专题03 Unit 2 Natural disasters（单元话题：自然(灾害与防范) 阅读理解15篇+阅读七选五5篇）（译林版2020必修三）2025-2026学年高一同步重难点专题练

专题03 Unit 2 Natural disasters 单元话题---自然灾害与防范 (阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇) 01 主题介绍 02 高考模拟演练 03 阅读理解专练 本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是自然灾害与防范，涉及的语篇类型有视频、新闻报道、短故事、小说节选、信息文件夹等。阅读理解帮助学生认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，掌握在遇到自然灾害时自救知识。通过群文阅读让学生了解突发的自然灾害，形成安全意识，坚定保护环境的信念；训练学生的阅读策略。 (2016年江苏高考)El Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 1. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1? A. It is named after a South American fisherman. B. It takes place almost every year all over the world. C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 2. What may El Nino bring about to the countries affected? A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B. Droughts become more harmful than floods. C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses. D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________. A. more investment should go to risk reduction B. governments of poor countries need more aid C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation D. recovery and reconstruction should come first 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To introduce El Nino and its origin. B. To explain the consequences of El Nino. C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino. D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino. 阅读理解 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年山东菏泽市高一上学期2月月考英语试题)Minnesota, mid-winter. A snowstorm blows through the city, leaving 500,000 homes without power, drivers stuck on highways and flights put off. Meanwhile, forty feet up an electric pole(电线杆), a technician is trying to get the lights back on, but not knowing where to check the fix or how to call for support from the rescue centre. When disaster hits, frontline workers must mobilize. But, too often, they are going to work armed with last century’s tools. Rescue efforts are running on clipboards(记事板) and piles of paper. And there’s a price: longer power failure, and water supply shut off for longer. This is one of cases calling for Industrial AI. It is AI that is trained to fix specific problems in dangerous situations where, sometimes, life is on the line. And, AI has the power to change how we respond(回应) to disasters. Before a disaster hits, planners, with the help of an Industrial AI, predict where a heavy storm might move next — and maps a live view of what is at risk. Rescue workers are timely sent to the exact sites as the facts change. And, once technicians are on the job, they will know what’s gone wrong on an image or video and they will finish the fix quickly through AI guidance. “If we can cut recovery time by getting rescue workers to the right places with the right tools, before the event even hits, then hospitals stay powered, field teams work safely and families return to warm homes faster,” said Brian Burdette, head of the rescue team. These are AI technologies that are already being tested. But, if we’re to see a real influence, we need to enter into a spirit of openness and cooperation(合作). We need nations and companies to pull together at a system-wide level, not just organization by organization or area by area, catching the chance that industrial AI presents for intelligent responses. For technicians risking their life in a disaster, we owe them that much. 1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about the disaster? A. Its cause. B. Its type. C. Its influence. D. Its location. 2. What does the underlined “life is on the line” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Time is running out. B. AI is worth its value. C. People are waiting in line. D. People are risking their lives. 3. What is Brian Burdette’s attitude towards Industrial AI rescue work? A. Supportive B. Doubtful C. Uncertain D. Objective 4. What does the author suggest about the rescue work in the last paragraph? A. Cutting recovery time B. Encouraging cooperation. C. Training skilled technicians. D. Using advanced technology. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年江西上饶市民校考试联盟高一上学期阶段测试(二)When the earthquake hit, I was in my office on the 10th floor. At first, I felt a gentle shake, but within seconds, it became a violent(猛烈的) shake. The building swayed(摇摆) like a tree in the wind. I immediately hid under my desk, my heart pounding with fear. I could hear screams and the sound of breaking glass from outside. I was sure that was the end. Miraculously, the building did not collapse(倒塌). When the shaking stopped, I rushed out of the building with my colleagues. The streets were filled with dust and frightened people. Many buildings around us had been damaged. We later learned that it was a 7.0-magnitude earthquake. That night, we had to sleep in a temporary shelter in a park because our homes were unsafe to return to. The experience was terrifying, but it made me realize how fragile(脆弱的) life can be and how important it is to be prepared for natural disasters. 5. Where was the author when the earthquake started? A. In a park. B. In his car. C. In his office. D. In his home. 6. What did the author do when the earthquake became violent? A. He ran out of the building. B. He hid under his desk. C. He called his family. D. He stood by the window. 7. How did the author feel during the earthquake? A. Terrified and fearful. B. Excited and curious. C. Calm and peaceful. D. Confused and lost. 8. Where did the author stay that night? A. In his office. B. In his home. C. In a hotel. D. In a temporary shelter. Passage 3 (2025-2026学年广东深圳市深圳高级中学(集团)第一学期期末测试题高一英语试题)Many parts of the world are predicted to endure “day-zero droughts” — periods of extreme and historically unmatched water scarcity — that could occur as soon as this decade in certain hot spots. While climate change is known to disrupt(扰乱) the global water cycle, it has been unclear exactly when and where such severe shortages would strike. A new study now helps answer these questions, with some findings surprising researchers. Scientists used numerous climate models to assess the timing and likelihood of day-zero droughts. Christian Franzke, a climate scientist at Pusan National University in South Korea and one of the study’s authors, described them as “unprecedented(前所未有的) water scarcity events” that “haven’t occurred so far. ” He explained, “It’s when you turn on your water tap and no water comes out. ” These events result from a mix of factors, including prolonged lack of rain, low river levels, shrinking reservoirs, and surging water demand from people, farms, and industries. The study found that nearly three- quarters of drought-prone(易发生干旱的) regions face high risk of severe droughts by 2100, and more than a third — including the western United States — could experience day- zero conditions as early as the 2020s or 2030s. “The finding that this could happen so soon, under current warming levels, was something that surprised us,” Franzke said, noting that some cities have already come dangerously close. The results highlight the urgent need to accelerate the clean energy transition and improve water management. Franzke added that the research should also guide water- intensive industries in some dry areas. One limitation is that the study does not include groundwater in its models, though the team used other methods to account for it. Richard Allan, a climate scientist not involved in the work, called it “important new evidence” showing how climate warming and rising water demand together threaten future water security. 9. What does the term “day-zero droughts” refer to? A. Efforts to reduce the occurrence of drought to zero. B. Extremely serious water shortage never seen before. C. Disabled global water cycle caused by climate change. D. A kind of drought that only happens in hot spots. 10. What can be inferred about day- zero droughts in Paragraph 2? A. Scientists have identified their exact timing and rate. B. Some cities are suffering from real day- zero droughts. C. Natural and human- related factors lead to them. D. They only occur in areas without big reservoirs. 11. Why did Franzke say the finding was astonishing? A. Drought- prone regions’ number is surprisingly large. B. The western United States is among the at- risk areas. C. Even areas with big reservoirs may face water shortage. D. Day- zero droughts could happen sooner than expected. 12. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To warn about potential serious water shortages. B. To describe climate change and rainfall patterns. C. To explain causes of water pollution in cities. D. To introduce new reservoir- building ways. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年广东大湾区普通高中第一学期期末综合练习题高一英语试题(A)Floods are among the most deadly and damaging disasters worldwide. Many smaller communities, especially those that have never experienced floods before, lack the tools they need to detect(监测) and manage the disaster, leaving them struggling to face the full force of flooding. To help protect these communities, the National Space Agency (NSA) has partnered with several leading scientific groups to develop a new flood detection tool called “Model of Models” (MoM) . This tool combines data from open-source hydrological(水文的) models with Earth observing satellite data to produce global flood risk level updates several times a day. When the MoM detects a high probability of flooding in an area, it sends a flood early warning to affected communities, letting them quickly take the necessary steps to save lives and belongings. “This new technology covers the face of the globe, enabling us to observe flood risk and predict the chance of floods in ways never before possible,” said Dr. Shan Clain, Manager for NSA’s Earth Science Applied Sciences Program. “The technology we’ve developed will make a huge difference, enabling early action by communities around the globe — especially small island communities and developing countries that lack the necessary early warning information to protect themselves and their loved ones during flood events.” MoM will be a game changer. Until now, full global flood early warnings have not been possible, either due to limitations in hydrologic monitoring networks, prediction models, or the professional knowledge to operate and widely share their results, especially in small and underdeveloped countries. Oma Sam, a director at the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, said: “Effective early warning information is shown to save lives. However, traditional flood early warning has so far been expensive and requires local funding, resources, knowledge as well as regular care. I am looking forward to helping NSA provide this powerful MoM to all communities so that early warnings can reach the last mile.” 13. What can we learn about MoM from paragraph 2? A. It sends early warnings several times a day. B. It frequently updates global flood risk levels. C. It is specially for flood-affected communities. D. It relies on human observation to detect floods. 14. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about MoM? A. Its operational steps. B. Its development history. C. Its value and effect. D. Its technology progress. 15. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Early warning information is enough to save lives. B. MoM has been provided to all the communities now. C. MoM is expected to beat some past system limitations. D. MoM is well-received in small developing countries. 16. What is the best title for the passage? A. MoM: A Breakthrough in Global Flood Early Warning. B. NSA: A Partner of Small Communities in Flood Rescue. C. MoM Saves Small Communities From Flood Disasters. D. NSA Leads the Improvement of Flood Detection Tools. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年安徽宣城市第一学期期末检测高一英语试题)Iceland lies across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a dividing line between two of Earth’s crustal(地壳的) plates which are moving apart. That allows hot, liquid rock called magma to well up easily from the depths. Iceland also sits just below the Arctic circle and enjoys glacier-friendly cold temperatures, housing 34 active volcanoes(火山), half buried under ice up to 1 km thick. As the climate warms, these glaciers are melting(融化). Glaciers bear down on the Earth’s crust, squeezing(挤压) the underlying rock and raising its melting point. Remove the ice and the rock bounces back, easing pressure. This lowers the melting point, increasing magma formation, which then erupts as lava. Some predict the glaciers will disappear in two centuries, which could upset the volcanoes below, causing them to erupt more frequently, more wildly or both. Early geological data suggests Iceland now produces two or three times more magma than a century ago. Some volcanoes like Grimsvotn and Bardarbunga have grown more active, while others like Katla have stayed quiet for over a century but may erupt more wildly. History supports this link: some 10, 000 years ago, after thick ice melted away during the last ice age, there were 30 to 50 times more volcanic eruptions in Iceland. This isn’t unique to Iceland — Antarctica, Alaska, and the Andes are similarly affected, with around 250 volcanoes under or near ice. Research published in 2020 suggests that though only 20, 000 people live within 5 km of an affected volcano, 160 million people within 100 km of one face risks like water shortages and mudslides. And people need not live nearby to be affected. When Eyjafjallajokull, a small volcano by Icelandic standards, erupted 15 years ago, it sent into the atmosphere an ash cloud enough to cause six days of air travel problems. In the late 18th century, Laki, another Icelandic volcano, poured out so much sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ash that some historians suggest crop failures precipitated by the resulting drop in temperatures helped lead to the French revolution. 17. What makes magma easy to well up in Iceland? A. Being on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. B. The thick ice covering volcanoes. C. Its location near the Arctic circle. D. The frequent volcanic eruptions. 18. What does the underlined word “precipitated” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Caused. B. Prevented. C. Recorded. D. Discovered. 19. What is the best title of the passage? A. Iceland may experience active volcanoes. B. Global warming may have volcanic results. C. Volcanic eruptions may cause serious problems. D. Glacier melting may lead to land moving quickly. 20. Where is this passage most probably from? A. A natural travel blog. B. A fictional novel. C. A scientific magazine. D. A weather forecast report. Passage 6 (2025-2026学年广东茂名市第一学期普通高中期末教学质量监测高一英语试题)November 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day. Tsunamis don’t happen often, but they cause terrible damage. People usually focus on helping victims right after a tsunami, but the long-term economic costs are often forgotten. Poor countries face big problems. They have little money and few people have insurance(保险), so tsunami costs can be much higher than their national savings. This leads to more borrowing, debt and greater weakness. Even when we calculate the average annual loss (AAL) from tsunamis, the costs stay high. Smaller countries and economies suffer more. For example, Polynesia’s AAL is lower than New Zealand’s, but it’s 13 times more costly relative to its GDP. Tsunamis also slow development. Small island nations and poor countries like Somalia, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu lose 0. 4-0. 9% of their GDP yearly due to tsunami risks. Some may even struggle to pay their debts after a big tsunami. Rich countries recover quickly, but poor nations need decades to rebuild. However, we can reduce risks: tsunami-resistant(防海啸) buildings, coastal green areas and early warning systems work well. Yet not enough money is spent on these measures. Investing in risk reduction isn’t an extra cost — it helps with lasting growth. Every dollar spent saves lives, cuts losses and helps poor countries reach their development goals faster. On World Tsunami Awareness Day, let’s remember the value of preventing tsunami risks. 21. What makes tsunami costs worse for poor countries? A. Low insurance coverage. B. Lack of early warnings. C. Slow development speed. D. Simple basic facilities. 22. What can be inferred about small economies? A. They recover faster after tsunamis. B. Tsunamis hit them more frequently. C. They have higher AAL than big ones. D. Their GDP is more affected by tsunamis. 23. Which is an effective risk reduction measure? A. More relief aid. B. Coastal green belts. C. GDP growth promotion. D. Debt reduction policies. 24. What’s the best title for the text? A. Tsunamis: Causes and Destructive Effects B. Tsunamis: Economic Losses Across Countries C. Reducing Tsunami Risk: Value and Measures D. Reducing Tsunami Risk: Global Investment Needs Passage 7 (2025-2026学年广东中山市第一学期期末综合练习题高一英语试题)Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries,researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect(探测) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquakes sensors (感应器) to detect quakes and issue warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which account for 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system. “Although AEA is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes,” says Allen, the leader of the study. Working on the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, AEA system will send two types of alerts(警报) to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” alerts to users. These alerts are designed to draw users’attention immediately and remind them to take protective actions. It also delivers “Be aware” alerts to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these alerts were, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did indeed experience shaking, with 36% receiving the alert before the ground began to move, 28%during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focused on improving the AEA system. “We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts.” says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example,could help the emergency rescue after an earthquake. 25. What is AEA’s advantage over the traditional way? A. It sends earlier warnings. B. It has smarter sensors. C. It detects smaller quakes. D. It requires less funding. 26. What decides the type of alerts? A. Result of the earthquake. B. Location of the earthquake. C. Reason of the earthquake. D. Magnitude of the earthquake. 27. What do Allen’s words mean in paragraph 5? A. Technological advances prevent disasters. B. Researches on earthquakes are in demand. C. The alert system needs further development. D. Quality of rescue tools requires improvement. 28. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a warning system. B. To raise public safety awareness. C. To compare two types of alerts. D. To promote a disaster rescue tool. Passage 8 (2025-2026学年河北雄安新区上学期期末考试高一英语试题)Being able to find an earthquake before it happens is the goal for earthquake scientists around the world. Now, with cellphone technology and cooperation, that goal is coming true. Sometimes great ideas come from unexpected partnerships. One would not naturally think of Google and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) working together, but they have joined hands to create an earthquake early warning system, as the BBC reports. The cooperation between the tech company and the government organization led to Shake Alert, a phone app that automatically(自动) warns users of coming earthquakes. The app gets information from two sources. The first source is over 700 seismometers(地震仪) — machines that find earth shakes across the U. S. by the USGS. The second uses information from phones. All phones have accelerometers(加速度计), which can feel quickly when the phone moves. These are very susceptible and can work like small earthquake scientists. When the app puts together the information from all users in an area, it can tell when an earthquake is about to happen and send a warning through radio waves. Radio waves are faster than seismic waves. An earthquake warning was sent in California on September 12, 2024 when a 4.7 magnitude(级) shook the LA area. California’s first early warning system in the nation provided advance notice to 425,217 phones. In just three hours after the quake, over 20,000 people got the app. While this early warning system is helpful, it’s not perfect. National Geographic points out that most people only get a few seconds of warning before the quake hits, and those close to the quake’s center get almost no warning at all. Still, having this system is a step forward. Even a few seconds of warning to take shelter during an earthquake can mean the difference between being hurt or safe, alive or dead. Maybe one day, people will get a warning on Monday that an earthquake may hit on Tuesday and thousands of lives could be saved. 29. What can we learn about ShakeAlert from the text? A. It helps warn of earthquakes. B. It takes the place of seismometers. C. It works better than USGS tools. D. It is designed for seismologists. 30. What does the underlined word “susceptible” mean in paragraph 4? A. Sensitive. B. Costly. C. Slow. D. Dangerous. 31. Why is the 2024 California earthquake mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To encourage app downloads. B. To prove the app’s practical use. C. To describe an earthquake’s effect. D. To compare different warning systems. 32. Where is this text most likely taken from? A. A geographic paper. B. A technology news report. C. A mobile phone user guide. D. A government safety notice. Passage 9 (2025-2026学年江西上饶市高一上学期期末英语试题)In August 2011, tropical Storm Irene hit New York’s Catskill Mountains hard with 18 inches of rain in hours. Near Arizona Mountain, the soil became so wet and lost its stability, causing a sudden debris(残骸) flow — a destructive mix of big rocks, trees, mud, and water. This 100-foot-wide torrent(急流) destroyed a small bridge and blocked pipes. Today, such “invisible landslides” are growing more and more frequent in the U.S. Northeast, caused by climate change: extreme rainstorms are 60% stronger than in the 1950s. Researchers from Dartmouth College even predict that extreme rain will increase by 52% by the year 2100. “Our landscapes have been stable since the last ice age”, explains Andrew Kozlowski, a geologist from New York State. But climate change is breaking this long-standing balance. Landslides arise from four factors: steep hillsides, loose soil, reduced vegetation (from cutting down trees or wildfires), and heavy rain. In 2024, hurricane Helene caused over 2,000 landslides in North Carolina. In Craigtown, four mudslides(泥流) buried the community, and killed 11 people. High-mountain regions face greater risks: melting frozen soil in places like the Alps and Himalayas is making slopes unstable. A tragic example was a 2025 glacier collapse in Switzerland that destroyed an entire village. The U.S. has no national landslide strategy — Only 44% of the country has been evaluated(评估) for landslide risk, and counties like Greene leave out landslides from disaster plans. Vermont’s Geological Survey is creating a warning system that links rainfall radar data to soil moisture levels, but a lack of money has delayed it. “We need to stop building on steep slopes,” says Benjamin DeJong, Vermont’s state geologist, “and teach communities to evacuate fast.” For Joe Merlino, who lives near the 2011 Shingle Kill slide, the threat still exists. “Every heavy rain, I watch the stream,” he says, “I’m afraid a big rock will crash into my house.” As climate change worsens, experts warn that ignoring landslides won’t make them disappear. It will only make the next disaster more deadly. 33. What directly led to the 2011 debris flow near Arizona Mountain? A. Blocked pipes. B. Melting frozen soil. C. A broken bridge. D. Very wet and unstable soil. 34. What can be inferred about “invisible landslides” in the U. S. Northeast? A. They are now less of a risk. B. They will stop increasing by 2100. C. They only occur after tropical storms. D. They are related closely to climate change. 35. What is a key problem in fighting U. S. landslides? A. Public ignorance about rain dangers. B. Forecasting the weather accurately. C. No national plan and poor risk maps. D. Moving people away from danger quickly. 36. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Invisible Slides: Growing Threats B. Climate Change: Landslide Causes C. Extreme Rains: Mountain Disasters D. Landslide Disasters: Global Warnings Passage 10 (2025-2026学年云南昆明市五华区上学期期末高一英语试卷)A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that happens in forests, grasslands, or other wild areas. While it often seems to be dangerous, fire is a natural part of the world. Some plants even need the heat from fires to open their seeds and grow. However, when wildfires burn too large, too hot, or too close to human living places, they become main disasters. Wildfires need three elements to start, known as the “fire triangle”: fuel(燃料), like dry trees,grass, and bushes, oxygen, and a heat source. The heat source can be natural, such as a lightning strike, or human-caused activities, like a campfire left unwatched, broken power lines, or even a cigarette. Dry, hot, and windy weather creates perfect conditions for fires to spread rapidly. These fires destroy large areas of forests and wildlife habitats, bringing terrible damage to nature and human beings. The fires release very large amounts of terrible smoke, causing poor air quality and serious health risks. What’s more, wildfires cause widespread economic loss by destroying homes, buildings and people’s belongings and important systems like roads, bridges and power lines, while also directly threatening human lives and communities. The long-term ecological recovery can take years. Prevention is the most effective tool. This includes creating firebreaks by purposely clearing possible fuel- like dry grass, bushes, and dead wood- from a certain long and narrow piece of land to stop the fire’s spread. Other measures include conducting controlled burns and most importantly, public education. People should be extremely careful with any outdoor fire during dry seasons. Living with wildfire means respecting its power and learning to take care of nature and ourselves. 37. What does the “fire triangle” refer to? A. Heat sources of wildfires. B. Necessary factors of wildfires. C. Damages caused by wildfires. D. Conditions for wildfire spread. 38. What can be inferred about wildfires? A. Their threats to humans are mostly indirect. B. They are mainly caused by human activities. C. Their advantages for plants beat disadvantages. D. They have lasting effects on the ecological system. 39. How can a firebreak be created? A. Removing fuel from a certain area. B. Dealing with any outdoor fire carefully. C. Raising public awareness of prevention. D. Cutting the number of human-caused burns. 40. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Wildfires: Causes and Effects B. Prevention: The Solution to Wildfires C. Disasters: A Natural Part of the World D. Wildfires: Nature’s Force and Human Reaction Passage 11 (2025-2026学年贵州省安顺市高一第一学期期末教学质量检测英语试题)The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates. In these locations, daily life is shaped by the need to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. From burning deserts to ice-bound settlements, nature never fails to impress with its power and diversity. Deep in the Sahara Desert lies Araouane, Mali, among the hottest places on the planet. Summers are extremely long and tough — average temperatures can hit 46℃. Strong winds regularly move across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms. Even with such intense summer heat, the winter season offers much milder weather that is ideal for outdoor activities. At the other extreme is Oymyakon, Russia, considered one of the coldest inhabited areas in the world. Winter temperatures usually stay around -50℃, and the lowest ever recorded was -71.2℃ in 1924. In the depth of winter, daylight lasts for only three hours each day. Because the ground is icy all year, local people have developed a diet that includes raw fish. Yet in summer, the weather turns surprisingly warm and wet—the summer temperatures can get up to 34℃. Not far away from Oymyakon lies Verkhoyansk, referred to as the “cold pole”. It holds the record for the largest annual temperature range on Earth-an astonishing 106℃. Winters are bitterly cold and extended — temperatures in January can reach as low as -70℃, while summers can reach 38℃. This area also offers the unique experience of polar days and polar nights. Closer to us, Xining in China is known for its sharp daily temperature changes, particularly in April. A warm afternoon might see temperatures around 24℃, perfect for light clothing, but by nightfall, it can drop to near 0℃, making heavy coats necessary. This quick change allows people to live through two different seasons in just one day. 41. What problem do strong winds bring to Araouane, Mali? A. They make winter weather much colder. B. They cause frequent sandstorms on the dry land. C. They lead to extremely high summer temperatures. D. They destroy the outdoor activity areas in winter. 42. Why do local people in Oymyakon eat raw fish? A. Because raw fish is delicious and popular. B. Because the daylight lasts for only three hours each day. C. Because it is a traditional food in their culture. D. Because the ground is frozen throughout the year. 43. What can we infer from the text about Xining in April? A. The lowest temperature. B. Light clothing to wear. C. Light and heavy clothing to prepare. D. Small temperature difference. 44. Which is the best title for the text? A. Places with Extraordinary and Extreme Climates. B. People’s Adaption to Extreme Climates. C. The Hottest and Coldest Places on Earth. D. Temperature Changes Around the World. Passage 12 (2025-2026学年重庆市九龙坡区重庆外国语学校高一上1月测试英语试题)We were halfway through our cyclone preparation. This is the fourth natural disaster I’ve experienced in the last eight years. One-in-100-year floods (2017), serious bushfires (2019), one-in-1,000-year floods (2022) and now Cyclone Alfred. Cyclones are a new threat. I’ve lived in my homeplace, in northern New South Wales, for almost 50 years and we’ve never had a cyclone cross land in our area. We were in uncharted waters. I live in a forest my parents planted. The house is surrounded by trees. Usually, this is a good thing, but as the wind began to pick up, it was hard not to be frightened. As I was busy in trying to get things in order, I happened to see a baby bird, feathered, but not yet flying. It was tiny, and bright green. I’d never seen the like. I captured it, put it in a box and called our local wildlife hotline. The woman I spoke to agreed to meet me at a designated(指定的) handover spot. I jumped in the car and drove. We parked back to back, with the wind blowing wildly all around us, and I got out to hand her the box. “I’d love to chat,” she said, taking the box, “but I better get back.” I nodded. The rain was beginning to spin around us. When I was back at home, the sound of the wind was rising. My son, who lives in the next big town, invited me to his home. At my son’s house, the waiting began. Alfred didn’t cross land until Saturday morning. The night of the crossing was wild and it was strange to be so far from the trees. Were they upturned in the night? But the forest still stood. The power had gone out days before. We’d already lost all the food in our fridge. With no power, we had no water, which made life difficult. The long wait for power restoration began. Longer, it seemed, than the wait for Alfred. We are very tired. At home, I checked my landline. There was a message from the wildlife carers saying my baby bird was a rose-crowned fruit dove, quite rare. It would be raised to adulthood and set free. I could feel my heartbeat in my chest. One tiny, wild life. Four natural disasters in eight years. What is this new world my grandbabies are inheriting? We knew it was coming, but it’s already here. 45. What does the underlined phrase “in uncharted waters” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. In a dangerous condition. B. In an unfamiliar situation. C. In a place without maps. D. In a geographically remote area. 46. Why did the author meet the woman in the rain? A. To deliver a baby bird for its safety. B. To seek shelter from the cyclone. C. To make wildlife protection plans. D. To seek advice on handling the cyclone. 47. What troubled the author after the cyclone? A. The destroyed house. B. The loss of trees. C. The safety of the bird. D. The power failure. 48. What does the message in the last paragraph imply? A. Disastrous events are growing. B. The world is changing too fast. C. Future generations are at a loss. D. Human strength can overcome difficulties. Passage 13 (2025-2026学年广东省广州市从化区高一上学期期末英语试题)Tsunamis are huge waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. They can travel as fast as a jet plane (644 km/h) across the ocean, but you can hardly see them in deep water. This made it hard for scientists to warn people in time, until NASA created a disaster alert system called Guardian. In July 2025, a strong earthquake hit near Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula. Minutes later, alarms rang across the Pacific, and millions were ordered to leave their homes. What made this event historic was Guardian’s response: Using artificial intelligence and satellite signals, it detected(测出) the tsunami just 20 minutes after the quake, warning Hawaii 30-40 minutes before waves arrived. Though the 1.7-meter waves caused only minor flooding, the system proved its value. How does Guardian work? When a tsunami moves large amounts of water up and down, it disturbs the air high above Earth. This air layer, called the ionosphere(电离层), has tiny charged particles(微粒). The disturbance changes the number of these particles, which slows down signals from navigation satellites. By measuring the slowdown, Guardian spots tsunamis in near real time. Guardian is better than old tools. It not only gives more complete and faster information, but also helps detect volcanoes and nuclear tests. But it’s not perfect. If a tsunami starts close to a coast, Guardian can’t warn people fast enough. For communities near the center of quake, the ionosphere’s 10-to-30-minute response(反应) time is too slow. But for distant areas, like those hit by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that killed 228,000 people, Guardian could save countless lives. As Europe develops its own similar system and Guardian gets upgraded to predict wave size and landfall time, the future of tsunami warning looks brighter. This breakthrough reminds us that innovation often comes from thinking beyond old tools, turning changes of satellite signals into a lifeline for coastal people. 49. Why was the 2025 tsunami special? A. It spread throughout the Pacific Ocean. B. Many people had to leave their homes. C. It was caused by a powerful earthquake. D. Early warnings were sent before it arrived. 50. How does Guardian detect tsunamis? A. By making use of traditional ocean tools. B. By counting the number of charged particles. C. By observing the size of waves in deep water. D. By measuring the slowdown of satellite signals. 51. In what situation can Guardian be more effective to save lives? A. When a tsunami spreads fast. B. When a tsunami is huge enough. C. When a tsunami hits the distant areas. D. When a tsunami starts all of a sudden. 52. What will Guardian probably do in the future? A. It will be equipped with new satellites. B. It will be replaced by new warning systems. C. It will be improved to carry out more tasks. D. It will prevent tsunamis from getting serious. Passage 14 (2025-2026学年贵州省贵阳市普通中学第一学期期末监测高一英语试卷)“To me, it’s family. We are alive — that’s it,” Otoniel Gomez, a 67-year-old father, told NBC reporters. A fire broke out on the first floor of a California home in the middle of the night. Captain Scan Doran of the Orange County Fire Authority explained what happened. He said that a woman first smelled smoke, and then woke up her husband, Gomez, who tried to open their door but couldn’t get out because of heavy smoke and heat. So he jumped from their bedroom window and then quickly found a ladder(梯子). “The father, on the ladder, pounded(猛敲) on his son’s bedroom window, trying to wake him — but the boy was still fast asleep.” Doran noted. “With forced calm, he says, ‘Open the window. We’re going to have to jump. We’re going to get you out of here,’ over and over again.” With the window finally open, Gomez quickly guided his son down to safety. They successfully got out just moments before the fire completely burned down the house. The family praised Gomez for saving them from the burning house. His eldest daughter, Amina, called him a hero. She said, “Growing up, I never saw him panic. I never saw him stressed out. Even when things went wrong, he would always wear a smile.” She added, “as a child, I never felt uncertain or scared because of him.” After the fire, Daisy Valdivia, one of Gomez’s kids, has started a GoFundMe(众筹) to help the family as they’ve lost everything in the fire. “My dad is facing one of the most difficult times of his life,” she wrote. “He is currently homeless, trying to care for his young child who is still in elementary school.” 53. What did Otoniel Gomez do first when he knew the fire? A. He woke up his son. B. He looked for a ladder. C. He tried to open the door. D. He jumped out of the window. 54. What does Amina think of her father? A. Strict and caring. B. Calm and positive. C. Wise and understanding. D. Brave and humorous. 55. How did Daisy Valdivia try to help her family after the fire? A. She asked the fire station for help. B. She took her brother to live with her. C. She tried to raise money for the family. D. She bought a new house for the family. 56. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Hero Father B. Rebuilding Family Ties C. A Burning House D. Seeking a Home Together Passage 15 (2025-2026学年福建省漳州市芗城中学高一上学期1月月考英语试题)Natural disasters are nature’s anger, which can upset even the most developed countries and make them into ruins. There is nothing we can do to stop such disasters happening. In that case it is quite possible that we are all short of electricity, water, food, etc. The basic necessities to be stored for times of disasters are explained below. Drinking water is a must for any human to survive. It has to be stored based on the number of people in the household. A normal human would consume a gallon of water a day. Food is an important requirement. Especially in times of disasters, our bodies would be weak. Rich food is very important in such times of danger. Food like dry fruits would be ideal as they last long and give us energy. A First Aid Kit and basic medicines are a must and do remember to store some of them. Certain basic things such as scissors and soaps would be handy. It is a good idea to have a radio to be updated with the ongoing news. An Earthquake preparedness Kit would be of great help in fighting against an earthquake in the places where earthquakes take place very often. However, this can happen anywhere in the world so it is a must and should be well equipped in advance. There are wind storms that can leave behind a trail of destruction. The US has suffered from many tornadoes Taking steps in advance to handle such unforeseen circumstances(情况) is a must. It is a good idea to plan an ideal place which would be helpful in protecting you and your family from the storm. Floods and other natural disasters probably happen unexpectedly someday, so we need to make preparations for them. Do take steps in advance. Being well prepared is the only way that would help us recover from such disasters. 57. From the first paragraph we can learn that natural disasters ________. A. can’t be prevented by man B. can be controlled by humans C. can take place more often D. will ruin the earth someday 58. Which kind of food is most suitable for storing according to the author? A. Meat and fish. B. Some dry fruits. C. Cakes and bread. D. Apples and pears. 59. What is the good way to deal with tornadoes according to the author? A. Staying outside of your house with your family. B. Planning a safe place for all your family to stay at. C. Storing enough water for you and your family. D. Preparing an Earthquake preparedness Kit earlier. 60. In this passage the author mainly tells readers to ________. A. fight against natural disasters with their family bravely B. keep calm in the circumstances of natural disasters C. prepare necessities for natural disasters ahead of time D. take steps to reduce the damage of natural disasters 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年河南洛阳市第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit(急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle(哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A. There are things you can prepare for your phone. B. Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C. In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D. These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E. Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F. If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G. They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年广东惠州市第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) How to Survive a High-Rise Fire Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue. 6 An unexpected fire alarm will be scary, but panicking won’t help. Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. 7 If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit. Be sure to close all the doors behind you, so you don’t give the fire more oxygen to keep burning. 8 Smoke inhalation(吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl(匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter(过滤) out the smoke as you breathe. If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door. 9 Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building. 10 But don’t break it, and don’t jump. You’ll likely have better chances of survival waiting calmly inside for help to arrive. A. Then feel the door to your unit. B. You can open the window wide and ask for help. C. Run as fast as possible while passing through smoke. D. Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible. E. And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death. F. And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out. G. You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window. Passage 3 (2025-2026学年山东省济南市济南名校联考高一上学期1月月考英语试题)Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural disasters, often striking without warning and causing great damage. Understanding what to do during and after an earthquake can save lives. 11 If you are indoors when an earthquake hits, the first rule is to stay calm. Rushing outside in panic(惊慌地) can lead to injuries from falling objects. Instead, hide under a table or desk, holding on to one leg to stay balanced as the ground shakes. Avoid standing near windows, mirrors, or heavy furniture that could fall over. Once the shaking stops, check the environment around you before moving. Check for any immediate dangers, such as gas leaks(泄漏), or broken electrical wires, or structural damage. 12 If you smell gas, turn off the gas supply right away and open windows. For electrical issues, turn off the main power to prevent fires. If you are trapped under objects after an earthquake, saving energy is key. 13 Shout only when you hear rescuers nearby — non-stop shouting can waste energy and leave you very tired. Instead, tap on a pipe or wall with a hard object to let others know your location. This method is more useful and helps you use less energy, increasing your chances of being found. After an earthquake, communities often face long-term challenges, including homelessness, shortage of clean water, and the spread of disease. 14 Local governments and aid organizations set up shelters, give out food and water, and provide medical care to those in need. However, recovery takes time, and people can help by donating supplies or volunteering. By learning about earthquake safety measures and preparing an emergency kit in advance, you can protect yourself and your family when disaster strikes. 15 A. These problems require common efforts to solve. B. Every second matters in such a dangerous situation. C. Try to stay as quiet as possible to save your strength. D. Do not use elevators, as they may stop during the quake. E. Knowing what to do during the quake itself is important. F. Preparation is the best way to face such unexpected disasters. G. Never light a match or use a candle to check for any damage. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第一中学校高一上期期末考试英语试题) Some True Recovery After Disasters When a disaster strikes, the immediate focus is on search and rescue and delivering urgent supplies to those in need. What is often overlooked is the long shadow cast on a community’s collective psyche — the hidden pain that lasts far longer than severely broken buildings and collapsed roads. 16 True recovery is not just about rebuilding what was lost, but about healing what cannot be seen. Many people believe that aid work ends when the last supply truck departs and temporary shelters are closed. 17 In reality, the most critical phase begins when the world’s attention moves on: helping survivors rebuild identity, restore trust in failed systems, and prepare for future crises without helplessness. A core principle of ethical aid is that survivors must be the solution’s center, not passive receivers of charity. 18 Too often, external groups arrive with pre-packaged plans ignoring local traditions or unique community needs. True empowerment means listening first, then acting with, not for, the community. 19 Disasters expose deep inequalities: disadvantaged groups are hardest hit and last to get aid, though they bear least responsibility for disasters’ root causes. Recovery ignoring these inequalities keeps harmful systems in place that deepen suffering. Of course, equal recovery faces tough challenges. 20 Governments put economic growth before schools and hospitals; international aid often ties to political agendas. Yet community-led recovery creates sustainable, resilient solutions that stand the test of time. A. Weak groups need rights and resources they never had. B. Homes built and people fed are poor standards for true recovery. C. Respect local expertise and let communities lead their own decisions. D. Systemic barriers are the biggest problem for recovery, not disaster damage. E. Beyond destruction, disasters reveal some unpleasant truths about modern societies. F. This narrow view ignores the long-term work of healing and empowerment for survivors. G. These hidden pains can slow down the whole community’s recovery for many long years. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年浙江嘉兴市第一学期期末检测高一英语试卷)Floods can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world. 21 Here is a simple guide to keep you and your family safe. Make a flood survival plan. 22 This plan should include contact information and meeting points. Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone knows where these locations are and how to get there safely. Prepare an emergency kit. Get ready a kit that includes basic necessities. 23 Pack at least three gallons of water per person so everyone can drink a gallon a day. Also, remember to include a first aid kit, any special medications your family needs, warm clothing, and personal identification documents stored in a waterproof(防水的) bag. 24 Some people think they can ride out the flood, but keep yourself safe by taking proper action. When you are in a car, you need to move to higher ground immediately. Please avoid crossing through flood waters. Even water up to your ankles(脚踝) can be dangerous. You can’t see how deep the water is the rest of the way. Follow news and warnings. Once you are safe, do not return home until the authorities say it is safe to do so. In addition, listen for the authorities to say that water from the community water supply is safe to drink. 25 A. Escape flood waters. B. Move your car to a safe place. C. This will help prevent illness and further damage. D. Check your food supplies regularly and replace bad ones. E. Surviving a flood depends on your preparation and action. F. A good kit should have three-day food and water for everyone. G. You can sit down with your family to work out a plan of action. ( 19 / 19 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Unit 2 Natural disasters 单元话题---自然灾害与防范 (阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇) 01 主题介绍 02 高考模拟演练 03 阅读理解专练 本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是自然灾害与防范，涉及的语篇类型有视频、新闻报道、短故事、小说节选、信息文件夹等。阅读理解帮助学生认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，掌握在遇到自然灾害时自救知识。通过群文阅读让学生了解突发的自然灾害，形成安全意识，坚定保护环境的信念；训练学生的阅读策略。 (2016年江苏高考)El Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 1. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1? A. It is named after a South American fisherman. B. It takes place almost every year all over the world. C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 2. What may El Nino bring about to the countries affected? A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B. Droughts become more harmful than floods. C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses. D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________. A. more investment should go to risk reduction B. governments of poor countries need more aid C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation D. recovery and reconstruction should come first 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To introduce El Nino and its origin. B. To explain the consequences of El Nino. C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino. D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后进行重新补救和恢复。 1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故D正确。 2. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处多于它带来的损失。C项正确。 3. A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.故A项正确。 4. D 主旨大意题。根据最后一句＂Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.＂各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置。也就是说我们要事先做好准备。故D项正确。 【名师点睛】第4小题属于阅读理解中的目的意图题。作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词(approving, positive, optimistic,等)，贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如improving, encouraging, disappointing, ignore等，以及作者对人物语言､行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度｡ 本文最后一句Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.既然最贫穷的国家最不可能从厄尔尼诺这样的灾难中得到弥补，那么我们要把减少损失放在首要位置。从本句的措辞中可以看出本文正是要敦促我们要为可能发生的厄尔尼诺做好准备。 阅读理解 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年山东菏泽市高一上学期2月月考英语试题)Minnesota, mid-winter. A snowstorm blows through the city, leaving 500,000 homes without power, drivers stuck on highways and flights put off. Meanwhile, forty feet up an electric pole(电线杆), a technician is trying to get the lights back on, but not knowing where to check the fix or how to call for support from the rescue centre. When disaster hits, frontline workers must mobilize. But, too often, they are going to work armed with last century’s tools. Rescue efforts are running on clipboards(记事板) and piles of paper. And there’s a price: longer power failure, and water supply shut off for longer. This is one of cases calling for Industrial AI. It is AI that is trained to fix specific problems in dangerous situations where, sometimes, life is on the line. And, AI has the power to change how we respond(回应) to disasters. Before a disaster hits, planners, with the help of an Industrial AI, predict where a heavy storm might move next — and maps a live view of what is at risk. Rescue workers are timely sent to the exact sites as the facts change. And, once technicians are on the job, they will know what’s gone wrong on an image or video and they will finish the fix quickly through AI guidance. “If we can cut recovery time by getting rescue workers to the right places with the right tools, before the event even hits, then hospitals stay powered, field teams work safely and families return to warm homes faster,” said Brian Burdette, head of the rescue team. These are AI technologies that are already being tested. But, if we’re to see a real influence, we need to enter into a spirit of openness and cooperation(合作). We need nations and companies to pull together at a system-wide level, not just organization by organization or area by area, catching the chance that industrial AI presents for intelligent responses. For technicians risking their life in a disaster, we owe them that much. 1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about the disaster? A. Its cause. B. Its type. C. Its influence. D. Its location. 2. What does the underlined “life is on the line” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Time is running out. B. AI is worth its value. C. People are waiting in line. D. People are risking their lives. 3. What is Brian Burdette’s attitude towards Industrial AI rescue work? A. Supportive B. Doubtful C. Uncertain D. Objective 4. What does the author suggest about the rescue work in the last paragraph? A. Cutting recovery time B. Encouraging cooperation. C. Training skilled technicians. D. Using advanced technology. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了明尼苏达暴风雪暴露出传统救灾工具的低效问题。工业 AI 可预测灾害、指导救援、缩短恢复时间。作者呼吁各方合作，用 AI 提升救灾效率。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minnesota, mid-winter. A snowstorm blows through the city, leaving 500,000 homes without power, drivers stuck on highways and flights put off. Meanwhile, forty feet up an electric pole (电线杆), a technician is trying to get the lights back on, but not knowing where to check the fix or how to call for support from the rescue centre.(明尼苏达州，隆冬时节。一场暴风雪席卷了这座城市，致使50万户家庭断电，司机被困在高速公路上，航班也被迫延误。与此同时，在一根40英尺高的电线杆上，一名技术人员正试图恢复供电，但他不知道该从何处查找解决办法，也不知道如何向救援中心请求支援)”可知，第一段主要向我们讲述了这场灾难的规模。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When disaster hits, frontline workers must mobilize. But, too often, they are going to work armed with last century’s tools. Rescue efforts are running on clipboards (记事板) and piles of paper.(当灾难来袭时，一线救援人员必须迅速行动。但他们往往还在使用上个世纪的工具开展工作。救援工作仍依赖记事板和成堆的纸质文件)”可知，救援人员的设备陈旧，所以人们在冒着生命危险工作。故划线词意思是“生命处于危险中”。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段““If we can cut recovery time by getting rescue workers to the right places with the right tools, before the event even hits, then hospitals stay powered, field teams work safely and families return to warm homes faster,” said Brian Burdette, head of the rescue team.( 救援队负责人布莱恩·伯德特说：“如果我们能在事件发生之前，就让救援人员携带合适的工具抵达现场，从而缩短救援时间，那么医院就能保持正常运转，救援队伍就能安全作业，受灾家庭也能更快地回到温暖的家中。”)”可知，布莱恩·伯德特对工业人工智能救援工作持支持态度。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We need nations and companies to pull together at a system-wide level, not just organization by organization or area by area, catching the chance that industrial AI presents for intelligent responses.(我们需要各个国家和企业从整个系统层面携手合作，而不能只是按组织单位或地区分别行动，要抓住工业人工智能所带来的做出智能反应的机遇)”可知，作者建议救援工作鼓励合作。故选B。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年江西上饶市民校考试联盟高一上学期阶段测试(二)When the earthquake hit, I was in my office on the 10th floor. At first, I felt a gentle shake, but within seconds, it became a violent(猛烈的) shake. The building swayed(摇摆) like a tree in the wind. I immediately hid under my desk, my heart pounding with fear. I could hear screams and the sound of breaking glass from outside. I was sure that was the end. Miraculously, the building did not collapse(倒塌). When the shaking stopped, I rushed out of the building with my colleagues. The streets were filled with dust and frightened people. Many buildings around us had been damaged. We later learned that it was a 7.0-magnitude earthquake. That night, we had to sleep in a temporary shelter in a park because our homes were unsafe to return to. The experience was terrifying, but it made me realize how fragile(脆弱的) life can be and how important it is to be prepared for natural disasters. 5. Where was the author when the earthquake started? A. In a park. B. In his car. C. In his office. D. In his home. 6. What did the author do when the earthquake became violent? A. He ran out of the building. B. He hid under his desk. C. He called his family. D. He stood by the window. 7. How did the author feel during the earthquake? A. Terrified and fearful. B. Excited and curious. C. Calm and peaceful. D. Confused and lost. 8. Where did the author stay that night? A. In his office. B. In his home. C. In a hotel. D. In a temporary shelter. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在地震时的经历、感受及震后的安置情况。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When the earthquake hit, I was in my office on the 10th floor. (当地震发生时，我在10楼的办公室里。)”可知，地震开始时作者在办公室里。故选C项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第一段“At first, I felt a gentle shake, but within seconds, it became a violent (猛烈的) shake. The building swayed (摇摆) like a tree in the wind. I immediately hid under my desk, my heart pounding with fear. (起初，我感到一阵轻微的震动，但几秒钟后，它就变成了剧烈的震动。这座建筑像一棵树在风中摇曳。我立刻躲到桌子底下，吓得心砰砰直跳)”可知，当地震变得剧烈时，作者躲到了桌子下面。故选B项。 7. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The building swayed (摇摆) like a tree in the wind. I immediately hid under my desk, my heart pounding with fear. (这座建筑像一棵树在风中摇曳。我立刻躲到桌子底下，吓得心砰砰直跳)”以及第二段“The experience was terrifying, (这次经历很可怕)”可知，作者在地震期间感到害怕和恐惧。故选A项。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段“That night, we had to sleep in a temporary shelter in a park because our homes were unsafe to return to. (那天晚上，我们不得不睡在公园里的临时避难所里，因为我们的家不安全)”可知，作者那天晚上住在临时避难所里。故选D项。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年广东深圳市深圳高级中学(集团)第一学期期末测试题高一英语试题)Many parts of the world are predicted to endure “day-zero droughts” — periods of extreme and historically unmatched water scarcity — that could occur as soon as this decade in certain hot spots. While climate change is known to disrupt(扰乱) the global water cycle, it has been unclear exactly when and where such severe shortages would strike. A new study now helps answer these questions, with some findings surprising researchers. Scientists used numerous climate models to assess the timing and likelihood of day-zero droughts. Christian Franzke, a climate scientist at Pusan National University in South Korea and one of the study’s authors, described them as “unprecedented(前所未有的) water scarcity events” that “haven’t occurred so far. ” He explained, “It’s when you turn on your water tap and no water comes out. ” These events result from a mix of factors, including prolonged lack of rain, low river levels, shrinking reservoirs, and surging water demand from people, farms, and industries. The study found that nearly three- quarters of drought-prone(易发生干旱的) regions face high risk of severe droughts by 2100, and more than a third — including the western United States — could experience day- zero conditions as early as the 2020s or 2030s. “The finding that this could happen so soon, under current warming levels, was something that surprised us,” Franzke said, noting that some cities have already come dangerously close. The results highlight the urgent need to accelerate the clean energy transition and improve water management. Franzke added that the research should also guide water- intensive industries in some dry areas. One limitation is that the study does not include groundwater in its models, though the team used other methods to account for it. Richard Allan, a climate scientist not involved in the work, called it “important new evidence” showing how climate warming and rising water demand together threaten future water security. 9. What does the term “day-zero droughts” refer to? A. Efforts to reduce the occurrence of drought to zero. B. Extremely serious water shortage never seen before. C. Disabled global water cycle caused by climate change. D. A kind of drought that only happens in hot spots. 10. What can be inferred about day- zero droughts in Paragraph 2? A. Scientists have identified their exact timing and rate. B. Some cities are suffering from real day- zero droughts. C. Natural and human- related factors lead to them. D. They only occur in areas without big reservoirs. 11. Why did Franzke say the finding was astonishing? A. Drought- prone regions’ number is surprisingly large. B. The western United States is among the at- risk areas. C. Even areas with big reservoirs may face water shortage. D. Day- zero droughts could happen sooner than expected. 12. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To warn about potential serious water shortages. B. To describe climate change and rainfall patterns. C. To explain causes of water pollution in cities. D. To introduce new reservoir- building ways. 【答案】9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究预测，全球多地可能最早在近十年遭遇前所未有的 “零日干旱”，分析其成因与风险区域，并强调需加快清洁能源转型和改善水资源管理。 9. 词句猜测题。根据第一段 “Many parts of the world are predicted to endure “day-zero droughts” — periods of extreme and historically unmatched water scarcity — that could occur as soon as this decade in certain hot spots.(预计世界上许多地区将遭遇“day-zero droughts”—— 极端且历史上从未有过的水资源短缺时期 —— 部分热点地区最快本十年就可能出现。)” 可知，“day-zero droughts”指的是前所未有的极度严重的水资源短缺。故选B项。 10. 推理判断题。根据第二段“These events result from a mix of factors, including prolonged lack of rain, low river levels, shrinking reservoirs, and surging water demand from people, farms, and industries.(这些事件由多种因素共同造成，包括长期少雨、河流水位偏低、水库库容缩减，以及人类、农业和工业的用水需求激增。)”可知，零日干旱是由自然因素和人为相关因素共同导致的。故选C项。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The finding that this could happen so soon, under current warming levels, was something that surprised us,(发现在当前的气候变暖程度下，这种情况可能这么快就发生，这一点让我们感到惊讶。)”可知，弗朗茨克觉得这一发现令人震惊的原因是零日干旱的发生时间比预期的要早。故选D项。 12. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“While climate change is known to disrupt (扰乱) the global water cycle, it has been unclear exactly when and where such severe shortages would strike. A new study now helps answer these questions, with some findings surprising researchers.(尽管气候变化会扰乱全球水循环已是公认的事实，但此类严重的水资源短缺现象究竟会在何时、何地出现，此前一直尚无定论。一项新研究如今为这些问题找到了答案，其中部分研究发现甚至让科研人员感到意外。)”和第四段“The results highlight the urgent need to accelerate the clean energy transition and improve water management.(研究结果凸显出，加快清洁能源转型和完善水资源管理已迫在眉睫。)”可知，文章主要介绍了新研究对零日干旱的预测结果，警示全球面临的潜在严重水资源短缺问题，并强调应对的紧迫性。故选A项。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年广东大湾区普通高中第一学期期末综合练习题高一英语试题(A)Floods are among the most deadly and damaging disasters worldwide. Many smaller communities, especially those that have never experienced floods before, lack the tools they need to detect(监测) and manage the disaster, leaving them struggling to face the full force of flooding. To help protect these communities, the National Space Agency (NSA) has partnered with several leading scientific groups to develop a new flood detection tool called “Model of Models” (MoM) . This tool combines data from open-source hydrological(水文的) models with Earth observing satellite data to produce global flood risk level updates several times a day. When the MoM detects a high probability of flooding in an area, it sends a flood early warning to affected communities, letting them quickly take the necessary steps to save lives and belongings. “This new technology covers the face of the globe, enabling us to observe flood risk and predict the chance of floods in ways never before possible,” said Dr. Shan Clain, Manager for NSA’s Earth Science Applied Sciences Program. “The technology we’ve developed will make a huge difference, enabling early action by communities around the globe — especially small island communities and developing countries that lack the necessary early warning information to protect themselves and their loved ones during flood events.” MoM will be a game changer. Until now, full global flood early warnings have not been possible, either due to limitations in hydrologic monitoring networks, prediction models, or the professional knowledge to operate and widely share their results, especially in small and underdeveloped countries. Oma Sam, a director at the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, said: “Effective early warning information is shown to save lives. However, traditional flood early warning has so far been expensive and requires local funding, resources, knowledge as well as regular care. I am looking forward to helping NSA provide this powerful MoM to all communities so that early warnings can reach the last mile.” 13. What can we learn about MoM from paragraph 2? A. It sends early warnings several times a day. B. It frequently updates global flood risk levels. C. It is specially for flood-affected communities. D. It relies on human observation to detect floods. 14. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about MoM? A. Its operational steps. B. Its development history. C. Its value and effect. D. Its technology progress. 15. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Early warning information is enough to save lives. B. MoM has been provided to all the communities now. C. MoM is expected to beat some past system limitations. D. MoM is well-received in small developing countries. 16. What is the best title for the passage? A. MoM: A Breakthrough in Global Flood Early Warning. B. NSA: A Partner of Small Communities in Flood Rescue. C. MoM Saves Small Communities From Flood Disasters. D. NSA Leads the Improvement of Flood Detection Tools. 【答案】13. B 14. C 15. C 16. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国国家航天局(NSA)联合科研团队开发了一种名为“模型集合”(MoM)的洪水监测工具，旨在为全球社区提供更有效的洪水预警。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“This tool combines data from open-source hydrological (水文的) models with Earth observing satellite data to produce global flood risk level updates several times a day.(该工具将开源水文模型的数据与地球观测卫星数据相结合，每天多次更新全球洪水风险等级。)”可知，MoM每天多次更新全球洪水风险等级。故选B。 14. 主旨大意题。根据第三段““This new technology covers the face of the globe, enabling us to observe flood risk and predict the chance of floods in ways never before possible,” said Dr. Shan Clain, Manager for NSA’s Earth Science Applied Sciences Program. “The technology we’ve developed will make a huge difference, enabling early action by communities around the globe — especially small island communities and developing countries that lack the necessary early warning information to protect themselves and their loved ones during flood events.” MoM will be a game changer.(NSA地球科学应用科学项目负责人Shan Clain博士说：“这项新技术覆盖了全球，使我们能够以前所未有的方式观察洪水风险并预测洪水发生的可能性。”“我们开发的技术将产生巨大的影响，使全球社区能够及早采取行动——特别是小岛屿社区和发展中国家，它们缺乏在洪水事件中保护自己和亲人所需的预警信息。”MoM将改变游戏规则。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了MoM的价值和影响。故选C。 15. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Until now, full global flood early warnings have not been possible, either due to limitations in hydrologic monitoring networks, prediction models, or the professional knowledge to operate and widely share their results, especially in small and underdeveloped countries.(到目前为止，由于水文监测网络、预测模型或操作和广泛分享其结果的专业知识的局限性，特别是在小国和不发达国家，全球洪水预警一直无法实现。)”和最后一段“Oma Sam, a director at the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, said: “Effective early warning information is shown to save lives. However, traditional flood early warning has so far been expensive and requires local funding, resources, knowledge as well as regular care. I am looking forward to helping NSA provide this powerful MoM to all communities so that early warnings can reach the last mile.”(国际红十字会与红新月会联合会主任Oma Sam说：“有效的预警信息可以拯救生命。然而，到目前为止，传统的洪水预警成本高昂，需要当地资金、资源、知识以及定期维护。我期待着帮助NSA向所有社区提供这一强大的MoM，以便预警能够到达最后一公里。”)”可知，MoM有望克服过去的一些系统限制。故选C。 16. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Floods are among the most deadly and damaging disasters worldwide. Many smaller communities, especially those that have never experienced floods before, lack the tools they need to detect (监测) and manage the disaster, leaving them struggling to face the full force of flooding.(洪水是世界上最具破坏力和破坏性的灾难之一。许多较小的社区，特别是那些从未经历过洪水的社区，缺乏检测和管理灾难所需的工具，使他们难以应对洪水的全力冲击。)”和第二段“To help protect these communities, the National Space Agency (NSA) has partnered with several leading scientific groups to develop a new flood detection tool called “Model of Models” (MoM).(为了帮助保护这些社区，美国国家航天局(NSA)与几个领先的科研团队合作开发了一种名为“模型集合”(MoM)的新型洪水检测工具。)”可知，文章主要讲述了美国国家航天局(NSA)联合科研团队开发了一种名为“模型集合”(MoM)的洪水监测工具，旨在为全球社区提供更有效的洪水预警。由此可知，A项“MoM：全球洪水预警的突破”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年安徽宣城市第一学期期末检测高一英语试题)Iceland lies across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a dividing line between two of Earth’s crustal(地壳的) plates which are moving apart. That allows hot, liquid rock called magma to well up easily from the depths. Iceland also sits just below the Arctic circle and enjoys glacier-friendly cold temperatures, housing 34 active volcanoes(火山), half buried under ice up to 1 km thick. As the climate warms, these glaciers are melting(融化). Glaciers bear down on the Earth’s crust, squeezing(挤压) the underlying rock and raising its melting point. Remove the ice and the rock bounces back, easing pressure. This lowers the melting point, increasing magma formation, which then erupts as lava. Some predict the glaciers will disappear in two centuries, which could upset the volcanoes below, causing them to erupt more frequently, more wildly or both. Early geological data suggests Iceland now produces two or three times more magma than a century ago. Some volcanoes like Grimsvotn and Bardarbunga have grown more active, while others like Katla have stayed quiet for over a century but may erupt more wildly. History supports this link: some 10, 000 years ago, after thick ice melted away during the last ice age, there were 30 to 50 times more volcanic eruptions in Iceland. This isn’t unique to Iceland — Antarctica, Alaska, and the Andes are similarly affected, with around 250 volcanoes under or near ice. Research published in 2020 suggests that though only 20, 000 people live within 5 km of an affected volcano, 160 million people within 100 km of one face risks like water shortages and mudslides. And people need not live nearby to be affected. When Eyjafjallajokull, a small volcano by Icelandic standards, erupted 15 years ago, it sent into the atmosphere an ash cloud enough to cause six days of air travel problems. In the late 18th century, Laki, another Icelandic volcano, poured out so much sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ash that some historians suggest crop failures precipitated by the resulting drop in temperatures helped lead to the French revolution. 17. What makes magma easy to well up in Iceland? A. Being on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. B. The thick ice covering volcanoes. C. Its location near the Arctic circle. D. The frequent volcanic eruptions. 18. What does the underlined word “precipitated” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Caused. B. Prevented. C. Recorded. D. Discovered. 19. What is the best title of the passage? A. Iceland may experience active volcanoes. B. Global warming may have volcanic results. C. Volcanic eruptions may cause serious problems. D. Glacier melting may lead to land moving quickly. 20. Where is this passage most probably from? A. A natural travel blog. B. A fictional novel. C. A scientific magazine. D. A weather forecast report. 【答案】17. A 18. A 19. B 20. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了冰岛因位于大西洋中脊而地壳活动频繁，同时全球变暖导致冰川融化，进而可能引发更多火山喷发的现象，并指出这一现象不仅限于冰岛，还可能对全球产生广泛影响。 17. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Iceland lies across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a dividing line between two of Earth’s crustal plates which are moving apart. That allows hot, liquid rock called magma to well up easily from the depths.(冰岛横跨大西洋中脊，这是地球地壳两个板块之间的分界线，这两个板块正在分离。这使得被称为岩浆的炽热液态岩石能够轻易地从深处喷涌而出。)”可知，冰岛位于大西洋中脊，这使得岩浆容易喷涌而出。故选A。 18. 词句猜测题。根据上文“In the late 18th century, Laki, another Icelandic volcano, poured out so much sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ash(18世纪末，另一座冰岛火山拉基喷出了大量的二氧化硫和火山灰)”和下文“the resulting drop in temperatures helped lead to the French revolution(温度下降所导致的作物歉收帮助引发了法国大革命)”可知，火山喷发造成气温下降，这导致粮食歉收，从而助推法国大革命。由此可知，precipitated的意思是“导致”。故选A。 19. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“As the climate warms, these glaciers are melting. Glaciers bear down on the Earth’s crust, squeezing the underlying rock and raising its melting point. Remove the ice and the rock bounces back, easing pressure. This lowers the melting point, increasing magma formation, which then erupts as lava.(随着气候变暖，这些冰川正在融化。冰川压在地球地壳上，挤压下面的岩石，提高其熔点。去掉冰层，岩石就会反弹，减轻压力。这会降低熔点，增加岩浆的形成，然后岩浆会以熔岩的形式喷发。)”和最后一段“This isn’t unique to Iceland — Antarctica, Alaska, and the Andes are similarly affected, with around250 volcanoes under or near ice.(这并不是冰岛独有的现象——南极洲、阿拉斯加和安第斯山脉也受到类似影响，冰下或冰附近有大约250座火山。)”可知，本文主要讨论的是全球变暖可能会产生火山后果。故选B。 20. 推理判断题。文章主要讨论了冰岛因位于大西洋中脊而地壳活动频繁，同时全球变暖导致冰川融化，进而可能引发更多火山喷发的现象，并指出这一现象不仅限于冰岛，还可能对全球产生广泛影响，由此可知，这篇文章最可能来自一本科学杂志。故选C。 Passage 6 (2025-2026学年广东茂名市第一学期普通高中期末教学质量监测高一英语试题)November 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day. Tsunamis don’t happen often, but they cause terrible damage. People usually focus on helping victims right after a tsunami, but the long-term economic costs are often forgotten. Poor countries face big problems. They have little money and few people have insurance(保险), so tsunami costs can be much higher than their national savings. This leads to more borrowing, debt and greater weakness. Even when we calculate the average annual loss (AAL) from tsunamis, the costs stay high. Smaller countries and economies suffer more. For example, Polynesia’s AAL is lower than New Zealand’s, but it’s 13 times more costly relative to its GDP. Tsunamis also slow development. Small island nations and poor countries like Somalia, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu lose 0. 4-0. 9% of their GDP yearly due to tsunami risks. Some may even struggle to pay their debts after a big tsunami. Rich countries recover quickly, but poor nations need decades to rebuild. However, we can reduce risks: tsunami-resistant(防海啸) buildings, coastal green areas and early warning systems work well. Yet not enough money is spent on these measures. Investing in risk reduction isn’t an extra cost — it helps with lasting growth. Every dollar spent saves lives, cuts losses and helps poor countries reach their development goals faster. On World Tsunami Awareness Day, let’s remember the value of preventing tsunami risks. 21. What makes tsunami costs worse for poor countries? A. Low insurance coverage. B. Lack of early warnings. C. Slow development speed. D. Simple basic facilities. 22. What can be inferred about small economies? A. They recover faster after tsunamis. B. Tsunamis hit them more frequently. C. They have higher AAL than big ones. D. Their GDP is more affected by tsunamis. 23. Which is an effective risk reduction measure? A. More relief aid. B. Coastal green belts. C. GDP growth promotion. D. Debt reduction policies. 24. What’s the best title for the text? A. Tsunamis: Causes and Destructive Effects B. Tsunamis: Economic Losses Across Countries C. Reducing Tsunami Risk: Value and Measures D. Reducing Tsunami Risk: Global Investment Needs 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了11月5日是世界海啸意识日，指出人们往往忽视了其长期经济成本。文章强调，贫困国家受海啸影响更为严重，此外，文章提到风险降低措施，呼吁在世界海啸意识日重视海啸风险防控。 21. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They have little money and few people have insurance (保险), so tsunami costs can be much higher than their national savings.(他们资金匮乏，且很少有人购买保险，因此海啸造成的损失可能远远高于他们的国家储蓄)”可知，保险覆盖率低使得海啸给贫穷国家带来更严重的损失。故选A项。 22. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Smaller countries and economies suffer more. For example, Polynesia’s AAL is lower than New Zealand’s, but it’s 13 times more costly relative to its GDP.(较小的国家和经济体遭受的损失更大。例如，波利尼西亚的年均损失低于新西兰，但相对于其国内生产总值而言，损失却是新西兰的13倍)”以及第四段“Small island nations and poor countries like Somalia, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu lose 0. 4 - 0. 9% of their GDP yearly due to tsunami risks.(像索马里、东帝汶和瓦努阿图这样的小岛屿国家和贫穷国家，由于海啸风险，每年损失0.4 - 0.9%的国内生产总值)”可知，小经济体的国内生产总值受海啸影响更大。故选D项。 23. 细节理解题。根据第五段“However, we can reduce risks: tsunami-resistant (防海啸) buildings, coastal green areas and early warning systems work well.(然而，我们可以降低风险：防海啸建筑、沿海绿地和早期预警系统效果良好)”可知，沿海绿化带是一种有效的降低风险措施，故选B项。 24. 主旨大意题。文章先介绍了海啸给各国带来的经济影响，强调了减少海啸风险对贫穷国家发展的价值，接着介绍了一些降低风险的措施，C选项“降低海啸风险：价值与措施”能准确概括文章内容，为最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 7 (2025-2026学年广东中山市第一学期期末综合练习题高一英语试题)Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries,researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect(探测) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquakes sensors (感应器) to detect quakes and issue warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which account for 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system. “Although AEA is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes,” says Allen, the leader of the study. Working on the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, AEA system will send two types of alerts(警报) to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” alerts to users. These alerts are designed to draw users’attention immediately and remind them to take protective actions. It also delivers “Be aware” alerts to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these alerts were, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did indeed experience shaking, with 36% receiving the alert before the ground began to move, 28%during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focused on improving the AEA system. “We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts.” says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example,could help the emergency rescue after an earthquake. 25. What is AEA’s advantage over the traditional way? A. It sends earlier warnings. B. It has smarter sensors. C. It detects smaller quakes. D. It requires less funding. 26. What decides the type of alerts? A. Result of the earthquake. B. Location of the earthquake. C. Reason of the earthquake. D. Magnitude of the earthquake. 27. What do Allen’s words mean in paragraph 5? A. Technological advances prevent disasters. B. Researches on earthquakes are in demand. C. The alert system needs further development. D. Quality of rescue tools requires improvement. 28. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a warning system. B. To raise public safety awareness. C. To compare two types of alerts. D. To promote a disaster rescue tool. 【答案】25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述研究人员研发出安卓地震警报系统，依托手机传感器实现地震预警，成本更低，能发送不同等级警报，目前正持续优化且有拓展应用潜力。 25. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which account for 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system.(建立这样的网络成本高昂，许多地震多发地区都没有这样的系统。然而，这些地区拥有的是内置运动传感器的智能手机，研究人员利用占据全球智能手机市场 70% 份额的安卓智能手机，研发出了安卓地震警报系统。)”可知，传统地震预警系统建造成本高，而AEA依托现有智能手机研发，所需资金更少，这是其相较传统方式的优势。故选D项。 26. 细节理解题。根据第三段“For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” alerts to users. It also delivers “Be aware” alerts to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4.(对于4.5级及以上的地震，该系统会向用户发送“采取行动”的警报，同时会向预计将遭遇3级或4级震动的地区发送“提高警惕”的警报。)”可知，系统会根据地震的震级不同，发送不同类型的警报，地震震级决定了警报类型。故选D项。 27. 推理判断题。根据第五段“We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts.(我们认为我们可以继续提升地震探测的质量，同时也可以改进我们发布有效警报的策略。)”可知，Allen表示团队还能继续优化地震探测质量和警报发布策略，由此可推断该预警系统仍需要进一步的研发和完善。故选C项。 28. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts.(基于对 98 个国家数百万部手机开展的一项为期三年的研究，研究人员发现，全球安卓智能手机网络可成为一套实用的地震早期预警系统，该系统能探测到地震，并在震动开始前为用户争取到宝贵的反应时间。)”可知，文章开篇便点明研究成果 —— 安卓智能手机网络可作为实用的地震预警系统，后文围绕该 AEA 系统的研发背景、工作模式、测试效果及优化方向展开，全文核心是介绍这款安卓地震预警系统。故选A项。 Passage 8 (2025-2026学年河北雄安新区上学期期末考试高一英语试题)Being able to find an earthquake before it happens is the goal for earthquake scientists around the world. Now, with cellphone technology and cooperation, that goal is coming true. Sometimes great ideas come from unexpected partnerships. One would not naturally think of Google and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) working together, but they have joined hands to create an earthquake early warning system, as the BBC reports. The cooperation between the tech company and the government organization led to Shake Alert, a phone app that automatically(自动) warns users of coming earthquakes. The app gets information from two sources. The first source is over 700 seismometers(地震仪) — machines that find earth shakes across the U. S. by the USGS. The second uses information from phones. All phones have accelerometers(加速度计), which can feel quickly when the phone moves. These are very susceptible and can work like small earthquake scientists. When the app puts together the information from all users in an area, it can tell when an earthquake is about to happen and send a warning through radio waves. Radio waves are faster than seismic waves. An earthquake warning was sent in California on September 12, 2024 when a 4.7 magnitude(级) shook the LA area. California’s first early warning system in the nation provided advance notice to 425,217 phones. In just three hours after the quake, over 20,000 people got the app. While this early warning system is helpful, it’s not perfect. National Geographic points out that most people only get a few seconds of warning before the quake hits, and those close to the quake’s center get almost no warning at all. Still, having this system is a step forward. Even a few seconds of warning to take shelter during an earthquake can mean the difference between being hurt or safe, alive or dead. Maybe one day, people will get a warning on Monday that an earthquake may hit on Tuesday and thousands of lives could be saved. 29. What can we learn about ShakeAlert from the text? A. It helps warn of earthquakes. B. It takes the place of seismometers. C. It works better than USGS tools. D. It is designed for seismologists. 30. What does the underlined word “susceptible” mean in paragraph 4? A. Sensitive. B. Costly. C. Slow. D. Dangerous. 31. Why is the 2024 California earthquake mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To encourage app downloads. B. To prove the app’s practical use. C. To describe an earthquake’s effect. D. To compare different warning systems. 32. Where is this text most likely taken from? A. A geographic paper. B. A technology news report. C. A mobile phone user guide. D. A government safety notice. 【答案】29. A 30. A 31. B 32. B 【导语】本文为新闻报道，文章介绍了谷歌公司与美国地质调查局合作开发的地震预警系统ShakeAlert。 29. 细节理解题。根据第四段“When the app puts together the information from all users in an area, it can tell when an earthquake is about to happen and send a warning through radio waves. Radio waves are faster than seismic waves.(当该应用程序整合了某一区域所有用户的相关信息后，就能预测出地震即将发生的时间，并通过无线电波发出警报。无线电波的传播速度比地震波快)”可知，ShakeAlert能够预警地震。故选A。 30. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“When the app puts together the information from all users in an area, it can tell when an earthquake is about to happen and send a warning through radio waves. Radio waves are faster than seismic waves.(当该应用程序整合了某一区域所有用户的相关信息后，就能预测出地震即将发生的时间，并通过无线电波发出警报。无线电波的传播速度比地震波快)”可知，手机的加速度计能感知手机的快速移动，且能像小型地震仪一样工作，地震仪需要对震动非常敏感才能准确监测地震相关信息，由此可推测“susceptible”在此处表示“敏感的”。故选 A。 31. 推理判断题。根据第五段“An earthquake warning was sent in California on September 12, 2024 when a 4.7 magnitude (级) shook the LA area. California’s first early warning system in the nation provided advance notice to 425,217 phones. In just three hours after the quake, over 20,000 people got the app.(2024年9月12日，加利福尼亚州发出了地震警报，当时一场4.7级地震袭击了洛杉矶地区。该州是美国首个建立地震预警系统的地区，其预警系统提前向425217部手机发出了通知。地震发生后仅三个小时内，就有超过20000人下载了相关应用程序)”可知，提及2024年加利福尼亚州的那场地震是为了证明该应用程序的实际用途。故选B。 32. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Being able to find an earthquake before it happens is the goal for earthquake scientists around the world. Now, with cellphone technology and cooperation, that goal is coming true.(对于世界各地的地震科学家而言，能够在地震发生前就发现其迹象是他们的目标。如今，借助手机技术以及各方的合作，这一目标正在变为现实)”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍科技公司与政府机构合作开发地震预警应用，内容涉及技术原理、实际案例与媒体评价，具有科技新闻报道的典型特征。故选B。 Passage 9 (2025-2026学年江西上饶市高一上学期期末英语试题)In August 2011, tropical Storm Irene hit New York’s Catskill Mountains hard with 18 inches of rain in hours. Near Arizona Mountain, the soil became so wet and lost its stability, causing a sudden debris(残骸) flow — a destructive mix of big rocks, trees, mud, and water. This 100-foot-wide torrent(急流) destroyed a small bridge and blocked pipes. Today, such “invisible landslides” are growing more and more frequent in the U.S. Northeast, caused by climate change: extreme rainstorms are 60% stronger than in the 1950s. Researchers from Dartmouth College even predict that extreme rain will increase by 52% by the year 2100. “Our landscapes have been stable since the last ice age”, explains Andrew Kozlowski, a geologist from New York State. But climate change is breaking this long-standing balance. Landslides arise from four factors: steep hillsides, loose soil, reduced vegetation (from cutting down trees or wildfires), and heavy rain. In 2024, hurricane Helene caused over 2,000 landslides in North Carolina. In Craigtown, four mudslides(泥流) buried the community, and killed 11 people. High-mountain regions face greater risks: melting frozen soil in places like the Alps and Himalayas is making slopes unstable. A tragic example was a 2025 glacier collapse in Switzerland that destroyed an entire village. The U.S. has no national landslide strategy — Only 44% of the country has been evaluated(评估) for landslide risk, and counties like Greene leave out landslides from disaster plans. Vermont’s Geological Survey is creating a warning system that links rainfall radar data to soil moisture levels, but a lack of money has delayed it. “We need to stop building on steep slopes,” says Benjamin DeJong, Vermont’s state geologist, “and teach communities to evacuate fast.” For Joe Merlino, who lives near the 2011 Shingle Kill slide, the threat still exists. “Every heavy rain, I watch the stream,” he says, “I’m afraid a big rock will crash into my house.” As climate change worsens, experts warn that ignoring landslides won’t make them disappear. It will only make the next disaster more deadly. 33. What directly led to the 2011 debris flow near Arizona Mountain? A. Blocked pipes. B. Melting frozen soil. C. A broken bridge. D. Very wet and unstable soil. 34. What can be inferred about “invisible landslides” in the U. S. Northeast? A. They are now less of a risk. B. They will stop increasing by 2100. C. They only occur after tropical storms. D. They are related closely to climate change. 35. What is a key problem in fighting U. S. landslides? A. Public ignorance about rain dangers. B. Forecasting the weather accurately. C. No national plan and poor risk maps. D. Moving people away from danger quickly. 36. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Invisible Slides: Growing Threats B. Climate Change: Landslide Causes C. Extreme Rains: Mountain Disasters D. Landslide Disasters: Global Warnings 【答案】33. D 34. D 35. C 36. A 【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要探讨了由气候变化引发的“隐性山体滑坡”在美国东北部日益频繁的现象，分析了其成因、危害以及目前应对措施和规划上的不足，并发出警告。 33. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Near Arizona Mountain, the soil became so wet and lost its stability, causing a sudden debris flow — a destructive mix of big rocks, trees, mud, and water. (亚利桑那山附近的土壤变得非常潮湿并失去了稳定性，导致了一场突然的泥石流——一种由大岩石、树木、泥土和水混合而成的破坏性混合物。)”可知，2011年泥石流的直接原因是土壤变得非常潮湿且不稳定。故选D项。 34. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Today, such “invisible landslides” are growing more and more frequent in the U.S. Northeast, caused by climate change: extreme rainstorms are 60% stronger than in the 1950s. (如今，此类“隐性山体滑坡”在美国东北部正变得越来越频繁，这是由气候变化引起的：极端暴雨的强度比20世纪50年代高出了60%。)”可知，文中指出“隐性山体滑坡”日益频繁是由气候变化引起的，由此可知它们与气候变化密切相关。故选D项。 35. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The U.S. has no national landslide strategy — Only 44% of the country has been evaluated for landslide risk, and counties like Greene leave out landslides from disaster plans. (美国没有国家层面的山体滑坡防治战略——全国只有44%的地区进行了山体滑坡风险评估，而像格林尼这样的县则根本没有将山体滑坡纳入灾害计划。)”可知，美国应对山体滑坡的一个关键问题是缺乏全国性的战略，且风险评估覆盖率低。故选C项。 36. 主旨大意题。文章开篇以2011年一次具体的泥石流灾害为例，引出“隐性山体滑坡”这一话题，第二段指出其因气候变化而日益频繁，第三段分析了山体滑坡的成因和危害，第四段揭示了美国在应对此灾害上缺乏全国性战略和有效预警体系的问题，最后以当地居民的担忧和专家警告结尾，强调忽视问题的严重后果。全文围绕“隐性山体滑坡”这一逐渐加剧的威胁展开论述。A选项“隐性的滑坡：日益增长的威胁”能全面概括文章的核心内容，适合用作标题。故选A项。 Passage 10 (2025-2026学年云南昆明市五华区上学期期末高一英语试卷)A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that happens in forests, grasslands, or other wild areas. While it often seems to be dangerous, fire is a natural part of the world. Some plants even need the heat from fires to open their seeds and grow. However, when wildfires burn too large, too hot, or too close to human living places, they become main disasters. Wildfires need three elements to start, known as the “fire triangle”: fuel(燃料), like dry trees,grass, and bushes, oxygen, and a heat source. The heat source can be natural, such as a lightning strike, or human-caused activities, like a campfire left unwatched, broken power lines, or even a cigarette. Dry, hot, and windy weather creates perfect conditions for fires to spread rapidly. These fires destroy large areas of forests and wildlife habitats, bringing terrible damage to nature and human beings. The fires release very large amounts of terrible smoke, causing poor air quality and serious health risks. What’s more, wildfires cause widespread economic loss by destroying homes, buildings and people’s belongings and important systems like roads, bridges and power lines, while also directly threatening human lives and communities. The long-term ecological recovery can take years. Prevention is the most effective tool. This includes creating firebreaks by purposely clearing possible fuel- like dry grass, bushes, and dead wood- from a certain long and narrow piece of land to stop the fire’s spread. Other measures include conducting controlled burns and most importantly, public education. People should be extremely careful with any outdoor fire during dry seasons. Living with wildfire means respecting its power and learning to take care of nature and ourselves. 37. What does the “fire triangle” refer to? A. Heat sources of wildfires. B. Necessary factors of wildfires. C. Damages caused by wildfires. D. Conditions for wildfire spread. 38. What can be inferred about wildfires? A. Their threats to humans are mostly indirect. B. They are mainly caused by human activities. C. Their advantages for plants beat disadvantages. D. They have lasting effects on the ecological system. 39. How can a firebreak be created? A. Removing fuel from a certain area. B. Dealing with any outdoor fire carefully. C. Raising public awareness of prevention. D. Cutting the number of human-caused burns. 40. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Wildfires: Causes and Effects B. Prevention: The Solution to Wildfires C. Disasters: A Natural Part of the World D. Wildfires: Nature’s Force and Human Reaction 【答案】37. B 38. D 39. A 40. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍野火的属性、形成三要素、带来的危害以及人类对应的预防措施和应对态度。 37. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wildfires need three elements to start, known as the “fire triangle”: fuel (燃料), like dry trees,grass, and bushes, oxygen, and a heat source.(野火的发生需要三个要素，被称为“火三角”：燃料，如干枯的树木、草和灌木，氧气，以及热源。)”可知，“火三角”指的是野火发生所需要的三个必要要素。故选B项。 38. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The long-term ecological recovery can take years.(长期的生态恢复可能需要数年时间。)”可知，野火会让生态系统的恢复耗费数年，由此可推断，野火对生态系统有着持久的影响。故选D项。 39. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This includes creating firebreaks by purposely clearing possible fuel- like dry grass, bushes, and dead wood- from a certain long and narrow piece of land to stop the fire’s spread.(这包括通过有意从某一狭长地带清除可能的燃料，如干草、灌木和枯木，来设置防火带，以阻止火势蔓延。)”可知，设置防火带的方式是从特定区域清除燃料。故选A项。 40. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章先介绍了野火是自然的一部分，接着讲了野火形成的要素、带来的各类危害，最后阐述了人类的预防措施和与野火共处的态度，既介绍了野火这一自然力量，也讲述了人类的应对方式，所以“野火：自然的力量与人类的反应”最能概括全文，适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。 Passage 11 (2025-2026学年贵州省安顺市高一第一学期期末教学质量检测英语试题)The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates. In these locations, daily life is shaped by the need to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. From burning deserts to ice-bound settlements, nature never fails to impress with its power and diversity. Deep in the Sahara Desert lies Araouane, Mali, among the hottest places on the planet. Summers are extremely long and tough — average temperatures can hit 46℃. Strong winds regularly move across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms. Even with such intense summer heat, the winter season offers much milder weather that is ideal for outdoor activities. At the other extreme is Oymyakon, Russia, considered one of the coldest inhabited areas in the world. Winter temperatures usually stay around -50℃, and the lowest ever recorded was -71.2℃ in 1924. In the depth of winter, daylight lasts for only three hours each day. Because the ground is icy all year, local people have developed a diet that includes raw fish. Yet in summer, the weather turns surprisingly warm and wet—the summer temperatures can get up to 34℃. Not far away from Oymyakon lies Verkhoyansk, referred to as the “cold pole”. It holds the record for the largest annual temperature range on Earth-an astonishing 106℃. Winters are bitterly cold and extended — temperatures in January can reach as low as -70℃, while summers can reach 38℃. This area also offers the unique experience of polar days and polar nights. Closer to us, Xining in China is known for its sharp daily temperature changes, particularly in April. A warm afternoon might see temperatures around 24℃, perfect for light clothing, but by nightfall, it can drop to near 0℃, making heavy coats necessary. This quick change allows people to live through two different seasons in just one day. 41. What problem do strong winds bring to Araouane, Mali? A. They make winter weather much colder. B. They cause frequent sandstorms on the dry land. C. They lead to extremely high summer temperatures. D. They destroy the outdoor activity areas in winter. 42. Why do local people in Oymyakon eat raw fish? A. Because raw fish is delicious and popular. B. Because the daylight lasts for only three hours each day. C. Because it is a traditional food in their culture. D. Because the ground is frozen throughout the year. 43. What can we infer from the text about Xining in April? A. The lowest temperature. B. Light clothing to wear. C. Light and heavy clothing to prepare. D. Small temperature difference. 44. Which is the best title for the text? A. Places with Extraordinary and Extreme Climates. B. People’s Adaption to Extreme Climates. C. The Hottest and Coldest Places on Earth. D. Temperature Changes Around the World. 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍地球上多处有着极端且奇特气候的地方，讲述各地区的气候特征及当地人们的适应方式，展现自然的力量与多样性。 41. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Strong winds regularly move across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms.(强风经常掠过这片干旱的土地，引发多次沙尘暴。)”可知，强风给马里的阿拉万带来的问题是在干旱的土地上引发频繁的沙尘暴。故选B项。 42. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Because the ground is icy all year, local people have developed a diet that includes raw fish.(因为这里的土地终年冰封，当地人形成了吃生鱼的饮食习惯。)”可知，奥伊米亚康的当地人吃生鱼是因为这里的土地全年都被冻住了。故选D项。 43. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“A warm afternoon might see temperatures around 24℃, perfect for light clothing, but by nightfall, it can drop to near 0℃, making heavy coats necessary.(温暖的下午气温可能在24℃左右，适合穿轻便的衣服，但到了黄昏，气温会降到接近0℃，必须穿上厚外套。)”可知，四月的西宁午后适合穿轻便衣物，夜晚则需要厚外套，由此可推断人们需要准备薄厚两种衣物。故选C项。 44. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates.(地球上有许多地方有着奇特且往往极端的气候。)”以及后文依次介绍的马里阿拉万、俄罗斯奥伊米亚康、维尔霍扬斯克和中国西宁这些气候极端的地区可知，文章核心就是介绍地球上有着奇特和极端气候的地方，因此“气候极端且独特的地区”适合作为本文标题。故选A项。 Passage 12 (2025-2026学年重庆市九龙坡区重庆外国语学校高一上1月测试英语试题)We were halfway through our cyclone preparation. This is the fourth natural disaster I’ve experienced in the last eight years. One-in-100-year floods (2017), serious bushfires (2019), one-in-1,000-year floods (2022) and now Cyclone Alfred. Cyclones are a new threat. I’ve lived in my homeplace, in northern New South Wales, for almost 50 years and we’ve never had a cyclone cross land in our area. We were in uncharted waters. I live in a forest my parents planted. The house is surrounded by trees. Usually, this is a good thing, but as the wind began to pick up, it was hard not to be frightened. As I was busy in trying to get things in order, I happened to see a baby bird, feathered, but not yet flying. It was tiny, and bright green. I’d never seen the like. I captured it, put it in a box and called our local wildlife hotline. The woman I spoke to agreed to meet me at a designated(指定的) handover spot. I jumped in the car and drove. We parked back to back, with the wind blowing wildly all around us, and I got out to hand her the box. “I’d love to chat,” she said, taking the box, “but I better get back.” I nodded. The rain was beginning to spin around us. When I was back at home, the sound of the wind was rising. My son, who lives in the next big town, invited me to his home. At my son’s house, the waiting began. Alfred didn’t cross land until Saturday morning. The night of the crossing was wild and it was strange to be so far from the trees. Were they upturned in the night? But the forest still stood. The power had gone out days before. We’d already lost all the food in our fridge. With no power, we had no water, which made life difficult. The long wait for power restoration began. Longer, it seemed, than the wait for Alfred. We are very tired. At home, I checked my landline. There was a message from the wildlife carers saying my baby bird was a rose-crowned fruit dove, quite rare. It would be raised to adulthood and set free. I could feel my heartbeat in my chest. One tiny, wild life. Four natural disasters in eight years. What is this new world my grandbabies are inheriting? We knew it was coming, but it’s already here. 45. What does the underlined phrase “in uncharted waters” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. In a dangerous condition. B. In an unfamiliar situation. C. In a place without maps. D. In a geographically remote area. 46. Why did the author meet the woman in the rain? A. To deliver a baby bird for its safety. B. To seek shelter from the cyclone. C. To make wildlife protection plans. D. To seek advice on handling the cyclone. 47. What troubled the author after the cyclone? A. The destroyed house. B. The loss of trees. C. The safety of the bird. D. The power failure. 48. What does the message in the last paragraph imply? A. Disastrous events are growing. B. The world is changing too fast. C. Future generations are at a loss. D. Human strength can overcome difficulties. 【答案】45. B 46. A 47. D 48. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在准备应对飓风阿尔弗雷德时，救助一只稀有幼鸟并反思自然灾害频发的经历，突出了气候变化带来的未知威胁和对后代的担忧。 45. 词句猜测题。根据画线短语的上文“I’ve lived in my homeplace, in northern New South Wales, for almost 50 years and we’ve never had a cyclone cross land in our area. (我在新南威尔士州北部的家乡生活了近50年，我们地区从未有过飓风登陆。)”可知，作者强调生活50年从未经历飓风，因此飓风对他们来说是全新的、不熟悉的威胁，画线短语意思应该是“处于不熟悉的情境中”。故选B项。 46. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I captured it, put it in a box and called our local wildlife hotline. The woman I spoke to agreed to meet me at a designated (指定的) handover spot. I jumped in the car and drove. We parked back to back, with the wind blowing wildly all around us, and I got out to hand her the box. (我把它装进一个盒子里，然后拨打了我们当地的野生动物救助热线。与我通话的那位女士同意在指定的交接地点与我碰面。我坐进车里，开车前往。我们背靠背停好车，四周狂风肆虐，我下车把盒子递给了她。)”可知，作者发现一只幼鸟后，联系野生动物热线并到约定地点向那位女士交付幼鸟，目的是确保其安全。故选A项。 47. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The power had gone out days before. We’d already lost all the food in our fridge. With no power, we had no water, which made life difficult. The long wait for power restoration began. Longer, it seemed, than the wait for Alfred. (几天前电力就已经中断了。我们冰箱里的食物已经全部坏掉。由于没有电力供应，我们也没有水了，这使得生活变得十分艰难。漫长的电力恢复等待开始了，似乎比等待阿尔弗雷德到来还要漫长。)”可知，飓风结束后，停电是作者的主要困扰。故选D项。 48. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Four natural disasters in eight years. What is this new world my grandbabies are inheriting? We knew it was coming, but it’s already here. (八年内经历了四次自然灾害。我的孙辈们将继承一个怎样的新世界？我们知道它会来，但它已经在这里了。)”可知，作者反思八年内经历四次自然灾害，并担忧孙辈的未来世界，暗示灾难性事件在增加。故选A项。 Passage 13 (2025-2026学年广东省广州市从化区高一上学期期末英语试题)Tsunamis are huge waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. They can travel as fast as a jet plane (644 km/h) across the ocean, but you can hardly see them in deep water. This made it hard for scientists to warn people in time, until NASA created a disaster alert system called Guardian. In July 2025, a strong earthquake hit near Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula. Minutes later, alarms rang across the Pacific, and millions were ordered to leave their homes. What made this event historic was Guardian’s response: Using artificial intelligence and satellite signals, it detected(测出) the tsunami just 20 minutes after the quake, warning Hawaii 30-40 minutes before waves arrived. Though the 1.7-meter waves caused only minor flooding, the system proved its value. How does Guardian work? When a tsunami moves large amounts of water up and down, it disturbs the air high above Earth. This air layer, called the ionosphere(电离层), has tiny charged particles(微粒). The disturbance changes the number of these particles, which slows down signals from navigation satellites. By measuring the slowdown, Guardian spots tsunamis in near real time. Guardian is better than old tools. It not only gives more complete and faster information, but also helps detect volcanoes and nuclear tests. But it’s not perfect. If a tsunami starts close to a coast, Guardian can’t warn people fast enough. For communities near the center of quake, the ionosphere’s 10-to-30-minute response(反应) time is too slow. But for distant areas, like those hit by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that killed 228,000 people, Guardian could save countless lives. As Europe develops its own similar system and Guardian gets upgraded to predict wave size and landfall time, the future of tsunami warning looks brighter. This breakthrough reminds us that innovation often comes from thinking beyond old tools, turning changes of satellite signals into a lifeline for coastal people. 49. Why was the 2025 tsunami special? A. It spread throughout the Pacific Ocean. B. Many people had to leave their homes. C. It was caused by a powerful earthquake. D. Early warnings were sent before it arrived. 50. How does Guardian detect tsunamis? A. By making use of traditional ocean tools. B. By counting the number of charged particles. C. By observing the size of waves in deep water. D. By measuring the slowdown of satellite signals. 51. In what situation can Guardian be more effective to save lives? A. When a tsunami spreads fast. B. When a tsunami is huge enough. C. When a tsunami hits the distant areas. D. When a tsunami starts all of a sudden. 52. What will Guardian probably do in the future? A. It will be equipped with new satellites. B. It will be replaced by new warning systems. C. It will be improved to carry out more tasks. D. It will prevent tsunamis from getting serious. 【答案】49. D 50. D 51. C 52. C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍美国宇航局研发的海啸预警系统Guardian，讲述其2025年的应用实例、工作原理、相较于传统工具的优势与不足，以及未来的升级方向。 49. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What made this event historic was Guardian’s response: Using artificial intelligence and satellite signals, it detected (测出) the tsunami just 20 minutes after the quake, warning Hawaii 30-40 minutes before waves arrived.(让这一事件具有历史意义的是Guardian系统的反应：它利用人工智能和卫星信号，在地震发生仅20分钟后就探测到了海啸，在海浪抵达前30到40分钟向夏威夷发出了预警。)”可知，2025年的这场海啸的特别之处在于系统在海啸抵达前发出了早期预警。故选D项。 50. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The disturbance changes the number of these particles, which slows down signals from navigation satellites. By measuring the slowdown, Guardian spots tsunamis in near real time.(这种扰动会改变这些微粒的数量，从而减慢导航卫星的信号传输速度。Guardian通过测量信号的延迟，几乎能实时发现海啸。)”可知，Guardian通过测量卫星信号的延迟来探测海啸。故选D项。 51. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But for distant areas, like those hit by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that killed 228,000 people, Guardian could save countless lives.(但对于偏远地区，比如遭遇2004年印度洋海啸、造成22.8万人遇难的那些地区，Guardian能够拯救无数生命。)”可知，当海啸袭击偏远地区时，Guardian拯救生命的效果会更显著。故选C项。 52. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“As Europe develops its own similar system and Guardian gets upgraded to predict wave size and landfall time, the future of tsunami warning looks brighter.(随着欧洲研发出自己的同类系统，且Guardian将进行升级，以预测海浪规模和登陆时间，海啸预警的未来前景变得更加光明。)”可知，Guardian未来可能会被改进，以执行更多的任务。故选C项。 Passage 14 (2025-2026学年贵州省贵阳市普通中学第一学期期末监测高一英语试卷)“To me, it’s family. We are alive — that’s it,” Otoniel Gomez, a 67-year-old father, told NBC reporters. A fire broke out on the first floor of a California home in the middle of the night. Captain Scan Doran of the Orange County Fire Authority explained what happened. He said that a woman first smelled smoke, and then woke up her husband, Gomez, who tried to open their door but couldn’t get out because of heavy smoke and heat. So he jumped from their bedroom window and then quickly found a ladder(梯子). “The father, on the ladder, pounded(猛敲) on his son’s bedroom window, trying to wake him — but the boy was still fast asleep.” Doran noted. “With forced calm, he says, ‘Open the window. We’re going to have to jump. We’re going to get you out of here,’ over and over again.” With the window finally open, Gomez quickly guided his son down to safety. They successfully got out just moments before the fire completely burned down the house. The family praised Gomez for saving them from the burning house. His eldest daughter, Amina, called him a hero. She said, “Growing up, I never saw him panic. I never saw him stressed out. Even when things went wrong, he would always wear a smile.” She added, “as a child, I never felt uncertain or scared because of him.” After the fire, Daisy Valdivia, one of Gomez’s kids, has started a GoFundMe(众筹) to help the family as they’ve lost everything in the fire. “My dad is facing one of the most difficult times of his life,” she wrote. “He is currently homeless, trying to care for his young child who is still in elementary school.” 53. What did Otoniel Gomez do first when he knew the fire? A. He woke up his son. B. He looked for a ladder. C. He tried to open the door. D. He jumped out of the window. 54. What does Amina think of her father? A. Strict and caring. B. Calm and positive. C. Wise and understanding. D. Brave and humorous. 55. How did Daisy Valdivia try to help her family after the fire? A. She asked the fire station for help. B. She took her brother to live with her. C. She tried to raise money for the family. D. She bought a new house for the family. 56. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Hero Father B. Rebuilding Family Ties C. A Burning House D. Seeking a Home Together 【答案】53. C 54. B 55. C 56. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位67岁的父亲Otoniel Gomez在加州家中深夜发生火灾时，冷静地带领家人安全逃生的故事，展现了他在危急时刻的勇敢和镇定。 53. 细节理解题。根据第二段“He said that a woman first smelled smoke, and then woke up her husband, Gomez, who tried to open their door but couldn’t get out because of heavy smoke and heat.(他说，一名女子首先闻到了烟味，然后叫醒了丈夫Gomez。Gomez试图打开门，但由于浓烟和高温，无法出去)”可知，当Otoniel Gomez知道火灾发生时，他首先试图打开门。故选C项。 54. 推理判断题。根据第四段“His eldest daughter, Amina, called him a hero. She said, “Growing up, I never saw him panic. I never saw him stressed out. Even when things went wrong, he would always wear a smile.”(他的大女儿Amina称他为英雄。她说：“在我的成长过程中，我从未见过他惊慌失措。我从未见过他压力过大。即使事情出了问题，他也总是面带微笑。”)”可知，Amina认为她的父亲冷静且积极乐观。故选B项。 55. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“After the fire, Daisy Valdivia, one of Gomez’s kids, has started a GoFundMe (众筹) to help the family as they’ve lost everything in the fire.(火灾发生后，Gomez的孩子之一Daisy Valdivia发起了一项众筹活动，以帮助这个家庭，因为他们在火灾中失去了一切)”可知，火灾后，Daisy Valdivia试图为家人筹集资金。故选C项。 56. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文章开头引用Otoniel Gomez的话“To me, it’s family. We are alive — that’s it (对我来说，是家人。我们还活着——这就够了)”奠定家庭与生命至上的基调。主体部分详细描述了他如何在火灾中“tried to open their door (试图开门)”，然后跳窗找到梯子，并“pounded (猛敲) on his son’s bedroom window (猛敲儿子的卧室窗户)”冷静引导他逃生，最终“successfully got out just moments before the fire completely burned down the house (在房屋被完全烧毁前成功逃出)”。后续段落通过女儿的赞美“called him a hero (称他为英雄)”和灾后行动，进一步强化其英雄形象。因此，文章最合适的标题应突出这位英雄父亲。A项“A Hero Father (一位英雄父亲)”准确地概括了这一核心，适合作文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 15 (2025-2026学年福建省漳州市芗城中学高一上学期1月月考英语试题)Natural disasters are nature’s anger, which can upset even the most developed countries and make them into ruins. There is nothing we can do to stop such disasters happening. In that case it is quite possible that we are all short of electricity, water, food, etc. The basic necessities to be stored for times of disasters are explained below. Drinking water is a must for any human to survive. It has to be stored based on the number of people in the household. A normal human would consume a gallon of water a day. Food is an important requirement. Especially in times of disasters, our bodies would be weak. Rich food is very important in such times of danger. Food like dry fruits would be ideal as they last long and give us energy. A First Aid Kit and basic medicines are a must and do remember to store some of them. Certain basic things such as scissors and soaps would be handy. It is a good idea to have a radio to be updated with the ongoing news. An Earthquake preparedness Kit would be of great help in fighting against an earthquake in the places where earthquakes take place very often. However, this can happen anywhere in the world so it is a must and should be well equipped in advance. There are wind storms that can leave behind a trail of destruction. The US has suffered from many tornadoes Taking steps in advance to handle such unforeseen circumstances(情况) is a must. It is a good idea to plan an ideal place which would be helpful in protecting you and your family from the storm. Floods and other natural disasters probably happen unexpectedly someday, so we need to make preparations for them. Do take steps in advance. Being well prepared is the only way that would help us recover from such disasters. 57. From the first paragraph we can learn that natural disasters ________. A. can’t be prevented by man B. can be controlled by humans C. can take place more often D. will ruin the earth someday 58. Which kind of food is most suitable for storing according to the author? A. Meat and fish. B. Some dry fruits. C. Cakes and bread. D. Apples and pears. 59. What is the good way to deal with tornadoes according to the author? A. Staying outside of your house with your family. B. Planning a safe place for all your family to stay at. C. Storing enough water for you and your family. D. Preparing an Earthquake preparedness Kit earlier. 60. In this passage the author mainly tells readers to ________. A. fight against natural disasters with their family bravely B. keep calm in the circumstances of natural disasters C. prepare necessities for natural disasters ahead of time D. take steps to reduce the damage of natural disasters 【答案】57. A 58. B 59. B 60. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了自然灾害的不可预测性和破坏性，强调了提前准备应对自然灾害的重要性，并详细介绍了在灾害发生前应储备的基本必需品。 57. 细节理解题。根据第一段“There is nothing we can do to stop such disasters happening. (我们无法阻止此类灾害的发生。)”可知，自然灾害无法被人类阻止。故选A。 58. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Food like dry fruits would be ideal as they last long and give us energy. (像干果这样的食物是理想的，因为它们能保存很久并给我们提供能量。)”可知，作者认为干果最适合储存。故选B。 59. 细节理解题。根据第三段“It is a good idea to plan an ideal place which would be helpful in protecting you and your family from the storm. (计划一个理想的地方来保护你和你的家人免受风暴的伤害是个好主意。)”可知，作者认为应对龙卷风的好方法是规划一个安全的地方供家人躲避。故选B。 60. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段“Do take steps in advance. Being well prepared is the only way that would help us recover from such disasters. (一定要提前采取措施。做好充分准备是帮助我们从这些灾害中恢复过来的唯一方法。)”可知，作者主要告诉读者要提前为自然灾害准备必需品。选项C“提前为自然灾害准备必需品”符合题意。故选C。 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年河南洛阳市第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit(急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle(哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A. There are things you can prepare for your phone. B. Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C. In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D. These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E. Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F. If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G. They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. C 4. G 5. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍灾难生存方法：提前准备应急物品，灾难中保持冷静、正确求救，灾后不贸然返回危险建筑。做好准备、保持冷静、遵守规则，就能保护自己并减少灾害损失。 1. 根据上文“Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules.(灾难随时都可能降临。如果你掌握了正确的生存技能并且保持冷静，就能在生死之间产生重大影响。生存需要冷静、敏捷的思维、周全的准备以及遵循基本的安全规则)”可知，前一句提到生存需要冷静、快速反应、准备、遵守规则。D选项“这些能极大帮你平安度过灾难”承接上文总结作用，符合语境，故选D。 2. 根据上文“Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger.(然后，准备一个应急包，里面应包含诸如瓶装水、罐装食品、带有备用电池的手电筒、基本的急救包、用于呼救的哨子以及手机充电器等必需物品)”可知，前一句讲准备急救箱里的物品。E选项“放在易取处，每6个月更新” 是对急救箱的补充说明，符合语境，故选E。 3. 根据后文“Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired.(在灾难中，恐惧是你的最大敌人。它会让你失去判断力，做出危险的行为。如果你被困住，应使用哨子或手电筒发出求救信号，而不要大声呼喊，因为那样只会浪费你的体力，让你更加疲惫)”可知，本段核心是恐惧是最大敌人，要冷静、不浪费体力。C选项“灾难中保持冷静最重要”作为段落主题句，符合语境，故选C。 4. 根据上文“After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away.(灾难结束，一切似乎都恢复平静之后，不要急于立刻返回那些受损的建筑物那里)”可知，前一句提到不要立刻回到受损建筑。G选项“它们可能突然倒塌或有隐患，造成更多事故”解释为什么不能回去，符合语境，故选G。 5. 根据上文“By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.(做好充分准备并清楚该怎么做，就能保护好自己以及所爱的人)”可知，前一句提到你可以保护自己和家人。B选项“此外，你还能帮助减少灾难带来的伤害” 承接并升华意义，符合语境，故选B。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年广东惠州市第一学期期末考试高一英语试题) How to Survive a High-Rise Fire Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue. 6 An unexpected fire alarm will be scary, but panicking won’t help. Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. 7 If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit. Be sure to close all the doors behind you, so you don’t give the fire more oxygen to keep burning. 8 Smoke inhalation(吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl(匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter(过滤) out the smoke as you breathe. If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door. 9 Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building. 10 But don’t break it, and don’t jump. You’ll likely have better chances of survival waiting calmly inside for help to arrive. A. Then feel the door to your unit. B. You can open the window wide and ask for help. C. Run as fast as possible while passing through smoke. D. Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible. E. And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death. F. And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out. G. You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window. 【答案】6. E 7. A 8. D 9. F 10. G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍高层火灾自救方法：被困后保持冷静，摸门温判断是否逃生并随手关门，防烟匍匐捂口鼻，无法逃生则堵门阻烟，报警报位置并挂布求救，切勿砸窗跳楼。 6. 前文“Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue.( 在高层建筑中营救被困在高层的人员对消防部门来说是一项挑战，因为消防车的云梯最大只能伸展到 33 米的高度。如果被困，你需要等待一段时间才能得到救援。)”提到高层火灾中消防车云梯有限，被困后需等待救援，空白处衔接等待救援的这段时间的重要性。E项“And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death.( 而你在这段时间的所作所为可能关乎生死。)”，承接“等待救援”的语境，突出后续自救方法的必要性，承上启下逻辑紧密。故选E项。 7. 前文“Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. (保持冷静，试着找出火灾发生的地点。)”说要冷静判断火灾位置，后文“If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit.( 如果门是凉的，你应该能够前往最近的出口离开。)”提到“如果门是凉的，就可以前往最近的出口”，空白处需填判断门温的动作。A 项“Then feel the door to your unit.( 然后摸一下你房间的门。)”，衔接“判断火灾位置”的动作，且与后文“门凉则可离开”的场景直接呼应，是火灾自救的常规操作。故选A项。 8. 后文“Smoke inhalation (吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl (匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter (过滤) out the smoke as you breathe.( 吸入烟雾是火灾中导致死亡的主要原因。如果你必须穿过烟雾，一定要趴在地上爬行，并用衬衫捂住口鼻，以便在呼吸时过滤掉烟雾。)”核心讲“烟雾吸入是火灾致死的主要原因”，并给出匍匐前行、捂住口鼻的防烟方法，空白处需为该段主旨句。D项“Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible.( 尽量避免吸入烟雾。)”，精准概括本段核心——防烟自救，引出后文具体的防烟措施，贴合段落主旨。故选D项。 9. 前文“If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’ re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door.( 如果离开你的公寓太危险了，你仍然需要保护自己不让烟雾进入。找到一个可以关闭门的地方。)”说若无法离开公寓，需找能关门的区域阻挡烟雾进入，空白处需填具体的阻烟方法。F项“And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out.( 并在门下放湿毛巾或布来阻挡烟雾进入.)”，是关门后阻烟的经典自救动作，承接前文“防烟”的核心需求，细节匹配。故选F项。 10. 前文“Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building.( 一旦完成了上述操作，您就应该拨打消防部门的电话，并准确告知所在建筑物的具体位置。)”说要拨打消防电话报告具体位置，后文“But don’t break it, and don’t jump.( 但请不要破坏它，也不要跳下去。)”提到“但不要砸窗、不要跳楼，留在室内等待救援”，空白处需填合理的求救方式。G项“You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window.( 你还可以通过从窗户悬挂一块浅色的布发求救信号。)”是无接触、安全的视觉求救方式 ，与“报告位置”的求救行为形成并列补充，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年山东省济南市济南名校联考高一上学期1月月考英语试题)Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural disasters, often striking without warning and causing great damage. Understanding what to do during and after an earthquake can save lives. 11 If you are indoors when an earthquake hits, the first rule is to stay calm. Rushing outside in panic(惊慌地) can lead to injuries from falling objects. Instead, hide under a table or desk, holding on to one leg to stay balanced as the ground shakes. Avoid standing near windows, mirrors, or heavy furniture that could fall over. Once the shaking stops, check the environment around you before moving. Check for any immediate dangers, such as gas leaks(泄漏), or broken electrical wires, or structural damage. 12 If you smell gas, turn off the gas supply right away and open windows. For electrical issues, turn off the main power to prevent fires. If you are trapped under objects after an earthquake, saving energy is key. 13 Shout only when you hear rescuers nearby — non-stop shouting can waste energy and leave you very tired. Instead, tap on a pipe or wall with a hard object to let others know your location. This method is more useful and helps you use less energy, increasing your chances of being found. After an earthquake, communities often face long-term challenges, including homelessness, shortage of clean water, and the spread of disease. 14 Local governments and aid organizations set up shelters, give out food and water, and provide medical care to those in need. However, recovery takes time, and people can help by donating supplies or volunteering. By learning about earthquake safety measures and preparing an emergency kit in advance, you can protect yourself and your family when disaster strikes. 15 A. These problems require common efforts to solve. B. Every second matters in such a dangerous situation. C. Try to stay as quiet as possible to save your strength. D. Do not use elevators, as they may stop during the quake. E. Knowing what to do during the quake itself is important. F. Preparation is the best way to face such unexpected disasters. G. Never light a match or use a candle to check for any damage. 【答案】11. E 12. G 13. C 14. A 15. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震发生时和发生后的应对措施，强调了提前准备和了解安全知识的重要性。 11. 上文“Understanding what to do during and after an earthquake can save lives. (了解地震期间和之后该做什么可以挽救生命。)”说明了了解地震应对措施的重要性。下文“If you are indoors when an earthquake hits, the first rule is to stay calm. (如果地震发生时你在室内，第一条规则是保持冷静。)”开始具体介绍地震发生时的应对措施。由此可知，空格处应起到承上启下的作用，强调了解地震期间该做什么的重要性。E项“Knowing what to do during the quake itself is important. (知道地震期间该做什么很重要。)”符合语境。故选E。 12. 上文“Once the shaking stops, check the environment around you before moving. Check for any immediate dangers, such as gas leaks (泄漏), or broken electrical wires, or structural damage. (一旦震动停止，在移动前检查你周围的环境。检查是否有任何直接的危险，如煤气泄漏、电线断裂或结构损坏。)”介绍了地震停止后应检查周围环境，注意煤气泄漏、电线断裂等危险。下文“If you smell gas, turn off the gas supply right away and open windows. For electrical issues, turn off the main power to prevent fires. (如果你闻到煤气味，立即关闭煤气供应并打开窗户。对于电气问题，关闭总电源以防止火灾。)”具体说明了应对煤气泄漏和电气问题的措施。由此可知，空格处应进一步说明在检查过程中应注意的事项，特别是与火源相关的安全措施。G项“Never light a match or use a candle to check for any damage. (切勿点燃火柴或使用蜡烛检查任何损坏。)”符合语境。故选G。 13. 上文“If you are trapped under objects after an earthquake, saving energy is key. (如果你在地震后被困在物体下面，节省能量是关键。)”说明了被困时节省能量的重要性。下文“Shout only when you hear rescuers nearby — non-stop shouting can waste energy and leave you very tired. Instead, tap on a pipe or wall with a hard object to let others know your location. (只有当你听到救援人员就在附近时才喊叫——不停地喊叫会浪费能量，让你非常疲惫。相反，用硬物敲击管道或墙壁，让别人知道你的位置。)”具体说明了如何节省能量，即只在必要时喊叫，用敲击代替喊叫。由此可知，空格处应进一步强调保持安静以节省能量的重要性。C项“Try to stay as quiet as possible to save your strength. (尽量保持安静以节省体力。)”符合语境。故选C。 14. 上文“After an earthquake, communities often face long-term challenges, including homelessness, shortage of clean water, and the spread of disease. (地震后，社区经常面临长期挑战，包括无家可归、清洁水短缺和疾病传播。)”介绍了地震后社区面临的长期挑战。下文“Local governments and aid organizations set up shelters, give out food and water, and provide medical care to those in need. However, recovery takes time, and people can help by donating supplies or volunteering. (当地政府和援助组织设立避难所，分发食物和水，并向有需要的人提供医疗护理。然而，恢复需要时间，人们可以通过捐赠物资或志愿服务来提供帮助。)”说明了应对这些挑战的措施，包括政府和援助组织的行动以及个人的帮助。由此可知，空格处应强调解决这些问题需要共同努力。A项“These problems require common efforts to solve. (这些问题需要共同努力来解决。)”符合语境。故选A。 15. 上文“By learning about earthquake safety measures and preparing an emergency kit in advance, you can protect yourself and your family when disaster strikes. (通过了解地震安全措施并提前准备应急包，你可以在灾难发生时保护自己和家人。)”强调了提前准备和了解安全知识的重要性。由此可知，空格处应进一步强调准备的重要性，作为文章的结尾，总结全文。F项“Preparation is the best way to face such unexpected disasters. (准备是面对这种意外灾难的最佳方式。)”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第一中学校高一上期期末考试英语试题) Some True Recovery After Disasters When a disaster strikes, the immediate focus is on search and rescue and delivering urgent supplies to those in need. What is often overlooked is the long shadow cast on a community’s collective psyche — the hidden pain that lasts far longer than severely broken buildings and collapsed roads. 16 True recovery is not just about rebuilding what was lost, but about healing what cannot be seen. Many people believe that aid work ends when the last supply truck departs and temporary shelters are closed. 17 In reality, the most critical phase begins when the world’s attention moves on: helping survivors rebuild identity, restore trust in failed systems, and prepare for future crises without helplessness. A core principle of ethical aid is that survivors must be the solution’s center, not passive receivers of charity. 18 Too often, external groups arrive with pre-packaged plans ignoring local traditions or unique community needs. True empowerment means listening first, then acting with, not for, the community. 19 Disasters expose deep inequalities: disadvantaged groups are hardest hit and last to get aid, though they bear least responsibility for disasters’ root causes. Recovery ignoring these inequalities keeps harmful systems in place that deepen suffering. Of course, equal recovery faces tough challenges. 20 Governments put economic growth before schools and hospitals; international aid often ties to political agendas. Yet community-led recovery creates sustainable, resilient solutions that stand the test of time. A. Weak groups need rights and resources they never had. B. Homes built and people fed are poor standards for true recovery. C. Respect local expertise and let communities lead their own decisions. D. Systemic barriers are the biggest problem for recovery, not disaster damage. E. Beyond destruction, disasters reveal some unpleasant truths about modern societies. F. This narrow view ignores the long-term work of healing and empowerment for survivors. G. These hidden pains can slow down the whole community’s recovery for many long years. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. C 19. E 20. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了灾后真正恢复不仅要重建物质损失，还要关注社区心理创伤的治愈、弱势群体的权益以及社区主导的恢复策略。 16. 由上文“What is often overlooked is the long shadow cast on a community’s collective psyche — the hidden pain that lasts far longer than severely broken buildings and collapsed roads. (人们常常忽视的是，灾难给一个社区的集体心理投下了长长的阴影——这种隐藏的痛苦持续的时间比严重破损的建筑和坍塌的道路要长得多。)”及下文“True recovery is not just about rebuilding what was lost, but about healing what cannot be seen. (真正的恢复不仅仅是重建失去的东西，而是治愈那些看不见的东西。)”可知，上文提到灾难给社区集体心理带来的隐藏痛苦持续时间长，下文指出真正恢复要治愈看不见的东西，本空应说明这些隐藏痛苦对社区恢复的影响，G选项“These hidden pains can slow down the whole community’s recovery for many long years. (这些隐藏的痛苦可能会使整个社区的恢复速度减缓多年。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 17. 由上文“Many people believe that aid work ends when the last supply truck departs and temporary shelters are closed. (许多人认为，当最后一辆补给卡车离开，临时避难所关闭时，援助工作就结束了。)”及下文“In reality, the most critical phase begins when the world’s attention moves on: helping survivors rebuild identity, restore trust in failed systems, and prepare for future crises without helplessness. (事实上，当世界的注意力转移时，最关键的阶段就开始了：帮助幸存者重建身份，恢复对失败系统的信任，为未来的危机做好准备，而不是感到无助。)”可知，上文说明很多人对援助工作结束时间的错误看法，下文指出真正的关键阶段是后续对幸存者的帮助，本空应说明这种错误看法的问题，F选项“This narrow view ignores the long-term work of healing and empowerment for survivors. (这种狭隘的观点忽视了幸存者康复和赋权的长期工作。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 18. 由上文“A core principle of ethical aid is that survivors must be the solution’s center, not passive receivers of charity. (道德援助的核心原则是，幸存者必须是解决方案的中心，而不是慈善的被动接受者。)”及下文“Too often, external groups arrive with pre-packaged plans ignoring local traditions or unique community needs. True empowerment means listening first, then acting with, not for, the community. (太多时候，外部团体带着预先包装好的计划到来，忽视了当地传统或独特的社区需求。真正的赋权意味着先倾听，然后与社区一起行动，而不是为了社区行动。)”可知，上文提到道德援助的核心原则是幸存者是解决方案的中心，下文指出外部团体常忽视当地情况，真正的赋权是先倾听再行动，本空应说明要尊重当地情况让社区自主决策，C选项“Respect local expertise and let communities lead their own decisions. (尊重当地专业知识，让社区自主决策。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 19. 由下文“Disasters expose deep inequalities: disadvantaged groups are hardest hit and last to get aid, though they bear least responsibility for disasters’ root causes. Recovery ignoring these inequalities keeps harmful systems in place that deepen suffering.(灾难暴露了深刻的不平等：弱势群体受打击最严重，最后得到援助，尽管他们对灾难的根本原因承担的责任最小。忽视这些不平等的恢复会维持有害的系统，加深痛苦。)”可知，下文具体说明灾难揭示的社会不平等问题。本空应为总起句，引出“灾难揭示社会问题”的话题。E选项“Beyond destruction, disasters reveal some unpleasant truths about modern societies.(除了破坏，灾难还揭示了关于现代社会的一些不愉快的事实。)”概括下文，符合语境。故选E。 20. 由上文“Of course, equal recovery faces tough challenges.(当然，平等的恢复面临严峻挑战。)”及下文“Governments put economic growth before schools and hospitals; international aid often ties to political agendas.(政府将经济增长置于学校和医院之上；国际援助往往与政治议程挂钩。)”可知，上文提出“平等恢复有挑战”，下文列举具体的系统性障碍。本空应指出挑战的核心是系统性障碍。D选项“Systemic barriers are the biggest problem for recovery, not disaster damage.(系统性障碍是恢复的最大问题，而不是灾难破坏。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年浙江嘉兴市第一学期期末检测高一英语试卷)Floods can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world. 21 Here is a simple guide to keep you and your family safe. Make a flood survival plan. 22 This plan should include contact information and meeting points. Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone knows where these locations are and how to get there safely. Prepare an emergency kit. Get ready a kit that includes basic necessities. 23 Pack at least three gallons of water per person so everyone can drink a gallon a day. Also, remember to include a first aid kit, any special medications your family needs, warm clothing, and personal identification documents stored in a waterproof(防水的) bag. 24 Some people think they can ride out the flood, but keep yourself safe by taking proper action. When you are in a car, you need to move to higher ground immediately. Please avoid crossing through flood waters. Even water up to your ankles(脚踝) can be dangerous. You can’t see how deep the water is the rest of the way. Follow news and warnings. Once you are safe, do not return home until the authorities say it is safe to do so. In addition, listen for the authorities to say that water from the community water supply is safe to drink. 25 A. Escape flood waters. B. Move your car to a safe place. C. This will help prevent illness and further damage. D. Check your food supplies regularly and replace bad ones. E. Surviving a flood depends on your preparation and action. F. A good kit should have three-day food and water for everyone. G. You can sit down with your family to work out a plan of action. 【答案】21. E 22. G 23. F 24. A 25. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“如何在洪水中保障自身和家人的安全”展开，从制定洪水求生计划、准备应急包、躲避洪水、关注新闻预警四个方面，给出了简单且实用的避险指南，核心强调洪水避险的准备与行动的重要性。 21. 根据上文“Floods can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world.(在世界许多地区，洪水可能会突然来袭，且几乎没有预警)”以及下文“Here is a simple guide to keep you and your family safe.(以下是一份保障你和家人安全的简易指南)”可知，空格处需要承上启下，点明洪水避险的核心关键，衔接后文的具体指南。E选项“Surviving a flood depends on your preparation and action.(能否在洪水中幸存，取决于你的准备和行动)”精准契合语境，既承接了洪水突发的特点，又引出后文的具体准备和行动方法，符合要求。故选E项。 22. 根据本段小标题“Make a flood survival plan.(制定洪水求生计划)”以及下文“This plan should include contact information and meeting points.(这份计划应包含联系方式和集合地点)”可知，空格处需要说明具体如何制定该计划，贴合“制定计划”的主题。G选项“You can sit down with your family to work out a plan of action.(你可以和家人一起坐下来，制定一份行动计划)”中的“work out a plan of action”与小标题的“Make a flood survival plan”相呼应，且引出下文计划的具体内容，符合语境。故选G项。 23. 根据本段小标题“Prepare an emergency kit.(准备应急包)”以及上文“Get ready a kit that includes basic necessities.(准备一个包含生活必需品的应急包)”、下文“Pack at least three gallons of water per person so everyone can drink a gallon a day.(为每人准备至少三加仑的水，确保每人每天能喝一加仑)”可知，空格处需要具体说明应急包中应包含的食物和水等基础物资，衔接上下文。F选项“A good kit should have three-day food and water for everyone.(一个合格的应急包应为每个人准备够三天的食物和水)”紧扣“应急包”主题，既承接前文的“生活必需品”，又为后文的备水细节做铺垫，符合语境。故选F项。 24. 此处为段落小标题，需概括本段核心内容。根据下文“Some people think they can ride out the flood, but keep yourself safe by taking proper action. When you are in a car, you need to move to higher ground immediately. Please avoid crossing through flood waters.(有些人认为可以熬过去，但要采取恰当行动保证自身安全。在车里时，需立即前往高地，切勿涉水)”可知，本段核心是讲述遭遇洪水时如何躲避、远离洪水区域，保障自身安全。A选项“Escape flood waters.(躲避洪水)”精准概括本段主旨，统领全段内容，符合小标题要求。故选A项。 25. 根据上文“Once you are safe, do not return home until the authorities say it is safe to do so. In addition, listen for the authorities to say that water from the community water supply is safe to drink.(一旦安全，需等官方通知后方可回家。此外，要等待官方告知市政供水可安全饮用后再饮用)”可知，空格处需要说明遵循上述这些预警要求的作用和意义。C选项“This will help prevent illness and further damage.(这将有助于预防疾病和进一步的损失)”中的“This”指代前文遵循官方预警、不贸然回家、不随意饮用自来水的行为，点明这些做法的积极作用，符合语境。故选C项。 ( 3 / 34 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $