting" mean in the last paragraph? A. Guarding something valuable from loss B. Refusing to accept a new reality here C. Struggling to survive a very hard period D. Acting against a strong incoming trend 4．What message does the whole passage convey about the craft? A. A fading craft lives when passed on B. Printing has pushed hand stamping aside C. Old crafts deserve better pay than new trades D. France should keep more of its workshops open 【重难生词】 · pendulum /ˈpendjələm/ n. 摆锤；摆 · balancier /balɑ̃sje/ n. 手压摆锤印章机（源自法语 balancier） · engraving /ɪnˈɡreɪvɪŋ/ n. 雕刻；雕版 · stationery /ˈsteɪʃənri/ n. 文具；信纸信封等文具用品 · monogram /ˈmɒnəɡræm/ n. 花押字母；连字徽记 · retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ v. 退休；退出（职业生涯） · apprentice /əˈprentɪs/ n. 学徒；徒弟 · consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性；稳定度 · pigment /ˈpɪɡmənt/ n. 颜料；色料 · impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ n. 压印的痕迹；印记 · tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 触觉的；有触感实感的 · resist /rɪˈzɪst/ v. 抵制；抗拒 【长难句分析】 句 1："You have to repeat the gesture to achieve consistency," Dallay says. 参考译文："你必须重复这个动作才能稳定，"达莱说。 句式结构分析：①主干：外层为主语 Dallay 加谓语 says 的引述结构，直接引语作宾语。②关键修饰：引语内 You have to repeat the gesture to achieve consistency 为主谓宾加情态动词结构，to achieve consistency 为目的状语。③阅读提示：这是全文“技艺是感性的而非知识性的”所在，抓住 repeat the gesture 即抓到主旨。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文："你必须保持同样的压力，才能保持同样的颜色，"那位老印刷师说，"纸会比墨更早告诉你答案。" 句 2：In 2020 Ramdane Touhami, who had seen engraving workshops close one after another, bought the company and renamed it Papier Royal. 参考译文：2020年，曾眼看着雕刻工坊一家家关门、拉姆丹·图阿米买下了这家公司，并把它改名为 Papier Royal。 句式结构分析：①主干：主句为两个并列谓语 bought the company and renamed it Papier Royal，共享主语 Ramdane Touhami；In 2020 为句首时间状语。②关键修饰：who had seen engraving workshops close one after another 为非限制性定语从句，从句用过去完成时表经历更早，close 为不带 to 的不定式作宾补。③阅读提示：定语从句交代接手动机，与下一段“no future”的危机形成反差，是全文转机支点。 句式仿写训练： 仿写译文："2022年，当最后几家老工坊终于关门时，那位年轻的印刷师接手了这间作坊，并以它所在街道的名字为它重新命名。" 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $