2026年福建泉州市中考英语一轮复习 语法学案

2026年泉州中考一轮语法学案(完整版) 核心说明 1. 适用对象:中考一轮复习学生(基础 95 分左右,冲刺高分) 1. 设计逻辑:知识点梳理 + 基础真题 + 当堂小练,聚焦必考基础,无难题偏题 1. 使用建议:每节课 1 个语法模块,先讲知识点,再练真题,最后小测巩固 1. 模块衔接建议:学习模块1名词所有格后,可结合模块2代词物主格进行对比练习(如"The teacher’s book" vs "his book");模块3介词与模块4连词可结合时间/条件状语从句综合训练(如"after finishing homework"与"if you finish homework") 模块 1:名词 1、 知识点梳理 1. 可数名词单复数 1. 规则变化:直接加 - s(book books)、加 - es(box boxes)、变 y 为 i 加 - es(family families) 1. 不规则变化:man men、child children、fish fish(单复数同形)、foot feet、tooth teeth、sheep sheep(单复数同形) 2. 不可数名词 1. 常见不可数名词:water, milk, bread, rice, information, advice 1. 量化表达:a glass of water, two pieces of bread 3. 名词所有格 1. 有生命:Tom’s book, children’s toys 1. 无生命:the door of the room 2、 基础真题练习 1. There are two _ (box) on the desk.(boxes) 2. I have some _ (milk) for breakfast.(milk) 3. This is _ (Tom) pen.(Tom’s) 3、 当堂小练 1. How many _ (apple) do you want?(apples) 2. I need a _ (piece) of paper.(piece) 3. The _ (teacher) office is next to the classroom.(teacher’s) 4、 易错点提示 1. 常见错误:fish/sheep单复数同形易误加s;不可数名词误用复数(如milks);名词所有格漏加's(如Tom book) 5、 中考考频 1. 可数名词单复数变化规则; 不可数名词量化表达; 名词所有格用法 模块 2:代词 1、 知识点梳理 1. 人称代词 1. 主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, they 1. 宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, them 2. 物主代词 1. 形容词性:my, your, his, her, its, our, their(后接名词) 1. 名词性:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs(单独使用) 3. 反身代词 1. 构成:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 1. 用法:①作宾语(动作回指主语):I can dress myself.(我能自己穿衣服) ②作同位语(强调主语):I myself finished the work.(我亲自完成了工作)③固定搭配:enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、teach oneself(自学) 4. 指示代词 1. 近指:this(这个)、these(这些);远指:that(那个)、those(那些) 1. 用法:①指代单数可数名词(this/that)或复数名词(these/those);②that可指代前文内容(The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.) 1. 易错点提示 1. 常见错误:形容词性物主代词后漏加名词(如误写"This is my");主格宾格混用(如"Me like apples");反身代词与人称代词混淆(如"help me"误作"help myself");指示代词单复数错误(如"this books") 1. 中考考频 1. 物主代词(形容词性vs名词性)辨析; 人称代词主格/宾格用法; 反身代词固定搭配(enjoy oneself/teach oneself) 5. 不定代词 1. some/any:肯定句用some,否定/疑问句用any(表请求建议时some不变) 1. 复合不定代词:something/nothing(指物)、somebody/anybody(指人),作主语时谓语用单数 6. 易混点对比 类型 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 用法示例 第一人称 my mine my book = mine 第二人称 your yours your pen = yours 第三人称(男) his his his bag = his 第三人称(女) her hers her ruler = hers 第三人称(物) its its its tail = its 复数 our/their ours/theirs our classroom = ours 1. ①人称代词宾格vs反身代词:help me(帮我)vs help myself(自己帮自己) 1. ②名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词:mine=my book 2、 基础真题练习 1. This is _ (I) book. _ (you) is on the desk.(my, Yours) 2. He hurt _ (he) yesterday.(himself) 3. We enjoyed _ (we) at the party.(ourselves) 4. — Would you like _ coffee? (2024年泉州中考语法填空) 5. — Yes, please. (some)【解析】表请求的疑问句用some 6. There isn’t _ milk in the fridge.(2023年厦门中考单选)(any)【解析】否定句用any 7. If you have _ questions, please raise your hand.(2022年福建中考完形填空)(any)【解析】条件句中表“任何”用any 3、 当堂小练 1. _ (She) is a student. _ (Her) mother is a teacher.(She, Her) 2. The pen is _ (he). _ (I) is in the bag.(his, Mine) 3. Help _ (you) to some fruit.(yourself/yourselves) 模块 3:介词 1、 知识点梳理 1. 时间介词 at:具体时刻(at 7:00) on:具体日期 / 星期(on Monday, on June 1st) in:年 / 月 / 季节(in 2024, in May, in summer) 2. 方位介词 in:在… 里面(in the room) on:在… 上面(on the desk) under:在… 下面(under the chair) next to:在… 旁边(next to the window) across from:在… 对面(across from the park) between...and...:在… 和… 之间(between you and me) 2、 基础真题练习 1. I get up _ 6:30 every morning.(at) 2. We will have a party _ Sunday.(on) 3. The book is _ the desk.(on) 3、 当堂小练 1. She was born _ 2008.(in) 2. The bank is _ the hospital.(next to) 3. I will meet you _ the school gate.(at) 4、 易错点提示 常见错误:时间介词混用(如"in the morning"误作"on the morning");方位介词混淆(如"next to"与"near"误用);固定搭配错误(如"arrive at"误作"arrive in"接小地点) 5、 中考考频 时间介词(at/on/in)辨析; 方位介词(in/on/under)用法; 固定搭配(arrive at/in, listen to) 模块 4:连词 1、 知识点梳理 1. 功能分类 2. 并列连词 1 并列关系:and(I like coffee and tea.)、both...and...(She can both sing and dance.) 2 转折关系:but(I like coffee but I don’t like tea.)、yet(He is tired yet he keeps working.) 3 选择关系:or(Do you like coffee or tea?)、either...or...(Either stay or leave.) 4 因果关系:so(He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.)、for(It must be snowing, for it's very cold.) 3. 逻辑分类 4. 从属连词 1 原因状语:because(I didn’t go to school because I was ill.)、since(Since it's late, we should go home.) 2 条件状语:if(If it rains, we will stay at home.)、unless(Unless you study hard, you'll fail.) 3 时间状语:when(When I grow up, I want to be a teacher.)、while(While she was reading, I was writing.) 2、 基础真题练习 1. I like reading _ writing.(and)【解析】考查并列连词,reading和writing为并列关系,用and连接 2. He is young _ he is very capable.(but)【解析】考查转折连词,前后句为对比关系,用but表转折【常见错误】易误填so(表结果),需注意前后逻辑为转折而非因果 3. You will miss the bus _ you hurry up.(unless/or)【解析】考查条件连词,unless=if...not(除非),or表"否则",两者均符合逻辑【常见错误】易漏填or,注意"祈使句+or+陈述句"结构表警告 3、 当堂小练 1. I was late _ I missed the bus.(because) 2. _ it rains, we will go to the park.(If) 3. She likes singing _ dancing.(and) 4、 易错点提示 常见错误:并列连词逻辑混淆(如"but"表转折误作"so"表因果);从属连词时态错误(如if条件句中"主将从现"遗漏);"or"表选择与"and"表并列误用 5、 中考考频 并列连词(and/but/or)辨析; 条件状语从句(if/unless); 时间状语从句(when/while) 模块 5:形容词和副词 1、 知识点梳理 1. 形容词 功能:修饰名词(作定语/表语) 1. 定语:a beautiful flower 1. 表语:The flower is beautiful. 2. 副词 功能:修饰动词/形容词/其他副词 1. 修饰动词:He runs quickly. 1. 修饰形容词:She is very happy. 3. 比较级和最高级 1. 规则变化:①一般加-er/-est(tall taller tallest)②以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-er/-est(happy happier happiest) 1. 不规则变化:good better best, bad worse worst 2、 基础真题练习 1. She is _ (happy) than her sister.(happier)【解析】考查形容词比较级,than是比较级标志,happy变y为i加-er 2. This is the _ (good) book I have ever read.(best)【解析】考查形容词最高级,the+最高级表"最...",good的最高级为不规则变化best 3. He runs _ (quick) in the class.(quickly)【解析】考查副词用法,修饰动词runs需用副词quickly【常见错误】易误填quick(形容词),注意动词需用副词修饰 3、 当堂小练 1. The weather is _ (hot) today than yesterday.(hotter) 2. She sings _ (beautiful) in the competition.(beautifully) 3. This is the _ (tall) building in the city.(tallest) 四、易错点提示 常见错误:形容词与副词混用(如"run quick"误作"run quickly");比较级漏加"than"(如"He is taller me");不规则变化记错(如"good better"误作"gooder") 五、中考考频 形容词副词辨析(功能与位置); 比较级/最高级变化规则; 不规则变化(good/better/best, bad/worse/worst) 模块 6:动词时态 1、 知识点梳理 1. 一般现在时 结构:主语 + 动词原形/三单(主语为第三人称单数时加-s/-es) 标志词:always, usually, often, every day, sometimes o例句:I get up at 7:00 every day. / She likes English. 2. 一般过去时 结构:主语 + 动词过去式(规则变化加-ed,不规则变化需记忆) 标志词:yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2023 o例句:I went to the park yesterday. 3. 一般将来时 结构:will + 动词原形 / be going to + 动词原形(be动词随主语变化) 标志词:tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon o例句:I will visit my grandma tomorrow. 4. 现在进行时 结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing(现在分词) 标志词:now, look, listen, at the moment o例句:They are playing football now. 5. 现在完成时 结构:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词(第三人称单数用has) 1. 标志词:already, yet, ever, never, for + 时间段,since + 时间点 1. 例句:I have finished my homework. 2、 基础真题练习 1. I _ (get) up at 7:00 every day.(get)【解析】考查一般现在时,every day是标志词,主语I用动词原形 2. I _ (live) in this city for 10 years.(2024年福州中考语法填空)(have lived)【解析】“for 10 years”为现在完成时标志词,表示动作从过去持续到现在,主语I为第一人称,故填have lived 3. — How long _ you _ (know) him? (2023年莆田中考单选)— Since 2018.(have, known)【解析】“Since 2018”为现在完成时标志词,表示动作从过去某一时间点持续至今,疑问句中需将have提前,故填have, known 4. We _ (finish) our homework already. Let’s go out to play.(2022年泉州中考完形填空)(have finished)【解析】“already”为现在完成时标志词,表示动作已完成,主语we为复数,故填have finished 5. He _ (go) to the park yesterday.(went)【解析】考查一般过去时,yesterday是标志词,go的过去式为不规则变化went 6. They _ (play) football now.(are playing)【解析】考查现在进行时,now是标志词,主语they用are+playing【常见错误】易漏写be动词are,注意现在进行时必须包含be动词 3、 当堂小练 1. She _ (finish) her homework already.(has finished) 2. We _ (visit) our grandparents next week.(will visit/are going to visit) 3. I _ (read) a book when he came in.(was reading) 模块 7:被动语态 1、 知识点梳理 1. 基本结构:主语 + be + 动词过去分词(be动词随时态变化) 2. 时态变化: o一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词 o一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词 o一般将来时:will be + 过去分词 3. 用法:强调动作的承受者,而非执行者 o例句:The book was written by Lu Xun. 2、 基础真题练习 1. The letter _ (write) by Tom yesterday.(was written)【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态,yesterday标志过去时,主语letter是单数用was+written 2. The trees _ (water) every day.(are watered)【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态,every day标志现在时,主语trees是复数用are+watered 3. The work _ (finish) next week.(will be finished)【解析】考查一般将来时被动语态,next week标志将来时,用will be+finished 3、 当堂小练 1. The classroom _ (clean) by the students every day.(is cleaned) 2. The bridge _ (build) last year.(was built) 3. The problem _ (solve) soon.(will be solved) 模块 8:非谓语动词 1、 知识点梳理 1. 动词不定式(to do) o用法:①作宾语(want to do sth)②作目的状语(I come here to study.) ③作主语(To learn English well is important.)④作宾语补足语(My mother asks me to study hard.) 2. 动名词(doing) o用法:①作主语(Swimming is my hobby.)②作宾语(enjoy/finish doing sth) 例句:Swimming is my hobby. / I enjoy reading. 3. 分词(doing/done) 1. 现在分词(doing):表主动 / 进行 1. 过去分词(done):表被动 / 完成 例句:The running boy is my brother. / The broken glass is on the floor. 2、 基础真题练习 1. I want _ (go) to the park.(to go)【解析】考查动词不定式,want后接to do作宾语 2. He enjoys _ (read) books.(reading)【解析】考查动名词,enjoy后接doing作宾语【常见错误】易误填to read,注意enjoy后只能接动名词 3. The _ (break) window needs to be repaired.(broken)【解析】考查过去分词作定语,broken表被动完成,修饰window 三、易错点提示 1. 结构错误:动词不定式符号“to”遗漏(如“want do sth”) 2. 搭配错误:动名词与不定式混用(如“enjoy to read”误作“enjoy reading”) 3. 分词混淆:现在分词与过去分词误用(如“excited news”误作“exciting news”) 4、 中考考频 核心考点:一般现在时/过去时被动语态(am/is/are/was/were+过去分词) 高频考点:一般将来时被动(will be+过去分词) 基础考点:被动语态与主动语态转换 五、当堂小练 1. It is important _ (learn) English well.(to learn) 2. She is interested in _ (play) the piano.(playing) 3. The _ (sleep) baby is very cute.(sleeping) 模块 9:情态动词 1、 知识点梳理 1. 常见情态动词:can, may, must, should, will, would 2. 用法: can/could:能力(I can swim.)、许可(Can I use your pen?)(could为can的过去式) may:许可(May I come in?)、可能性(It may rain.) must:必须(You must finish your homework.)、禁止(You mustn’t smoke.)(否定形式为mustn’t) should:应该(You should listen to your parents.) will/would:意愿(I will help you.)、请求(Would you like some tea?) 2、 基础真题练习 1. I _ swim when I was five.(could)【解析】考查情态动词过去式,when I was five标志过去时,can的过去式为could 2. _ I use your pen?(May/Can) 3. You _ finish your homework before dinner.(must/should)【解析】考查情态动词辨析,must表"必须",should表"应该",均符合语境 3、 当堂小练 1. She _ speak English very well.(can) 2. You _ not play with fire.(must) 3. _ you like to go with me?(Would) 模块 10:宾语从句 1、 知识点梳理 1. 结构:主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句 2. 引导词: o陈述句:that(可省略,无实际意义) o一般疑问句:if/whether(表"是否",whether可与or not连用) o特殊疑问句:what, when, where, who, how 3. 语序规则:宾语从句用陈述语序(引导词 + 主语 + 谓语)例:I know what he likes.(正)/ I know what does he like.(误) 4. 时态: 1. ①主句为一般现在时,从句可根据实际情况用任何时态(例:She says she will come.) 1. ②主句为一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态(例:She said she would come.) 2、 基础真题练习 1. I know _ he is a student.(that) 2. She asked me _ I like coffee.(if/whether)【解析】考查宾语从句引导词,一般疑问句作宾语用if/whether 3. He wants to know _ you live.(where)【解析】考查特殊疑问词引导宾语从句,对地点提问用where 3、 当堂小练 1. Can you tell me _ the meeting will start?(when) 2. I don’t know _ he will come or not.(whether) 3. She said _ she had finished her homework.(that) 模块 11:状语从句 1、 知识点梳理 1. 时间状语从句:when(当...时), while(当...时,主从句均进行时), until(直到) o例句:When I arrived, he was reading. 2. 条件状语从句:if(如果), unless(除非=if...not)(主将从现原则) o例句:If it rains, we will stay at home. 3. 原因状语从句:because, since, as o例句:I didn’t go to school because I was ill. 4. 结果状语从句:so…that…, such…that… o例句:He is so young that he can’t go to school. 2、 基础真题练习 1. I will call you _ I arrive.(when/as soon as)【解析】考查时间状语从句,as soon as表"一...就...",when表"当...时",均符合 2. _ it doesn’t rain, we will go to the park.(If) 3. He is _ young _ he can’t go to school.(so, that)【解析】考查结果状语从句,so+形容词+that表"如此...以至于..." 3、 当堂小练 1. I didn’t go to school _ I was ill.(2023年漳州中考语法填空)(because)【解析】考查原因状语从句引导词,“生病”是“没上学”的直接原因,用because连接 2. _ it was late, we decided to go home.(2022年宁德中考单选)A. So B. Since C. But D. Or(B)【解析】since表“既然”(强调已知的原因),符合“天色已晚,决定回家”的逻辑,故选B 3. He failed the exam _ he didn’t study hard.(2021年龙岩中考完形填空)(because)【解析】“没努力学习”是“考试失败”的直接原因,用because明确因果关系 4、 易错点提示 常见错误:if条件句中时态混淆(如主句用将来时,从句误用将来时);because与so连用(如Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school);时间状语从句while后接瞬间动词(如while I came in) 5、 中考考频 if条件句(主将从现); 时间状语从句(when/while); 结果状语从句(so...that/such...that) 模块 12:定语从句 1、 知识点梳理 1. 基本结构:先行词(被修饰的名词/代词) + 关系词 + 定语从句 2. 关系词: o指人:who, whom, whose o指物:which(可指物,作主语/宾语), that(可指人/物,作主语/宾语) o指时间:when o指地点:where 3. 功能作用:①作主语(The girl who is standing there is my sister.)②作宾语(The book which I bought is new.) 4. 关系词选择对比表 2、 真题示例 1. 按关系词类型分类 1. 地点关系词 where(表地点状语) This is the factory _ my father works.(2024年福州中考语法填空)(where)【解析】先行词factory表地点,从句缺状语,用where引导定语从句 2. 人物关系词 who(指人作主语) The girl _ is wearing a red dress is my cousin.(2023年泉州中考单选)A.who B. which C. whom D. whose(A)【解析】先行词girl指人,从句缺主语,用who引导 所属关系词 whose(表所属关系) I like the book _ cover is green.(2022年厦门中考完形填空)(whose)【解析】先行词book指物,从句缺定语(“……的封面”),用whose表所属关系 先行词类型 关系词 功能 例句 指人 who 作主语 The boy who is tall is my brother. whom 作宾语 The girl whom you met is Lucy. whose 作定语 The student whose book is lost is Tom. 指物 which 作主语/宾语 The pen which is red is mine. that 作主语/宾语(可指人/物) The book that I read is interesting. 指时间 when 作状语 I remember the day when we met. 指地点 where 作状语 This is the place where I grew up. 3. 真题示例 This is the school _ I studied 10 years ago.(where)【解析】先行词school表地点,从句缺状语,用where。 The film _ we saw last night was great.(which/that)【解析】先行词film指物,从句缺宾语,用which/that。 The girl _ hair is red is my classmate.(whose)【解析】先行词girl指人,从句缺定语,用whose表“……的”。 I still remember the year _ we moved to this city.(when)【解析】先行词year指时间,从句缺状语,用when。 3、 基础真题练习 1. This is the book _ I bought yesterday.(which/that)【解析】考查定语从句关系词,先行词book指物,从句缺宾语,可用which/that(可省略) 2. The girl _ is standing there is my sister.(who/that)【解析】考查定语从句关系词,先行词girl指人,从句缺主语,用who/that 3. This is the place _ I was born.(where)【解析】考查定语从句关系词,先行词place指地点,从句缺状语,用where 4. The teacher _ taught us math last year has gone abroad.(who/that)【解析】先行词teacher指人,从句缺主语,用who/that 5. This is the museum _ we visited last month.(which/that)【解析】先行词museum指物,从句缺宾语,可用which/that 4、 当堂小练 1. The man _ you met yesterday is my teacher.(who/whom/that)【解析】考查定语从句关系词,先行词man指人,从句缺宾语,可用who/whom/that(可省略) 2. This is the pen _ I lost last week.(which/that) 3. I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.(when) 使用说明 1. 每节课建议:90 分钟 / 模块,30 分钟讲解知识点,30 分钟练真题,30 分钟当堂小测 + 讲解 2. 个性化调整:根据学生错题情况,重点讲解薄弱模块,增加同类题练习 3. 配套资料:可搭配《中考考纲词汇总表》《词汇默写表》使用,巩固词汇基础 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $