专题02 Unit 2 Natural disasters-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦必修第三册Unit 2自然灾害主题，系统整合disaster、occur等12个高考高频词汇，通过“灾害突袭—救援重建”语境串记语篇构建记忆链，结合词根拆解、词性变化总表等任务，引导学生自主梳理词义、搭配及考点，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于真题导向的诊断与个性化复习设计，如语法填空模块整合近5年高考真题改编题，关联阅读覆盖全部目标词汇，自我检测环节通过复述模板帮助学生自主复盘。这些活动培养学生语言能力与学习能力，教师可依据学生自测结果精准指导，实现因材施教。

专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：disaster / occur / injure / shock / flood / rescue / locate / destructive / confirm / supply / donate / relief （知识点来源：必修第三册 Unit 2 · Natural disasters + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Natural disasters can strike without any warning. When a strong earthquake occurred in a mountain county last spring, houses fell down in seconds and many people were injured. The shock was so great that some villagers could hardly move, and a flood of muddy water soon rushed through the broken streets. Rescue teams arrived before dawn to locate survivors under the destructive ruins. Doctors soon confirmed that most of the wounded would get well again. Trucks brought a steady supply of clean water and food, while people all over the country donated money and warm clothes. To the relief of everyone, the county began to rebuild its homes only one month later. 【中文译文】 自然（disaster）灾害往往毫无预警地降临。去年春天，当一场强烈地震在一个山区县城（occur）发生时，房屋在几秒钟内倒塌，许多人（injure）受伤。那种（shock）震惊是如此强烈，有些村民几乎动弹不得，很快一股泥水（flood）洪流冲过残破的街道。 （rescue）救援队在黎明前赶到，在（destructive）破坏性的废墟下（locate）定位幸存者。医生很快（confirm）确认大多数伤员都能康复。卡车运来源源不断的清水与食物（supply）供给，全国各地的人们（donate）捐赠钱款和御寒衣物。令所有人（relief）宽慰的是，仅仅一个月后，这个县城就开始重建家园。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：灾害突袭→地震发生→人员受伤→举国震惊→洪水漫街→救援赶到→定位幸存→废墟具破坏性→确认伤情→物资供应→全民捐赠→终得宽慰 记忆链：disaster → occur → injure → shock → flood → rescue → locate → destructive → confirm → supply → donate → relief Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害；彻底失败 ⚡考点：natural disasters 自然灾害；a disaster area 灾区；end in disaster 以失败告终；disastrous adj. 灾难性的 2 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；存在 ⚡考点：occur 无被动语态；sth. occurs to sb. 某人想到；It occurred to sb. that…；occurrence n. 发生；事件（双写r） 3 injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害 ⚡考点：be badly/seriously injured；the injured 伤员；injury n. 伤害（复数injuries）；injured adj. 受伤的 4 shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；休克；冲击 vt. 使震惊 ⚡考点：come as a shock to sb.；in shock 处于震惊中；be shocked at/by；shocking adj. 令人震惊的 5 flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；大量 vt. 淹没；涌入 ⚡考点：a flood of 大量的；be flooded with 挤满；flooding n. 水灾；flood into 涌入 6 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ vt./n. 营救；救援 ⚡考点：rescue sb. from sth.；come/go to one's rescue 前去营救；a rescue team 救援队；rescuer n. 救援者 7 locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ vt. 找出…的位置；把…设在 ⚡考点：be located in/on/at 位于（常用被动）；location n. 位置（on location 外景拍摄）；local adj. 当地的 8 destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 ⚡考点：a destructive force；be destructive to/of；destroy v. 摧毁；destruction n. 破坏（熟词生义：具破坏性的） 9 confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实；确认；批准 ⚡考点：confirm that从句；confirm sb. as…；it is confirmed that…；confirmation n. 确认；confirmed adj. 确认的 10 supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应；供给；补给品 vt. 供应 ⚡考点：supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.；in short supply 供应不足；supplies n. 物资 11 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ vt./vi. 捐赠；捐献 ⚡考点：donate sth. to sb./sth.；donate blood 献血；donation n. 捐赠（make a donation）；donor n. 捐赠者 12 relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰；减轻；救济 ⚡考点：to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是；with relief；a relief fund 救济金；relieve v. 减轻；relieved adj. 宽慰的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害；彻底失败 【核心考点】 disaster是自然灾害话题的统领词，阅读理解与读后续写高频。natural disasters（自然灾害，常用复数）；a disaster area（灾区）；disaster relief（救灾）；end in disaster（以惨败告终）；be a disaster for sb.（对某人是场灾难）。形容词disastrous adj.（灾难性的；极糟的）→ have a disastrous effect on（对…造成灾难性影响）；副词disastrously adv.。辨析：disaster（造成重大人员伤亡或财产损失的灾难，规模最大）vs catastrophe（大灾难，程度更甚，多指毁灭性后果）vs accident（意外事故，多为偶发个体事件）vs tragedy（悲剧，侧重情感上的不幸）。 【词根联想】 dis-（不好的，恶的）+ astr/aster（拉丁语、希腊语"星星"）→ 星位不吉、灾星当头→ 灾难。联想：astr"星"→ astronaut（宇航员→星际航行者）、astronomy（天文学）、asterisk（星号）、disaster（灾星→灾难）。古人认为灾祸源自星象不利，词义由此而来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：disaster n. 彻底的失败；糟糕透顶的人或事。熟义"灾难"之外，disaster在口语与议论文中常指"惨败、一塌糊涂的事情"，如The party was a complete disaster（那场聚会糟透了）、His first attempt ended in disaster（他的首次尝试以惨败收场）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes may strike without any warning."（洪水、地震等自然灾害可能毫无预警地袭来。）（经典原句·disaster 灾害） 【搭配词块】 natural disasters 自然灾害 / a disaster area 灾区 / disaster relief 救灾 / disastrous adj. 灾难性的 2. occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；被想起 【核心考点】 occur是"发生"类动词中最正式的一个，语法填空与写作双高频。核心易错点有三：一是occur为不及物动词，无被动语态，不能说was occurred；二是重读闭音节，变形须双写r → occurred / occurring / occurrence；三是固定句式sth. occurs to sb.（某事被某人想到）与It occurred/occurs to sb. that…（某人突然想到…）、It never occurred to me that…（我从未想到…，写作亮点句）。名词occurrence n.（发生；事件）→ a common occurrence（常见现象）。辨析：occur（正式，多指偶发或按规律出现）vs happen（最口语化，常指偶然发生）vs take place（有计划地举行）vs break out（战争、火灾、疾病等突然爆发）。 【词根联想】 oc-（= ob-，朝向，向前）+ currere（拉丁语"跑，run"）→ 迎面跑过来→ 发生；出现在脑海里。联想：curr/curs"跑"→ current（当前的；水流→正在跑的）、occur（发生）、recur（再次发生）、excursion（远足→往外跑）、concurrent（同时发生的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：occur to sb. 被某人想到；使某人突然想起。熟义"发生"之外，occur后接to sb.时主语常为idea/thought/It，表示"某个念头浮现于脑海"，如A good idea occurred to me（我想到一个好主意）、It never occurred to him to ask for help（他从未想到要求助）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The earthquake occurred at midnight, when most of the villagers were fast asleep."（地震发生在午夜，那时大多数村民正熟睡。）（经典原句·occur 发生） 【搭配词块】 occur to sb. 被某人想到 / It occurred to me that… 我突然想到 / occurrence n. 发生 / occur 无被动语态 3. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害（名誉、感情等） 【核心考点】 injure是事故与灾害语篇的必备动词，语法填空高频考查其名词与形容词形式。be badly/seriously/slightly injured（伤势严重/轻微）；injure oneself（受伤）；the injured（伤员，the + adj. 表一类人，作主语时谓语用复数）。名词injury n.（伤；损害，可数，复数injuries）→ suffer/receive an injury（受伤）、a knee injury（膝伤）、do sb. an injury。辨析：injure（因事故意外受伤，最通用）vs wound（多指刀枪等武器造成的外伤，常用于战场）vs hurt（可指身体疼痛，也可指感情受伤，最口语）vs harm（多指抽象的损害，如harm one's health）。 【词根联想】 in-（不，not）+ jur/jus（拉丁语"法律；公正"）→ 不公正地对待→ 伤害。联想：jur/jus"法；正义"→ justice（公正）、jury（陪审团）、injure（不公正对待→使受伤）、injury（伤害）、perjury（伪证罪）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：injure vt. 损害（名誉、感情、利益）。熟义"使身体受伤"之外，injure可接抽象名词，表示对声誉或感情的损害，如injure one's reputation/pride/feelings（损害名誉/自尊/感情）、The scandal injured his career（丑闻损害了他的事业）。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空·injury表"伤"，位于Lenoue就医语块）"Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees."（到那里后，Lenoue接受了评估，随后被送往医院，她得知自己一侧膝盖受了重伤。）（真题原句·injure 名词 伤） 【搭配词块】 be badly injured 严重受伤 / the injured 伤员 / injury n. 伤害 / injure one's feelings 伤害感情 4. shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；休克；冲击 vt. 使震惊 【核心考点】 shock兼具名词与动词，灾难与新闻语篇高频。作名词：come as a shock to sb.（令某人大为震惊）、be in shock（处于震惊/休克状态）、get a shock（吃一惊）、a shock to the system（对身体的强烈刺激）。作动词：shock sb.（使某人震惊）、be shocked at/by sth.（对某事感到震惊）、be shocked to do sth.。形容词shocked adj.（感到震惊的，修饰人）与shocking adj.（令人震惊的，修饰物或事）是高考经典易混点。辨析：shock（因突发坏消息而震惊，常含负面色彩）vs surprise（中性，泛指惊讶）vs amaze（惊叹，多为正面）vs astonish（极度惊讶，程度重于surprise）。 【词根联想】 拟声兼借自古法语choquer"猛烈碰撞"→ 猛烈撞击身心→ 冲击；震惊。联想：由"撞击"义引申出多个搭配：shock wave（冲击波）、electric shock（触电）、shock absorber（减震器）、culture shock（文化冲击），核心都是"突如其来的强烈撞击感"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：shock n. 休克；电击。熟义"震惊"之外，shock在医学与物理语境中指身体机能骤降的"休克"或"电击"，如The patient went into shock（病人休克了）、get an electric shock（触电）。灾害类阅读中此义常与injured同现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The news of the tsunami came as a terrible shock to the whole country."（海啸的消息给全国带来极大的震惊。）（经典原句·shock 震惊） 【搭配词块】 come as a shock to 令…震惊 / in shock 处于震惊中 / be shocked at 对…震惊 / shocking adj. 令人震惊的 5. flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；大量 vt./vi. 淹没；涌入 【核心考点】 flood是自然灾害话题的核心名词兼动词。作名词：heavy floods（洪灾，常用复数）、a flood of（大量的，后接可数或不可数名词，如a flood of letters/complaints）、in flood（河流泛滥）。作动词：flood the streets（淹没街道）、be flooded with（被…充斥；挤满，如be flooded with applications）、flood into/out of（涌入/涌出）。名词flooding n.（洪灾；水淹，不可数）。辨析：flood（洪水，最通用）vs flooding（发生洪水这一现象）vs storm（暴风雨）vs tsunami（海啸，由海底地震引发）。写作中a flood of可替换a large number of，是提升表达的高分短语。 【词根联想】 古英语flōd"流动的水"，与flow（流动）、float（漂浮）同源→ 大水漫流→ 洪水。联想：fl-常表"流动"→ flow（流）、flow er? 非；flu（流感→流行）、fluent（流利的）、fluid（流体）、flood（洪水）。字母组合fl-的"流动"意象可帮助整组记忆。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：flood n. 大量；一连串 v. 涌入；充斥。熟义"洪水"之外，flood常比喻性地表示"大量涌来的事物"，如a flood of tears（泪如泉涌）、Letters flooded in（信件如潮水般涌来）、be flooded with orders（订单应接不暇）。 【真题原句】 （2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空·flood表"洪水"，位于Molai植树故事首段）"A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds."（那年早些时候一场洪水袭击了这一地区，它造成的破坏赶走了许多鸟。）（真题原句·flood 洪水） 【搭配词块】 a flood of 大量的 / be flooded with 挤满；充斥 / flood into 涌入 / flooding n. 洪灾 6. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ vt./n. 营救；救援；抢救 【核心考点】 rescue是救援话题的核心词，动名同形。作动词：rescue sb./sth. from sth.（把某人从…中救出，from为固定介词）、rescue sb. from drowning。作名词：come/go to sb.'s rescue（前去营救某人）、a rescue team/worker/operation（救援队/人员/行动）、attempt a rescue。派生rescuer n.（救援者）。辨析：rescue（有组织地把人或物从危险处境中救出，最正式）vs save（含义最广，可指救命、省钱、储存）vs relieve（减轻痛苦或负担）vs recover（找回；康复）。写作中come to one's rescue比help更具画面感，是记叙文亮点表达。 【词根联想】 re-（重新，back）+ 古法语escourre / 拉丁语excutere（ex-"出"+ quatere"摇动"）→ 把人从危险中猛地摇出来、夺回来→ 营救。联想：cuss/cut"摇；打"→ discuss（讨论→反复摇动想法）、percussion（打击乐）、concussion（脑震荡）、rescue（夺回→营救）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The rescue team reached the mountain village before dawn and saved twelve people."（救援队在黎明前抵达山村，救出了十二人。）（经典原句·rescue 救援） 【搭配词块】 rescue sb. from 从…中救出 / come to one's rescue 前去营救 / a rescue team 救援队 / rescuer n. 救援者 7. locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ vt. 找出…的确切位置；把…设置在 【核心考点】 locate是说明文与应用文高频动词，最核心的考点是被动结构be located in/on/at（位于…，相当于lie/be situated in）。此外locate还可表示"确定位置、找到"，如locate the source of the problem（找到问题根源）、locate survivors（定位幸存者）。名词location n.（位置；地点；外景地）→ a central location（中心地段）、on location（拍摄外景）。形容词local adj.（当地的）；名词locality（地区）。辨析：be located in（大范围之内）vs be located on（临河、临街、在…之上）vs be located at（具体小地点）；locate（找出位置）vs discover（发现原本存在之物）vs detect（探测出难以察觉之物）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语locus"地方（place）"+ 动词后缀-ate → 使处在某地→ 定位；设置。联想：loc"地方"→ local（当地的）、location（位置）、locate（定位）、allocate（分配→拨到某处）、dislocate（脱臼→离开原位）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：locate vt. 找出…的位置；查明。熟义"位于"之外，locate作主动动词时强调"经过寻找而确定位置"，如The dogs helped locate the buried children（狗帮助定位被埋的孩子）、locate the fault in the system（查明系统故障所在）。灾害救援语篇中此义极为常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读A·located表"位于"，位于旅社介绍语块）"Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions."（Des Artistes旅馆位于距市中心车站仅十分钟步行路程处，靠近该市所有主要景点。）（真题原句·locate 位于） 【搭配词块】 be located in 位于 / locate survivors 定位幸存者 / location n. 位置 / local adj. 当地的 8. destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的；消极的 【核心考点】 destructive是灾害与环境话题的高频形容词。a destructive force/storm/earthquake（破坏性的力量/风暴/地震）；be destructive to/of sth.（对…有破坏作用）；destructive criticism（消极的批评，与constructive criticism建设性批评相对，为高考经典对比考点）。动词destroy vt.（摧毁；毁灭）→ be destroyed by fire；名词destruction n.（破坏；毁灭）→ cause widespread destruction。辨析：destroy（彻底摧毁，使之无法复原）vs damage（造成局部损坏，通常可修复）vs ruin（毁掉，常用于抽象事物，如ruin one's future）vs harm（损害，程度最轻）。 【词根联想】 de-（向下；去除）+ struct（拉丁语"建造，build"）+ -ive（形容词后缀）→ 把建起来的东西拆下去→ 破坏性的。联想：struct"建"→ structure（结构）、construct（建造→共同建）、instruct（指导→在心里建立）、obstruct（阻碍→挡着建）、destructive（拆毁的→破坏性的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：destructive adj. 消极的；否定的；无益的（指言行）。熟义"破坏性的"之外，destructive可修饰言论或态度，指"只否定不建设的"，如destructive criticism（消极批评）、a destructive attitude（消极态度）。议论文写作中常与constructive形成对比。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The volcano was so destructive that the whole ancient town was buried in ash."（这座火山破坏力极强，以致整座古城都被火山灰掩埋。）（经典原句·destructive 破坏性的） 【搭配词块】 a destructive force 破坏性力量 / be destructive to 对…有破坏作用 / destroy v. 摧毁 / destruction n. 破坏 9. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实；确认；批准；使更坚定 【核心考点】 confirm是新闻报道与说明文高频动词，读写双高频。confirm that从句（证实…）；confirm sth.（确认某事，如confirm a booking/an appointment确认预订/预约）；It is confirmed that…（据证实…，写作高级句式）；confirm sb. as/in（正式任命某人为…）；confirm sb. in one's belief（使某人更加坚信）。名词confirmation n.（确认；证实）→ receive written confirmation；形容词confirmed adj.（已确认的；根深蒂固的）。辨析：confirm（用新证据证实原有说法或安排）vs prove（提供充分证据证明结论成立）vs verify（核实数据或事实的准确性，正式）vs ensure（确保某事发生）。 【词根联想】 con-（加强语气，完全）+ firm（拉丁语firmus"坚固的，firm"）→ 使完全牢固→ 确证；确认。联想：firm"坚固"→ firm（结实的；公司）、firmly（坚定地）、affirm（断言→肯定地说）、infirm（体弱的→不坚固）、confirm（使坚固→证实）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The government has confirmed that all the missing workers have now been found."（政府已证实所有失踪工人现已全部找到。）（经典原句·confirm 证实） 【搭配词块】 confirm that 证实… / confirm a booking 确认预订 / confirmation n. 确认 / It is confirmed that 据证实 10. supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应；供给；补给品 vt. 供应；提供 【核心考点】 supply名动同形，救灾与经济话题高频。作动词最重要的是双宾结构互换：supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.（向某人提供某物），介词with与to不可混用，此为高考经典易错点（同类还有provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.）。作名词：a supply of（一批；一份供应）、supply and demand（供求）、in short supply（供应不足）、cut off the water supply（切断供水）；复数supplies n.（物资；补给品，如medical supplies医疗物资）。名词supplier n.（供应商）。辨析：supply（长期、大量地供给必需品）vs provide（提供，最通用）vs offer（主动提出给予，对方可拒绝）vs donate（无偿捐赠）。 【词根联想】 sup-（= sub-，从下面）+ plere（拉丁语"填满，fill"）→ 从下面把空缺填满→ 补给；供应。联想：ple/pli"满"→ complete（完成→完全填满）、supplement（补充物）、plenty（充足）、implement（实施）、supply（填满→供应）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：supplies n. 补给品；物资；日用品。熟义动词"供应"之外，supply的复数形式为具体名词，指"物资"，如medical supplies（医疗物资）、school supplies（学习用品）、food supplies（食品补给）。灾害救援类阅读中出现频率极高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Trucks supplied the flooded village with clean drinking water for over two weeks."（卡车为受灾村庄供应了两个多星期的清洁饮用水。）（经典原句·supply 供应） 【搭配词块】 supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供 / in short supply 供应不足 / a supply of 一批 / supplies n. 物资 11. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ vt./vi. 捐赠；捐献；赠予 【核心考点】 donate是公益与救灾话题的核心动词。donate sth. to sb./sth.（把某物捐给…，to为固定介词，不能用for）；donate money/blood/books（捐款/献血/捐书）；donate to charity（向慈善机构捐赠）。名词donation n.（捐赠；捐赠物）→ make a donation to（向…捐款）、take donations（接受捐赠）；donor n.（捐赠者；献血者）→ a blood donor。辨析：donate（正式，多指向慈善或公共机构捐赠）vs contribute（贡献，可指钱、力、思想，且contribute to还有"促成"义）vs give（最普通）vs present（正式赠予，常伴仪式）。 【词根联想】 don/dat（拉丁语donare"给予，give"）+ -ate → 给出去→ 捐赠。联想：don"给"→ donate（捐赠）、donation（捐款）、donor（捐赠者）、pardon（原谅→彻底给出宽恕）；同源dat"给"→ data（数据→给出的事实）、date（日期）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·donations表"捐赠"，位于DC中央厨房语块）"Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields."（去年它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品回收了逾807,500磅食物，否则这些食物就会烂在地里。）（真题原句·donate 名词 捐赠） 【搭配词块】 donate sth. to 把…捐给 / donate blood 献血 / donation n. 捐赠 / make a donation 捐款 12. relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰；轻松；减轻；救济（物资） 【核心考点】 relief是情感描写与救灾话题的双高频名词，读后续写必备。to one's relief / to the relief of sb.（令某人宽慰的是，独立成分置于句首）；with relief（如释重负地）；a sense of relief（一种轻松感）；breathe a sigh of relief（长舒一口气）；pain relief（止痛）；disaster relief（救灾）、a relief fund（救济金）。动词relieve vt.（减轻；缓解；使宽慰）→ relieve pain/pressure、be relieved to do sth.；形容词relieved adj.（宽慰的，修饰人）。辨析：relief（担忧解除后的轻松）vs comfort（安慰；舒适）vs relaxation（放松，指身心休闲）vs rescue（营救行动）。 【词根联想】 re-（再次）+ lev/lief（拉丁语levare"举起；减轻"，levis"轻的"）→ 把压在心头的重担再抬起来→ 宽慰；减轻。联想：lev"轻；举"→ elevator（电梯→举起的机器）、lever（杠杆）、levitate（漂浮）、relieve（减轻）、relief（宽慰）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relief n. 救济；救济物资。熟义"宽慰"之外，relief在灾害语篇中指政府或组织提供的援助，如disaster relief（救灾）、relief supplies（救灾物资）、a relief worker（救援人员）、send relief to the flooded area（向灾区发送救济物资）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To the relief of everyone, every trapped miner was brought out alive that night."（令所有人宽慰的是，那晚每一名被困矿工都被活着救了出来。）（经典原句·relief 宽慰） 【搭配词块】 to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是 / with relief 如释重负地 / relieve v. 减轻 / a relief fund 救济金 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 disaster disastrous (adj.) disastrously (adv.) --- natural disasters / a disaster area occur occurrence (n.) occurred (v.) occurring (v.) occur to sb. / It occurred to me that injure injury (n.) injured (adj.) uninjured (adj.) be badly injured / the injured shock shocked (adj.) shocking (adj.) shockingly (adv.) come as a shock to / in shock flood flooding (n.) flooded (adj.) floodwater (n.) a flood of / be flooded with rescue rescuer (n.) rescued (adj.) --- rescue sb. from / a rescue team locate location (n.) local (adj.) locality (n.) be located in / on location destructive destroy (v.) destruction (n.) destructively (adv.) a destructive force / be destructive to confirm confirmation (n.) confirmed (adj.) confirming (v.) confirm that / confirm a booking supply supplies (n.) supplier (n.) supplied (v.) supply sb. with sth. / in short supply donate donation (n.) donor (n.) donated (adj.) donate sth. to / make a donation relief relieve (v.) relieved (adj.) relieving (v.) to one's relief / a relief fund Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2020新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空·改编）A __________ (flooding) had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 2.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空·改编）At the hospital she learned that she had serious __________ (injure) in one of her knees. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编）Last year the kitchen recovered tons of good food by taking __________ (donate) from farms and shops. 4.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is __________ (location) just a 10-minute walk from the central city station. 5.（2026山东济南•模拟）The strong earthquake __________ (occurrence) at midnight, when most of the villagers were fast asleep. 6.（2026广东广州•模拟）The volcano was so __________ (destroy) that the whole ancient town was buried deep in ash. 7.（2026浙江杭州•模拟）The __________ (rescuer) team reached the mountain village before dawn the next morning. 8.（2026江苏南京•模拟）To our great __________ (relieve), every trapped worker was brought out of the mine alive. 9.（2026四川成都•模拟）The local government has __________ (confirmation) that all the missing people have been found. 10.（2026河南郑州•模拟）Trucks kept __________ (supplies) the village with clean drinking water for over two weeks. 11.（2026湖北武汉•模拟）The news of the tsunami came as a terrible __________ (shocking) to the whole country. 12.（2026福建福州•模拟）Natural __________ (disastrous) such as typhoons often hit the south-east coast in summer. 13.（2026湖南长沙•模拟）Many kind-hearted citizens __________ (donation) money and warm clothes to the homeless families. 14.（2026安徽合肥•模拟）Two firefighters were badly __________ (injury) while they were saving the trapped children. 15.（2026陕西西安•模拟）The exact __________ (locate) of the buried village was finally worked out by a small drone. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 自然__________（灾害）常常毫无预警地降临。去年春天，一场强烈地震在山区县城__________（发生），房屋在几秒内倒塌，许多人被__________（使受伤）。 那种__________（震惊）让村民久久无法回神，紧接着一股泥水__________（洪流）冲过残破的街道。__________（救援）队在黎明前赶到，在具有__________（破坏性的）废墟下__________（定位）幸存者。 医生很快__________（确认）大多数伤员都能康复。卡车运来源源不断的清水__________（供应），全国各地的人们__________（捐赠）钱物。令所有人__________（宽慰）的是，一个月后重建就开始了。 Part 7 关联阅读 At twenty past three on a cold March morning, a powerful earthquake occurred beneath a quiet mountain county in the south-west. Within twenty seconds, walls cracked, roofs came down and all the power lines were broken. Mr Zhao, a geography teacher at the local high school, was shaken out of his bed. His first feeling was pure shock, but he forced himself to stay calm. He counted the students in the dormitory building, led them down the dark stairs in an orderly line and out to the open playground. By sunrise the true picture appeared. The most destructive damage lay in the old town, where a flood of mud from the hillside had buried three narrow streets. Sixty-two people were injured and more than twenty were still missing. Rescue teams from four neighbouring provinces arrived that same afternoon with search dogs, cutting tools and listening devices. Their hardest task was to locate survivors in complete silence, because a single weak cry from under the stones might be the only signal that they would ever hear. Help came from far and wide. Within three days the government confirmed that every trapped person had been reached and that no one else was missing. Lorries carried a steady supply of drinking water, tents, medicine and warm clothes into the narrow valley. Students in distant cities donated their pocket money, and several large companies gave millions to the relief fund. Mr Zhao himself worked as a volunteer, carrying heavy boxes and writing down the names of families who needed shelter. Six months later the county looks quite different. New houses stand on higher and safer ground, and every school now holds an escape drill twice a term. Mr Zhao teaches a short course on natural disasters to his classes. He tells his students that nobody can stop the earth from shaking, but knowledge and practice can decide who walks out alive. "A disaster tests a place only once," he often says, "yet careful preparation protects it for ever." His students always listen very carefully, because they know that he is speaking from real experience. 