Unit 5 Good manners（复习讲义）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

该初中英语Unit 5 "Good manners"复习讲义通过表格系统梳理单词、短语，用对比表格呈现enough与too...to...语法用法，分点解析核心句型，构建"词汇-短语-句型-语法-写作"的完整知识脉络，突出礼仪主题下语言知识的内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，如通过中西方礼仪对比解析词汇（如praise、modest），写作指导分"审题-提纲-造句-成篇-修改"步骤培养思维品质。练习题涵盖单词拼写、阅读、完形等题型，基础生可通过语法表格夯实基础，优秀生可深入跨文化礼仪探究，助力教师实施分层教学与精准复习。

Unit 5 Good manners（复习讲义) 单词 __________n.[pl.]礼仪，礼貌 __________ n.垃圾 __________n.水龙头 __________adv.耐心地 __________ n.祝贺 __________n.走廊；正门过道 __________adv.通常 __________vt.称呼(某人) __________n.礼貌 __________vt.(=realise)意识到 __________ vi.表现 __________ adv.不同地 __________n.& vt.称赞，赞美 __________adj.高兴 __________ vt.&vi.回答，答复 __________adj.谦虚的 __________adv.公开地，毫不隐瞒地 __________ n.主人 __________ adj.好客的，热情友好的 __________ n.盘子，碟子 __________ vi.&vt.拒绝，回绝 __________adv.完全地，全部地，充分地 __________adv.吵闹地 __________vi.&vt.挤开；推动 __________prep.在另一边，到另一侧 __________ n.讨论 __________vt.&vi.承诺，许诺 __________n.梨 __________vi.应在(某处);适应 __________adv.尊敬地 __________vt.(使)感动，打动 __________n.耳机 __________n.圆圈 __________n.小费 __________ adj.安静的，平静的 __________ adj.失礼的，粗鲁的 __________n.,vt.&vi.拥抱 __________n.,vt.&vi.亲吻 __________ adv.安静地；平静地 __________vt.&vi.急促；仓促行事；冲 __________ conj.除非 __________adj.美味的，可口的 短语 ____________________良好的礼仪 ____________________说“请”和“谢谢” ____________________乱扔垃圾 ____________________让水龙头一直流着 ____________________保持安静 ____________________摘花 ____________________遵守交通规则 ____________________对……表示尊重 ____________________插队 ____________________挡道 ____________________信守诺言 ____________________尽管；即使 ____________________ 与……不同 ____________________当谈到……时 ____________________太谦虚而不…… ____________________为某人开门 ____________________压低声音 ____________________排队等候 ____________________准时 ____________________舒服自在，不拘束 ____________________习惯于...,适应... ____________________一起；同时 ____________________属于 句型 1.Good manners and kindness are always ____________________. 良好的礼仪和善良永远是流行的。 2.First, it's very important to ____________________your teachers. 首先，对老师表示尊重是非常重要的。 3.Remember, you shouldn't____________________after class. 记住，课后不要在走廊里跑。 4.When in Rome, ____________________the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 5.My Chinese friends are kind____________________feel at home. 我的中国朋友非常善良，让我感觉宾至如归。 6.If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't ____________________ nin. 如果你想对别人表示礼貌和尊重，用“您”准没错。 7.When I praise my Chinese friends, ____________________saying "Thank you", they often smile and reply, "Nali, nali." 当我表扬我的中国朋友时，他们不说“谢谢”，而是经常微笑着回答“哪里哪里”。 8.It can be hard____________________ to ____________________ all these differences. 一开始可能很难适应所有这些差异。 9.When you____________________the world, it is important to know enough information about____________________. 当你环游世界时，了解足够多不同文化的礼仪信息是很重要的。 10.In many countries, people are____________________ to wait ____________________in banks and shops. 在许多国家，人们有足够的耐心在银行和商店排队。 11.The two students were____________________wake him up, so they waited outside the house____________________. 这两个学生太有礼貌了，没有叫醒他，所以他们在屋外耐心等待。 12.We should____________________to make sure that both guests and hosts are ____________________ at the table. 我们应该遵守这些规则，确保客人和主人在餐桌上都感到舒适。 语法 enough与too...to...的用法 写作 写一篇关于良好礼仪的文章 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 Part 1重点词汇与短语 1. behave (vi.) 表现 【教材原句】I've noticed some interesting differences in manners. In the UK, people use the word "please" all the time to be polite. The Chinese have their own way of being polite. I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently to the British when it comes to praise.（P66）我注意到在礼仪方面有一些有趣的差异。在英国，人们总是用“请”这个词来表示礼貌。中国人有自己表达礼貌的方式。我也意识到，在接受称赞时，中国人的表现和英国人不同。 【用法释义】 不及物动词，侧重“行为举止、表现”，尤指在特定场合的行为是否得体；主语通常是人，也可用于被动语态（behave oneself 表示“守规矩、举止得体”）。 【搭配回顾】 behave well（表现好）、behave badly（表现差）、behave oneself（守规矩）、behave differently（表现不同） 【典型例句】 We should behave politely in public places.（我们在公共场所应该举止得体。） The children behaved themselves at the party yesterday.（孩子们昨天在聚会上很守规矩。） 2. praise (n.&vt.) 称赞，赞美 【教材原句】If someone says my Chinese is good, I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language. But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying "Thank you", they often smile and reply, "Nali, nali."（P66）如果有人说我的中文很好，我会很开心，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言。但当我称赞我的中国朋友时，他们不会说“谢谢”，而是经常微笑着回答“哪里哪里”。 【用法释义】 可作动词，后接宾语（praise sb. for sth.）；也可作不可数名词（常用搭配in praise of sb./sth.），偶尔作可数名词（a praise，较少用）。 【搭配回顾】 praise sb. for sth.（因某事称赞某人）、in praise of（称赞……）、receive praise（受到称赞） 【典型例句】 The teacher praised her for her good performance in the exam.（老师因她考试表现好而称赞她。） Everyone spoke in praise of his kindness and good manners.（所有人都称赞他的善良和良好的礼仪。） 3. modest (adj.) 谦虚的 【教材原句】They are too modest to accept praise openly.（P66）他们太谦虚了，不会公开接受称赞。 【用法释义】 形容词，用于描述人“谦虚的、谦逊的”，反义词是proud（骄傲的）；常用结构too modest to do sth.（太谦虚而不能做某事），也可用于be modest about sth.（对某事谦虚）。 【搭配回顾】 be modest about sth.（对某事谦虚）、too modest to do sth.（太谦虚而不能做某事）、a modest person（一个谦虚的人） 【典型例句】 He is very modest about his achievements.（他对自己的成就非常谦虚。） She is too modest to talk about her own advantages.（她太谦虚了，不愿谈论自己的优点。） 4. refuse (vi.&vt.) 拒绝，回绝 【教材原句】I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse!（P67）我吃了很多，因为我太有礼貌了，不好意思拒绝！ 【用法释义】 可作及物动词，后接名词、代词或不定式（refuse to do sth.）；也可作不及物动词（refuse sth.），语气比decline（婉拒）更直接。 【搭配回顾】 refuse to do sth.（拒绝做某事）、refuse sth.（拒绝某物）、refuse an invitation（拒绝邀请） 【典型例句】 She refused to help me with my homework.（她拒绝帮我辅导作业。） He refused the gift politely because he didn't want to trouble others.（他礼貌地拒绝了礼物，因为他不想麻烦别人。） 5. realize (vt.) 意识到，认识到（=realise） 【教材原句】I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently to the British when it comes to praise.（P66）我也意识到，在接受称赞时，中国人的表现和英国人不同。 【用法释义】 及物动词，后接名词、代词或宾语从句，侧重“经过思考、体验后明白或意识到”，语气比know更强调“醒悟”的过程。 【搭配回顾】 realize one's mistake（意识到自己的错误）、realize the importance of（意识到……的重要性）、realize a dream（实现梦想） 【典型例句】 He finally realized that he was wrong about the manners.（他终于意识到自己在礼仪方面错了。） We must realize the importance of good manners in daily life.（我们必须意识到日常生活中良好礼仪的重要性。） 6. pleased (adj.) 高兴的，愉快的 【教材原句】If someone says my Chinese is good, I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language.（P66）如果有人说我的中文很好，我会很开心，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言。 【用法释义】 形容词，用于描述人“感到高兴的、满意的”，主语是人；常用结构be pleased to do sth.（高兴做某事）、be pleased with sth./sb.（对某事/某人满意）。 【搭配回顾】 be pleased to do sth.（高兴做某事）、be pleased with sb./sth.（对某人/某事满意）、be pleased at sth.（因某事高兴） 【典型例句】 I am pleased to hear that you have learned good manners.（听到你学会了良好的礼仪，我很高兴。） My teacher is pleased with my progress in English.（我的老师对我英语的进步很满意。） 7. wait in line 排队等候 【教材原句】Wait in line patiently.（P65）耐心排队等候。 【搭配回顾】 wait in line patiently（耐心排队）、wait in line for sth.（为某事/某物排队）、don't jump the line（不要插队） 【典型例句】 We should wait in line when we buy tickets in the museum.（我们在博物馆买票时应该排队等候。） It's good manners to wait in line quietly in public places.（在公共场所安静排队是良好的礼仪。） 8. on time 准时 【教材原句】And don't forget to come back to class on time.（P65）还有，别忘了准时回到教室。 短语用法：固定短语，强调“按照规定的时间，不早不晚”，区别于in time（及时）；可作状语，置于句末或句中。 【搭配回顾】 arrive on time（准时到达）、come on time（准时来）、be on time for sth.（准时参加某事） 【典型例句】 It's important to be on time for school every day.（每天准时上学很重要。） He always arrives on time for the meeting.（他开会总是准时到。） 9. feel at home 舒服自在，不拘束 【教材原句】My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home.（P66）我的中国朋友非常善良，让我感到宾至如归。 【搭配回顾】 make sb. feel at home（让某人感到自在）、feel at home in sp.（在某地感到自在） 【典型例句】 Her warm smile made me feel at home when I first came to the new class.（我刚到新班级时，她温暖的微笑让我感到很自在。） I feel at home in this small town because people are very kind.（我在这个小镇感到很自在，因为这里的人都很善良。） 10. used to sth/doing sth 习惯于某事（物），适应某事（物）（核心短语） 【教材原句】It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences.（P67）一开始可能很难适应所有这些差异。 【搭配回顾】 get used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事）、be used to sth.（习惯于某物）、get used to the life（适应生活） 【典型例句】 I have got used to eating Chinese food since I came to China.（自从来到中国，我已经习惯吃中国菜了。） She is used to the polite manners in this country.（她已经适应了这个国家的礼貌礼仪。） 11. rush (vt.&vi.) 急促；仓促行事；冲 【教材原句】If a friend invites you to dinner at their home, do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry.（P76）如果朋友邀请你去家里吃饭，除非你必须匆忙离开，否则不要匆匆吃饭。 【用法释义】 可作动词，表“急促行事、匆忙做某事”（rush sth.），也可表“冲、奔跑”（rush to sp.）；还可作名词（a rush，匆忙），结合单元礼仪主题，侧重“用餐、行事不仓促”。 【搭配回顾】 rush one's meal（匆匆吃饭）、rush to sp.（冲向某地）、in a rush（匆忙地） 【典型例句】 We should not rush when we are eating; it's bad manners.（我们吃饭时不应该匆忙，这是不礼貌的。） He rushed to the classroom to avoid being late.（他冲向教室，以免迟到。） 12. impolite (adj.) 失礼的，粗鲁的 【教材原句】This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors.（P74）这是非常失礼的，因为这会打扰到其他参观者。 【用法释义】 形容词，否定前缀im- + polite（礼貌的），表“不礼貌的、粗鲁的”；用于描述行为、言语等不符合礼仪规范，反义词是polite。 【搭配回顾】 be impolite to sb.（对某人失礼）、be impolite to do sth.（做某事是失礼的）、impolite behavior（失礼的行为） 【典型例句】 It is impolite to talk loudly in the library.（在图书馆大声说话是失礼的。） Don't be impolite to your teachers; we should show them respect.（不要对老师失礼，我们应该尊敬他们。） Part 2重点句式与结构 典型句式一：Remember, you shouldn't run in the hallways after class.记住，课后不要在走廊里奔跑。 【结构构成】 该句为并列复合句（由逗号连接两个简单句，表提醒+指令），可拆分为两部分： 1. 主句1（祈使句）：Remember（核心谓语，表“提醒、记住”）； 2. 主句2（陈述句，表具体提醒内容）：you（主语）+ shouldn't run（谓语部分，情态动词shouldn't+实义动词run）+ in the hallways（地点状语，表“在走廊里”）+ after class（时间状语，表“课后”）。 【核心句式】 祈使句 + 陈述句（祈使句表提醒，陈述句表具体指令），核心是“提醒某人不要做某事”。 【典型用法】 1. Remember开头的祈使句：用于日常提醒，语气较温和，后可接逗号+陈述句，也可接that从句（如Remember that you shouldn't run...）； 2. shouldn't + 动词原形：情态动词的否定用法，表“不应该做某事”，用于提出建议或规定，语气委婉，比mustn't（禁止）语气更缓和； 3. 介词短语作状语：in the hallways（地点状语）、after class（时间状语），用于明确动作发生的地点和时间，使句子意思更具体。 典型句式二：When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 【结构构成】 该句为复合句，包含时间状语从句的省略形式和方式状语从句，结构简洁： 1. 时间状语从句（省略形式）：When in Rome = When you are in Rome（主语you和系动词are省略，符合“当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词”的规则）； 2. 主句（祈使句）：do（核心谓语，表“做”）+ as the Romans do（方式状语从句，as表“像……一样”）； 3. 方式状语从句：the Romans（主语）+ do（谓语，代指前文的动作“do”，避免重复）。 【核心句式】 时间状语从句（省略形式）+ 祈使句 + 方式状语从句，核心是“在某种情境下，按照当地人的方式做事”。 【典型用法】 1. 状语从句的省略：when/while/if等引导的状语从句，主语与主句主语一致且含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词（如When (you are) tired, you can rest.）； 2. as引导方式状语从句：表“像……一样”，从句中常用do代指前文的动作，避免重复； 3. 固定谚语：本句是英语中经典谚语，用于建议他人尊重当地习俗，日常使用中可直接引用，无需补充完整从句。 典型句式三：If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin.如果你想向他人表示礼貌和尊重，使用“您”准没错。 【结构构成】 该句为条件状语复合句，由if引导条件状语从句，主句表结果： 1. 条件状语从句：If（引导词，表“如果”）+ you（主语）+ want（谓语）+ to show politeness and respect for others（宾语，动词不定式短语，表“向他人表示礼貌和尊重”）； 2. 主句：you（主语）+ can't go wrong（谓语部分，固定搭配，表“不会出错、准没错”）+ with nin（状语，表“用nin”）。 【核心句式】 If + 条件状语从句（主语+want to do sth）+ 主句（主语+can't go wrong with sth），核心是“如果想做某事，用某物/某种方式准没错”。 【典型用法】 1. if引导条件状语从句：表“如果”，从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词（can't）表建议或判断； 2. want to do sth：固定搭配，表“想要做某事”，want后接动词不定式作宾语； 3. show respect for sb：固定短语，表“向某人表示尊重”，同义短语为show respect to sb； 4. can't go wrong with sth：口语和书面语中常用的固定表达，表“做某事/用某物不会出错、很稳妥”，语气亲切，用于给出建议（如You can't go wrong with this book. 这本书准没错）。 典型句式四：When you travel around the world, it is important to know enough information about the manners of different cultures.当你环游世界时，了解足够多不同文化的礼仪知识是很重要的。 【结构构成】 该句为复合句，包含时间状语从句和主句（形式主语结构），结构清晰： 1. 时间状语从句：When（引导词）+ you（主语）+ travel around the world（谓语部分，travel around表“环游”）； 2. 主句（形式主语结构）：it（形式主语，代指后面的真正主语）+ is（系动词）+ important（表语，表“重要的”）+ to know enough information about the manners of different cultures（真正主语，动词不定式短语）； 3. 真正主语拆解：to know（不定式核心）+ enough information（宾语，“足够的信息”）+ about the manners of different cultures（定语，修饰information，表“关于不同文化礼仪的”）。 【核心句式】 When + 时间状语从句 + it is + 形容词 + to do sth（形式主语结构），核心是“在某种情境下，做某事是……的”。 【典型用法】 1. 形式主语it：当真正主语（动词不定式短语、从句等）较长时，用it作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻，其结构为it is + 形容词 + to do sth（如It is necessary to study hard.）； 2. travel around the world：固定短语，表“环游世界”，同义表达有travel all over the world； 3. enough的用法：enough作形容词时，修饰名词，放在名词前（enough information）；作副词时，修饰形容词/副词，放在后面（如tall enough）； 4. about短语作定语：about the manners of different cultures修饰information，明确信息的范围，of短语（the manners of different cultures）表“不同文化的礼仪”，表所属关系。 典型句式五：We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.我们应该遵守这些规则，以确保宾客和主人在餐桌上都感到舒适。 【结构构成】 该句为复合句，包含主句、目的状语和宾语从句，结构完整： 1. 主句：We（主语）+ should follow（谓语部分，情态动词should+实义动词follow）+ these rules（宾语，“这些规则”）； 2. 目的状语：to make sure that...（动词不定式短语，表“为了确保……”，说明遵守规则的目的）； 3. 宾语从句（作make sure的宾语）：that（引导词，可省略）+ both guests and hosts（主语，“宾客和主人”）+ are（系动词）+ comfortable（表语，“舒适的”）+ at the table（地点状语，“在餐桌上”）。 【核心句式】 主语 + should + 动词原形 + 宾语 + to do sth（目的状语）+ that宾语从句，核心是“某人应该做某事，以确保……”。 【典型用法】 1. should + 动词原形：情态动词should表“应该”，用于提出建议、义务或责任，语气委婉，比must更温和； 2. follow the rules：固定短语，表“遵守规则”，follow此处意为“遵循、遵守”，同义短语为obey the rules； 3. to do sth作目的状语：动词不定式短语放在句末，表“为了做某事”，说明前面动作的目的（如I study hard to get good grades.）； 4. make sure that从句：固定搭配，表“确保、保证”，that引导的宾语从句表需要确保的内容，that可省略； 5. both...and...：固定连词，表“两者都……”，连接两个并列的名词（guests and hosts），谓语动词用复数形式（are）。 单元语法：enough与too...to...的用法 enough 的用法 用法分类 结构说明 核心含义 例句 注意事项 作形容词（修饰名词） enough + 名词（可修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词） “足够的……”，表示数量或程度满足需求 1. We have enough time to finish the homework.（我们有足够的时间完成作业。） 2. There is enough water in the bottle.（瓶子里有足够的水。） 放在所修饰的名词前面，不可后置 作副词（修饰形容词/副词） 形容词/副词 + enough “足够……”，表示程度达到要求 1. The movie is interesting enough.（这部电影足够有趣。） 2. He runs fast enough to catch the bus.（他跑得足够快，能赶上公交车。） 必须放在所修饰的形容词/副词后面，这是高频考点 常见搭配：enough to do sth 形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth（表肯定，“足够……能做某事”） 表示主语具备某种能力或条件，能完成后面的动作 1. She is old enough to go to school.（她足够大了，可以去上学了。） 2. This pen writes well enough to use.（这支笔写起来足够好，可以使用。） to do sth 是目的状语，主语与不定式逻辑上是主动关系 too...to... 的用法 用法分类 结构说明 核心含义 例句 注意事项 基本用法（表否定） too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth “太……而不能做某事”，否定含义，强调程度过高，无法完成动作 1. The box is too heavy to carry.（这个箱子太重了，搬不动。） 2. He runs too slowly to catch the bus.（他跑得太慢，赶不上公交车。） 1. too 后面只能接形容词或副词，不能接名词；2. 本身含否定意义，不需要再加 not 常见变形：too + adj + for sb + to do sth too + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth “对某人来说，太……而不能做某事”，明确动作的对象 1. This book is too difficult for me to read.（这本书对我来说太难了，读不懂。） 2. The shirt is too small for him to wear.（这件衬衫对他来说太小了，穿不上。） for sb 是介词短语，说明动作的承受者，sb 作不定式的逻辑宾语 易错点辨析 too...to... 与 enough to do sth 对比 too...to... 表否定（不能做），enough to do sth 表肯定（能做），二者可转换 1. He is too young to go to school.（否定） 2. He is not old enough to go to school.（否定，与上句同义） 3. He is old enough to go to school.（肯定，与上句反义） 转换时，需将 too 后的形容词变为反义词，再加 not enough 单元写作：写一篇关于良好礼仪的文章 主｜题｜解｜析 一、写作主题 本单元写作围绕“良好礼仪”展开，结合初中生的日常生活场景（校园、家庭、公共场合），说明良好礼仪的重要性、具体表现，表达自己对良好礼仪的看法和践行决心，语言符合八年级英语水平，语法正确、语句通顺。 二、内容要点 核心要点（必写）： 开篇点题：良好礼仪是一种美德，在日常生活中很重要（Good manners are a kind of virtue and very important in our daily life.）； 具体表现：分场景描述良好礼仪的行为（校园、家庭、公共场合各1-2个具体例子）； 重要意义：拥有良好礼仪能帮助我们结交朋友、赢得尊重，让社会更和谐； 结尾表态：我们应该从小事做起，努力成为有礼貌的人。 补充要点（可选，提升文章丰富度）： 提及身边不礼貌的行为，对比突出良好礼仪的重要性； 引用简单的谚语（如“Politeness costs nothing but wins everything.”），增强文章亮点。 三、写作思路 段落 段落功能 核心内容 第一段（开头） 开篇点题，引出主题 说明良好礼仪的定义/地位，强调其重要性 第二段（主体） 分点阐述，具体展开 结合校园、家庭、公共场合，描述良好礼仪的具体行为 第三段（结尾） 总结升华，表达决心 说明良好礼仪的意义，表态自己要践行良好礼仪 构｜思｜写｜作 步骤1：审题立意（3分钟） 明确写作主题是“good manners”，体裁为说明文（介绍类短文），读者是老师和同学，语言风格要简洁、真诚，符合八年级学生的表达习惯，核心是“说明良好礼仪的重要性+具体表现+自身决心”，避免偏离主题。 步骤2：列提纲（2分钟） 根据写作思路，快速列出简单提纲，避免写作时遗漏要点： 开头：Good manners are important in our life. 主体：①校园（问候老师、帮助同学）；②家庭（尊重父母、主动做家务）；③公共场合（排队、不大声喧哗）。 结尾：We should keep good manners and be polite people. 步骤3：遣词造句（8分钟） 结合词汇与句型提示，将提纲中的要点转化为完整句子，注意语法正确（时态以一般现在时为主，主谓一致），语句通顺，避免重复表达。遇到不会写的单词，用简单的同义词或短语替换（如“important”可替换为“necessary”）。 步骤4：连句成篇（5分钟） 用过渡词（如firstly, secondly, finally, besides, in my opinion等）连接各个句子和段落，使文章逻辑连贯、条理清晰。检查段落之间的衔接，确保上下文流畅，没有语法错误。 步骤5：检查修改（2分钟） 重点检查：①要点是否齐全（有没有涵盖重要性、具体表现、自身决心）；②语法是否正确（时态、主谓一致、单词拼写）；③语句是否通顺，过渡是否自然，字数是否达标。 范｜文｜示｜例 【范例作文】 Good manners are a kind of virtue and very important in our daily life. They can help us win respect and make more friends. Firstly, at school, we should greet our teachers when we meet them and help our classmates with their lessons. Secondly, at home, we need to respect our parents and help them do some housework. Besides, in public, we should wait in line and not talk loudly. We should also avoid impolite behaviors. In my opinion, good manners are necessary for everyone. We should practice them from small things and try our best to be polite people. 【范文分析】 结构完整：严格按照“开头-主体-结尾”的思路写作，涵盖了所有核心要点（重要性、具体表现、意义、自身决心），逻辑清晰，过渡自然（用firstly, secondly, besides等过渡词）。 语言达标：运用了八年级重点词汇（manners, virtue, respect, greet, help等）和常用句型，语法正确（一般现在时为主，主谓一致），语句通顺，没有拼写错误，字数达标（85词）。 亮点突出：① 开篇点题明确，结尾升华到位；② 分场景阐述，内容具体，贴合初中生的生活实际；③ 运用了“besides”“in my opinion”等短语，使文章更具层次感。 不足之处：部分句子表达较为简单，可适当丰富句式；缺少一句谚语或名言，亮点不够突出。 优｜化｜策｜略 1.丰富句式：将简单句改为复合句或并列句，提升文章文采。例如： 原句：Good manners are a kind of virtue and very important in our daily life. （简单句） 优化：As we all know, good manners are a kind of virtue and they are very important in our daily life. （加入as引导的状语从句，更丰富） 2.增加亮点：加入一句简单的谚语，贴合主题，提升文章档次（不超纲）。 例如：在开头或结尾加入“Politeness costs nothing but wins everything.”（礼貌不费分文，却能赢得一切。） 3.细化内容：在具体表现部分，增加简单的细节描写，使内容更生动。例如： 原句：we should greet our teachers when we meet them. （简单描述） 优化：we should greet our teachers with a smile when we meet them in the hallway. （加入“with a smile”“in the hallway”，细节更具体） 4.优化过渡：可在结尾前加入一句总结性过渡句，使结尾更自然。 例如：Good manners can make our world a better place.（良好礼仪能让我们的世界变得更美好。） 【升级范文】 As we all know, good manners are a kind of virtue and they are very important in our daily life. “Politeness costs nothing but wins everything.” It’s true that good manners can help us win respect and make more friends. Firstly, at school, we should greet our teachers with a smile when we meet them in the hallway and help our classmates with their lessons. Secondly, at home, we need to respect our parents and help them do some easy housework, like cleaning the room. Besides, in public, we should wait in line and not talk loudly. We should also avoid impolite behaviors. Good manners can make our world a better place. In my opinion, they are necessary for everyone. We should practice them from small things and try our best to be polite people. 参｜考｜词｜句 （一）核心词汇 1. 名词类 manners（礼仪，复数）、virtue（美德）、politeness（礼貌）、behavior（行为）、respect（尊重）、friendship（友谊） 2. 动词类 greet（问候）、help（帮助）、respect（尊重）、obey（遵守）、avoid（避免）、practice（践行） 3. 形容词类 polite（有礼貌的）、kind（善良的）、friendly（友好的）、important（重要的）、necessary（必要的）、impolite（不礼貌的，反义词） 4. 短语类 good manners（良好礼仪）、say hello to（向……问好）、help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做某事）、be polite to sb.（对某人有礼貌）、in public（在公共场合）、wait in line（排队）、take care of（照顾） （二）常用句型 1.开篇点题 ① Good manners are very important in our daily life. （良好礼仪在我们的日常生活中非常重要。） ② It’s necessary for us to have good manners. （对我们来说，拥有良好礼仪是必要的。） 2.分点阐述 ① Firstly, we should be polite to our teachers and classmates. （首先，我们应该对老师和同学有礼貌。） ② Secondly, we need to help people in need. （其次，我们需要帮助有需要的人。） ③ Besides, we should not talk loudly in public. （此外，我们不应该在公共场合大声说话。） 3.意义阐述 ① Having good manners can help us make more friends. （拥有良好礼仪能帮助我们交到更多朋友。） ② Good manners can bring us respect from others. （良好礼仪能给我们带来他人的尊重。） 4.结尾表态 ① In my opinion, we should practice good manners from small things. （在我看来，我们应该从小事做起，践行良好礼仪。） ② Let’s try our best to be polite people. （让我们努力成为有礼貌的人。） （时间：30分钟，满分：50分） 1、 单词拼写（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. The children are playing ______ in the park, their parents are very happy. (noisy) 2. He is a ______ boy, he never shows off his achievements. (modest) 3. We should speak to others ______, it's a basic polite behaviour. (polite) 4. She ______ the gift from her friend because she didn't like it. (refuse) 5. The music is so beautiful that it ______ all the people in the hall. (move) 6. My mother ______ cooks breakfast for us at 7 o'clock in the morning. (normal) 7. After the talk, we all understand the problem ______. (full) 8. He ______ his name when the teacher called him yesterday. (reply) 9. The girl ______ her mother tightly when she saw her after a long time. (hug) 10. We can see many ______ on the ground, we should pick them up. (litter) 2、 单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. We should always wait in line when we take the bus, it's good ______ for us. A. manners B. litter C. tap D. plate 12. The teacher ______ Tom for his good behaviour in class yesterday. A. refused B. praised C. replied D. pushed 13. You should arrive at the meeting ______, or you will miss the important part. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. all the time 14. My new classmates are very friendly, I ______ in this new school soon. A. feel at home B. jump the line C. keep one's word D. belong to 15. ______ you study hard, you won't get good grades in the exam. A. If B. Because C. Unless D. Though 16. This beautiful house ______ an old man who lives in the village alone. A. belongs to B. used to C. all at once D. in one's way 17. It's ______ to talk loudly in the library, everyone should keep quiet there. A. polite B. impolite C. peaceful D. tasty 18. The little boy ______ the door and ran into the room when he saw his mother. A. rushed B. hugged C. kissed D. moved 19. My father always ______, so we all believe what he says. A. keeps his word B. jumps the line C. talks loudly D. behaves differently 20. We have a ______ about how to be a polite student in our class every month. A. tip B. circle C. discussion D. congratulation 3、 完成句子（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21. 尽管他很累，他还是耐心地帮助了我。 ______ ______ he was very tired, he helped me ______. 22. 我们应该学会尊敬地和长辈说话。 We should learn to speak to the elders ______. 23. 她很快就适应了在国外的生活。 She ______ ______ ______ ______ abroad soon. 24. 不要插队，这是不礼貌的行为。 Don't ______ ______ ______, it's an impolite act. 25. 所有的学生同时举起了他们的手。 All the students raised their hands ______ ______ ______. 26. 他意识到自己的错误并向我道歉了。 He ______ his mistake and ______ to me. 27. 这位主人非常好客，让我们感觉很自在。 The ______ is very ______ and makes us ______ ______ ______. 28. 除非你告诉我真相，否则我不会帮你。 I won't help you ______ you ______ me the truth. 29. 她公开地称赞了团队的努力和付出。 She ______ the team's efforts and hard work ______. 30. 不要挡道，我现在需要尽快出去。 Don't ______ ______ ______, I need to go out as soon as possible now. 4、 阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A One hot day, three friends named Lily, Max, and Sarah decided to treat themselves to some delicious ice-creams. As they got close to Sweet Delights, a famous ice-cream shop, they saw a long line of people waiting outside. But they really wanted the sweet treats, so they decided to wait patiently. The line was moving slowly, but the three friends made the waiting fun by talking about their favorite ice-creams and their turn to buy ice-creams. When it was finally their turn to buy ice-creams, something not so nice happened. A group of noisy teenagers came along and pushed their way in front of the three friends. Lily, Max, and Sarah felt upset and unfair. Lily, the bravest of them all, spoke up. “Excuse me, but I think it’s my turn next. Can you please check?” A big boy at the front looked surprised. But when he saw the angry looks of the people around him, he said, “Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t know. Please go on.” The three friends smiled. They went to the front and ordered their favorite ice-creams. As the three friends enjoyed their sweet treats, they talked about what had happened. They realized people sometimes ignore those who are patiently waiting for their turns. So, they decided to start a movement (运动) to remind people about fairness and politeness in lines. They made lots of colorful posters (海报) with “Excuse me, but I am next!” on them and gave them to schools and shops. It was successful! Sweet Delights quickly made signs and ropes to keep the line in the shop organized and fair. Many other shops also started to do the same. Everyone in town learned to be patient, polite and kind. Lily, Max, and Sarah were very happy to see that they made a difference! 31．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．The ice-cream shop was very big. B．The ice-cream shop was really popular. C．The three friends lived close to the ice-cream shop. D．The three friends might get their ice-creams quickly. 32．What happened when the three friends were buying ice-creams? A．Some people cut in line. B．Someone paid for them. C．Someone in the line fell down. D．Some people got angry in the long line. 33．The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________” A．pass by B．get on with C．pay no attention to D．take good care of 34．What was the three friends’ movement for? A．Thanking those patient and polite people. B．Asking people for advice about ice-creams. C．Introducing Sweet Delights to more people. D．Calling for people’s attention to fairness and politeness in lines. 35．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The difficulties the three friends faced. B．The difference the three friends made. C．The importance of educating teenagers. D．The ways of keeping order in restaurants. B Your handshake is a part of your first impression (印象). Do you want your handshake to say good things about you? Here are some ways to help you learn how to shake hands correctly. Know who to start. The person in a higher position or who is older should be the first one to reach out a hand. For example, if you are interviewed for a job, the interviewer should be the one to take the lead. Avoid offering an unannounced (未通知的) handshake. If you offer someone your hand when they aren’t paying attention, they may not shake hands with you. It doesn’t mean the person doesn’t want to shake your hand. So start with a greeting to let others know that you’re here. The handshake often lasts about 2 to 5 seconds. Most people don’t spend more time shaking hands. If the other person holds your hand for more than five seconds, politely take back your hand. Don’t show a sweaty (出汗的) hand. If you show someone a sweaty hand, you may make them uncomfortable. Before shaking their hands, dry your own hand. If you’re holding a drink, hold it in your left hand so that it won’t make your right hand wet or sweaty because we often use our right hands to shake hands with others. Shake hands in an up-and-down direction. Don’t go back and forth or side to side. Don’t shake the other person’s hand more than three times. It may make the other person uncomfortable. 36．Who should reach out a hand first if Bob visits his teacher Mr. Green? A．Mr. Green. B．Mrs. Green. C．Bob. D．Bob’s boss. 37．How can we avoid an unannounced handshake? A．By showing a sweaty hand. B．By shaking hands with a drink. C．By holding hands for a long time. D．By standing nearby and saying hello. 38．Why do you hold your drink in your left hand before shaking hands? A．Because we often use our right hands to shake hands with others. B．Because I like to hold things in my left hand. C．Because my left hand is strong enough to hold things. D．Because my left hand is often sweaty. 39．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to shake hands correctly B．Know who to shake hands with C．What to do before shaking hands D．When to shake hands with others 5、 完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） Lin Fei is studying English in New York now. He has not been there long, and he is quite amazed at the great 41 between American and Chinese cultures. For one thing, Americans and Chinese are different in arranging (安排) a visit. The Chinese usually call on their friends unexpectedly. However, Americans 42 making an appointment (预约) ahead. An unexpected visit is regarded as 43 . For another thing, their table 44 are different. Chinese usually eat directly from the serving dish. And during the meal, the hosts may keep putting food on the guests’ plates. However, an American only eats from 45 own plate. He never picks up food for others 46 he isn’t asked to do so. What’s more, they 47 differently when they receive complimentary remarks (赞美之辞). When a Chinese hostess is 48 for her cooking skills, for example, she will apologize (道歉) for being a poor cook at once. Yet an American hostess is likely to accept it. “Oh, I’m glad that you enjoy it. I went out of my way to cook it for you.” At the beginning, it was hard for Lin Fei to 49 things around him because of these cultural differences. But soon, he succeeded 50 adjusting to (适应) their way of doing things. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” he’d like to say when he was asked how he could get along in a new culture. 41．A．efforts B．customs C．senses D．differences 42．A．prefer B．cancel C．regret D．mind 43．A．impolite B．easy C．sudden D．local 44．A．opinions B．courses C．manners D．performances 45．A．her B．his C．your D．their 46．A．unless B．if C．so D．though 47．A．manage B．greet C．behave D．value 48．A．supposed B．exchanged C．allowed D．praised 49．A．stick to B．get used to C．pass by D．end up with 50．A．in B．at C．on D．with 6、 任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Travelling to another country is exciting and fun. But if you don’t learn about local traditions, your trip may get into trouble. To help stop things like that, I list some cultural taboos (禁忌) in several countries. Let’s take a look and then you can have a great trip there. Mexico In Mexico, bringing an expensive gift to someone’s home is a no-no. It could be seen as a bribe (贿赂). For local people, some simple things like flowers are good gifts. But you shouldn’t take along red flowers, because in Mexican culture, they symbolize death and can be connected with witchcraft (巫术). The US Americans have a tradition of tipping (给小费). You can tip waiters, taxi drivers, hotel doormen… nearly anyone with a service job. Pay attention when you talk with Americans. Questions like “How old are you?” may be common between friends. But as tourists in the US, it is not polite to ask people’s age. Britain British people are known for queuing. From the supermarket to the underground, queues are very common in Britain. Usually, it takes a British person six months of their life in queues. If you jump the queue in Britain, you may make them angry. Japan You should never wear shoes indoors in Japan. When visiting someone’s home, it is rude to enter with shoes on. Shoes should be taken off at the door and replaced with indoor slippers (拖鞋). This is also the same when you try clothes on in a clothes shop. You should take off your shoes before going into the fitting room (试衣间). There are indoor shoes prepared for customers inside. 51．What are good gifts for local people in Mexico? 52．Why shouldn’t tourists ask people’s age in the US? 53．How long does it usually take a British person in queues in his life? 54．What should you do before going into the fitting room in Japan? 55．What taboos do you have in your country? Why is it a taboo in your country? 七、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式，使短文通顺连贯。 For Chinese people, chopsticks (筷子) aren’t just for 56 (pick) up food, but also an important part of our 57 (tradition) culture. There are many special rules about how to use them correctly. When you are in China, it’s important 58 (know) something about them. Where did chopsticks come from? Long ago, people found it hard to eat hot or small food with 59 (they) hands. So, they had a clever idea. They used two small sticks to pick up food. It was the 60 (one) form (形式) of chopsticks. Then chopsticks became more and more popular. When people have meals, they 61 (usual) shouldn’t make noises with chopsticks. But some 62 (child) like to play with chopsticks, so parents often 63 (get) angry with them. Chopsticks have a special 64 (mean) in Chinese culture. Next time, when you pick up a pair of chopsticks, remember these 65 (interest) facts about them. 八、书面表达（共15分） 66．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友John对中国的文化很感兴趣。春节期间，他将来中国参加一个文化交流活动。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，用英语给他写一封电子邮件，介绍一些在中国参加社交活动时的基本礼仪。 Social Manners greeting manners smile, shake hands, greet politely… visiting manners make a phone call before you visit; bring a small gift… table manners … 要求：1. 短文内容应包含题目要求所给的全部信息，可适当发挥； 2. 语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于70。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。） Dear John, I’m excited that you’ll come to China for a cultural exchange during the Spring Festival. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope you have great fun in China during the Spring Festival. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Good manners（复习讲义) 单词 manners n.[pl.]礼仪，礼貌 litter n.垃圾 tap n.水龙头 patiently adv.耐心地 congratulation n.祝贺 hallway n.走廊；正门过道 normally adv.通常 address vt.称呼(某人) politeness n.礼貌 realize vt.(=realise)意识到 behave vi.表现 differently adv.不同地 praise n.& vt.称赞，赞美 pleased adj.高兴 reply vt.&vi.回答，答复 modest adj.谦虚的 openly adv.公开地，毫不隐瞒地 host n.主人 hospitable adj.好客的，热情友好的 plate n.盘子，碟子 refuse vi.&vt.拒绝，回绝 fully adv.完全地，全部地，充分地 loudly adv.吵闹地 push vi.&vt.挤开；推动 past prep.在另一边，到另一侧 discussion n.讨论 promise vt.&vi.承诺，许诺 pear n.梨 belong vi.应在(某处);适应 respectfully adv.尊敬地 move vt.(使)感动，打动 earphone n.耳机 circle n.圆圈 tip n.小费 peaceful adj.安静的，平静的 impolite adj.失礼的，粗鲁的 hug n.,vt.&vi.拥抱 kiss n.,vt.&vi.亲吻 quietly adv.安静地；平静地 rush vt.&vi.急促；仓促行事；冲 unless conj.除非 tasty adj.美味的，可口的 短语 good manners 良好的礼仪 say "please" and "thank you" 说“请”和“谢谢” drop litter 乱扔垃圾 leave the tap running 让水龙头一直流着 keep quiet 保持安静 pick flowers 摘花 follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 show respect for 对……表示尊重 jump the line 插队 in one's way挡道 keep one's word信守诺言 even though 尽管；即使 be different from 与……不同 when it comes to 当谈到……时 be too modest to 太谦虚而不…… hold the door for sb 为某人开门 keep one’s voice down 压低声音 wait in line排队等候 on time 准时 feel at home舒服自在，不拘束 used to sth/doing sth 习惯于...,适应... all at once一起；同时 belong to属于 句型 1.Good manners and kindness are always in fashion. 良好的礼仪和善良永远是流行的。 2.First, it's very important to show respect for your teachers. 首先，对老师表示尊重是非常重要的。 3.Remember, you shouldn't run in the hallways after class. 记住，课后不要在走廊里跑。 4.When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 5.My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home. 我的中国朋友非常善良，让我感觉宾至如归。 6.If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin. 如果你想对别人表示礼貌和尊重，用“您”准没错。 7.When I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying "Thank you", they often smile and reply, "Nali, nali." 当我表扬我的中国朋友时，他们不说“谢谢”，而是经常微笑着回答“哪里哪里”。 8.It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences. 一开始可能很难适应所有这些差异。 9.When you travel around the world, it is important to know enough information about the manners of different cultures. 当你环游世界时，了解足够多不同文化的礼仪信息是很重要的。 10.In many countries, people are patient enough to wait in line in banks and shops. 在许多国家，人们有足够的耐心在银行和商店排队。 11.The two students were too polite to wake him up, so they waited outside the house patiently. 这两个学生太有礼貌了，没有叫醒他，所以他们在屋外耐心等待。 12.We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 我们应该遵守这些规则，确保客人和主人在餐桌上都感到舒适。 语法 enough与too...to...的用法 写作 写一篇关于良好礼仪的文章 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 Part 1重点词汇与短语 1. behave (vi.) 表现 【教材原句】I've noticed some interesting differences in manners. In the UK, people use the word "please" all the time to be polite. The Chinese have their own way of being polite. I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently to the British when it comes to praise.（P66）我注意到在礼仪方面有一些有趣的差异。在英国，人们总是用“请”这个词来表示礼貌。中国人有自己表达礼貌的方式。我也意识到，在接受称赞时，中国人的表现和英国人不同。 【用法释义】 不及物动词，侧重“行为举止、表现”，尤指在特定场合的行为是否得体；主语通常是人，也可用于被动语态（behave oneself 表示“守规矩、举止得体”）。 【搭配回顾】 behave well（表现好）、behave badly（表现差）、behave oneself（守规矩）、behave differently（表现不同） 【典型例句】 We should behave politely in public places.（我们在公共场所应该举止得体。） The children behaved themselves at the party yesterday.（孩子们昨天在聚会上很守规矩。） 2. praise (n.&vt.) 称赞，赞美 【教材原句】If someone says my Chinese is good, I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language. But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying "Thank you", they often smile and reply, "Nali, nali."（P66）如果有人说我的中文很好，我会很开心，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言。但当我称赞我的中国朋友时，他们不会说“谢谢”，而是经常微笑着回答“哪里哪里”。 【用法释义】 可作动词，后接宾语（praise sb. for sth.）；也可作不可数名词（常用搭配in praise of sb./sth.），偶尔作可数名词（a praise，较少用）。 【搭配回顾】 praise sb. for sth.（因某事称赞某人）、in praise of（称赞……）、receive praise（受到称赞） 【典型例句】 The teacher praised her for her good performance in the exam.（老师因她考试表现好而称赞她。） Everyone spoke in praise of his kindness and good manners.（所有人都称赞他的善良和良好的礼仪。） 3. modest (adj.) 谦虚的 【教材原句】They are too modest to accept praise openly.（P66）他们太谦虚了，不会公开接受称赞。 【用法释义】 形容词，用于描述人“谦虚的、谦逊的”，反义词是proud（骄傲的）；常用结构too modest to do sth.（太谦虚而不能做某事），也可用于be modest about sth.（对某事谦虚）。 【搭配回顾】 be modest about sth.（对某事谦虚）、too modest to do sth.（太谦虚而不能做某事）、a modest person（一个谦虚的人） 【典型例句】 He is very modest about his achievements.（他对自己的成就非常谦虚。） She is too modest to talk about her own advantages.（她太谦虚了，不愿谈论自己的优点。） 4. refuse (vi.&vt.) 拒绝，回绝 【教材原句】I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse!（P67）我吃了很多，因为我太有礼貌了，不好意思拒绝！ 【用法释义】 可作及物动词，后接名词、代词或不定式（refuse to do sth.）；也可作不及物动词（refuse sth.），语气比decline（婉拒）更直接。 【搭配回顾】 refuse to do sth.（拒绝做某事）、refuse sth.（拒绝某物）、refuse an invitation（拒绝邀请） 【典型例句】 She refused to help me with my homework.（她拒绝帮我辅导作业。） He refused the gift politely because he didn't want to trouble others.（他礼貌地拒绝了礼物，因为他不想麻烦别人。） 5. realize (vt.) 意识到，认识到（=realise） 【教材原句】I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently to the British when it comes to praise.（P66）我也意识到，在接受称赞时，中国人的表现和英国人不同。 【用法释义】 及物动词，后接名词、代词或宾语从句，侧重“经过思考、体验后明白或意识到”，语气比know更强调“醒悟”的过程。 【搭配回顾】 realize one's mistake（意识到自己的错误）、realize the importance of（意识到……的重要性）、realize a dream（实现梦想） 【典型例句】 He finally realized that he was wrong about the manners.（他终于意识到自己在礼仪方面错了。） We must realize the importance of good manners in daily life.（我们必须意识到日常生活中良好礼仪的重要性。） 6. pleased (adj.) 高兴的，愉快的 【教材原句】If someone says my Chinese is good, I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language.（P66）如果有人说我的中文很好，我会很开心，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言。 【用法释义】 形容词，用于描述人“感到高兴的、满意的”，主语是人；常用结构be pleased to do sth.（高兴做某事）、be pleased with sth./sb.（对某事/某人满意）。 【搭配回顾】 be pleased to do sth.（高兴做某事）、be pleased with sb./sth.（对某人/某事满意）、be pleased at sth.（因某事高兴） 【典型例句】 I am pleased to hear that you have learned good manners.（听到你学会了良好的礼仪，我很高兴。） My teacher is pleased with my progress in English.（我的老师对我英语的进步很满意。） 7. wait in line 排队等候 【教材原句】Wait in line patiently.（P65）耐心排队等候。 【搭配回顾】 wait in line patiently（耐心排队）、wait in line for sth.（为某事/某物排队）、don't jump the line（不要插队） 【典型例句】 We should wait in line when we buy tickets in the museum.（我们在博物馆买票时应该排队等候。） It's good manners to wait in line quietly in public places.（在公共场所安静排队是良好的礼仪。） 8. on time 准时 【教材原句】And don't forget to come back to class on time.（P65）还有，别忘了准时回到教室。 短语用法：固定短语，强调“按照规定的时间，不早不晚”，区别于in time（及时）；可作状语，置于句末或句中。 【搭配回顾】 arrive on time（准时到达）、come on time（准时来）、be on time for sth.（准时参加某事） 【典型例句】 It's important to be on time for school every day.（每天准时上学很重要。） He always arrives on time for the meeting.（他开会总是准时到。） 9. feel at home 舒服自在，不拘束 【教材原句】My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home.（P66）我的中国朋友非常善良，让我感到宾至如归。 【搭配回顾】 make sb. feel at home（让某人感到自在）、feel at home in sp.（在某地感到自在） 【典型例句】 Her warm smile made me feel at home when I first came to the new class.（我刚到新班级时，她温暖的微笑让我感到很自在。） I feel at home in this small town because people are very kind.（我在这个小镇感到很自在，因为这里的人都很善良。） 10. used to sth/doing sth 习惯于某事（物），适应某事（物）（核心短语） 【教材原句】It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences.（P67）一开始可能很难适应所有这些差异。 【搭配回顾】 get used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事）、be used to sth.（习惯于某物）、get used to the life（适应生活） 【典型例句】 I have got used to eating Chinese food since I came to China.（自从来到中国，我已经习惯吃中国菜了。） She is used to the polite manners in this country.（她已经适应了这个国家的礼貌礼仪。） 11. rush (vt.&vi.) 急促；仓促行事；冲 【教材原句】If a friend invites you to dinner at their home, do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry.（P76）如果朋友邀请你去家里吃饭，除非你必须匆忙离开，否则不要匆匆吃饭。 【用法释义】 可作动词，表“急促行事、匆忙做某事”（rush sth.），也可表“冲、奔跑”（rush to sp.）；还可作名词（a rush，匆忙），结合单元礼仪主题，侧重“用餐、行事不仓促”。 【搭配回顾】 rush one's meal（匆匆吃饭）、rush to sp.（冲向某地）、in a rush（匆忙地） 【典型例句】 We should not rush when we are eating; it's bad manners.（我们吃饭时不应该匆忙，这是不礼貌的。） He rushed to the classroom to avoid being late.（他冲向教室，以免迟到。） 12. impolite (adj.) 失礼的，粗鲁的 【教材原句】This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors.（P74）这是非常失礼的，因为这会打扰到其他参观者。 【用法释义】 形容词，否定前缀im- + polite（礼貌的），表“不礼貌的、粗鲁的”；用于描述行为、言语等不符合礼仪规范，反义词是polite。 【搭配回顾】 be impolite to sb.（对某人失礼）、be impolite to do sth.（做某事是失礼的）、impolite behavior（失礼的行为） 【典型例句】 It is impolite to talk loudly in the library.（在图书馆大声说话是失礼的。） Don't be impolite to your teachers; we should show them respect.（不要对老师失礼，我们应该尊敬他们。） Part 2重点句式与结构 典型句式一：Remember, you shouldn't run in the hallways after class.记住，课后不要在走廊里奔跑。 【结构构成】 该句为并列复合句（由逗号连接两个简单句，表提醒+指令），可拆分为两部分： 1. 主句1（祈使句）：Remember（核心谓语，表“提醒、记住”）； 2. 主句2（陈述句，表具体提醒内容）：you（主语）+ shouldn't run（谓语部分，情态动词shouldn't+实义动词run）+ in the hallways（地点状语，表“在走廊里”）+ after class（时间状语，表“课后”）。 【核心句式】 祈使句 + 陈述句（祈使句表提醒，陈述句表具体指令），核心是“提醒某人不要做某事”。 【典型用法】 1. Remember开头的祈使句：用于日常提醒，语气较温和，后可接逗号+陈述句，也可接that从句（如Remember that you shouldn't run...）； 2. shouldn't + 动词原形：情态动词的否定用法，表“不应该做某事”，用于提出建议或规定，语气委婉，比mustn't（禁止）语气更缓和； 3. 介词短语作状语：in the hallways（地点状语）、after class（时间状语），用于明确动作发生的地点和时间，使句子意思更具体。 典型句式二：When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 【结构构成】 该句为复合句，包含时间状语从句的省略形式和方式状语从句，结构简洁： 1. 时间状语从句（省略形式）：When in Rome = When you are in Rome（主语you和系动词are省略，符合“当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词”的规则）； 2. 主句（祈使句）：do（核心谓语，表“做”）+ as the Romans do（方式状语从句，as表“像……一样”）； 3. 方式状语从句：the Romans（主语）+ do（谓语，代指前文的动作“do”，避免重复）。 【核心句式】 时间状语从句（省略形式）+ 祈使句 + 方式状语从句，核心是“在某种情境下，按照当地人的方式做事”。 【典型用法】 1. 状语从句的省略：when/while/if等引导的状语从句，主语与主句主语一致且含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词（如When (you are) tired, you can rest.）； 2. as引导方式状语从句：表“像……一样”，从句中常用do代指前文的动作，避免重复； 3. 固定谚语：本句是英语中经典谚语，用于建议他人尊重当地习俗，日常使用中可直接引用，无需补充完整从句。 典型句式三：If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin.如果你想向他人表示礼貌和尊重，使用“您”准没错。 【结构构成】 该句为条件状语复合句，由if引导条件状语从句，主句表结果： 1. 条件状语从句：If（引导词，表“如果”）+ you（主语）+ want（谓语）+ to show politeness and respect for others（宾语，动词不定式短语，表“向他人表示礼貌和尊重”）； 2. 主句：you（主语）+ can't go wrong（谓语部分，固定搭配，表“不会出错、准没错”）+ with nin（状语，表“用nin”）。 【核心句式】 If + 条件状语从句（主语+want to do sth）+ 主句（主语+can't go wrong with sth），核心是“如果想做某事，用某物/某种方式准没错”。 【典型用法】 1. if引导条件状语从句：表“如果”，从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词（can't）表建议或判断； 2. want to do sth：固定搭配，表“想要做某事”，want后接动词不定式作宾语； 3. show respect for sb：固定短语，表“向某人表示尊重”，同义短语为show respect to sb； 4. can't go wrong with sth：口语和书面语中常用的固定表达，表“做某事/用某物不会出错、很稳妥”，语气亲切，用于给出建议（如You can't go wrong with this book. 这本书准没错）。 典型句式四：When you travel around the world, it is important to know enough information about the manners of different cultures.当你环游世界时，了解足够多不同文化的礼仪知识是很重要的。 【结构构成】 该句为复合句，包含时间状语从句和主句（形式主语结构），结构清晰： 1. 时间状语从句：When（引导词）+ you（主语）+ travel around the world（谓语部分，travel around表“环游”）； 2. 主句（形式主语结构）：it（形式主语，代指后面的真正主语）+ is（系动词）+ important（表语，表“重要的”）+ to know enough information about the manners of different cultures（真正主语，动词不定式短语）； 3. 真正主语拆解：to know（不定式核心）+ enough information（宾语，“足够的信息”）+ about the manners of different cultures（定语，修饰information，表“关于不同文化礼仪的”）。 【核心句式】 When + 时间状语从句 + it is + 形容词 + to do sth（形式主语结构），核心是“在某种情境下，做某事是……的”。 【典型用法】 1. 形式主语it：当真正主语（动词不定式短语、从句等）较长时，用it作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻，其结构为it is + 形容词 + to do sth（如It is necessary to study hard.）； 2. travel around the world：固定短语，表“环游世界”，同义表达有travel all over the world； 3. enough的用法：enough作形容词时，修饰名词，放在名词前（enough information）；作副词时，修饰形容词/副词，放在后面（如tall enough）； 4. about短语作定语：about the manners of different cultures修饰information，明确信息的范围，of短语（the manners of different cultures）表“不同文化的礼仪”，表所属关系。 典型句式五：We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.我们应该遵守这些规则，以确保宾客和主人在餐桌上都感到舒适。 【结构构成】 该句为复合句，包含主句、目的状语和宾语从句，结构完整： 1. 主句：We（主语）+ should follow（谓语部分，情态动词should+实义动词follow）+ these rules（宾语，“这些规则”）； 2. 目的状语：to make sure that...（动词不定式短语，表“为了确保……”，说明遵守规则的目的）； 3. 宾语从句（作make sure的宾语）：that（引导词，可省略）+ both guests and hosts（主语，“宾客和主人”）+ are（系动词）+ comfortable（表语，“舒适的”）+ at the table（地点状语，“在餐桌上”）。 【核心句式】 主语 + should + 动词原形 + 宾语 + to do sth（目的状语）+ that宾语从句，核心是“某人应该做某事，以确保……”。 【典型用法】 1. should + 动词原形：情态动词should表“应该”，用于提出建议、义务或责任，语气委婉，比must更温和； 2. follow the rules：固定短语，表“遵守规则”，follow此处意为“遵循、遵守”，同义短语为obey the rules； 3. to do sth作目的状语：动词不定式短语放在句末，表“为了做某事”，说明前面动作的目的（如I study hard to get good grades.）； 4. make sure that从句：固定搭配，表“确保、保证”，that引导的宾语从句表需要确保的内容，that可省略； 5. both...and...：固定连词，表“两者都……”，连接两个并列的名词（guests and hosts），谓语动词用复数形式（are）。 单元语法：enough与too...to...的用法 enough 的用法 用法分类 结构说明 核心含义 例句 注意事项 作形容词（修饰名词） enough + 名词（可修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词） “足够的……”，表示数量或程度满足需求 1. We have enough time to finish the homework.（我们有足够的时间完成作业。） 2. There is enough water in the bottle.（瓶子里有足够的水。） 放在所修饰的名词前面，不可后置 作副词（修饰形容词/副词） 形容词/副词 + enough “足够……”，表示程度达到要求 1. The movie is interesting enough.（这部电影足够有趣。） 2. He runs fast enough to catch the bus.（他跑得足够快，能赶上公交车。） 必须放在所修饰的形容词/副词后面，这是高频考点 常见搭配：enough to do sth 形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth（表肯定，“足够……能做某事”） 表示主语具备某种能力或条件，能完成后面的动作 1. She is old enough to go to school.（她足够大了，可以去上学了。） 2. This pen writes well enough to use.（这支笔写起来足够好，可以使用。） to do sth 是目的状语，主语与不定式逻辑上是主动关系 too...to... 的用法 用法分类 结构说明 核心含义 例句 注意事项 基本用法（表否定） too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth “太……而不能做某事”，否定含义，强调程度过高，无法完成动作 1. The box is too heavy to carry.（这个箱子太重了，搬不动。） 2. He runs too slowly to catch the bus.（他跑得太慢，赶不上公交车。） 1. too 后面只能接形容词或副词，不能接名词；2. 本身含否定意义，不需要再加 not 常见变形：too + adj + for sb + to do sth too + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth “对某人来说，太……而不能做某事”，明确动作的对象 1. This book is too difficult for me to read.（这本书对我来说太难了，读不懂。） 2. The shirt is too small for him to wear.（这件衬衫对他来说太小了，穿不上。） for sb 是介词短语，说明动作的承受者，sb 作不定式的逻辑宾语 易错点辨析 too...to... 与 enough to do sth 对比 too...to... 表否定（不能做），enough to do sth 表肯定（能做），二者可转换 1. He is too young to go to school.（否定） 2. He is not old enough to go to school.（否定，与上句同义） 3. He is old enough to go to school.（肯定，与上句反义） 转换时，需将 too 后的形容词变为反义词，再加 not enough 单元写作：写一篇关于良好礼仪的文章 主｜题｜解｜析 一、写作主题 本单元写作围绕“良好礼仪”展开，结合初中生的日常生活场景（校园、家庭、公共场合），说明良好礼仪的重要性、具体表现，表达自己对良好礼仪的看法和践行决心，语言符合八年级英语水平，语法正确、语句通顺。 二、内容要点 核心要点（必写）： 开篇点题：良好礼仪是一种美德，在日常生活中很重要（Good manners are a kind of virtue and very important in our daily life.）； 具体表现：分场景描述良好礼仪的行为（校园、家庭、公共场合各1-2个具体例子）； 重要意义：拥有良好礼仪能帮助我们结交朋友、赢得尊重，让社会更和谐； 结尾表态：我们应该从小事做起，努力成为有礼貌的人。 补充要点（可选，提升文章丰富度）： 提及身边不礼貌的行为，对比突出良好礼仪的重要性； 引用简单的谚语（如“Politeness costs nothing but wins everything.”），增强文章亮点。 三、写作思路 段落 段落功能 核心内容 第一段（开头） 开篇点题，引出主题 说明良好礼仪的定义/地位，强调其重要性 第二段（主体） 分点阐述，具体展开 结合校园、家庭、公共场合，描述良好礼仪的具体行为 第三段（结尾） 总结升华，表达决心 说明良好礼仪的意义，表态自己要践行良好礼仪 构｜思｜写｜作 步骤1：审题立意（3分钟） 明确写作主题是“good manners”，体裁为说明文（介绍类短文），读者是老师和同学，语言风格要简洁、真诚，符合八年级学生的表达习惯，核心是“说明良好礼仪的重要性+具体表现+自身决心”，避免偏离主题。 步骤2：列提纲（2分钟） 根据写作思路，快速列出简单提纲，避免写作时遗漏要点： 开头：Good manners are important in our life. 主体：①校园（问候老师、帮助同学）；②家庭（尊重父母、主动做家务）；③公共场合（排队、不大声喧哗）。 结尾：We should keep good manners and be polite people. 步骤3：遣词造句（8分钟） 结合词汇与句型提示，将提纲中的要点转化为完整句子，注意语法正确（时态以一般现在时为主，主谓一致），语句通顺，避免重复表达。遇到不会写的单词，用简单的同义词或短语替换（如“important”可替换为“necessary”）。 步骤4：连句成篇（5分钟） 用过渡词（如firstly, secondly, finally, besides, in my opinion等）连接各个句子和段落，使文章逻辑连贯、条理清晰。检查段落之间的衔接，确保上下文流畅，没有语法错误。 步骤5：检查修改（2分钟） 重点检查：①要点是否齐全（有没有涵盖重要性、具体表现、自身决心）；②语法是否正确（时态、主谓一致、单词拼写）；③语句是否通顺，过渡是否自然，字数是否达标。 范｜文｜示｜例 【范例作文】 Good manners are a kind of virtue and very important in our daily life. They can help us win respect and make more friends. Firstly, at school, we should greet our teachers when we meet them and help our classmates with their lessons. Secondly, at home, we need to respect our parents and help them do some housework. Besides, in public, we should wait in line and not talk loudly. We should also avoid impolite behaviors. In my opinion, good manners are necessary for everyone. We should practice them from small things and try our best to be polite people. 【范文分析】 结构完整：严格按照“开头-主体-结尾”的思路写作，涵盖了所有核心要点（重要性、具体表现、意义、自身决心），逻辑清晰，过渡自然（用firstly, secondly, besides等过渡词）。 语言达标：运用了八年级重点词汇（manners, virtue, respect, greet, help等）和常用句型，语法正确（一般现在时为主，主谓一致），语句通顺，没有拼写错误，字数达标（85词）。 亮点突出：① 开篇点题明确，结尾升华到位；② 分场景阐述，内容具体，贴合初中生的生活实际；③ 运用了“besides”“in my opinion”等短语，使文章更具层次感。 不足之处：部分句子表达较为简单，可适当丰富句式；缺少一句谚语或名言，亮点不够突出。 优｜化｜策｜略 1.丰富句式：将简单句改为复合句或并列句，提升文章文采。例如： 原句：Good manners are a kind of virtue and very important in our daily life. （简单句） 优化：As we all know, good manners are a kind of virtue and they are very important in our daily life. （加入as引导的状语从句，更丰富） 2.增加亮点：加入一句简单的谚语，贴合主题，提升文章档次（不超纲）。 例如：在开头或结尾加入“Politeness costs nothing but wins everything.”（礼貌不费分文，却能赢得一切。） 3.细化内容：在具体表现部分，增加简单的细节描写，使内容更生动。例如： 原句：we should greet our teachers when we meet them. （简单描述） 优化：we should greet our teachers with a smile when we meet them in the hallway. （加入“with a smile”“in the hallway”，细节更具体） 4.优化过渡：可在结尾前加入一句总结性过渡句，使结尾更自然。 例如：Good manners can make our world a better place.（良好礼仪能让我们的世界变得更美好。） 【升级范文】 As we all know, good manners are a kind of virtue and they are very important in our daily life. “Politeness costs nothing but wins everything.” It’s true that good manners can help us win respect and make more friends. Firstly, at school, we should greet our teachers with a smile when we meet them in the hallway and help our classmates with their lessons. Secondly, at home, we need to respect our parents and help them do some easy housework, like cleaning the room. Besides, in public, we should wait in line and not talk loudly. We should also avoid impolite behaviors. Good manners can make our world a better place. In my opinion, they are necessary for everyone. We should practice them from small things and try our best to be polite people. 参｜考｜词｜句 （一）核心词汇 1. 名词类 manners（礼仪，复数）、virtue（美德）、politeness（礼貌）、behavior（行为）、respect（尊重）、friendship（友谊） 2. 动词类 greet（问候）、help（帮助）、respect（尊重）、obey（遵守）、avoid（避免）、practice（践行） 3. 形容词类 polite（有礼貌的）、kind（善良的）、friendly（友好的）、important（重要的）、necessary（必要的）、impolite（不礼貌的，反义词） 4. 短语类 good manners（良好礼仪）、say hello to（向……问好）、help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做某事）、be polite to sb.（对某人有礼貌）、in public（在公共场合）、wait in line（排队）、take care of（照顾） （二）常用句型 1.开篇点题 ① Good manners are very important in our daily life. （良好礼仪在我们的日常生活中非常重要。） ② It’s necessary for us to have good manners. （对我们来说，拥有良好礼仪是必要的。） 2.分点阐述 ① Firstly, we should be polite to our teachers and classmates. （首先，我们应该对老师和同学有礼貌。） ② Secondly, we need to help people in need. （其次，我们需要帮助有需要的人。） ③ Besides, we should not talk loudly in public. （此外，我们不应该在公共场合大声说话。） 3.意义阐述 ① Having good manners can help us make more friends. （拥有良好礼仪能帮助我们交到更多朋友。） ② Good manners can bring us respect from others. （良好礼仪能给我们带来他人的尊重。） 4.结尾表态 ① In my opinion, we should practice good manners from small things. （在我看来，我们应该从小事做起，践行良好礼仪。） ② Let’s try our best to be polite people. （让我们努力成为有礼貌的人。） （时间：30分钟，满分：50分） 1、 单词拼写（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. The children are playing ______ in the park, their parents are very happy. (noisy) 2. He is a ______ boy, he never shows off his achievements. (modest) 3. We should speak to others ______, it's a basic polite behaviour. (polite) 4. She ______ the gift from her friend because she didn't like it. (refuse) 5. The music is so beautiful that it ______ all the people in the hall. (move) 6. My mother ______ cooks breakfast for us at 7 o'clock in the morning. (normal) 7. After the talk, we all understand the problem ______. (full) 8. He ______ his name when the teacher called him yesterday. (reply) 9. The girl ______ her mother tightly when she saw her after a long time. (hug) 10. We can see many ______ on the ground, we should pick them up. (litter) 2、 单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. We should always wait in line when we take the bus, it's good ______ for us. A. manners B. litter C. tap D. plate 12. The teacher ______ Tom for his good behaviour in class yesterday. A. refused B. praised C. replied D. pushed 13. You should arrive at the meeting ______, or you will miss the important part. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. all the time 14. My new classmates are very friendly, I ______ in this new school soon. A. feel at home B. jump the line C. keep one's word D. belong to 15. ______ you study hard, you won't get good grades in the exam. A. If B. Because C. Unless D. Though 16. This beautiful house ______ an old man who lives in the village alone. A. belongs to B. used to C. all at once D. in one's way 17. It's ______ to talk loudly in the library, everyone should keep quiet there. A. polite B. impolite C. peaceful D. tasty 18. The little boy ______ the door and ran into the room when he saw his mother. A. rushed B. hugged C. kissed D. moved 19. My father always ______, so we all believe what he says. A. keeps his word B. jumps the line C. talks loudly D. behaves differently 20. We have a ______ about how to be a polite student in our class every month. A. tip B. circle C. discussion D. congratulation 3、 完成句子（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21. 尽管他很累，他还是耐心地帮助了我。 ______ ______ he was very tired, he helped me ______. 22. 我们应该学会尊敬地和长辈说话。 We should learn to speak to the elders ______. 23. 她很快就适应了在国外的生活。 She ______ ______ ______ ______ abroad soon. 24. 不要插队，这是不礼貌的行为。 Don't ______ ______ ______, it's an impolite act. 25. 所有的学生同时举起了他们的手。 All the students raised their hands ______ ______ ______. 26. 他意识到自己的错误并向我道歉了。 He ______ his mistake and ______ to me. 27. 这位主人非常好客，让我们感觉很自在。 The ______ is very ______ and makes us ______ ______ ______. 28. 除非你告诉我真相，否则我不会帮你。 I won't help you ______ you ______ me the truth. 29. 她公开地称赞了团队的努力和付出。 She ______ the team's efforts and hard work ______. 30. 不要挡道，我现在需要尽快出去。 Don't ______ ______ ______, I need to go out as soon as possible now. 4、 阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A One hot day, three friends named Lily, Max, and Sarah decided to treat themselves to some delicious ice-creams. As they got close to Sweet Delights, a famous ice-cream shop, they saw a long line of people waiting outside. But they really wanted the sweet treats, so they decided to wait patiently. The line was moving slowly, but the three friends made the waiting fun by talking about their favorite ice-creams and their turn to buy ice-creams. When it was finally their turn to buy ice-creams, something not so nice happened. A group of noisy teenagers came along and pushed their way in front of the three friends. Lily, Max, and Sarah felt upset and unfair. Lily, the bravest of them all, spoke up. “Excuse me, but I think it’s my turn next. Can you please check?” A big boy at the front looked surprised. But when he saw the angry looks of the people around him, he said, “Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t know. Please go on.” The three friends smiled. They went to the front and ordered their favorite ice-creams. As the three friends enjoyed their sweet treats, they talked about what had happened. They realized people sometimes ignore those who are patiently waiting for their turns. So, they decided to start a movement (运动) to remind people about fairness and politeness in lines. They made lots of colorful posters (海报) with “Excuse me, but I am next!” on them and gave them to schools and shops. It was successful! Sweet Delights quickly made signs and ropes to keep the line in the shop organized and fair. Many other shops also started to do the same. Everyone in town learned to be patient, polite and kind. Lily, Max, and Sarah were very happy to see that they made a difference! 31．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．The ice-cream shop was very big. B．The ice-cream shop was really popular. C．The three friends lived close to the ice-cream shop. D．The three friends might get their ice-creams quickly. 32．What happened when the three friends were buying ice-creams? A．Some people cut in line. B．Someone paid for them. C．Someone in the line fell down. D．Some people got angry in the long line. 33．The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________” A．pass by B．get on with C．pay no attention to D．take good care of 34．What was the three friends’ movement for? A．Thanking those patient and polite people. B．Asking people for advice about ice-creams. C．Introducing Sweet Delights to more people. D．Calling for people’s attention to fairness and politeness in lines. 35．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The difficulties the three friends faced. B．The difference the three friends made. C．The importance of educating teenagers. D．The ways of keeping order in restaurants. B Your handshake is a part of your first impression (印象). Do you want your handshake to say good things about you? Here are some ways to help you learn how to shake hands correctly. Know who to start. The person in a higher position or who is older should be the first one to reach out a hand. For example, if you are interviewed for a job, the interviewer should be the one to take the lead. Avoid offering an unannounced (未通知的) handshake. If you offer someone your hand when they aren’t paying attention, they may not shake hands with you. It doesn’t mean the person doesn’t want to shake your hand. So start with a greeting to let others know that you’re here. The handshake often lasts about 2 to 5 seconds. Most people don’t spend more time shaking hands. If the other person holds your hand for more than five seconds, politely take back your hand. Don’t show a sweaty (出汗的) hand. If you show someone a sweaty hand, you may make them uncomfortable. Before shaking their hands, dry your own hand. If you’re holding a drink, hold it in your left hand so that it won’t make your right hand wet or sweaty because we often use our right hands to shake hands with others. Shake hands in an up-and-down direction. Don’t go back and forth or side to side. Don’t shake the other person’s hand more than three times. It may make the other person uncomfortable. 36．Who should reach out a hand first if Bob visits his teacher Mr. Green? A．Mr. Green. B．Mrs. Green. C．Bob. D．Bob’s boss. 37．How can we avoid an unannounced handshake? A．By showing a sweaty hand. B．By shaking hands with a drink. C．By holding hands for a long time. D．By standing nearby and saying hello. 38．Why do you hold your drink in your left hand before shaking hands? A．Because we often use our right hands to shake hands with others. B．Because I like to hold things in my left hand. C．Because my left hand is strong enough to hold things. D．Because my left hand is often sweaty. 39．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to shake hands correctly B．Know who to shake hands with C．What to do before shaking hands D．When to shake hands with others 5、 完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） Lin Fei is studying English in New York now. He has not been there long, and he is quite amazed at the great 41 between American and Chinese cultures. For one thing, Americans and Chinese are different in arranging (安排) a visit. The Chinese usually call on their friends unexpectedly. However, Americans 42 making an appointment (预约) ahead. An unexpected visit is regarded as 43 . For another thing, their table 44 are different. Chinese usually eat directly from the serving dish. And during the meal, the hosts may keep putting food on the guests’ plates. However, an American only eats from 45 own plate. He never picks up food for others 46 he isn’t asked to do so. What’s more, they 47 differently when they receive complimentary remarks (赞美之辞). When a Chinese hostess is 48 for her cooking skills, for example, she will apologize (道歉) for being a poor cook at once. Yet an American hostess is likely to accept it. “Oh, I’m glad that you enjoy it. I went out of my way to cook it for you.” At the beginning, it was hard for Lin Fei to 49 things around him because of these cultural differences. But soon, he succeeded 50 adjusting to (适应) their way of doing things. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” he’d like to say when he was asked how he could get along in a new culture. 41．A．efforts B．customs C．senses D．differences 42．A．prefer B．cancel C．regret D．mind 43．A．impolite B．easy C．sudden D．local 44．A．opinions B．courses C．manners D．performances 45．A．her B．his C．your D．their 46．A．unless B．if C．so D．though 47．A．manage B．greet C．behave D．value 48．A．supposed B．exchanged C．allowed D．praised 49．A．stick to B．get used to C．pass by D．end up with 50．A．in B．at C．on D．with 6、 任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Travelling to another country is exciting and fun. But if you don’t learn about local traditions, your trip may get into trouble. To help stop things like that, I list some cultural taboos (禁忌) in several countries. Let’s take a look and then you can have a great trip there. Mexico In Mexico, bringing an expensive gift to someone’s home is a no-no. It could be seen as a bribe (贿赂). For local people, some simple things like flowers are good gifts. But you shouldn’t take along red flowers, because in Mexican culture, they symbolize death and can be connected with witchcraft (巫术). The US Americans have a tradition of tipping (给小费). You can tip waiters, taxi drivers, hotel doormen… nearly anyone with a service job. Pay attention when you talk with Americans. Questions like “How old are you?” may be common between friends. But as tourists in the US, it is not polite to ask people’s age. Britain British people are known for queuing. From the supermarket to the underground, queues are very common in Britain. Usually, it takes a British person six months of their life in queues. If you jump the queue in Britain, you may make them angry. Japan You should never wear shoes indoors in Japan. When visiting someone’s home, it is rude to enter with shoes on. Shoes should be taken off at the door and replaced with indoor slippers (拖鞋). This is also the same when you try clothes on in a clothes shop. You should take off your shoes before going into the fitting room (试衣间). There are indoor shoes prepared for customers inside. 51．What are good gifts for local people in Mexico? 52．Why shouldn’t tourists ask people’s age in the US? 53．How long does it usually take a British person in queues in his life? 54．What should you do before going into the fitting room in Japan? 55．What taboos do you have in your country? Why is it a taboo in your country? 七、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式，使短文通顺连贯。 For Chinese people, chopsticks (筷子) aren’t just for 56 (pick) up food, but also an important part of our 57 (tradition) culture. There are many special rules about how to use them correctly. When you are in China, it’s important 58 (know) something about them. Where did chopsticks come from? Long ago, people found it hard to eat hot or small food with 59 (they) hands. So, they had a clever idea. They used two small sticks to pick up food. It was the 60 (one) form (形式) of chopsticks. Then chopsticks became more and more popular. When people have meals, they 61 (usual) shouldn’t make noises with chopsticks. But some 62 (child) like to play with chopsticks, so parents often 63 (get) angry with them. Chopsticks have a special 64 (mean) in Chinese culture. Next time, when you pick up a pair of chopsticks, remember these 65 (interest) facts about them. 八、书面表达（共15分） 66．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友John对中国的文化很感兴趣。春节期间，他将来中国参加一个文化交流活动。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，用英语给他写一封电子邮件，介绍一些在中国参加社交活动时的基本礼仪。 Social Manners greeting manners smile, shake hands, greet politely… visiting manners make a phone call before you visit; bring a small gift… table manners … 要求：1. 短文内容应包含题目要求所给的全部信息，可适当发挥； 2. 语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于70。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。） Dear John, I’m excited that you’ll come to China for a cultural exchange during the Spring Festival. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope you have great fun in China during the Spring Festival. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 答案与解析 一、 【答案】 1. loudly 2. modest 3. politely 4. refused 5. moves 6. normally 7. fully 8. replied 9. hugged 10. litters 【解析】 1. 空格处修饰动词playing，需用副词，noisy的副词形式为loudly（吵闹地）。 2. 空格处修饰名词boy，需用形容词，modest本身为形容词（谦虚的），无需变形。 3. 空格处修饰动词speak，需用副词，polite的副词形式为politely（有礼貌地）。 4. 根据后文“didn't like it”可知句子为一般过去时，refuse的过去式为refused（拒绝）。 5. 主句为一般现在时，结果状语从句也用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，move的第三人称单数形式为moves（打动，使感动）。 6. 空格处修饰动词cooks，需用副词，normal的副词形式为normally（通常）。 7. 空格处修饰动词understand，需用副词，full的副词形式为fully（完全地）。 8. 根据后文“called”可知句子为一般过去时，reply的过去式为replied（回答，答复）。 9. 根据后文“saw”可知句子为一般过去时，hug的过去式为hugged（拥抱）。 10. many后接可数名词复数，litter表示“垃圾，废弃物”时，可数形式为litters（具体的垃圾）。 # 答案与解析 二、 【答案】11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.A 1 7.B 18.A 19.A 20.C 【解析】 11. 句意：我们乘公交车时应该排队等候，这对我们来说是良好的礼仪。A项manners（礼仪，礼貌）符合句意；B项litter（垃圾），C项tap（水龙头），D项plate（盘子）均不符合。 12. 句意：老师昨天表扬了汤姆在课堂上的良好表现。B项praised（称赞，赞美），praise sb for sth为固定搭配“因某事表扬某人”；A项refused（拒绝），C项replied（回答），D项pushed（推）均不符合。 13. 句意：你应该准时参加会议，否则你会错过重要的部分。B项on time（准时）符合句意；A项in time（及时），C项at times（有时），D项all the time（一直）均不符合。 14. 句意：我的新同学非常友好，我很快在这所新学校感到自在。A项feel at home（舒服自在，不拘束）符合句意；B项jump the line（插队），C项keep one's word（信守诺言），D项belong to（属于）均不符合。 15. 句意：除非你努力学习，否则你考试不会取得好成绩。C项Unless（除非）符合句意；A项If（如果），B项Because（因为），D项Though（尽管）均不符合。 16. 句意：这座漂亮的房子属于一位独自住在村里的老人。A项belongs to（属于），主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；B项used to（习惯于），C项all at once（一起），D项in one's way（挡道）均不符合。 17. 句意：在图书馆大声说话是不礼貌的，每个人都应该在那里保持安静。B项impolite（失礼的，粗鲁的）符合句意；A项polite（有礼貌的），C项peaceful（安静的），D项tasty（美味的）均不符合。 18. 句意：小男孩看到妈妈时，冲过门跑进了房间。A项rushed（冲，急促）符合句意；B项hugged（拥抱），C项kissed（亲吻），D项moved（感动）均不符合。 19. 句意：我爸爸总是信守诺言，所以我们都相信他说的话。A项keeps his word（信守诺言），主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；B项jumps the line（插队），C项talks loudly（大声说话），D项behaves differently（表现不同）均不符合。 20. 句意：我们班每个月都会讨论如何做一个有礼貌的学生。C项discussion（讨论），have a discussion about为固定搭配“关于……进行讨论”；A项tip（小费），B项circle（圆圈），D项congratulation（祝贺）均不符合。 三、 【答案】 21. Even though; patiently 22. respectfully 23. got used to living; life 24. jump the line 25. all at once 26. realized; replied/apologized 27. host; hospitable; feel at home 28. unless; tell 29. praised; openly 30. get in my way 【解析】 21. even though为固定短语“尽管；即使”，句首首字母大写；patiently为副词“耐心地”，修饰动词help。 22. respectfully为副词“尊敬地”，修饰动词speak，符合“副词修饰动词”的语法规则。 23. get used to doing sth为固定搭配“习惯于做某事”，live abroad表示“在国外生活”，根据“很快”可知用一般过去时，故get变为got；也可填got used to the life，the life abroad表示“国外的生活”，同样符合题意。 24. jump the line为固定短语“插队”，Don't后接动词原形。 25. all at once为固定短语“一起；同时”，在句中作状语。 26. realize为动词“意识到”，reply to sb为固定搭配“向某人回应/道歉”，根据“道歉了”可知用一般过去时，故realize变为realized，reply变为replied；也可填apologized，apologize to sb也表示“向某人道歉”。 27. host为名词“主人”；hospitable为形容词“好客的”；feel at home为固定短语“舒服自在，不拘束”，make sb do sth为固定搭配，故feel用原形。 28. unless为连词“除非”；tell sb the truth为固定搭配“告诉某人真相”，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语为you，故tell用原形。 29. praise为动词“称赞，赞美”，根据句意可知用一般过去时，故praise变为praised；openly为副词“公开地”，修饰动词praised。 30. get in one's way为固定短语“挡道”，主语为I，故one's变为my；Don't后接动词原形。 四、 A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了三个朋友在排队买冰淇淋，遇到不守规则插队的人，有一个小伙伴勇敢站出来维护了公平，最后他们开始了一项运动，提醒人们排队时的公平和礼貌。 31．细节理解题。根据文中“As they got close to Sweet Delights, a famous ice-cream shop, they saw a long line of people waiting outside.”可知，这个冰淇淋店很受欢迎。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据文中“When it was finally their turn to buy ice-creams, something not so nice happened. A group of noisy teenagers came along and pushed their way in front of the three friends. ”可知，有人插队了。故选A。 33．词义猜测题。根据“who are patiently waiting for their turns. So, they decided to start a movement (运动) to remind people about fairness and politeness in lines.”可知，人们有时会忽略耐心排队的人，所以ignore意为“忽略”。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据文中“So, they decided to start a movement (运动) to remind people about fairness and politeness in lines.”可知，他们的活动是为了提醒人们排队时的礼貌和公平。故选D。 35．主旨大意题。根据“They made lots of colorful posters (海报) with...quickly made signs and ropes to keep the line in the shop organized and fair. Many other shops also started to do the same.”可知，最后一段主要介绍的是三个朋友发起的活动，以及这个活动带来的影响。故选B。 B 36．A 37．D 38．A 39．C 40．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何正确握手以给人留下良好的第一印象，包括握手的礼仪和注意事项等。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段“The person in a higher position or who is older should be the first one to reach out a hand.”可知，地位高的或年纪大的人先伸手，所以先伸手的人应该是Mr. Green。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“Avoid offering an unannounced handshake... So start with a greeting to let others know that you’re here.”可知，为了避免未经通知的握手，可以从问候开始，让别人知道你在这里。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据第五段“If you’re holding a drink, hold it in your left hand so that it won’t make your right hand wet or sweaty because we often use our right hands to shake hands with others.”可知，因为我们经常用右手与别人握手，所以要用左手拿着饮料，这样右手才不会弄湿或出汗。故选A。 39．篇章结构题。本文第一段给出了文章的主旨：如何正确握手；接下来的第二到六段，介绍了具体的细节。所以文章结构为总-分。故选C。 40．最佳标题题。根据第一段“Your handshake is a part of your first impression. Do you want your handshake to say good things about you? Here are some ways to help you learn how to shake hands correctly.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何正确握手。故选A。 五、 41．D 42．A 43．A 44．C 45．B 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．B 50．A 【解析】本文讲述了Lin Fei在纽约学习时，发现中美文化在拜访、用餐、回应赞美等方面的差异，以及他适应这些差异的经历。 41．句意：他对中美文化之间的巨大差异感到十分惊讶。 efforts努力；customs习俗；senses感觉；differences差异。根据全文内容及“between American and Chinese cultures”可知，此处指文化差异。故选D。 42．句意：然而，美国人更喜欢提前预约。 prefer更喜欢；cancel取消；regret后悔；mind介意。根据“The Chinese usually call on their friends unexpectedly. However...”的转折关系可知，美国人更喜欢提前预约。故选A。 43．句意：突然的拜访被认为是不礼貌的。 impolite不礼貌的；easy容易的；sudden突然的；local当地的。根据“Americans prefer making an appointment ahead”可知，突然拜访在美国被认为是不礼貌的。故选A。 44．句意：另一方面，他们的餐桌礼仪不同。 opinions观点；courses课程；manners礼仪；performances表现。根据“Chinese usually eat directly from the serving dish... an American only eats from his own plate”可知，此处指餐桌礼仪。故选C。 45．句意：然而，美国人只吃自己盘子里的食物。 her她的；his他的；your你的；their他们的。根据主语“an American”可知，此处用his指代 “他的”。故选B。 46．句意：如果没有被要求，他从不为别人夹菜。 unless除非；if如果；so所以；though虽然。根据“he isn’t asked to do so”的条件可知，此处表示如果没被要求就不夹菜。故选B。 47．句意：此外，他们在收到赞美时的表现不同。 manage管理；greet问候；behave表现；value重视。根据“When a Chinese hostess... Yet an American hostess is likely to accept it”可知，此处指回应赞美时的表现不同。故选C。 48．句意：例如，当一位中国女主人因厨艺被称赞时，她会立刻道歉说自己厨艺不好。 supposed被期望；exchanged交换；allowed允许；praised称赞。根据“for her cooking skills”及“she will apologize”可知，此处指被称赞厨艺。故选D。 49．句意：一开始，由于这些文化差异，Lin Fei很难习惯周围的事物。 stick to坚持；get used to习惯；pass by路过；end up with以……结束。根据“because of these cultural differences”可知，他很难习惯周围的事物。故选B。 50．句意：但很快，他成功适应了他们的做事方式。 in在……里；at在；on在……上；with和。“succeed in doing sth.”是固定搭配，指成功做某事。故选A。 六、 51．Some simple things like flowers but not red flowers. 52．Because it is not polite to ask people’s age in the US. 53．Six months of their life/Half a year of their life. 54．I should take off my shoes./We should take off our shoes. 55．We’d better avoid choosing the number “4” for our telephone or car numbers. Because it sounds like the Chinese character “si”, which means “death”.(合理即可) 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了墨西哥、美国、英国、日本四个国家的一些文化禁忌。 51．根据文章Mexico部分“For local people, some simple things like flowers are good gifts. But you shouldn’t take along red flowers”可知，在墨西哥适合送给当地人的好礼物是像花之类的简单物品，但是不要送红色的花。故填Some simple things like flowers but not red flowers. 52．根据文章The US部分“But as tourists in the US, it is not polite to ask people’s age.”可知，在美国游客不能问别人年龄是因为这是不礼貌的。故填Because it is not polite to ask people’s age in the US. 53．根据文章Britain部分“Usually, it takes a British person six months of their life in queues.”可知，一个英国人一生中通常要花六个月的时间排队。故填Six months of their life/Half a year of their life. 54．根据文章Japan部分“You should take off your shoes before going into the fitting room.”可知，在日本进入试衣间前应该脱掉鞋子。故填I should take off my shoes./We should take off our shoes. 55．本题为开放性问题，需结合中国文化禁忌作答，理由合理即可。故填We’d better avoid choosing the number “4” for our telephone or car numbers. Because it sounds like the Chinese character “si”, which means “death”. 七、 56．picking 57．traditional 58．to know 59．their 60．first 61．usually 62．children 63．get 64．meaning 65．interesting 【解析】本文主要介绍了筷子不仅用于夹取食物，更是中国传统文化的重要部分。使用时有诸多规矩，如避免敲打。它起源于用手进食不便，后逐渐普及。在文化中，筷子具有特殊意义，承载着有趣的历史事实。 56．句意：对中国人来说，筷子不仅仅是用来夹取食物的工具。空格前“for”是介词，介词后接动词的动名词形式。 57．句意：也是我们传统文化的重要组成部分。空格处修饰名词“culture”，需要用形容词，tradition“传统”，名词；其形容词形式是在词尾加-al，构成traditional。 58．句意：当你在中国时，了解一些相关知识很重要。此处是固定句型“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”表示“对某人来说作某事是怎样的”，其中it作形式主语，空格处为真正主语，用不定式。 59．句意：很久以前，人们发现用手直接吃热的食物或小块的食物很困难。此处修饰名词“hands”，需要用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 60．句意：这就是筷子的最早形式。此处表示“第一种形式”，需要用序数词，one的序数词是first。 61．句意：人们吃饭时，通常不应该用筷子发出声响。此处修饰动词“make”，需要用副词，usual“通常的”，形容词，其副词形式在词尾加-ly。 62．句意：但有些孩子喜欢拿筷子玩。some后接可数名词复数，child的复数形式是children。 63．句意：，所以父母常常会因此生气。本句是一般现在时，主语parents是复数，谓语动词用原形。 64．句意：筷子在中国文化中有着特殊的意义。形容词special后需要接名词，mean“意思是”，动词，其名词形式是在词尾加-ing，构成meaning。 65．句意：下次当你拿起一双筷子时，请记住这些关于筷子的有趣事实。此处修饰物“facts”，用-ing 形容词，interesting“有趣的”作定语。 八、 Dear John, I’m excited that you’ll come to China for a cultural exchange during the Spring Festival. I’d like to share some basic social manners with you. For greeting manners, you should smile, shake hands, and greet others politely. Chinese people are friendly and welcoming. For visiting manners, remember to make a phone call before you visit someone. Also, it’s nice to bring a small gift, like fruit or tea. For table manners, don’t start eating until the host says so. Never stick your chopsticks upright in the rice. And try to taste every dish to show your respect. These tips will help you get on well with Chinese people. Enjoy your stay! Hope you have great fun in China during the Spring Festival. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【写作步骤】 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文（电子邮件） 明确要点：问候礼仪、拜访礼仪、餐桌礼仪 确定人称：第二人称（you） 注意事项：不得出现真实信息，开头结尾已给出，注意电子邮件格式的称呼、正文、署名等要素，语言得体礼貌 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：已给出，表达期待并引入话题 主体段：分三点介绍社交礼仪（问候礼仪、拜访礼仪、餐桌礼仪） 结尾段：表达祝愿，期待对方玩得开心 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：问候礼仪 基本动作：smile/shake hands/greet others politely/say hello等 态度说明：friendly/welcoming/warm/polite等 要点二：拜访礼仪 提前告知：make a phone call before you visit/call first/ask before going等 携带礼物：bring a small gift/take a present/bring some fruit or tea等 礼物选择：fruit/tea/flowers/small souvenirs等 要点三：餐桌礼仪 开始用餐：don’t start eating until the host says so/wait for the host to start等 筷子使用：don’t stick chopsticks upright in the rice/never put chopsticks in the bowl like that等 品尝菜肴：taste every dish/try all the food/show respect to the cook等 其他礼仪：use chopsticks correctly/don’t make noise while eating等 结尾祝愿 表达祝愿：enjoy your stay/have great fun/have a good time/hope you like China等 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $