Unit1 语法专项课件 — 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格 2025-2026学年北师大版英语七年级上册

教学课件 北师大英语七年级上册 Unit1语法专项——人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 1.掌握人称代词(主格/宾格)、物主代词(形容词性/名词性)的用法 2.熟练运用指示代词 this/that/these/those 描述人或事物 3.牢记名词所有格的构成规则,能正确表达所属关系 4.能综合运用四类语法完成填空、选择、句型转换等题型 5.建立代词与名词所有格的关联,提升句子表达准确性 人称代词-核心概念与分类 人称代词用来代替人或事物,分为主格和宾格两类 主格:作句子主语,位于动词前,是动作的发出者 宾格:作句子宾语,位于动词或介词后,是动作的承受者 核心分类对应关系:我(I/me)、你(you/you)、他(he/him)、她(she/her)它(it/it)、我们(we/us)、你们(you/you)、他们/她们/它们(they/them) 人称代词-主格用法详解 主格在句中作主语,必须放在谓语动词之前 例:I am a middle school student.(I作主语,表“我”) 例:She likes playing the piano.(She作主语,表“她”) 例:They are my classmates.(They作主语,表“他们”) 注意:主格不能直接放在动词或介词后,需转换为宾格 人称代词-宾格用法详解 宾格在句中作宾语,需放在及物动词或介词后面 例:I love her.(her作动词love的宾语) 例:Please help me.(me作动词help的宾语) 例:The gift is for him.(him作介词for的宾语) 例:We played with them yesterday.(them作介词with的宾语) 物主代词-核心概念与分类 物主代词表示所属关系,意为“……的”,分为两类 形容词性物主代词:后面必须接名词,不能单独使用 名词性物主代词:后面不接名词,可单独使用,相当于“形物代+名词” 核心分类对应关系 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 我的 my mine 你的 your yours 他的 his his 她的 her hers 它的 its its 我们的 our ours 你们的 your yours 他们的 their theirs 形容词性物主代词用法详解 形容词性物主代词必须修饰名词,作定语,表“谁的某物” 例:This is my pen.(my修饰pen,表“我的笔”) 例:His father is a doctor.(his修饰father,表“他的爸爸”) 例:Their classroom is on the first floor.(their修饰classroom,表“他们的教室”) 注意:不能单独使用,后面必须跟名词,如不能说“This is my.” 名词性物主代词用法详解 名词性物主代词可单独使用,后面不加名词,避免重复 例:This pen is mine. = This pen is my pen.(mine=my pen) 例:That bag is hers. = That bag is her bag.(hers=her bag) 例:These books are ours. = These books are our books.(ours=our books) 使用场景:前面已提及相关名词,后续用名物代替代“形物代+名词” 人称代词与物主代词-易错点提醒 1.主格与宾格混淆:She helps I.(正确:She helps me.) 2.形物代后漏接名词:This is your.(正确:This is your book.) 3.名物代后加名词:That is mine pen.(正确:That is my pen.) 4.its与it's混淆:It's tail is short.(正确:Its tail is short.) 5.人称不匹配:He is my sister.(正确:She is my sister.) 小练习(一)-代词适当形式填空 1._ (I) am Lily. _ (I) favourite subject is English. 2.This is _ (she) ruler. That one is _ (she), too. 3._ (he) is my brother. I often play with _ (he). 4.These are _ (we) friends. _ (we) like _ (they) very much. 5.This pen isn't _ (you). _ (you) is in the pencil-box. I My her hers He him our We them yours Yours 指示代词-核心概念与分类 指示代词用于指代人或事物,区分空间远近和单复数 this:这(指近处的单数人或事物) that:那(指远处的单数人或事物) these:这些(指近处的复数人或事物) those:那些(指远处的复数人或事物) 核心功能:明确指代对象,使表达更精准,避免重复 指示代词-基础用法详解 this/that修饰单数名词,these/those修饰复数名词 例:This is my mother.(this指代近处的单数“我的妈妈”) 例:That is a beautiful park.(that指代远处的单数“公园”) 例:These are my textbooks.(these指代近处的复数“课本”) 例:Those are birds in the tree.(those指代远处的复数“鸟”) 注意:this/that后接单数动词,these/those后接复数动词 指示代词-特殊用法(电话用语) 电话交流中,用this指代自己,that指代对方,是固定表达 例:Hello! This is Tom speaking.(喂!我是汤姆。) 例:Who's that?(你是谁?) 例:Is that Lucy?(你是露西吗?) 例:Yes, this is.(是的,我是。) 指示代词-易错点提醒 1.单复数混淆:This are my pens.(正确:These are my pens.) 2.远近指代错误:That is my book here.(正确:This is my book here.) 3.电话用语误用:I am Tom speaking.(正确:This is Tom speaking.) 4.与名词搭配错误:These book is mine.(正确:This book is mine.) 小练习(二)-指示代词填空 1._ is my teacher over there. _ is my classmate next to me. 2._ are my new shoes. _ are my sister's old shoes. 3.Hello! _ is Amy speaking. Who is _? 4.Look! _ is a cute cat. _ are its kittens. 5._ is my schoolbag. _ are my notebooks in it. That This These Those This that This Those This These 名词所有格-核心概念与作用 名词所有格表示人或事物之间的所属关系,意为“……的” 核心作用:明确某物归某人或某物所有,使表达更简洁 例:my father's car(我爸爸的车) 例:the students' books(学生们的书) 名词所有格有明确的构成规则,需按名词类型分类记忆 名词所有格-构成规则(一)单数名词 单数名词(无论是否以s结尾),直接在词尾加's 例:the boy's bag(男孩的书包) 例:Lucy's pencil(露西的铅笔) 例:James's computer(詹姆斯的电脑) 注意:以s结尾的单数名词,加's或'均可,但's更常用 名词所有格-构成规则(二)复数名词 1.以s结尾的复数名词:直接在词尾加',不加s 例:the teachers' office(老师们的办公室) 例:the students' desks(学生们的课桌) 2.不以s结尾的复数名词:在词尾加's 例:children's toys(孩子们的玩具) 例:men's shoes(男士们的鞋子) 名词所有格-构成规则(三)共有与分别拥有 1.两者共有某物:只在最后一个名词后加's 例:Lucy and Lily's room(露西和莉莉共有的房间) 2.两者分别拥有某物:两个名词后都加's 例:Lucy's and Lily's rooms(露西和莉莉各自的房间) 判断技巧:看后面的名词是否为单数(共有)或复数(分别拥有) 名词所有格-构成规则(四)无生命名词 无生命的事物通常不用's,用of表示所属关系 例:the door of the room(房间的门) 例:a photo of my family(一张我的全家福) 例:the name of the dog(这只狗的名字) 注意:部分表示时间、距离、国家的无生命名词可加's,如today's news(今天的新闻) 名词所有格-易错点提醒 1.复数名词(以s结尾)加's:the students's books(改:the students' books) 2.不以s结尾的复数名词漏加's:childrens' toys(改:children's toys) 3.共有与分别拥有混淆:Lucy's and Lily's room(两人共有,改:Lucy and Lily's room) 4.无生命名词误用's:the desk's leg(改:the leg of the desk) 5.单数名词漏加's:Tom book(改:Tom's book) 小练习(三)-名词所有格填空 1.teacher _ 2. parents _ 3. children _ 4.露西和莉莉共有的书包 Lucy and _ schoolbag 5.汤姆和杰克各自的钢笔 Tom's and _ pens 6.房间的窗户 the window _ the room teacher's parents' children's Lily's Jack's of 综合练习(一)-单项选择 从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案 1.— Is this _ pen? — Yes, it's _. A. your; mine B. you; my C. your; me 2._ is my brother. _ name is Tom. A. He; His B. Him; He C. His; He 3._ are my friends. _ classroom is big. A. This; Their B. These; Their C. Those; They 4.This is _ room. It's clean and tidy. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy and Lily's 5.The books are _. They aren't mine. A. theirs B. their C. them A A B C A 综合练习(二)-单项选择 6.— Who's _? — _ is my aunt. A. that; He B. this; She C. those; She 7.My mother likes _ cooking. A. grandma B. grandma's C. grandmas' 8.— Are _ your pencils? — No, _ are my sister's. A. this; that B. these; those C. those; this 9._ helped _ with my homework yesterday. A. She; I B. Her; me C. She; me 10.The _ toys are on the shelf. A. childrens' B. children's C. child's B B B C B 综合练习(三)-用所给词的适当形式填空 1._ (I) have a new friend. _ (he) name is David. 2.This is not _ (they) dog. _ (they) is black. 3._ (this) are my pencils. _ (that) are my brother's. 4.The _ (teacher) office is next to our classroom. 5.— Is this _ (Lucy) dress? — No, it's _ (Lily). I His their Theirs These Those teachers' Lucy's Lily's 综合练习(四)-句型转换 1.This is my dictionary.(同义句转换) This dictionary _ _. 2.That is Tom's schoolbag.(对划线部分提问) _ schoolbag is that? 3.These are their books.(同义句转换) These books _ _. 4.This is her pencil-box.(对划线部分提问) _ pencil-box is this? 5.Those are Lucy and Lily's desks.(对划线部分提问) _ desks are those? is mine Whose are theirs Whose Whose 综合练习(五)-补全对话 A: Hello, Mike! _ is my new classmate, Amy. B: Nice to meet you, Amy. A: Nice to meet you too. Mike, this is _ bag. B: Is that _ pen in the bag? A: No, it isn't. _ is red. That pen is Lucy's. B: Where is _ classroom, Amy? A: It's next to _. We can go together. This my your Mine your ours 综合练习(六)-短文填空 阅读短文,用适当的代词或名词所有格填空 My name is Emma. _ am a student. _ have a happy family. _ father is a doctor. _ office is near our home. _ mother is a teacher. _ likes her students very much. I have a brother. _ is ten years old. _ favourite sport is football. These are _ toys. _ are on the shelf. We love _ family. I I My His My She He His his They our 语法知识总结(一)-代词类 人称代词 主格作主语,宾格作宾语(动词/介词后) 对应关系:I-me, he-him, she-her, we-us, they-them 物主代词 形物代+名词,名物代单独用 对应关系:my-mine, your-yours, his-his, her-hers, our-ours, their-theirs 指示代词:this/that(单数),these/those(复数),电话用语用this/that 语法知识总结(二)-名词所有格 单数名词+’s,以s结尾的复数名词+’ 不以s结尾的复数名词+’s 共有所有格:最后一个名词+’s 分别所有格:两个名词都+’s 无生命名词:用of表示所属 教学课件 Unit1语法专项——人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格 Thank you for listening! 32 $