1. What did Mr Zhao do soon after the earthquake happened? A. He ran out of the school building alone to look for help in the town. B. He counted his students and led them out to the open playground. C. He tried to repair the broken power lines around the dormitory. D. He went straight to the old town to join the search for survivors. 2. Why was the rescue work in the old town especially difficult? A. The rescue teams had to travel from four provinces far away. B. The heavy rain kept falling and made the hillside slide again. C. No professional search dogs or cutting tools were available. D. Rescuers had to keep silent so as to hear weak cries for help. 3. What can we learn about the county from paragraph 3? A. It received wide support from people and companies across the country. B. It refused outside money because the local government was rich enough. C. It had to wait three weeks before the first supplies finally arrived. D. It lost contact with the outside world for the whole of that month. 4. What message does Mr Zhao want to pass on to his students? A. Geography lessons matter more than any other school subject. B. People should move away from areas where earthquakes happen. C. Being well prepared can save lives when a disaster strikes. D. Natural disasters will become far less common in the future. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：disaster, occur, injure, shock, flood, rescue, locate, destructive, confirm, supply, donate, relief Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. disaster — __________ 2. occur — __________ 3. injure — __________ 4. shock — __________ 5. flood — __________ 6. rescue — __________ 7. locate — __________ 8. destructive — __________ 9. confirm — __________ 10. supply — __________ 11. donate — __________ 12. relief — __________ 13. disastrous — __________ 14. occurrence — __________ 15. injury — __________ 16. location — __________ 17. donation — __________ 18. relieve — __________ 19. a flood of — __________ 20. to one's relief — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. That flood was one of the worst natural accidents in the history of the county. → That flood was one of the worst natural __________ in the history of the county. 2. The strong earthquake happened at three in the morning when everyone was asleep. → The strong earthquake __________ at three in the morning when everyone was asleep. 3. Ten workers were badly hurt when the old factory wall suddenly fell down. → Ten workers were badly __________ when the old factory wall suddenly fell down. 4. Firefighters worked all night long to save the families trapped inside the building. → Firefighters worked all night long to __________ the families trapped inside the building. 5. The news of the tsunami gave the whole country a terrible surprise that evening. → The news of the tsunami came as a terrible __________ to the whole country that evening. 6. The volcano was extremely damaging and buried the whole ancient town in ash. → The volcano was extremely __________ and buried the whole ancient town in ash. 7. Kind people all over the country gave money and warm clothes to the victims. → Kind people all over the country __________ money and warm clothes to the victims. 8. Trucks brought a steady amount of clean drinking water into the ruined mountain village. → Trucks brought a steady __________ of clean drinking water into the ruined mountain village. 9. It was a great comfort to us that every trapped miner was still alive. → To our great __________, every trapped miner was still alive. 10. The search dogs helped the team find the exact place of the two buried children. → The search dogs helped the team __________ the two buried children. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：disaster → occur → injure → shock → flood → rescue → locate → destructive → confirm → supply → donate → relief 复述模板（填空）： 自然__________（灾害）毫无预警地降临，一场强烈地震在山区县城__________（发生），许多人被__________（使受伤）。 那种__________（震惊）久久难以平复，泥水__________（洪流）冲过街道；__________（救援）队在黎明前赶到，在具有__________（破坏性的）废墟下__________（定位）幸存者。 医生很快__________（确认）伤员大多能康复；卡车送来充足的物资__________（供应），全国人民__________（捐赠）钱物，令人__________（宽慰）的是，重建很快开始。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ $ 专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：disaster / occur / injure / shock / flood / rescue / locate / destructive / confirm / supply / donate / relief （知识点来源：必修第三册 Unit 2 · Natural disasters + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Natural disasters can strike without any warning. When a strong earthquake occurred in a mountain county last spring, houses fell down in seconds and many people were injured. The shock was so great that some villagers could hardly move, and a flood of muddy water soon rushed through the broken streets. Rescue teams arrived before dawn to locate survivors under the destructive ruins. Doctors soon confirmed that most of the wounded would get well again. Trucks brought a steady supply of clean water and food, while people all over the country donated money and warm clothes. To the relief of everyone, the county began to rebuild its homes only one month later. 【中文译文】 自然（disaster）灾害往往毫无预警地降临。去年春天，当一场强烈地震在一个山区县城（occur）发生时，房屋在几秒钟内倒塌，许多人（injure）受伤。那种（shock）震惊是如此强烈，有些村民几乎动弹不得，很快一股泥水（flood）洪流冲过残破的街道。 （rescue）救援队在黎明前赶到，在（destructive）破坏性的废墟下（locate）定位幸存者。医生很快（confirm）确认大多数伤员都能康复。卡车运来源源不断的清水与食物（supply）供给，全国各地的人们（donate）捐赠钱款和御寒衣物。令所有人（relief）宽慰的是，仅仅一个月后，这个县城就开始重建家园。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：灾害突袭→地震发生→人员受伤→举国震惊→洪水漫街→救援赶到→定位幸存→废墟具破坏性→确认伤情→物资供应→全民捐赠→终得宽慰 记忆链：disaster → occur → injure → shock → flood → rescue → locate → destructive → confirm → supply → donate → relief Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害；彻底失败 ⚡考点：natural disasters 自然灾害；a disaster area 灾区；end in disaster 以失败告终；disastrous adj. 灾难性的 2 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；存在 ⚡考点：occur 无被动语态；sth. occurs to sb. 某人想到；It occurred to sb. that…；occurrence n. 发生；事件（双写r） 3 injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害 ⚡考点：be badly/seriously injured；the injured 伤员；injury n. 伤害（复数injuries）；injured adj. 受伤的 4 shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；休克；冲击 vt. 使震惊 ⚡考点：come as a shock to sb.；in shock 处于震惊中；be shocked at/by；shocking adj. 令人震惊的 5 flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；大量 vt. 淹没；涌入 ⚡考点：a flood of 大量的；be flooded with 挤满；flooding n. 水灾；flood into 涌入 6 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ vt./n. 营救；救援 ⚡考点：rescue sb. from sth.；come/go to one's rescue 前去营救；a rescue team 救援队；rescuer n. 救援者 7 locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ vt. 找出…的位置；把…设在 ⚡考点：be located in/on/at 位于（常用被动）；location n. 位置（on location 外景拍摄）；local adj. 当地的 8 destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 ⚡考点：a destructive force；be destructive to/of；destroy v. 摧毁；destruction n. 破坏（熟词生义：具破坏性的） 9 confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实；确认；批准 ⚡考点：confirm that从句；confirm sb. as…；it is confirmed that…；confirmation n. 确认；confirmed adj. 确认的 10 supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应；供给；补给品 vt. 供应 ⚡考点：supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.；in short supply 供应不足；supplies n. 物资 11 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ vt./vi. 捐赠；捐献 ⚡考点：donate sth. to sb./sth.；donate blood 献血；donation n. 捐赠（make a donation）；donor n. 捐赠者 12 relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰；减轻；救济 ⚡考点：to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是；with relief；a relief fund 救济金；relieve v. 减轻；relieved adj. 宽慰的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害；彻底失败 【核心考点】 disaster是自然灾害话题的统领词，阅读理解与读后续写高频。natural disasters（自然灾害，常用复数）；a disaster area（灾区）；disaster relief（救灾）；end in disaster（以惨败告终）；be a disaster for sb.（对某人是场灾难）。形容词disastrous adj.（灾难性的；极糟的）→ have a disastrous effect on（对…造成灾难性影响）；副词disastrously adv.。辨析：disaster（造成重大人员伤亡或财产损失的灾难，规模最大）vs catastrophe（大灾难，程度更甚，多指毁灭性后果）vs accident（意外事故，多为偶发个体事件）vs tragedy（悲剧，侧重情感上的不幸）。 【词根联想】 dis-（不好的，恶的）+ astr/aster（拉丁语、希腊语"星星"）→ 星位不吉、灾星当头→ 灾难。联想：astr"星"→ astronaut（宇航员→星际航行者）、astronomy（天文学）、asterisk（星号）、disaster（灾星→灾难）。古人认为灾祸源自星象不利，词义由此而来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：disaster n. 彻底的失败；糟糕透顶的人或事。熟义"灾难"之外，disaster在口语与议论文中常指"惨败、一塌糊涂的事情"，如The party was a complete disaster（那场聚会糟透了）、His first attempt ended in disaster（他的首次尝试以惨败收场）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes may strike without any warning."（洪水、地震等自然灾害可能毫无预警地袭来。）（经典原句·disaster 灾害） 【搭配词块】 natural disasters 自然灾害 / a disaster area 灾区 / disaster relief 救灾 / disastrous adj. 灾难性的 2. occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；被想起 【核心考点】 occur是"发生"类动词中最正式的一个，语法填空与写作双高频。核心易错点有三：一是occur为不及物动词，无被动语态，不能说was occurred；二是重读闭音节，变形须双写r → occurred / occurring / occurrence；三是固定句式sth. occurs to sb.（某事被某人想到）与It occurred/occurs to sb. that…（某人突然想到…）、It never occurred to me that…（我从未想到…，写作亮点句）。名词occurrence n.（发生；事件）→ a common occurrence（常见现象）。辨析：occur（正式，多指偶发或按规律出现）vs happen（最口语化，常指偶然发生）vs take place（有计划地举行）vs break out（战争、火灾、疾病等突然爆发）。 【词根联想】 oc-（= ob-，朝向，向前）+ currere（拉丁语"跑，run"）→ 迎面跑过来→ 发生；出现在脑海里。联想：curr/curs"跑"→ current（当前的；水流→正在跑的）、occur（发生）、recur（再次发生）、excursion（远足→往外跑）、concurrent（同时发生的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：occur to sb. 被某人想到；使某人突然想起。熟义"发生"之外，occur后接to sb.时主语常为idea/thought/It，表示"某个念头浮现于脑海"，如A good idea occurred to me（我想到一个好主意）、It never occurred to him to ask for help（他从未想到要求助）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The earthquake occurred at midnight, when most of the villagers were fast asleep."（地震发生在午夜，那时大多数村民正熟睡。）（经典原句·occur 发生） 【搭配词块】 occur to sb. 被某人想到 / It occurred to me that… 我突然想到 / occurrence n. 发生 / occur 无被动语态 3. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害（名誉、感情等） 【核心考点】 injure是事故与灾害语篇的必备动词，语法填空高频考查其名词与形容词形式。be badly/seriously/slightly injured（伤势严重/轻微）；injure oneself（受伤）；the injured（伤员，the + adj. 表一类人，作主语时谓语用复数）。名词injury n.（伤；损害，可数，复数injuries）→ suffer/receive an injury（受伤）、a knee injury（膝伤）、do sb. an injury。辨析：injure（因事故意外受伤，最通用）vs wound（多指刀枪等武器造成的外伤，常用于战场）vs hurt（可指身体疼痛，也可指感情受伤，最口语）vs harm（多指抽象的损害，如harm one's health）。 【词根联想】 in-（不，not）+ jur/jus（拉丁语"法律；公正"）→ 不公正地对待→ 伤害。联想：jur/jus"法；正义"→ justice（公正）、jury（陪审团）、injure（不公正对待→使受伤）、injury（伤害）、perjury（伪证罪）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：injure vt. 损害（名誉、感情、利益）。熟义"使身体受伤"之外，injure可接抽象名词，表示对声誉或感情的损害，如injure one's reputation/pride/feelings（损害名誉/自尊/感情）、The scandal injured his career（丑闻损害了他的事业）。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空·injury表"伤"，位于Lenoue就医语块）"Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees."（到那里后，Lenoue接受了评估，随后被送往医院，她得知自己一侧膝盖受了重伤。）（真题原句·injure 名词 伤） 【搭配词块】 be badly injured 严重受伤 / the injured 伤员 / injury n. 伤害 / injure one's feelings 伤害感情 4. shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；休克；冲击 vt. 使震惊 【核心考点】 shock兼具名词与动词，灾难与新闻语篇高频。作名词：come as a shock to sb.（令某人大为震惊）、be in shock（处于震惊/休克状态）、get a shock（吃一惊）、a shock to the system（对身体的强烈刺激）。作动词：shock sb.（使某人震惊）、be shocked at/by sth.（对某事感到震惊）、be shocked to do sth.。形容词shocked adj.（感到震惊的，修饰人）与shocking adj.（令人震惊的，修饰物或事）是高考经典易混点。辨析：shock（因突发坏消息而震惊，常含负面色彩）vs surprise（中性，泛指惊讶）vs amaze（惊叹，多为正面）vs astonish（极度惊讶，程度重于surprise）。 【词根联想】 拟声兼借自古法语choquer"猛烈碰撞"→ 猛烈撞击身心→ 冲击；震惊。联想：由"撞击"义引申出多个搭配：shock wave（冲击波）、electric shock（触电）、shock absorber（减震器）、culture shock（文化冲击），核心都是"突如其来的强烈撞击感"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：shock n. 休克；电击。熟义"震惊"之外，shock在医学与物理语境中指身体机能骤降的"休克"或"电击"，如The patient went into shock（病人休克了）、get an electric shock（触电）。灾害类阅读中此义常与injured同现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The news of the tsunami came as a terrible shock to the whole country."（海啸的消息给全国带来极大的震惊。）（经典原句·shock 震惊） 【搭配词块】 come as a shock to 令…震惊 / in shock 处于震惊中 / be shocked at 对…震惊 / shocking adj. 令人震惊的 5. flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；大量 vt./vi. 淹没；涌入 【核心考点】 flood是自然灾害话题的核心名词兼动词。作名词：heavy floods（洪灾，常用复数）、a flood of（大量的，后接可数或不可数名词，如a flood of letters/complaints）、in flood（河流泛滥）。作动词：flood the streets（淹没街道）、be flooded with（被…充斥；挤满，如be flooded with applications）、flood into/out of（涌入/涌出）。名词flooding n.（洪灾；水淹，不可数）。辨析：flood（洪水，最通用）vs flooding（发生洪水这一现象）vs storm（暴风雨）vs tsunami（海啸，由海底地震引发）。写作中a flood of可替换a large number of，是提升表达的高分短语。 【词根联想】 古英语flōd"流动的水"，与flow（流动）、float（漂浮）同源→ 大水漫流→ 洪水。联想：fl-常表"流动"→ flow（流）、flow er? 非；flu（流感→流行）、fluent（流利的）、fluid（流体）、flood（洪水）。字母组合fl-的"流动"意象可帮助整组记忆。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：flood n. 大量；一连串 v. 涌入；充斥。熟义"洪水"之外，flood常比喻性地表示"大量涌来的事物"，如a flood of tears（泪如泉涌）、Letters flooded in（信件如潮水般涌来）、be flooded with orders（订单应接不暇）。 【真题原句】 （2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空·flood表"洪水"，位于Molai植树故事首段）"A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds."（那年早些时候一场洪水袭击了这一地区，它造成的破坏赶走了许多鸟。）（真题原句·flood 洪水） 【搭配词块】 a flood of 大量的 / be flooded with 挤满；充斥 / flood into 涌入 / flooding n. 洪灾 6. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ vt./n. 营救；救援；抢救 【核心考点】 rescue是救援话题的核心词，动名同形。作动词：rescue sb./sth. from sth.（把某人从…中救出，from为固定介词）、rescue sb. from drowning。作名词：come/go to sb.'s rescue（前去营救某人）、a rescue team/worker/operation（救援队/人员/行动）、attempt a rescue。派生rescuer n.（救援者）。辨析：rescue（有组织地把人或物从危险处境中救出，最正式）vs save（含义最广，可指救命、省钱、储存）vs relieve（减轻痛苦或负担）vs recover（找回；康复）。写作中come to one's rescue比help更具画面感，是记叙文亮点表达。 【词根联想】 re-（重新，back）+ 古法语escourre / 拉丁语excutere（ex-"出"+ quatere"摇动"）→ 把人从危险中猛地摇出来、夺回来→ 营救。联想：cuss/cut"摇；打"→ discuss（讨论→反复摇动想法）、percussion（打击乐）、concussion（脑震荡）、rescue（夺回→营救）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The rescue team reached the mountain village before dawn and saved twelve people."（救援队在黎明前抵达山村，救出了十二人。）（经典原句·rescue 救援） 【搭配词块】 rescue sb. from 从…中救出 / come to one's rescue 前去营救 / a rescue team 救援队 / rescuer n. 救援者 7. locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ vt. 找出…的确切位置；把…设置在 【核心考点】 locate是说明文与应用文高频动词，最核心的考点是被动结构be located in/on/at（位于…，相当于lie/be situated in）。此外locate还可表示"确定位置、找到"，如locate the source of the problem（找到问题根源）、locate survivors（定位幸存者）。名词location n.（位置；地点；外景地）→ a central location（中心地段）、on location（拍摄外景）。形容词local adj.（当地的）；名词locality（地区）。辨析：be located in（大范围之内）vs be located on（临河、临街、在…之上）vs be located at（具体小地点）；locate（找出位置）vs discover（发现原本存在之物）vs detect（探测出难以察觉之物）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语locus"地方（place）"+ 动词后缀-ate → 使处在某地→ 定位；设置。联想：loc"地方"→ local（当地的）、location（位置）、locate（定位）、allocate（分配→拨到某处）、dislocate（脱臼→离开原位）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：locate vt. 找出…的位置；查明。熟义"位于"之外，locate作主动动词时强调"经过寻找而确定位置"，如The dogs helped locate the buried children（狗帮助定位被埋的孩子）、locate the fault in the system（查明系统故障所在）。灾害救援语篇中此义极为常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读A·located表"位于"，位于旅社介绍语块）"Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions."（Des Artistes旅馆位于距市中心车站仅十分钟步行路程处，靠近该市所有主要景点。）（真题原句·locate 位于） 【搭配词块】 be located in 位于 / locate survivors 定位幸存者 / location n. 位置 / local adj. 当地的 8. destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的；消极的 【核心考点】 destructive是灾害与环境话题的高频形容词。a destructive force/storm/earthquake（破坏性的力量/风暴/地震）；be destructive to/of sth.（对…有破坏作用）；destructive criticism（消极的批评，与constructive criticism建设性批评相对，为高考经典对比考点）。动词destroy vt.（摧毁；毁灭）→ be destroyed by fire；名词destruction n.（破坏；毁灭）→ cause widespread destruction。辨析：destroy（彻底摧毁，使之无法复原）vs damage（造成局部损坏，通常可修复）vs ruin（毁掉，常用于抽象事物，如ruin one's future）vs harm（损害，程度最轻）。 【词根联想】 de-（向下；去除）+ struct（拉丁语"建造，build"）+ -ive（形容词后缀）→ 把建起来的东西拆下去→ 破坏性的。联想：struct"建"→ structure（结构）、construct（建造→共同建）、instruct（指导→在心里建立）、obstruct（阻碍→挡着建）、destructive（拆毁的→破坏性的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：destructive adj. 消极的；否定的；无益的（指言行）。熟义"破坏性的"之外，destructive可修饰言论或态度，指"只否定不建设的"，如destructive criticism（消极批评）、a destructive attitude（消极态度）。议论文写作中常与constructive形成对比。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The volcano was so destructive that the whole ancient town was buried in ash."（这座火山破坏力极强，以致整座古城都被火山灰掩埋。）（经典原句·destructive 破坏性的） 【搭配词块】 a destructive force 破坏性力量 / be destructive to 对…有破坏作用 / destroy v. 摧毁 / destruction n. 破坏 9. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实；确认；批准；使更坚定 【核心考点】 confirm是新闻报道与说明文高频动词，读写双高频。confirm that从句（证实…）；confirm sth.（确认某事，如confirm a booking/an appointment确认预订/预约）；It is confirmed that…（据证实…，写作高级句式）；confirm sb. as/in（正式任命某人为…）；confirm sb. in one's belief（使某人更加坚信）。名词confirmation n.（确认；证实）→ receive written confirmation；形容词confirmed adj.（已确认的；根深蒂固的）。辨析：confirm（用新证据证实原有说法或安排）vs prove（提供充分证据证明结论成立）vs verify（核实数据或事实的准确性，正式）vs ensure（确保某事发生）。 【词根联想】 con-（加强语气，完全）+ firm（拉丁语firmus"坚固的，firm"）→ 使完全牢固→ 确证；确认。联想：firm"坚固"→ firm（结实的；公司）、firmly（坚定地）、affirm（断言→肯定地说）、infirm（体弱的→不坚固）、confirm（使坚固→证实）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The government has confirmed that all the missing workers have now been found."（政府已证实所有失踪工人现已全部找到。）（经典原句·confirm 证实） 【搭配词块】 confirm that 证实… / confirm a booking 确认预订 / confirmation n. 确认 / It is confirmed that 据证实 10. supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应；供给；补给品 vt. 供应；提供 【核心考点】 supply名动同形，救灾与经济话题高频。作动词最重要的是双宾结构互换：supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.（向某人提供某物），介词with与to不可混用，此为高考经典易错点（同类还有provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.）。作名词：a supply of（一批；一份供应）、supply and demand（供求）、in short supply（供应不足）、cut off the water supply（切断供水）；复数supplies n.（物资；补给品，如medical supplies医疗物资）。名词supplier n.（供应商）。辨析：supply（长期、大量地供给必需品）vs provide（提供，最通用）vs offer（主动提出给予，对方可拒绝）vs donate（无偿捐赠）。 【词根联想】 sup-（= sub-，从下面）+ plere（拉丁语"填满，fill"）→ 从下面把空缺填满→ 补给；供应。联想：ple/pli"满"→ complete（完成→完全填满）、supplement（补充物）、plenty（充足）、implement（实施）、supply（填满→供应）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：supplies n. 补给品；物资；日用品。熟义动词"供应"之外，supply的复数形式为具体名词，指"物资"，如medical supplies（医疗物资）、school supplies（学习用品）、food supplies（食品补给）。灾害救援类阅读中出现频率极高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Trucks supplied the flooded village with clean drinking water for over two weeks."（卡车为受灾村庄供应了两个多星期的清洁饮用水。）（经典原句·supply 供应） 【搭配词块】 supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供 / in short supply 供应不足 / a supply of 一批 / supplies n. 物资 11. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ vt./vi. 捐赠；捐献；赠予 【核心考点】 donate是公益与救灾话题的核心动词。donate sth. to sb./sth.（把某物捐给…，to为固定介词，不能用for）；donate money/blood/books（捐款/献血/捐书）；donate to charity（向慈善机构捐赠）。名词donation n.（捐赠；捐赠物）→ make a donation to（向…捐款）、take donations（接受捐赠）；donor n.（捐赠者；献血者）→ a blood donor。辨析：donate（正式，多指向慈善或公共机构捐赠）vs contribute（贡献，可指钱、力、思想，且contribute to还有"促成"义）vs give（最普通）vs present（正式赠予，常伴仪式）。 【词根联想】 don/dat（拉丁语donare"给予，give"）+ -ate → 给出去→ 捐赠。联想：don"给"→ donate（捐赠）、donation（捐款）、donor（捐赠者）、pardon（原谅→彻底给出宽恕）；同源dat"给"→ data（数据→给出的事实）、date（日期）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·donations表"捐赠"，位于DC中央厨房语块）"Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields."（去年它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品回收了逾807,500磅食物，否则这些食物就会烂在地里。）（真题原句·donate 名词 捐赠） 【搭配词块】 donate sth. to 把…捐给 / donate blood 献血 / donation n. 捐赠 / make a donation 捐款 12. relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰；轻松；减轻；救济（物资） 【核心考点】 relief是情感描写与救灾话题的双高频名词，读后续写必备。to one's relief / to the relief of sb.（令某人宽慰的是，独立成分置于句首）；with relief（如释重负地）；a sense of relief（一种轻松感）；breathe a sigh of relief（长舒一口气）；pain relief（止痛）；disaster relief（救灾）、a relief fund（救济金）。动词relieve vt.（减轻；缓解；使宽慰）→ relieve pain/pressure、be relieved to do sth.；形容词relieved adj.（宽慰的，修饰人）。辨析：relief（担忧解除后的轻松）vs comfort（安慰；舒适）vs relaxation（放松，指身心休闲）vs rescue（营救行动）。 【词根联想】 re-（再次）+ lev/lief（拉丁语levare"举起；减轻"，levis"轻的"）→ 把压在心头的重担再抬起来→ 宽慰；减轻。联想：lev"轻；举"→ elevator（电梯→举起的机器）、lever（杠杆）、levitate（漂浮）、relieve（减轻）、relief（宽慰）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relief n. 救济；救济物资。熟义"宽慰"之外，relief在灾害语篇中指政府或组织提供的援助，如disaster relief（救灾）、relief supplies（救灾物资）、a relief worker（救援人员）、send relief to the flooded area（向灾区发送救济物资）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To the relief of everyone, every trapped miner was brought out alive that night."（令所有人宽慰的是，那晚每一名被困矿工都被活着救了出来。）（经典原句·relief 宽慰） 【搭配词块】 to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是 / with relief 如释重负地 / relieve v. 减轻 / a relief fund 救济金 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 disaster disastrous (adj.) disastrously (adv.) --- natural disasters / a disaster area occur occurrence (n.) occurred (v.) occurring (v.) occur to sb. / It occurred to me that injure injury (n.) injured (adj.) uninjured (adj.) be badly injured / the injured shock shocked (adj.) shocking (adj.) shockingly (adv.) come as a shock to / in shock flood flooding (n.) flooded (adj.) floodwater (n.) a flood of / be flooded with rescue rescuer (n.) rescued (adj.) --- rescue sb. from / a rescue team locate location (n.) local (adj.) locality (n.) be located in / on location destructive destroy (v.) destruction (n.) destructively (adv.) a destructive force / be destructive to confirm confirmation (n.) confirmed (adj.) confirming (v.) confirm that / confirm a booking supply supplies (n.) supplier (n.) supplied (v.) supply sb. with sth. / in short supply donate donation (n.) donor (n.) donated (adj.) donate sth. to / make a donation relief relieve (v.) relieved (adj.) relieving (v.) to one's relief / a relief fund Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2020新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空·改编）A __________ (flooding) had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 2.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空·改编）At the hospital she learned that she had serious __________ (injure) in one of her knees. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编）Last year the kitchen recovered tons of good food by taking __________ (donate) from farms and shops. 4.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is __________ (location) just a 10-minute walk from the central city station. 5.（2026山东济南•模拟）The strong earthquake __________ (occurrence) at midnight, when most of the villagers were fast asleep. 6.（2026广东广州•模拟）The volcano was so __________ (destroy) that the whole ancient town was buried deep in ash. 7.（2026浙江杭州•模拟）The __________ (rescuer) team reached the mountain village before dawn the next morning. 8.（2026江苏南京•模拟）To our great __________ (relieve), every trapped worker was brought out of the mine alive. 9.（2026四川成都•模拟）The local government has __________ (confirmation) that all the missing people have been found. 10.（2026河南郑州•模拟）Trucks kept __________ (supplies) the village with clean drinking water for over two weeks. 11.（2026湖北武汉•模拟）The news of the tsunami came as a terrible __________ (shocking) to the whole country. 12.（2026福建福州•模拟）Natural __________ (disastrous) such as typhoons often hit the south-east coast in summer. 13.（2026湖南长沙•模拟）Many kind-hearted citizens __________ (donation) money and warm clothes to the homeless families. 14.（2026安徽合肥•模拟）Two firefighters were badly __________ (injury) while they were saving the trapped children. 15.（2026陕西西安•模拟）The exact __________ (locate) of the buried village was finally worked out by a small drone. 【答案】 1. flood 2. injuries 3. donations 4. located 5. occurred 6. destructive 7. rescue 8. relief 9. confirmed 10. supplying 11. shock 12. disasters 13. donated 14. injured 15. location 【逐题解析】 1. flood — 提示词flooding（不可数名词）需转可数名词单数，A后接单数，作主语。 2. injuries — 提示词injure（动词）需转名词复数。serious injuries 重伤，injury可数。 3. donations — 提示词donate（动词）需转名词复数。take donations 接受捐赠。 4. located — 提示词location（名词）需转过去分词。be located in/…位于，常用被动。 5. occurred — 提示词occurrence（名词）需转动词过去式，重读闭音节双写r。 6. destructive — 提示词destroy（动词）需转形容词。so + adj. + that 如此…以致。 7. rescue — 提示词rescuer（名词，救援者）需转名词作定语。a rescue team 救援队。 8. relief — 提示词relieve（动词）需转名词。to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是。 9. confirmed — 提示词confirmation（名词）需转过去分词，has confirmed 现在完成时。 10. supplying — 提示词supplies（第三人称单数）需转动名词。keep doing 持续做某事。 11. shock — 提示词shocking（形容词）需转名词。come as a shock to 令…震惊。 12. disasters — 提示词disastrous（形容词）需转名词复数。natural disasters 自然灾害。 13. donated — 提示词donation（名词）需转动词过去式，与后文时态一致，表过去。 14. injured — 提示词injury（名词）需转过去分词。were badly injured 被动语态。 15. location — 提示词locate（动词）需转名词作主语。the exact location 确切位置。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 自然__________（灾害）常常毫无预警地降临。去年春天，一场强烈地震在山区县城__________（发生），房屋在几秒内倒塌，许多人被__________（使受伤）。 那种__________（震惊）让村民久久无法回神，紧接着一股泥水__________（洪流）冲过残破的街道。__________（救援）队在黎明前赶到，在具有__________（破坏性的）废墟下__________（定位）幸存者。 医生很快__________（确认）大多数伤员都能康复。卡车运来源源不断的清水__________（供应），全国各地的人们__________（捐赠）钱物。令所有人__________（宽慰）的是，一个月后重建就开始了。 【答案】 disasters; occurred; injured; shock; flood; rescue; destructive; locate; confirmed; supply; donated; relief Part 7 关联阅读 At twenty past three on a cold March morning, a powerful earthquake occurred beneath a quiet mountain county in the south-west. Within twenty seconds, walls cracked, roofs came down and all the power lines were broken. Mr Zhao, a geography teacher at the local high school, was shaken out of his bed. His first feeling was pure shock, but he forced himself to stay calm. He counted the students in the dormitory building, led them down the dark stairs in an orderly line and out to the open playground. By sunrise the true picture appeared. The most destructive damage lay in the old town, where a flood of mud from the hillside had buried three narrow streets. Sixty-two people were injured and more than twenty were still missing. Rescue teams from four neighbouring provinces arrived that same afternoon with search dogs, cutting tools and listening devices. Their hardest task was to locate survivors in complete silence, because a single weak cry from under the stones might be the only signal that they would ever hear. Help came from far and wide. Within three days the government confirmed that every trapped person had been reached and that no one else was missing. Lorries carried a steady supply of drinking water, tents, medicine and warm clothes into the narrow valley. Students in distant cities donated their pocket money, and several large companies gave millions to the relief fund. Mr Zhao himself worked as a volunteer, carrying heavy boxes and writing down the names of families who needed shelter. Six months later the county looks quite different. New houses stand on higher and safer ground, and every school now holds an escape drill twice a term. Mr Zhao teaches a short course on natural disasters to his classes. He tells his students that nobody can stop the earth from shaking, but knowledge and practice can decide who walks out alive. "A disaster tests a place only once," he often says, "yet careful preparation protects it for ever." His students always listen very carefully, because they know that he is speaking from real experience. 1. What did Mr Zhao do soon after the earthquake happened? A. He ran out of the school building alone to look for help in the town. B. He counted his students and led them out to the open playground. C. He tried to repair the broken power lines around the dormitory. D. He went straight to the old town to join the search for survivors. 2. Why was the rescue work in the old town especially difficult? A. The rescue teams had to travel from four provinces far away. B. The heavy rain kept falling and made the hillside slide again. C. No professional search dogs or cutting tools were available. D. Rescuers had to keep silent so as to hear weak cries for help. 3. What can we learn about the county from paragraph 3? A. It received wide support from people and companies across the country. B. It refused outside money because the local government was rich enough. C. It had to wait three weeks before the first supplies finally arrived. D. It lost contact with the outside world for the whole of that month. 4. What message does Mr Zhao want to pass on to his students? A. Geography lessons matter more than any other school subject. B. People should move away from areas where earthquakes happen. C. Being well prepared can save lives when a disaster strikes. D. Natural disasters will become far less common in the future. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段末句明确写道He counted the students in the dormitory building, led them down the dark stairs in an orderly line and out to the open playground，可见地震发生后赵老师先克制住shock（震惊）的情绪，随即清点人数并带学生有序撤到空旷操场，选项B与原句逐项对应。A项"独自跑出去求助"与他始终守护学生的描写完全相反；C项"抢修电线"文中只提到电线断了，从未说他去修；D项"直奔老城参与搜救"发生在第二段救援队的叙述中，与时间线不符，属张冠李戴。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段末句Their hardest task was to locate survivors in complete silence, because a single weak cry from under the stones might be the only signal that they would ever hear，用locate这一目标词点明救援之难在于必须保持绝对安静才能捕捉石块下微弱的呼救声，故D项正确。A项"从四省远道赶来"是事实但并非"困难"本身，属答非所问；B项"暴雨导致再次滑坡"文中毫无依据；C项与原文with search dogs, cutting tools and listening devices直接矛盾。 第3题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第三段以Help came from far and wide领起，随后列举政府confirmed搜救完成、卡车运来源源不断的supply（饮水、帐篷、药品、衣物）、远方学生donated零花钱、大企业向relief fund捐出数百万，四个目标词层层叠加，共同指向"全国各界给予了广泛援助"，故A项正确。B项"拒绝外来捐款"与donated、gave millions直接相悖；C项"等了三周物资才到"与Within three days矛盾；D项"与外界失联一个月"更是无中生有。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段是主旨落点，赵老师开设natural disasters短课，并说nobody can stop the earth from shaking, but knowledge and practice can decide who walks out alive，又以引语"A disaster tests a place only once, yet careful preparation protects it for ever"收束，核心正是"充分准备能在灾难中挽救生命"，C项为该主旨的同义转述。A项抬高地理学科地位属过度推断；B项"举家搬离地震区"与文中新房建在更高更安全处、坚持演练的做法不符；D项"自然灾害将大为减少"文中从未提及。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：disaster, occur, injure, shock, flood, rescue, locate, destructive, confirm, supply, donate, relief Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. disaster — __________ 2. occur — __________ 3. injure — __________ 4. shock — __________ 5. flood — __________ 6. rescue — __________ 7. locate — __________ 8. destructive — __________ 9. confirm — __________ 10. supply — __________ 11. donate — __________ 12. relief — __________ 13. disastrous — __________ 14. occurrence — __________ 15. injury — __________ 16. location — __________ 17. donation — __________ 18. relieve — __________ 19. a flood of — __________ 20. to one's relief — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 灾难；灾害；彻底失败 2. 发生；出现；被想起 3. 使受伤；损害 4. 震惊；休克；使震惊 5. 洪水；大量；淹没 6. 营救；救援 7. 找出…的位置；把…设在 8. 破坏性的；消极的 9. 证实；确认；批准 10. 供应；补给品；提供 11. 捐赠；捐献 12. 宽慰；减轻；救济 13. 灾难性的（形容词） 14. 发生；事件（名词） 15. 伤害；伤口（名词） 16. 位置；地点（名词） 17. 捐赠；捐款（名词） 18. 减轻；缓解（动词） 19. 大量的（短语） 20. 令某人宽慰的是（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. That flood was one of the worst natural accidents in the history of the county. → That flood was one of the worst natural __________ in the history of the county. 2. The strong earthquake happened at three in the morning when everyone was asleep. → The strong earthquake __________ at three in the morning when everyone was asleep. 3. Ten workers were badly hurt when the old factory wall suddenly fell down. → Ten workers were badly __________ when the old factory wall suddenly fell down. 4. Firefighters worked all night long to save the families trapped inside the building. → Firefighters worked all night long to __________ the families trapped inside the building. 5. The news of the tsunami gave the whole country a terrible surprise that evening. → The news of the tsunami came as a terrible __________ to the whole country that evening. 6. The volcano was extremely damaging and buried the whole ancient town in ash. → The volcano was extremely __________ and buried the whole ancient town in ash. 7. Kind people all over the country gave money and warm clothes to the victims. → Kind people all over the country __________ money and warm clothes to the victims. 8. Trucks brought a steady amount of clean drinking water into the ruined mountain village. → Trucks brought a steady __________ of clean drinking water into the ruined mountain village. 9. It was a great comfort to us that every trapped miner was still alive. → To our great __________, every trapped miner was still alive. 10. The search dogs helped the team find the exact place of the two buried children. → The search dogs helped the team __________ the two buried children. 【答案】 1. disasters 2. occurred 3. injured 4. rescue 5. shock 6. destructive 7. donated 8. supply 9. relief 10. locate Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：disaster → occur → injure → shock → flood → rescue → locate → destructive → confirm → supply → donate → relief 复述模板（填空）： 自然__________（灾害）毫无预警地降临，一场强烈地震在山区县城__________（发生），许多人被__________（使受伤）。 那种__________（震惊）久久难以平复，泥水__________（洪流）冲过街道；__________（救援）队在黎明前赶到，在具有__________（破坏性的）废墟下__________（定位）幸存者。 医生很快__________（确认）伤员大多能康复；卡车送来充足的物资__________（供应），全国人民__________（捐赠）钱物，令人__________（宽慰）的是，重建很快开始。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：disasters; occurred; injured; shock; flood; rescue; destructive; locate; confirmed; supply; donated; relief 复述模板参考版本： Natural disasters often strike without any warning. When a strong earthquake occurred in a mountain county, houses fell down in seconds and many villagers were injured. The shock was terrible, and a flood of muddy water rushed through the broken streets. Rescue teams arrived before dawn to locate survivors under the destructive ruins, and doctors soon confirmed that most of the wounded would get well again. Trucks brought a steady supply of clean water and food, while people all over the country donated money and warm clothes. To the relief of everyone, the county began to rebuild its homes only one month later. $