Unit 1 People around me 知识精讲&单元练习 2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级下册

沪教七下Unit 1 People around me 知识精讲&单元练习 一、核心词汇与短语 1. 重点单词 本单元词汇主要分为三类：人物身份、形容词和动词。 人物身份： relative 亲戚；亲属 neighbour 邻居 classmate 同班同学 person 人 （复数形式为 people） 描述性形容词 （用于形容性格和外貌）： cheerful 快乐的；高兴的 patient 有耐心的 （短语：be patient with） strict 严格的；严厉的 （短语：be strict with） smart / clever 聪明的；机敏的 hard-working 勤奋的；努力的 helpful 乐于助人的 humorous 幽默的 核心动词： encourage 鼓励 （名词：encouragement） support 支持 admire 钦佩；欣赏 （短语：admire sb. for sth.） describe 描述 （名词：description） retire 退休 （形容词：retired） 2. 核心短语 掌握以下短语搭配，对于完形填空和写作至关重要： 描述行为： care for / take care of 关心；照顾 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 give up 放弃 used to do 曾经做某事 （用于描述过去常做的事） 描述关系与态度： be kind/friendly/patient/strict with sb. 对某人友好/有耐心/严厉 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格 close to 与……关系密切 laugh at 嘲笑 （注意这是个负面意义的短语） smile at 对……微笑 常用表达： in the future 在未来 pay attention to 注意 cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来 二、核心语法精讲 本单元语法重点有两个：定冠词 the 的用法 和 主谓一致。 1. 定冠词 The 的用法 定冠词 the 用来表示特定的人或物，相当于汉语中的“这个”、“那个” 。 （1） 再次提及 I have a cat. The cat is cute. 第一次提到用 a/an，第二次提到用 the。 （2） 特指 The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的那个女孩（不是别的女孩）。 （3） 乐器前 She plays the guitar very well. 西洋乐器名词前必须加 the。 （4） 独一无二 The sun rises in the east. 太阳、地球、月亮等独一无二的事物。 （5） 形容词最高级与序数词前 He is the tallest boy in our class. / This is the first time I see you. 最高级和序数词前面通常要加 the。 （6） 姓氏复数前 The Greens are having dinner. 表示“格林一家”或“格林夫妇”。 （7） 特殊搭配 play the piano （弹钢琴） / the rich （富人） 注意：play football （球类运动前不加 the）。 2. 主谓一致 主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致 。 （1）单数主语：He/She/It/The boy/Everyone + 动词单数 （-s/es）。 例句： Everyone in our class likes Mr Li. （我们班每个人都喜欢李老师。） （2）复数主语：They/We/The students/Both + 动词原形。 例句： The students are preparing for the exam. （3）集合名词 （如 family， class， team）： 强调整体时用单数。 例句： My family is a big one. 我家是一个大家庭。 （4） 强调个体成员时用复数。 例句： My family are watching TV. （我家人在看电视。） （5） 就近原则 （用于 either...or...， neither...nor...）： 谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 例句： Either you or he is wrong. （要么是你错了，要么是他错了。） （6） 就远原则 （用于 with， as well as）： 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。 例句： The teacher, along with his students, is going to the park. 老师和学生们正要去公园。 （7）特殊情况：时间、距离、金钱作主语时，通常视为整体，用单数。 例句： Ten dollars is enough. （十美元就够了。） 三、重点课文与写作 1. 阅读聚焦 教材第3页的阅读文章描写了三个人：My grandma， Alice 和 Mr Li 。学习时可以按照以下线索梳理： 外貌 （Appearance）： short woman with grey hair； a tall girl with glasses； tall and thin 。 性格/品质 （Character/Quality）： cheerful and patient； smart； strict but encouraging 。 事例 （Example）： Grandma took care of my family and cooked well； Alice tells jokes and studies with me； Mr Li uses games in teaching and never gives up 。 2. 写作指导：描述你喜欢的人 单元写作任务通常是“描述一个人”。建议采用三段式结构 ： 开头：介绍这个人是谁 （Who）。 句型： The most important person in my life is... / I would like to talk about... 主体：描述外貌和性格，并举例说明 （What & Why）。 描述外貌： He/She is a ... person with ... （hair/glasses）. 描述性格： He/She is really kind and patient. / He/She is strict about... but always encourages us. 举例： For example， he/she often... / I will never forget that... 结尾：表达你的情感 （Feeling）。 句型： I love him/her very much. / I hope we will always remain friends. 四、学习建议 词汇分类记：将单词按照“外貌”、“性格”、“职业”进行分类记忆，建立词汇网络。 句型模仿秀：模仿课本中描写 grandma、Alice、Mr Li 的句子，尝试写一段话描写你的同桌或家人。 口语练习：思考一个问题 "Who are important to you in your life? Why?"，尝试用英语回答 沪教牛津版七年级下册 Unit 1 《People around us》 单元练习卷 （时间：60分钟 满分：100分） 一、词汇运用（共20分） A) 【考点：人物身份与关系词汇】 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。（10分） 1. My grandma is over seventy, but she is very c______ and always tells jokes. 2. Our math teacher is s______ with us, but we all like him because he helps us a lot. 3. The man next door is our n______. He often helps us carry heavy things. 4. I a______ my father because he is hard-working and never gives up. 5. Miss Wang is a p______ teacher. She explains questions again and again until we understand. B) 【考点：形容词与动词的适当形式】 用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10分） 1. My mother is a ______ (love) woman. She cares for me every day. 2. Tom is a ______ (humour) boy. He often makes us laugh. 3. All the ______ (relative) will come to my birthday party. 4. Mr Li always ______ (encourage) us to study hard. 5. The ______ (retire) teacher still helps students after school. 二、单项选择（共15分）【考点：定冠词、主谓一致、短语搭配等】 (  )1. — What do you think of ______ girl in red? — She is ______ new student here. A. the; a  B. a; the  C. the; the  D. a; a (  )2. Either you or he ______ going to be the winner. A. is   B. am   C. are   D. be (  )3. My sister is very ______. She always shares her food with others. A. patient  B. kind  C. strict  D. humorous (  )4. My grandfather used to ______ swimming in the river when he was young. A. go  B. going  C. went  D. goes (  )5. Our teachers are very strict ______ us, but they are also kind. A. in  B. with  C. to  D. at ( )6. The family ______ watching TV in the living room now. A. is  B. are  C. be  D. am (  )7. We should ______ attention to our teachers in class. A. take  B. give  C. pay  D. put (  )8. This is not my book. It's ______. A. her  B. hers  C. she  D. him (  )9. My brother can play ______ chess very well, but he can't play ______ violin. A. the; /  B. /; the  C. the; the  D. /; / (  )10. Don't laugh ______ others. It's impolite. A. at  B. with  C. to  D. for 三、句型转换（共10分）【考点：同义句转换、特殊疑问句】 1. My mother is kind and helpful. (对划线部分提问) ______ is your mother ______? 2. My grandma took care of me when I was young. (改为同义句) My grandma ______ ______ me when I was young. 3. The girl with glasses is my classmate. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ is your classmate? 4. He is so smart that he can work out the problem. (改为同义句) He is smart ______ ______ work out the problem. 5. Both of them are teachers. (改为否定句) _____ of them ______ a teacher. 四、完形填空（共10分）【考点：上下文理解、形容词与动词辨析】 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My best friend is Lily. She is a 1 girl with long hair. She always wears a smile on her face. Lily is very 2 . When I am sad, she tells me funny stories to 3 me up. She is also 4 . She often helps me with my homework. Last week, I had a problem with my math. She 5 to explain it until I understood. Lily is not only kind but also hard-working. She 6 gets good grades. I 7 her very much. We often go to school together and share our secrets. I hope our 8 will last forever. (  )1. A. tall  B. short  C. beautiful  D. thin (  )2. A. cheerful  B. serious  C. strict  D. shy (  )3. A. put  B. cheer  C. give  D. pick (  )4. A. patient  B. humorous  C. smart  D. lazy (  )5. A. kept  B. stopped  C. enjoyed  D. finished (  )6. A. never  B. seldom  C. always  D. sometimes (  )7. A. hate  B. admire  C. dislike  D. miss (  )8. A. friendship  B. class  C. school  D. family 五、阅读理解（共20分） A) 【考点：细节理解】 阅读短文，选择最佳答案。（10分） My grandfather is a retired teacher. He is 70 years old now, but he is still very active. He has grey hair and wears glasses. Every morning, he goes to the park to do Tai Chi. He is very patient and kind. When I was young, he taught me to read and write. He never got angry with me. He often tells me, "Never give up, my dear." I love him very much. He is the best grandfather in the world. (  )1. What did the writer's grandfather use to be? A. A doctor.  B. A teacher.  C. A worker.  D. A farmer. (  )2. What does the grandfather look like? A. He has black hair.  B. He is tall and thin. C. He has grey hair and wears glasses.  D. He is short and heavy. (  )3. What does the grandfather do every morning? A. He reads books.  B. He goes to the park. C. He teaches the writer.  D. He watches TV. (  )4. The grandfather was ______ when he taught the writer. A. strict  B. patient  C. angry  D. humorous (  )5. The writer thinks his grandfather is ______. A. the best  B. old  C. active  D. funny B) 【考点：细节获取与推理判断】 阅读短文，回答下列问题。（10分） There are many people around us. Some are our family members, some are our friends, and some are our teachers. Each of them is special. My neighbour, Mrs. Chen, is a very helpful person. She is in her sixties. She always helps the people in our building. For example, she waters the plants for us when we are away. She also looks after the old lady on the first floor. Everyone likes her. She says helping others makes her happy. I want to be a person like her when I grow up. 1. Who is Mrs. Chen? 2. How old is Mrs. Chen? 3. What does she do when the neighbours are away? 4. Why does everyone like her? 5. What does the writer want to be in the future? 六、书面表达（共15分）【考点：人物描述，包括外貌、性格、事例】 请以“My Favorite Teacher”为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你最喜欢的一位老师。 内容包括： 1. 老师的外貌和性格特点； 2. 列举一两个事例说明他/她为什么是你最喜欢的老师； 3. 你的感受。 要求：60词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、A) 1. cheerful 2. strict 3. neighbour 4. admire 5. patient B) 1. lovely 2. humorous 3. relatives 4. encourages 5. retired 二、 1–5 AABAB 6–10 BCBBA 三、 1.What; like 2. looked after 3. Which girl 4. enough to 5. Neither; is 四、 1–5 CABAA 6–8 CBA 五、A) 1–5 BCBBA B) 1. She is the writer's neighbour. 2. She is in her sixties. 3. She waters the plants for them. 4. Because she is helpful/kind. 5. A person like Mrs. Chen. 六、 （略） 《People around us》 书面表达参考答案 【题目】My Favorite Teacher 参考范文一 (中等难度) My favorite teacher is Miss Wang. She is our English teacher. She is tall and thin, with long black hair and a pair of glasses. She is very beautiful. Miss Wang is kind and patient. She never gets angry with us. She always explains things carefully until we understand. For example, once I had difficulty with my English grammar. She helped me after class and encouraged me not to give up. I like her very much. I hope to be a teacher like her in the future. 参考范文二 (较高难度，词汇更丰富) Of all the teachers, Mr. Li is my favorite. He teaches us math. He is a humorous man with short hair. He always wears a smile on his face, so his classes are lively and interesting. Mr. Li is strict about our studies, but he is very kind to us. He often uses games to help us learn. I will never forget that last month, when I failed the exam, he didn't blame me. Instead, he encouraged me to work harder and said, "Never give up!" Thanks to his help, I made great progress. I really admire him. A good teacher can change a student's life, and Mr. Li is such a teacher. 【写作指导与亮点分析】 结构分析 (三段式)： 第一段：介绍老师是谁，简要描述外貌。 第二段：描述性格特点，并用一个具体事例支撑。 第三段：表达情感或评价。 本单元重点词汇与句型运用： 外貌描写 She is tall and thin, with long black hair. He is a humorous man with short hair. 性格描写 She is kind and patient. He is strict about our studies, but kind to us. 短语搭配 encouraged me not to give up encouraged me to work harder 核心词汇 patient, encourage, give up humorous, strict, admire, never give up 拓展句型 (可用于其他人物描写)： 介绍人物：The person I admire most is... / Let me tell you something about... 描述性格：What I like most about him/her is that... 表达情感：I feel lucky to have... in my life. / ... is like a ... to me. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $