Unit1～Unit 6 单元语法总结+练习 2025-2026学年外研版七年级英语下册

该初中英语单元语法清单系统梳理新外研版七下U1~U6核心语法，涵盖一般过去时、不定代词、系动词等六大语法范畴，为学生搭建从“概念定义”到“结构解析”再到“实战练习”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“语法点分类+结构表格+易混词辨析”构建完整知识体系，如一般过去时用表格对比规则/不规则动词变化，不定代词设“both/all/neither/none”用法辨析，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。配套10题分层练习及参考答案，标注“注意”提示（如系动词无被动语态），助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂巩固或作业设计，提升教学实效。

新外研版七下英语 U1~U6 单元语法总结+练习 ( 单元语法总结 Unit 语法点 Unit 1 The secrets of happiness 一般过去时 Unit 2 Go for it! 不定代词 Unit 3 Food matters 系动词 Unit 4 The art of having fun 祈使句 Unit 5 Amazing nature 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 Unit 6 Hitting the road as ... as 的用法 ) Unit 1 The secrets of happiness 重点语法： 一般过去时 一、概念 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 二、谓语构成 一般过去时的谓语不管主语的人称和单复数都用动词的过去式表示。动词的过去式有规则与不规则两种。规则动词的过去式在动词原形后加-ed，不规则动词的过去式需要逐个记忆。 三、一般过去时的结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 She was bor n on a cold morning. / They had fun yesterday. 否定句 主语 + didn't + V原 + 其他 We didn't go to the zoo yesterday. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + V原 + 其他? Did you go to the zoo yesterday? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 四、规则动词的过去式变化 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 在动词原形后加-ed consider→considered; pass→ passed 以不发音的e结尾 在动词后加-d achieve→achieved; increase→ increased 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed cry→cried; carry→carried 以重读闭音节结尾 双写该辅音字母，再加-ed plan→ planned; stop→stopped 五、常用时间状语 yesterday, last year/week/month, three hours ago, the other day, just now, in 1998等 注意： 描写已故的人的动作或状态需用动词一般过去时。 语法练习（10题） 1. I ________ (live) in Tianjin now, but I ________ (be) in Shandong three years ago. 2. Yesterday my mother ________ (pick) some strawberries and ________ (take) them home. 3. When she was five years old, she ________ (can) ride a bike. But she can now. 4. Where did you ________ (go) just now? 5. My father ________ (buy) a new car last month. 6. We ________ (have) a great time at the park yesterday. 7. She ________ (not finish) her homework last night. 8. ________ you ________ (see) the movie last Friday? 9. The museum ________ (open) to the public in 2010. 10. They ________ (not play) football because it rained. 参考答案： 1. live; was 2. picked; took 3. couldn't 4. go 5. bought 6. had 7. didn't finish 8. Did; see 9. opened 10. didn't play ( Unit 2 Go for it! ) 重点语法：不定代词 一、常见不定代词及用法 代词 含义 用法 例句 something 某些事物 主要用于肯定句；有时用于疑问句中表示请求 Can I get you something to drink? anything 任何事物 主要用在否定句和疑问句中 I don't have anything to do. nothing 没有任何事物 表示否定意义的不定代词 There is nothing in the box. both 两者都 表示两者之间的人或事物都如何，谓语动词用复数 Both of them are here. neither 两者都不 表示两者都不，作主语时谓语动词用单数 Neither of them is here. all 三者及以上都 表示三者或三者以上都，谓语动词用复数 All of us are here. none 没有一个 表示否定，可以指人或物，作主语时谓语动词用单数 None of us is late. either 两者中任何一个 表示两者中的任意一个 You can take either one. 二、易混词辨析 both：两者都，否定词是neither；谓语动词用复数 all：三者及以上都，否定词是none；谓语动词用复数neither：两者都不；作主语时谓语动词用单数 语法练习（10题） 1. —Would you like some tea or coffee? —____________. I'd like some water. 2. I invited Joe and Taylor to my party, but ________ of them came. 3. She has two sons, but ________ of them is active enough. 4. There are ________ of people in the zoo. No one is there. 5. __________ of the students passed the exam. They all failed. 6. I have two sisters. ________ of them are doctors. 7. —Is your friend coming today or tomorrow? —__________ is OK. I'm free both days. 8. __________ knows the answer. Ask someone else. 9. These books are interesting. I'd like to take __________ home. 10. __________ Mary nor Lucy likes vegetables. They prefer fruit. 参考答案： 1. Neither 2. neither 3. neither 4. none 5. None 6. Both 7. Either 8. No one / Nobody 9. some / both 10. Neither Unit 3 Food matters 重点语法：系动词 一、系动词的定义 系动词是用来辅助主语的动词，本身有词义，但不能直接作谓语，后面必须跟表语。常跟在系动词后做表语的有名词短语、介词短语、形容词。 二、常见系动词分类 类别 系动词 例句 be动词 am, is, are, was, were I am a student. / She is happy. 感官系动词 look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来, feel摸起来/感觉 The flower smells sweet. / It sounds good. 变化系动词 become变成, get变得, turn变得, grow变得, go变得 He became a teacher. / It's getting dark. 保持系动词 keep保持, remain保持, stay保持 Keep quiet! / The problem remains. 三、感官系动词用法 结构： 系动词 + 形容词 例句 解释 The dish tastes delicious. 这道菜尝起来很香。 The music sounds wonderful. 音乐听起来很美妙。 This shirt feels soft. 这件衬衫摸起来很软。 These flowers smell nice. 这些花闻起来很香。 She looks beautiful today. 她今天看起来很漂亮。 注意： ( 系动词不能有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。包含感官系动词的句子变否定句和一般疑问句时，要 借助于助动词 do , does , did 等。 例句： The milk doesn ' t smell sour . / Does the milk smell sour ? ) 语法练习（10题） 1. The dish ________ delicious, but it ________ a little salty. 2. This kind of peach ________ really nice, but it ________ very sour. 3. Your voice ________ strange on the phone. What happened? 4. I like this T-shirt. It ________ good and ________ comfortable. 5. The music ________ so beautiful that I want to dance. 6. Don't eat that apple. It ________ bad. 7. —What do you think of this perfume? —It ________ very sweet. 8. The weather ________ colder and colder in winter. 9. She ________ very tired after the long journey. 10. The silk ________ smooth and soft to the touch. 参考答案： 1. tastes; tastes 2. looks; tastes 3. sounds 4. looks; feels 5. sounds 6. smells 7. smells 8. gets 9. felt 10. feels Unit 4 The art of having fun 重点语法：祈使句 一、祈使句的含义 祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。 二、祈使句的常见句型 类型 结构 例句 Do型/Be型 动词原形 / Be + adj. Open your book. / Be careful! Let型 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 Let's go home. / Let me help you. No型 No + v.ing/名词 No smoking! / No parking! 三、祈使句的否定形式 类型 否定结构 例句 Do型/Be型 Don't + 动词原形 Don't be late. / Don't worry. Let型（第一人称） Let's not + 动词原形 Let's not forget to call. Let型（第三人称） Don't let + 宾语 + 动词原形 Don't let him down. 四、祈使句的答语 回答祈使句时，要用一般将来时，肯定回答用"Yes, I will." ，否定回答用"Sorry, I won't." 语法练习（10题） 1. __________ talk with your classmates in class. It's not good. 2. __________ park here when you see the sign. 3. —Tom, ________ here to carry the box for me, will you? —All right. 4. __________ dressed now! We have to go right away. 5. __________ be late for the meeting. The boss will be angry. 6. __________ open the window. It's too cold outside. 7. __________ smoke in the museum. It's not allowed. 8. __________ careful when you cross the street. 9. __________ go shopping with us this afternoon. It'll be fun! 10. __________ forget to turn off the lights before you leave. 参考答案： 1. Don't 2. Don't 3. come 4. Get 5. Don't 6. Don't 7. Don't / No 8. Be 9. Let's 10. Don't Unit 5 Amazing nature 重点语法：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 一、比较级和最高级的构成 类型 构成规则 例词 规则变化（单音节和部分双音节） 加-er, -est small→smaller→smallest; loud→ louder→ loudest 以不发音的e结尾 加-r, -st large→ larger→ largest 重读闭音节 双写辅音字母，再加-er, -est big→ bigger→ biggest 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，再加-er, -est ugly→ uglier→ ugliest; busy→ busier→ busiest 多音节词 在词前加 more, most important→ more important→ most important; quickly→ more quickly→ most quickly 不规则变化 特殊变化，需记忆 good/well→ better→ best; bad/ill→worse→worst; much/many→ more→ most; far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 二、比较级句式结构 句型 用法 例句 A + be + 比较级 + than + B 表示一方超过或低于另一方 This book is more interesting than that one. A + be + not so/as + 原级 + as + B 表示A不如B This room is not as large as that one. the + 比较级 + ..., the + 比较级 + ... 表示"越...，就越..." The more, the better. 比较级 + and + 比较级 表示"越来越..." It's getting hotter and hotter. A + be + the + 最高级 + of/in... 表示A在某范围内是最... He is the tallest in his class. one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 表示" 之一" She is one of the most beautiful girls. 三、修饰比较级的常用词 far, even, much, still, a lot, a little/bit, rather, slightly, not any, times等 语法练习（10题） 1. Of all the rivers in China, the Changjiang River is ________ (long). 2. Jogging is ________ (cheap) than many sports. 3. This is ________ (good) movie I've ever seen. 4. Jim jumps ________ (high) in our class. 5. She studies ________ (hard) than before to improve her English. 6. Today is even ________ (cold) than yesterday. 7. Which is ________ (big), the elephant or the tiger? 8. He is one of ________ (popular) singers in China. 9. The more you practice, the ________ (good) you'll become. 10. It's getting ________ and ________ (dark). Let's go home. 参考答案： 1. the longest 2. cheaper 3. the best 4. the highest 5. harder 6. colder 7. bigger 8. the most popular 9. better 10. darker; darker Unit 6 Hitting the road 重点语法： as...as的用法 一、as...as的基本用法 句型 含义 例句 as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 表示"和......一样" My best friend is as tall as her mother. not as/so + 形容词/副词原级+ as 表示"不如" This red skirt is not so beautiful as that blue one. 倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 表示"A是B的......倍" Our school is twice as large as theirs. as much/many ... + as 表示前后的数量相同 John earns as much money as his brother. 二、as...as的常见短语 . as busy as a bee — 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 . as soon as possible — 尽快 . as much as possible — 尽可能多地 . as well as possible — 尽可能好地 . as good as new — 像新的一样好 三、用法辨析 用法 结构 例句 同级比较（肯定） as...as She is as beautiful as her sister. 同级比较（否定） not so/as...as He is not so tall as his father. 程度修饰（原级） very, so, too, quite + 原级 The film is too boring. 程度修饰（比较级） a little, a bit, much, even + 比较级 It is even colder today. 语法练习（10题） 1. I think life in the countryside is ________ (comfortable) than that in the city. 2. Look! Jack is swimming ________ a fish in the swimming pool. 3. You'd better memorize English words ________ (many) as possible. 4. She is ________ (busy) as a bee today. 5. This problem is not ________ (simple) as it seems. 6. Our classroom is ________ (large) as theirs. 7. He speaks English ________ (fluent) as his brother. 8. This hotel is ________ (expensive) as that one. They have the same price. 9. You must drive ________ (careful) as possible on the highway. 10. My house is ________ (big) as yours. 参考答案： 1. more comfortable 2. as well as 3. as many 4. as busy 5. so simple 6. as large 7. as fluently 8. as expensive 9. as carefully 10. as big 语法总结要点 ● 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态，常用时间状语yesterday, last week, three years ago等 ● 不定代词： something/anything/nothing表示"事物"；both/all表示"都"；neither/none表示"不都"；either表示"任一" ● 系动词： be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get, turn, grow, keep等，后接形容词作表语 ● 祈使句：以动词原形开头，表达命令、建议、请求，否定用Don't/No ● 比较级和最高级：规则变化加-er/-est，多音节用more/most，不规则需记忆 ● as...as用法 ：as...as表示同级比较， not as/so...as表示不如，倍数+as...as表示倍数 $